Answer:
For CO:
Formal charge of C = 4 - 2 - 6/2 = -1
Formal charge of O = 6 - 2 - 6/2 = +1
2. For CO₂:
Formal charge of C = 4 - 0 - 8/2 = 0
Formal charge of each O = 6 - 4 - 4/2 = 0
3. For CO₃²⁻:
Formal charge of C: 4 - 0 - 8/2 = 0
Formal charge of two O's single-bonded to C = 6 - 6 - 2/2 = -1
Formal charge of the O double-bonded to C = 6 - 4 - 4/2 = 0
CHEMISTRY 50 POINTSS!!
The electron configuration of an element is shown below.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
Name the group this element belongs to in the periodic table and explain your answer.
Based on the electron configuration, write one chemical property of this element.
Answer: Group 18, non-reactive noble gas
Explanation:
This electron configuration denotes the elements Argon. It is at the end of the 3p subshell and we can tell this because it says 6 for the value in 3p. This element is in group 18 and something important about that group is that they are typically non-reactive gases, because they have a full electron shell.
Group 18
non-reactive noble gas
in the upper atmosphere, ozone (o3) gas absorbs ultraviolet radiation forming dioxygen (o2), which then reacts with transient atomic oxygen to reform ozone. this equilibrium reaction, which protects the inhabitants of earth from a constant barrage of high-energy and ionizing ultraviolet radiation, can essentially written as:
The ozone in the atmosphere significantly absorbs solar ultraviolet light, notably the dangerous, high-energy UV-a and UV-b rays.
How is UV radiation absorbed by the ozone layer?Ozone is created when atomic oxygen (O) recombines with molecular oxygen (O3). The UVB band's short wavelengths are absorbed by ozone, which prevents organic molecule photochemical reactions. Ozone is broken down into molecular oxygen by reactive chlorine (Cl) generated from CFCs, which does not absorb UVB rays.
What processes are involved in the stratospheric ozone layer destruction?Cl + O3 and ClO + O are the two fundamental reactions that make up the cycle. Overall, Cycle 1 produces two oxygen molecules from one ozone molecule and one oxygen atom.
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an element of atomic number 88 decays radioactively to an element of atomic number 82.
Three alpha particles are emitted when radium-88 decay into an element having atomic number 82.
The element with an atomic number 88 is Radium i.e., a radioactive element. The decay from atomic number 88 to atomic number 82 involves a loss of 6 protons.
For losing 6 protons, three alpha particles are used as one alpha particle has two protons which mean that decay via three alpha particles will result in the loss of 6 protons.
Thus, six protons are lost when radium-88 decay into an element with atomic number 82.
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what is the REDUCED mass of H2 and N2 using Ma*Mb/Ma+Mb
The reduced mass of H2 and N2 is 1.86g.
What is reduced mass?In Newtonian mechanics' two-body problem, the reduced mass is the "effective" inertial mass. It is a quantity that makes it possible to solve the two-body problem as if it were a one-body problem. However, the mass that determines gravitational pull is not lowered. It is denoted by μ.
It is given by equation:
1 / μ = 1 / m1 + 1 / m2
μ = [tex]\frac{m1 * m2}{m1 + m2}[/tex]
According to the question,
Molar mass of H2 = 2
Molar mass of N2 = 28
Substituting the values in equation:
μ = [tex]\frac{2 * 28}{2 + 28}[/tex]
μ = [tex]1.86 g[/tex]
The reduced mass of H2 and N2 is 1.86g.
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the process of breaking down foods, either mechanically or chemically, and then absorbing them is called
Enzymes that aid in protein, lipid, and carbohydrate digestion are produced by the pancreas. Additionally, a chemical that neutralizes stomach acid is produced there. The small intestine is where these enzymes and bile enter and aid in the digestion of the meal through specialized passageways known as ducts. Additionally, the liver aids in the bloodstream's processing of nutrients.
Food is broken down into components for circulatory absorption by the process of digestion, which involves both mechanical and enzymatic means. Proteins, carbs, and lipids are the three macronutrients in the diet that must be digested in order to be absorbed. The process of physically and enzymatically dissolving food into components for circulatory absorption is called digestion. Proteins, carbs, and lipids are the three macronutrients in the diet that must be digested in order to be absorbed.
