The number of grams of aluminum required to prepare 125.0 g of chromium metal by the first reaction is approximately 32.4 g.
To calculate the number of grams of aluminum required to prepare 125.0 g of chromium metal, you need to balance the chemical equation for the reaction between aluminum and chromium oxide to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction.
Here is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction:
Al + Cr2O3 -> 2 Cr + Al2O3
From the balanced equation, we can see that for every mole of aluminum that reacts, 2 moles of chromium are produced. We can use the molar masses of aluminum and chromium to determine the mass of aluminum required to produce a given mass of chromium.
The molar mass of aluminum is 26.98 g/mol, and the molar mass of chromium is 52.00 g/mol. Using these values, we can calculate the mass of aluminum required to produce 125.0 g of chromium as follows:
125.0 g Cr / 52.00 g/mol = 2.40 moles Cr
2.40 moles Cr * (1 mole Al / 2 moles Cr) = 1.20 moles Al
1.20 moles Al * 26.98 g/mol = 32.4 g Al
Therefore, the number of grams of aluminum required to prepare 125.0 g of chromium metal by the first reaction is approximately 32.4 g.
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the splitting of the uranium atom is called . radioactive cleavage nuclear fission nuclear fusion radioactive merge half life
the splitting of the uranium atom is called nuclear fission.
Fission occurs when a neutron slams into a larger atom, forcing it to excite and split into two smaller atoms also known as fission products. Additional neutrons are also released that can initiate a chain reaction. When each atom splits, a tremendous amount of energy is released.
Nuclear fission is more dangerous than fusion as it produces harmful weapons-grade radioactive waste in the fuel rods that need to be stored safely away for thousands of years.
Fission is the splitting of a heavy, unstable nucleus into two lighter nuclei, and fusion is the process where two light nuclei combine together releasing vast amounts of energy. While different, the two processes have an important role in the past, present and future of energy creation.
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1.0 mole of a gas is enclosed in a 12.3 liter cylinder with a moveable piston at 300 K and 2.0 atm. Half of the gas is removed, leaving 0.50 mole in the cylinder and the system is warmed to 900 K. The cylinder changes volume to maintain constant pressure. What is the volume in the final system?
Answer: It's 18.45
Explanation:
What is the condensed structural formula for 2, 2-dimethylbutane?
Answer:
CH₃C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₃
Explanation:
2,2-Dimethylbutane has a four-carbon chain with two methyl groups on C-2. The condensed structural formula is CH₃C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₃. Note that the two CH₃ groups are enclosed in parentheses after the carbon atom to which they are attached.
draw the product of the reaction between 1-pentyne and li in liquid nh3, then ch2i2/zn(cu).
The product of the reaction between 1-pentyne and li in liquid nh3, then ch2i2/zn(cu) results in the formation of 1-penetene.
Alkenes having the chemical formula C 5H are pentene. Each molecule's molecular structure consists of one double bond. There are six different compounds in this class, and they are distinguished from one another by the shape of the double bond and whether the carbon atoms are linked linearly or in a branching arrangement. Alpha-olefins include 1-pentene. Most frequently, 1-pentene is produced as a byproduct of the catalytic or thermal cracking of petroleum, or during the thermal cracking of hydrocarbon fractions to produce ethylene and propylene. Sasol Ltd. is the sole producer of 1-pentene on a commercial scale, and it uses the Fischer-Tropsch technique to extract it from petroleum. Cis-2-pentene and trans-2-pentene are the two geometric isomers of 2-pentene. Olefin metathesis uses cis-2-pentene. Two-methylbut-1-ene, three-methylbut-1-ene (isopentene), and two-methylbut-2-ene are the branching isomers (isoamylene). One of the three primary byproducts of deep catalytic cracking (DCC), which operates very similarly to fluid catalytic cracking, is isoamylene (FCC). Vacuum gas oil (VGO) is the main feedstock used by the DCC to create propylene, isobutylene, and isoamylene. The growth of the DCC, which is run very similarly to the FCC, has been driven by the increase in demand for polypropylene.
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What are the correct number of electrons, protons and neutrons respectively in O^2− ion of the isotope O?
The number of subatomic particles present in the isotope O⁻² :
Protons = 8 (Z=8)
Electrons = 10
Neutrons = 8
The number of electrons, protons of neutrons for a particular element in its uncharged state can be found out using its Atomic number( as Z = No. of protons).
