C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) --> 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g) + 2043.9 kJ
If 512 g of propane are burned in an automobile engine, the amount of energy released (to the nearest tenth) is __________ MJ.

Answer:

Structure:

Differences-  A polymer is a collection of a large number of molecules whereas a monomer is a single molecule.

A monomer is a single molecule, which has the ability to chemically bond with other monomers in a long chain. A polymer is a chain that is made when monomers bind with other monomers.

Similarities-  They are both molecules

Properties:

Differences- Monomers have polyfunctionality, which is the capacity to form chemical bonds to at least two other monomer molecules. Polymers are chemically unreactive, solids at room temperature, malleable, tough, and are electrical insulators.

Similarities- They both makeup larger forms of matter.

Intermolecular Forces

Differences: Polymers are held together by covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion bonds. Monomers are only held together by hydrogen bonds.

Similarities: They can both be bonded together by hydrogen bonds.

This rule is used to quickly determine protonation, and hence charge state, and is extremely important to know (and easy to derive).

In many stoichiometric and catalytic reactions, protonation—a fundamental chemical reaction—takes place as a first step. Many biological macromolecules, including certain ions and molecules that can undergo more than one protonation, are classified as polybasic. Most acid-base reactions result in protonation and deprotonation (the removal of a proton), which are at the center of most theories relating to these reactions.

An element that protonates another element is referred to as a Brnsted-Lowry acid. In some analytical processes, such as electrospray mass spectrometry, protonation of a substrate is a necessary step since it causes the species' mass and charge to both increase by one unit. In addition to changing the charge and mass of a molecule or ion, protonation and deprotonation can also alter many other chemical properties.

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1 molecule of glutamate can form 7.6 ATP can be formed by oxidative phosphorylation .

In the process of oxidative phosphorylation, oxygen is consumed as electrons are transferred through the mitochondrial electron transport chain and ATP is produced.

The bulk of the ATP required for higher animals and plants to sustain life is produced by oxidative phosphorylation, which is also in charge of creating and preserving metabolic equilibrium.

The glutamate carrier recycles glutamate outside of mitochondria (T9). One aspartate and 7.6 ATP are made at the best return for each glutamine.

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The empirical formula of the compound is [tex]CH_{4}N[/tex].

We calculate the empirical formula by calculating the mass of every individual element in the compound and then calculating the corresponding moles.

0.458 g CO2 / 44 g/mol = 0.0104 mol ⇒ 0.0104 mol of C ⇒ 0.0104 mol x 12 g/mol = 0.125 g of C

0.374 g H2O / 18 g/mol = 0.0208 mol ⇒ 0.0416 mol of H ⇒ 0.0416 mol x 1 g/mol = 0.0416 g of H

0.486 g : 0.226 g = 0.312 g : X

X = 0.145 g of N

0.145 g / 14 g/mol = 0.0104 mol of N

0.0104 mol of C
0.0416 mol of H
0.0104 mol of N

When divided by 0.0104 mol, we get the C : H : N ratio of 1 : 4 : 1, giving us the empirical formula of [tex]CH_{4}N[/tex].

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A+bare+helium+nucleus+has+two+positive+charges+and+a+mass+of+6.64+10-27+kg.+  7.57×105 eV.

When you look at a photograph of a cell, the nucleus is among the elements that is most evident. The nucleus, located in the centre of the cell, is home to all of the chromosomes, which are responsible for encoding the genetic material. Consequently, it is crucial to safeguard this area of the cell.

The membrane that surrounds the nucleus maintains all of the chromosomes inside and distinguishes between the chromosomes being inside the nucleus and the other organelles and parts of the cell remaining outside. There are pores in the nuclear membrane that enable molecules to enter and exit the nucleus as necessary, such as when RNA needs to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

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The solubility of barium carbonate, BaCo₃ is 4.5 x 10⁻⁵ M.

To find the solubility, the given values are,

Ksp = 2.0·10⁻⁹.

Here, s(BaCO₃) = ?M.

In chemistry, Solubility is the ability of a substance, the solute, to form a solution with another substance, the solvent.