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The energy that an object has due to its motion is called, a. gravitational potential energy. b. elastic potential energy. c. kinetic energy. d. thermal energy.
Kinetic energy is the form of energy that a moving body possesses. When kinetic energy is released into motion by gravity or any other force, potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.
Energy is omnipresent. However, we are aware that energy cannot be created or destroyed according to the rule of conservation of energy. However, we are aware that energy can only be transformed from one type of energy to another.
Energy is the definition of the ability to perform work of any kind. Mass and energy are inversely related. This is apparent from the Mass-Energy Equivalence.
E=mc2
It's stated that a body at rest has potential energy. In contrast, when an object is moving, it possesses kinetic energy.
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which of the following molecules would be polar? group of answer choices sco pcl5 ccl4 bcl3 co2
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is polar in nature and the electronegativity difference between sulfur and oxygen atoms makes it a polar molecule.
Why is SO2 a polar covalent?Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO2 and it is a toxic gas that is responsible for the odor of burnt matches.
SO2 has a bent shape due to the presence of unbonded electrons on the sulfur and oxygen atoms.
Solid sulfur dioxide is a polar molecular solid because net dipole moment is non zero and constituent particles are molecules and the electronegativity of sulfur is 2.5 and that of oxygen is 3.5.
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which statement is true about coordination compounds? group of answer choices the metal ion donates a pair of electrons to the ligand. the metal ion acts as a lewis base. co2 is a coordination compound. the sharing of the electrons donated by the ligand forms a coordinate covalent bond to the metal. metal oxide salts are coordination compounds.
Option 3; The sharing of the electrons donated by the ligand forms a coordinate covalent bond to the metal
Two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons in a covalent bond. The two atomic nuclei are simultaneously attracting these electrons. When the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is too tiny for an electron transfer to take place to form ions, a covalent bond is created. Bonding electrons are collectively referred to as the electrons that are present in the region between the two nuclei. The hydrogen molecule is the simplest substance with a covalent connection. The linked pair is the "glue" that keeps the atoms in molecular units. Two hydrogen atoms with one electron in each's 1s orbital are the building blocks of the compound. The two electrons in the covalent link are shared by both hydrogen atoms, and each one gains an electron configuration like that of helium.
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When methanol dissolves in water; intermolecular forces (IMFs) are formed between the solute and solvent molecules H~ TTH H_0-H methanol (CH3OH) water (HzO) Which intermolecular force below properly identifies the predominant IMF between the methanol molecules and the water molecules in the solution? dispersion interaction dipole-dipole interaction hydrogen bonding ion-dipole interaction ion-ion interaction
1.answer --->In methanol and water hydrogen bonding is present. 2.answer------>level of liquid in left arm is increases. Because solvent flows towards solution through semipermeable membrane during osmosis. 3.answer---->order of reaction with respect to [NO ] is 2, When methanol dissolves in water; intermolecular forces (IMFs) are formed between the solute and solvent molecules H~ TTH H_0-H methanol (CH3OH) water (HzO)
Methanol, the most basic form of alcohol (CH3OH), serves as the chemical basis for countless items used in daily life, such as paints, plastics, automobile components, and building supplies. In addition, methanol is a clean energy source that powers fuel cells, boilers, ships, vehicles, trucks, buses, and cook stoves. Methanol is a highly toxic substance. For a youngster, even 2 tablespoons (30 milliliters) can be fatal. Adults can die from drinking as little as 2 to 8 ounces (60 to 240 milliliters). Despite medical intervention, blindness is frequently permanent.
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how is the bond between two atoms discussed in this section similar to a spring between two students?
Answer:
The spring between two students means that your are connected to each other and friends don't lie.
Explanation:
16. This Volcano has magma that is[viscous, can have pyroclastic flows
and is composed of layers of ash, lava and rock. What type of volcano is
this?
Answer: Based on the description provided, it sounds like the volcano in question is a stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano.