For the stability of element the number of electrons and the number of protons present in the atom of an element are equal. While the number of neutrons present in the atom can be found out by subtracting the Atomic number from the atomic mass(as A= no. of neutrons + protons)
To attain the stable valence configuration atoms may loose or attain electrons changing them to a charged ion.
The Atomic no.(Z) of Oxygen is 8, the electronic configuration of Oxygen is
2,6 so Oxygen gains 2 e⁻ to attain the stable valance shell 2,8.
Thus Oxygen a charge of 2⁻.
Then,
The number of protons present in the isotope O⁻² is 8 (Z)
The number of electrons present in the isotope O⁻² is 8 +2 = 10 (Due to the gain of the 2 additional e⁻)
The number of Neutrons present in the isotope O⁻² is A -Z; A= 8
Z=8; A=16;
Thus,
The number of Neutrons present in the io, O⁻² is 16-8Z; = 8
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consider a simple cubic (a.k.a, primitive cubic) unit cell as shown here.
Cubic Unit Cells. Eight atoms, which represent the real cube, define the simple cubic unit cell. Since they are corner atoms, each one only adds an eighth of an atom to the unit cell, giving us a total of just one net atom.
What is a primitive cubic cell?
Each simple cubic unit cell in the primitive cubic lattice (cP) has a total of one lattice point since there is one lattice point on each of the cube's four corners. The unit cell contains one atom overall (18 8), because each atom at a lattice point is subsequently distributed equally among eight neighbouring cubes.
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Write the chemical formula for (a) ruthenium(III) sulfide (b) scandium fluoride (c) osmium(VIII) oxide (d) manganese(II) sulfide (e) platinum(IV) chloride.
The chemical formula for ruthenium (III) sulfide, scandium fluoride, osmium (VIII) oxide, manganese (II) sulfide, and platinum (IV) chloride are Ru₂S₃, ScF₃, OsO₄, MnS, and PtCl₄.
Ionic compounds are formed from metal and non-metal ions. The metal ions have positive ions and the non-metal ions have negative ions. To achieve stability, they use electrons together. The name of the ionic compound called the chemical formula.
A. Ruthenium (III) sulfide
Positive ion ruthenium (III) = Ru⁺³B. Scandium fluoride
Positive ion scandium = Sc⁺³C. Osmium (VIII) oxide
Positive ion osmium (VIII) = Os⁺⁸D. Manganese (II) sulfide
Positive ion manganese (II) = Mn⁺²E. Platinum (IV) chloride
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what is the emf generated by an cu-co electrode pair in a 1 molar solution of ions at standard temperature? answer in volts.
An pt-cu electrode pair in a 1 molar solution of ions at room temperature produces an emf of 4.124 v.
The temperature of a substance is defined as the sum of the kinetic energies of all its atoms or molecules. As a result of withdrawing energy, atoms and molecules move less quickly, which causes the temperature to drop (cooling). The three temperature scales that are now in use are Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin.
E-cell = E-cathode-E-anode, or 1.2-(-2.924) = 1.2+2.924 = 4.124 v
4.124 v for E° cell
What is the SI equivalent of EMF?Volt is used to measure electromotive force. The number of Joules of energy provided by the source divided by each Coulomb to permit a unit electric charge is how electromagnetic fields are mathematically expressed.
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a sample prepared using the solvent and any other chemicals in the sample solutions, but not the absorbing substance
blank: a sample created without the absorbing agent utilizing only the solvents and any other compounds present in the sample solutions.
What does it mean to measure how much light a sample absorbs?A technique called spectrophotometry uses light intensity measurements as a ray of light travels through a sample solution to determine the amount that a chemical compound absorbs light.
What does spectrophotometry mean by absorbance?The amount of light absorption by a solution is measured by its absorbance (A), often referred to as optical density (OD).The amount of light that may flow through a solution is called its transmittance.
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Draw Lewis structure for an isomer of C3H6O2 that is a carboxylic acid, and draw another Lewis structure for an isomer of C3H6O2 that is an ester.
The most crucial functional group found in C=O are the carboxylic acids. Different methods, including certain carboxylic acids, can be used to obtain this sort of organic molecule.