Formula for solubility is,

                           Ksp = [A^+]^a [B^-]^b

Ksp = solubility product constant

A^+ = cation in an aqueous solution

B^- = anion in an aqueous solution

a, b = relative concentrations of a and b

The Chemical reaction of Barium carbonate is :

BaCO₃(s) → Ba²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq).

s(BaCO₃) = s(Ba²⁺) =s(CO₃²⁻) = x.

Ksp = s(Ba²⁺) · s(CO₃²⁻).

Ksp = x · x.

2.0·10⁻⁹ = x².

x = √2.0·10⁻⁹

  = 4.47x10⁻⁵ M.

So, The solubility of Barium carbonate is 4.5x10⁻⁵ M.

Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

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When water molecules interact, the positively charged hydrogen end of one molecule is attracted to the negatively charged oxygen end of another molecule.

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules, it was not all the time that a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom.

The attractive force will be very strong between a hydrogen atom and the electronegative atoms i.e., N, O, or F atom, etc., as it was covalently bonded to electronegative atom.

Any molecule that has a hydrogen atom directly attached to an oxygen or nitrogen atom is capable of hydrogen bonding. When hydrogen is bonded to fluorine, the attraction of covalent bond was very well.

So, When water molecules interact, the positively charged hydrogen end of one molecule is attracted to the negatively charged oxygen end of another molecule.

Thus, the answer is positively and negatively respectively.

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In Dalton Theory  the atom of the same element has same mass found also wrong because some elements show different atoms having different masses.

That postulate of the Dalton atomic theory was changed that atom is indivisible particle and can be subdivided into smaller particles was later changed and then this statement comes forward that because the atoms can be divided into three more particles which are electron, proton and neutron.

1. The first statement of the Dalton's theory got wrong because due to the indivisibility of the atom.

2. The atom is the smallest particle also found wrong because the atom is further divided in the proton, electron and neutron.

3. The atom of the same element has same mass found also wrong because some elements show different atoms having different masses.

So we can conclude that in Dalton theory  the atom of the same element has same mass found also wrong because some elements show different atoms having different masses.

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The ph of the resulting solution Ka = 1.8x10-5 /0.036-x

The e letters pH stand for the potential of hydrogen since pH is effectively a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions.

a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.

3 ml x 3.00 M = 250 ml * x M

x = 0.036 M HAc

Ka = 1.8x10-5 /0.036-x

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The substance has a molar mass of 122.11 g/mol, an empirical formula of C2H5O2, and a molecular formula of C4 H10 O4.

We can determine the relative atomic ratios in a compound using an empirical formula.

The ratios also hold true at the molar level. H2O is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

The same is true for the mole of H2O, which is made up of 1.0 moles of oxygen and 2.0 moles of hydrogen.

Example: The chemical structure of glucose is C6H12O6. Every mole of carbon and oxygen is accompanied by two moles of hydrogen.

Glucose has the empirical formula CH2O.

Ribose has the chemical formula C5H10O5, which can be simplified to the empirical formula CH2O.

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Answer:

63.6 g/mol

Explanation:

If the percent abundance of Cu-63 is 69.1%, then Cu-65 is 30.1% since

100%-69.1%= 30.1%

To find the average atomic mass, multiiply the percentage with the corresponding mass then add the answers together.

(63 x 69.1%) + (65 x 30.1%) = average atomic mass

(63 x .691) + (65 x .301) = 43.533 + 20.085 = 63.618 g/mol = 63.6 g/mol

The speed of the fluid in the pipe through the cross-section of 0.105 m² is 5.21 m/s.

The area of the first cross-section is A1.

A1 = 0.70 m²

The area of the second cross-section is A2.

A2 = 0.105 m²

The velocity of the fluid at the first cross-section is V1.

V1 = 3.50 m/s

Let the velocity of the fluid at the second cross-section be V2.

The speed of the fluid in the pipe through the cross-section of 0.105 m² is,

Area of the first cross-section × Velocity of the fluid through the first cross-section = Area of the second cross-section × Velocity of the fluid through the second cross-section

A1 × V1 = A2 × V2

0.070 × 3.50 = 0.047 × V2

[tex]V2 = \frac{0.070 × 3.50}{ 0.047} [/tex]

= 5.21 m/s

Therefore, the speed of the fluid in the pipe through the cross-section of 0.105 m² is 5.21 m/s.