Explanation:
Stratovolcanoes are characterized by having viscous magma that can produce pyroclastic flows (flows of hot ash, gas, and rock) and are made up of layers of ash, lava, and rock. Stratovolcanoes are often cone-shaped and can be quite tall. They are formed through the accumulation of material ejected during eruptions, and they are typically found along plate boundaries where tectonic plates are converging. Some well-known examples of stratovolcanoes include Mount St. Helens, Mount Fuji, and Mount Vesuvius.
Draw Lewis structures and MO diagrams for CN+, CN, and CN-. According to the Lewis model, which species is most stable? According to MO theory, which species is most stable? Do the two theories agree?
Yes, the two theories agree at a point, according to MO theory CN- is most stable species among these three.
Molecular Orbital (MO Theory) is often utilized to explain the bonding in molecules that Valence Bond Theory is unable to. These are substances that often involve some sort of resonance. A link may be a hybrid, not single or double, according to resonance. Valence bond theory only describes the bonding of single, double, or triple bonds. This section doesn't explain resonance bonding. The Molecular Orbital Theory's Rules:
First rule: When two atoms combine, they always contribute the same number of atomic orbitals, hence the number of molecular orbitals formed is always equal to that.
Second principle: Antibonding molecule orbitals have greater energies than bonding molecular orbitals, which have lower energies than the parent orbitals.
Third principle: The molecule's electrons are assigned to orbitals ranging in energy from the lowest to the highest in turn.
Fourth principle: When the atomic orbitals have similar energies, they can combine to produce molecular orbitals most efficiently.
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i.) Draw the lewis structure for [CH2NH2]+ ii.) Draw all the resonance structures iii.) Determine the major contributor
Resonance happens when there is a single pair or numerous bonds with a positive and negative charge. Only two structures formed in this instance, with the second structure being more stable than the first.
When another object's vibrations match those of an object, resonance happens, amplifying the oscillations of the first object. In physics, resonance is described as follows: a phenomena when a vibrating system or external force causes another system nearby to vibrate more intensely at a particular operating frequency Lone pairs, also known as unshared pairs or non-bonding pairs, are valence electron pairs in chemistry that are not shared with another atom in a covalent connection.
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ow do you draw a Lewis Structure for SiCl_2Br_2?
Lewis Structure for SiCl₂Br₂
What is a Lewis structure?A Lewis Structure is a greatly condensed illustration of a molecule's valence shell electrons. It is used to display how the electrons are positioned around particular molecules' atoms. When two atoms are bonded together, electrons are depicted as "dots" or as a line. The octet rule and formal charges must be satisfied if the "optimal" electron configuration is to be achieved.
why is Lewis structure important?When used in conjunction with hybrid orbitals, Lewis structures can also be helpful in predicting molecular geometry.
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What does VSEPR stand for?
VSEPR stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory.
\What is VSEPR theory?
Gillespie summarizes the rules of VSEPR theory as follows:
A non-binding domain is larger than a single binding domain. They are more widely distributed than single binding domains and occupy more space in the valence shell. This makes sense, because lonely couples are only affected by one positive core, not two.The size of the single bond domain in the valence shell of the central atom decreases with increasing electronegativity of the ligand.Although it is often convenient to think of double and triple bonds as consisting of one σ or two π bonds, respectively, or two or three curved single bonds, the electron pair domain model Now it's easier to think of the double bond as: Two-electron-pair domains and triple bonds as three-electron-pair domains in which individual electron pairs are indistinguishable. These binding domains increase in size from single to double to triple bonds.Therefore, VSEPR stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory.
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Rutherford's gold foil experiment determined that neutrons are in the nucleus_ B) electrons have a negative charge. C) most of the space in an atom is empty except for a concentrated area called the nucleus: D) protons and neutrons have about the same mass: E) neutrons have no charge.
c)Rutherford's gold foil experiment determined that neutrons are in the nucleus most of the space in an atom is empty except for a concentrated area called the nucleus.
Rutherford's gold foil experiment was one of the most important experiments in the history of atomic physics. In this experiment, he bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles. The alpha particles were deflected by the gold foil, which indicated that most of the atom was an empty space. However, some of the alpha particles were deflected at sharp angles, which indicated that there was a concentrated area in the atom, which he called the nucleus.