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The wasteful side reaction of o2 with rubisco takes place under increased temperature and intense light conditions.

In the Calvin cycle, photorespiration refers to the chemical reaction that takes place between enzyme rubisco and oxygen by using ATP under light conditions and increased temperature.

The resultant products of this reaction are phosphoglycolate and PGA.

Moreover, phosphoglycolate and PGA can not be utilized for the synthesis of RUBP instead these newly manufactured compounds are processed into a 3-PGA reaction to continue the Calvin cycle where they are consumed to generate glycolate which is ultimately transformed into glycerate.

To put it simply, photorespiration is a reaction in which oxygen combines with rubisco to form 3-PG and 2 phosphoglycolates.

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Explanation:

b) .000035

f) .000005

g) .000000009823

i) .00026

j) 800000000

Sample methane gas of contains more hydrogen atoms at STP.

At STP a 22.4 liter sample of gas contains the same number of molecules as one mole.

At standard temperature and pressure 1 mol of gas occupied 22.4 liters.

Vm = 22.4 L/mol; molar volume at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure).

V(CH4) = 1 L; volume of methane gas

n(CH4) = V(CH4) ÷ Vm.

n(CH4) = 1 L ÷ 22.4 L/mol.

n(CH4) = 0.045 mol; amount of methane

In one methane molecule, there are four hydrogen atoms.

n(H) = 4 × 0.045 mol

n(H) = 0.18 mol; amount of hydrogen atoms in 1 liter of methane

n(H2) = 1 L ÷ 22.4 L/mol.

n(H2) = 0.045 mol; amount of hydrogen molecule

In one hydrogen molecule, there are two hydrogen atoms.

n(H) = 2 × 0.045 mol

n(H) = 0.090 mol; amount of hydrogen in 1 liter of hydrogen gas

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Molecules which increase neurotransmitter formation and release are termed as calcium.

The release of neurotransmitter molecules is triggered by an increase in calcium. When a neuron becomes depolarized and reaches a threshold, it sends an electrical signal called the action potential down the axon. When the action potential reaches the terminal, voltage gated calcium channels open. This causes an influx of calcium, which binds to proteins and allows the fusion of neurotransmitter-filled vesicles with the membrane. This results in the release of increased level of neurotransmitter into the synapse, where it can cause changes in the postsynaptic cell.

What are Neurotransmitters?

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that neurons release in order to communicate with other neurons or effector tissues such as muscle. There are various types of neurotransmitters, each with a unique effect on the postsynaptic cell.

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Density = mass/volume

  ρ=[tex]=m/v[/tex]

density = 4.726/128.9

density = 0.0366 g/cm3.

The term "density" refers to the quantity or mass per unit of volume in a particular substance. Mass divided by volume is the formula for calculating density.

Absolute density and relative density are the two main types of density. Relative density, also known as specific gravity, is the ratio of a substance's density to the density of a reference material. The reference substance is often water.

The formula to calculate density is the mass of an object divided by its volume. The standard units are kg/m3.

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The expected value of the total volume of the liquuid in the test tube is 23 mL

From the question given above, the following data were obatined:

The total volume of the liquid in the test tube can be obtained by adding the volume of the red liquid and the volume of the liquid in the test tube together. This is illustrated below:

Total volume = Volume of red liquid + volume of liquid in test tube

Total volume = 14 + 9

Total volume = 23 mL

Thus, we can conclude that the expected value of the total volume of the liquid is 23 mL

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Answer:

We know that the forces are added if they are in the same direction and they are subtracted if they are in opposite directions. So, the net force = 10 N (North) + 10 N (North) = 20 N (North) and 8 N (West) - 8 N (East) = 0. Therefore the net force on the block is 20 N in the North direction.

The pH of given  solution is 8.77. It can be calculated by the pka value of NH₄/NH₃ and molar concentrations of both the ionic compounds.

A solution containing 0.12 NH₄Cl and 0.03 moles of NaOH undergoes a reaction in which NaOH reacts with NH₄Cl to form NaCl, producing NH₃ and H₂O.

NH₄Cl + NaOH = NH₃ + NaCl + H₂O

The pH is therefore equal to the sum of the pKa and the logarithm of the base concentration divided by the acidity. In both cases the base concentration is 0.03 molar. When sodium hydroxide is added, 1 mole of ammonia is produced for each mole added. The result is less ammonium with each addition of hydroxide.