This experiment also showed that the nucleus was made up of protons and neutrons and that the protons had a positive charge and the electrons had a negative charge. The experiment also showed that protons and neutrons had about the same mass and that neutrons had no charge. From this experiment, Rutherford was able to conclude that the nucleus of an atom was made up of protons and neutrons and that the neutrons were in the nucleus.
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how does the graph of a system of equations with one solution differe from the graph of a system of equations with infinetly many solutions or no solutions
The assertion claims that the graphs of a subject with an unlimited number of options is a single statement.
The use of equations in chemistry:Reaction equation demonstrate the end results of reactions as well as their formation. They are helpful in predicting reaction products. We can anticipate the outcome of the reaction between magnesium (a metal) and hydrochloric (a acid, of course!) using this method.
How are chemical equations created?In between the formulas of the reactants, a plus (+) symbol is placed. On the right side, the reactions are written in terms on chemical symbols or molecular formulas. The product formulas are separated by a plus (+) symbol.
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a silver (ag) electrode in a solution of agnog is set up on the anode side of a voltaic cell. it's attached to the cathode side by a salt bridge and a voltmeter. which metal must be formed on the cathode side in order to produce a positive voltage? o zn o ai o na o cu o au
(Au) must be formed on the cathode side in order to produce a positive voltage.
Redox reactions include a change in the oxidation state of both the substrate. When electrons are lost or the oxidation state increases, it is called oxidation; when they are gained or the oxidation state decreases, it is called reduction.
A chemical process called oxidation occurs. As a result of atoms as well as groups of atoms losing electrons, it is described as a process. The addition or loss of oxygen as well as hydrogen in a chemical species would be another method to describe oxidation.
At anode oxidation occur, so Ag in oxidized at anode
Ag → Ag + 1e E°oxi = -0.80v
Xn⁺ + ne → Xn(s) E°red = x
E°cell = E°oxi + E°red
= -0.80 + x
So, x > 0.80 v
Here, Positive voltage x > 0.80 v, Which is only positive in case of Au (E°red = + 1.50 v)
So Last option E is the correct one.
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if 8.00 g of pentane is mixed with 10.0 g of oxygen, which is the limiting reactant? (hint: compare it to either of the products).
Pentane is the limiting reactant.
C5H12 (l) + 8O2 → 5Co2 (g) + 6H2O (g)
1mol. of C5H12. reacts with. 8mol of O2
Molar mass of C5H12 = 8 g/mol
Molar mass of O2 = 10g/mol
8 g of C5H12 reacts with 8 × 32 = 256 g of O2
10 g of C5H12 reacts with 256 × 10/8 = 320 g of O2
Limiting reagent is the substance which is not consumed when the chemical reaction is complete.
Pentane is the limiting reactant.
The first liquid among the alkanes, pentane is a colorless, flammable liquid that is lighter than water. At 900 ppm, it can be smelled, and at 5000 ppm, there is a substantial amount of odour strength. There are two other isomers that it can take, namely isopentane [(CH3)2CHCH2CH3] and neopentane [C(CH3)4]. It appears that straight-chain pentane and isopentane (2-methylbutane) have similar physical and physiological properties. In terms of its physical and physiological properties, neopentane (2,2-dimethylpropane) is comparable to butane. C5 pentane in air is equivalent to 3 mg m3 per part per million. A naturally occurring component of the main paraffin portion of crude oil and also present in natural gas, pentane is a five-carbon aliphatic molecule.
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pof3 lewis structure
The shape of POF3 Lewis structure is tetrahedral.
Each atom is represented by its chemical symbol in Lewis structures, along with its location within the molecule. Atoms connected by bonds are separated by lines (pairs of dots can be used instead of lines). In addition to the atoms, extra electrons that form lone pairs are shown as pairs of dots.
Hydrogen (H) can only form bonds in which two electrons are shared, whereas main group elements of the second period and beyond often react by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons until they have reached a valence shell electron configuration with a full octet of electrons.
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I’m very confused please help me tourer
Answer:
what is ur question hopefully i can help : )
Explanation:
ACL tender point location
We have ACL tender points in front of and behind our knee.These are located in the medial and lateral quadrants of the superior popliteal cavity.
What are ACL tender points?
Trigger points in the thigh muscles can cause pain in the thighs and knees. The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the body. The muscles that power the femur, quadriceps, hamstrings, and iliopsoas are also the largest and strongest muscles in the body. These thigh muscles connect the femur to the lower leg bones, the tibia and fibula, at the knee joint. Quadriceps trigger points are the most common cause of trigger point knee pain.
Healthy muscle fibers neither contract nor stretch at rest. Muscle fibers move closer together when contracted and move apart when stretched. In muscles that cause trigger point pain, the fibers are knotted and in constant contraction. The fibers around these knots are stretched by excessive tension, causing the muscle fibers to tighten.
Therefore, We have ACL tender points in front of and behind our knee. These are located in the medial and lateral quadrants of the superior popliteal cavity.
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The complete question is:
Where are ACL tender point located?
use the mo diagram given to find the bond order and predict whether h2- exists.
Using the molecular orbital diagram as shown in the image attached to this answer, the hydrogen molecule anion can exist.
What is a molecular orbital diagram?We define the molecular orbital diagram as the diagram that shows the way that the atoms of the elements are able to interact to form molecules. We know that the molecules are said to be formed by the combination of the atomic orbitals. The number of atomic orbitals that were combined is equal to the number of molecular orbitals that can be produced by the reaction.
Now we know that the two electrons of the hydrogen molecue woud be found in a bonding molecular orbital. As such, the added electron would have to go into an anti bonding molecular orbital. The bond order of the hydrogen molecule anion is then obtained as;
1/2( 2 - 1) = 0.5
The bond order is above zero thus the specie is able to exist.
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Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) is a strong electrolyte. What species are present in Na2SO4(aq)?
In the actual acquia solution, Na2SO4 contains water molecules, sodium sulphate ions, and sulfate ions (aq).
Where can one find Na2SO4?Natural brines and crystalline deposits that can be found in Texas and California are used to manufacture natural sodium sulfate. Additionally, it is a component of salt lakes like the Great Salt Lake in Utah. Recovered as a by-product of several manufacturing processes is synthetic sodium sulfate.
Is nacl or Na2SO4 a powerful electrolyte?Water molecules surround the cations and anions in the solution. Strong electrolytes include sodium chloride and sodium sulfate. Each ion of that type is surrounded by a number of water molecules, as indicated by the "(aq)" after the ion.
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what reagents are needed to convert (s)-3-methyl-3-phenylpentaoic acid to (s)-3-methyl-3-phenylpetanamine
1. SOCl2/pyridine
2. NH3
3. LiAlH4
4. H2O
SOCl2/pyridine is added to (S)-3-methyl-3-phenylpentanoic acid first in order to convert it to (5)-3-methyl-3-phenylpentanamine.
The carbonyl carbon is then reduced to an alkane by adding NH3 after which LiAlH4 is added. The mechanism is finished by the addition of water, which causes the product to form.
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the henderson-hasselbach equation may be used to calculate the ph at any point in a titration. group of answer choices false true
True, The following problem illustrates how the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used to determine how much acid and conjugate base should be combined to create a buffer solution with a specific pH.
Using M = mol/L, we can calculate the moles of acetic acid, giving us mol = ML = (2M) * (0.5L) = 1mol acetic acid. When the concentration of the conjugate base (acetate) equals the concentration of acid, as shown by the Hendersen-Hasselbach equation, the pH equals the pKa. The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation is employed to determine a solution's pH. For many chemical reactions as well as for biological systems, knowing the pH of a solution is crucial. The estimated pH value of a buffer solution can be determined using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The following problem illustrates how the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used to determine how much acid and conjugate base should be combined to create a buffer solution with a specific pH. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation explains the link between the acid dissociation constant (pKa), a measure of acidity, and pH in biological and chemical systems. The equation is particularly helpful for determining the equilibrium pH in acid-base processes and predicting the pH of buffer solution.