This is how we come to a solution.

pH = pKa + log [base]/log [acid]

pH = 9.25 + log 0.03/log 0.12

pH = 8.77

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The weight of the column is 1273.85 pounds.

r = 370 mm/2 = 185 mm

r = 0.185 m; a radius of a concrete column

l = 2.2 m; a length of a concrete column

d = 2.45 Mg/m³; density of a concrete

V = r² × π × l

V = (0.185 m)² × 3.14 × 2.2 m

V = 0.236 m³; volume of a column

m = d × V

m = 2.45 Mg/m³ × 0.236 m³

m = 0.578 Mg

1 Mg = 1000 kg

m = 578.2 kg; mass of concrete

W = 578.2 kg × 9.8 m/s²

W = 5666.36 N

W = 5666.36 N × 0.225 Ibf/N

W = 1273.85 Ibf; weight of a concrete

The weight of an object is the amount of force acting on the object due to gravity. SI unit for weight is newton (N).

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The ratio of the deprotonated form to protonated form is 1 : 100.

Henderson–Hasselbalch equation: pH = pKa + log(cs/ck)

pH = 4.75; pH of buffer solution

pKa = 6.75

4.75 = 6.75 + log(cs/ck)

log(cs/ck) = 4.75 - 6.75 = -2.0

cs/ck = 10⁻² = 0.01; ratio of the deprotonated form to protonated form

A buffer can be defined as a substance that prevents the pH of a solution from changing by either releasing or absorbing H⁺ in a solution.

Buffer is a solution that can resist pH change upon the addition of an acidic or basic components and it is able to neutralize small amounts of added acid or base, pH of the solution is relatively stable.

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0.8 is the density of an unknown gas in g/l that has a volume of  10.9 l and  has a mass of 8.72 g.

What is density?

The definition of a material's density is the mass per unit volume of that substance. The ratio of mass to volume is known as density, or mass per unit volume. It calculates an object's material content in relation to its volume (cubic metre or cubic centimeter). Density is essentially a measurement of how tightly matter is packed.
Mass of the unknown gas = 8.72g

Volume of the gas = 10.9 l

Density of the gas = mass/volume = 8.72/10.9 g/l = 0.8g/l.

Thus, An unidentified gas with a volume of 10.9 l and a mass of 8.72 g has a density of 0.8 in g/l.

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The average  atomic mass of the element = 14.0135 amu and the element is Nitrogen

14.00 × 98.632 % + 15.00 × 1.3668 %

= 1,401.35 %

average atomic mass = [tex]\frac{1401.35}{100}[/tex]

             = 14.0135 amu

Isotopes are part  of a family of an element that  have all  the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. The number of protons in a nucleus defines the element's atomic number on the Periodic Table.  Taking example, carbon  is having  six protons and it's atomic number 6.

The average atomic mass (generally known as  atomic weight) of an element is the weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally participating  sample of the element. Average masses are generally determined  in unified atomic mass units (u), where 1 u is equal to one-twelfth of  the mass of a neutral atom of carbon-12.

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The molecular geometry is seesaw.

The molecule has the seesaw geometry when it has the central atom with four single bonds with other atoms and one lone pair of electrons (AX4E1 in AXE notation).

VSEPR theory (The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory) uses the AXE notation.

The seesaw geometry is similar to a trigonal bipyramid.

Difference is that in the seesaw geometry one of the atoms is replaced by a lone pair of electrons.

A lone pair of electrons in the seesaw geometry is always in an equatorial position (see the picture below).

Some examples of the molecules with seesaw geometry are sulfur tetrachloride (SF4) and sulfur tetrafluoride (SF4).

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It is the name given to the combination of strong and weak nuclear forces.

We know that the nucleus of the atom is the place that houses the greatest amount of energy. We could obtain the highest energy by ripping open the nucleus of an atom. There is a huge energy that holds the particles in the nucleus together and this called the nuclear binding energy.

This energy must also be required to break the nucleus as is the case in the operation of the atomic bond and in nuclear reactors. The true statement about the nuclear energy is that; It is the name given to the combination of strong and weak nuclear forces.

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