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what volume of carbon dioxide, measured at 25 °c and 741 torr, can be obtained by the reaction of 50.0 g of caco3 with 750 ml of 2.00m hcl solution? CaCO3(s) + HCL(aq) => CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O (unbalanced)
a. 11.2 L
b. 12.5 L
c. 18.8 L
d. 9.4 L
e. 6.25 L
The volume of the carbon dioxide that is produced in the reaction is 12.5 L. Option B
What is the volume of carbon dioxide?We know that a chemical reaction is said to occur when there is a combination of one or more reactants. We have to first obtain the limiting reactant in this case.
Number of moles of calcium carbonate = 50.0 g/100 g/mol
= 0.5 moles
Number of moles of HCl = 750/1000 * 2 = 1.5 moles
If 1 moles of carbonate reacts with 2 moles of HCl
0.5 moles of carbonate reacts with 0.5 moles * 2 moles/1
= 1 mole
The limiting reactant is the carbonate
If 2 moles of carbonate produces 1 moles of carbon dioxide
0.5 moles of carbonate produces 0.5 * 1/2
= 0.5 moles of carbon dioxide
Using PV =nRT
P = pressure
V = volume
n = Number of moles
R = gas constant
T = temperature
V = nRT/P
V = 0.5 * 0.082 * 298/0.975
V = 12.5 L
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OuICOMES 4. Give the number of core electrons for Cd, A) 44 B) 48 C) 46 D) 45 E) 47 5. Give the number of valence electrons for Cd A) 8 B) 10 C) 12 D) 2 E) 6
Option (c) and option (d) are correct. Number of core electrons for Cd is 46 and valence electrons for Cd is 2.
Core electrons defined as the electrons in an atom that are not valence electrons and do not participate in chemical bonding. The nucleus and the core electrons of an atom form the atomic core. Core electrons are tightly bound to the nucleus.
Core electrons = total number of electrons - valence electrons
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell or energy level of an atom
Valence electrons = electrons in outer shell
Electronic configuration of Cd = [Kr] 5s2 4d10
The highest principal number is 5 which have 2 electrons . Therefore valence electrons is 2.
Core electrons for Cd = 48 - 2 = 46
so, the number of valence electrons for cd is 2.
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Which of the following solutions do they have the maximum osmotic pressure and why?
1) 0.1 m ( molal conc.) glucose
2) 0.1 m sucrose
3) 0.5 m glucose
4) 0.2 m sucrose
Since NaCl produces the most ions, it will exhibit the highest osmotic pressure.
Osmotic pressure: What is it?
The osmotic pressure is the least amount of pressure that must be given to a solution in order to block the passage of the solution's pure solvent through a semipermeable membrane.
How is osmotic pressure determined?
Temperature and concentration both have an impact on osmotic pressure. Temperature and solute concentration both have an impact on how much pressure is generated when water moves through a membrane. Osmotic pressure rises with temperature and concentration.
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8. (a) if 10 % of a light beam is transmitted through a solution of dye when the path length is 1 cm, what is the absorbance? (b) if the same solution is now placed in a cell with a path length of 10 cm, what fraction will be transmitted? (c) if the dye has a molar decadic extinction coefficient
(a) The absorbance (A) of the solution is calculated using the Beer-Lambert Law:
A = -log(I/I0)
Where I is the intensity of the light passing through the solution and I0 is the intensity of the light absorbed by the solution.
Given that 10% of the light is transmitted, we can say that I/I0 = 0.1. Plugging this into the Beer-Lambert Law equation, we get:
A = -log(0.1) = 1
(b) The fraction of light transmitted through the solution when the path length is 10 cm can be calculated using the Beer-Lambert Law:
A = -log(I/I0)
I/I0 = 10-A
Where A is the absorbance at the given path length and I0 is the intensity of the light absorbed by the solution.
Since the absorbance at the given path length is 1, we can say that I/I0 = 10-1 = 0.1. Therefore, the fraction of light transmitted through the solution when the path length is 10 cm is 0.1.
(c) The concentration of the dye can be calculated using the molar decadic extinction coefficient (ε):
C = A/(εL)
Where A is the absorbance of the solution, ε is the molar decadic extinction coefficient and L is the path length of the solution.
Given that the absorbance of the solution is 1, the molar decadic extinction coefficient is 100,000, and the path length is 1 cm, we can calculate the concentration of the dye:
C = 1/(100,000 x 1 cm) = 0.00001 M
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