In Lewis structures, formal charge is assigned to atoms according to the following rule or formula: Formal charge is equal to the amount of valence electrons minus (lone pair electrons plus half the number of bonding electrons). It's important to note that "lone pair electrons" are also referred to as "nonbonding pairs" or "unshared pairs". carboxylic acids. rule to keep in mind is that the net charge on a molecule or ion must match the sum of the formal charges of the Lewis structure of the molecule or ion. If not, there is an error in either the official charge assignments or the charges themselves.
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citric acid, the compound responsible for the sour taste of lemons, has the following elemental composition: cc, 37.51%%; hh, 4.20%%; oo, 58.29%%. calculate the empirical formula of citric acid.
The compound responsible for the sour taste of lemons, has the empirical formula C₆H₈O₇.
given that :
Carbon = 37.51 %
hydrogen = 4.20 %
oxygen = 58.29 %
moles of the carbon ,C = mass / molar mass
= 37.51 / 12
= 3.12 mol
moles of the hydrogen , H = 4.20 / 1
= 4.20 mol
moles of the oxygen , O = 58.29 / 16
= 3.64 mol
diving by the smallest one :
C = 3.12 / 3.12 = 1
H = 4.20 / 3.12 = 1.33
O = 58.29 / 3.12 = 1.17
by diving by the 6 we get : C₆H₈O₇
The empirical formula is C₆H₈O₇
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this figure is an example of a(n) _____.
The picture depicts an organic complex made up of a molecule of glycerol and serves as an illustration of a saturated fat.
Explain what a molecule is?A molecule is the simplest unit of a material that keeps its content and properties. It is made up of two or maybe more atoms that are joined together by chemical bonds. Chemistry is built on molecules. The component symbol and a prefix indicating the amount of atoms are used to identify molecules.
Is oxygen an atom or a molecule?In nature, oxygen exists as a molecule. To create dioxygen, or O2, two oxygen atoms must make a solid double bond with one another. Typically, oxygen exists as a molecule. It has the name dioxygen.
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What is the net charge on the amino acid glycine at pH 7? at pH 12?
Explanation:
The chemical formula for the amino acid glycine is;
[tex] \bold{HOOC—CH_2—NH_2} [/tex]
In solution, the acidic part of the molecule that is [tex] \bold{COOH} [/tex] donates a proton [tex] {H}^{+} [/tex] which is accepted by the basic side of the molecule which is [tex] \bold{NH_2} [/tex]. The molecule in solution becomes:[tex]\bold{ ^ - OOC—CH_2—{NH_3}^{+}}[/tex]
In this state both negative and positive charges cancel out and the net charge on the molecule becomes zero.At a pH of 7 ( neutral state), both negative and positive charges cancel out on each each and the net charge becomes zero[tex]\bold{ ^ - OOC—CH_2—{NH_3}^{+}}[/tex]
At a pH of 12( basic state), there are more [tex] \bold{{OH}^{-}} [/tex] ions present than [tex] {H}^{+} [/tex] ions, the [tex]\bold{{OH}^{-}} [/tex] ions draws a proton from [tex] {NH_3}^{+} [/tex] making it neutral leaving the other part of the molecule negatively charged that's [tex]\bold{{COO}^{-}} [/tex]. Thus the net charge on the molecule becomes negative ( -1).[tex] ^-OOC—CH_2—{NH_3}^{+} + {OH}^{-} \: \rightarrow ^ - OOC—CH_2—{NH_2} \: + H_2O \\[/tex]
a glucose solution being administered with an iv has a flow rate of 4.00cm3/min4.00cm3/min . what will the new flow rate be if the glucose is replaced by whole blood having the same density but a viscosity 2.50 times that of the glucose? all other factors remain constant.
If glucose is substituted with whole blood that is the same density but has a viscosity that is 2.50 times that of glucose, the new flow rate will be 1.60cm3/mm.
Q=V/t
Q=Av
R=8ql/πr⁴
Q=P₂ -P₁/R
Q=(P₂ -P₁)πr⁴/8ql
(P₁+(1/2)ρv²+ρgh)Q=power
P₁+(1/2)ρv₁²+ρgh₁=P₂+(1/2)ρv₂²+ρgh₂
Q[tex]_{g}[/tex]R[tex]_{g}[/tex]=Q[tex]_{b}[/tex]R[tex]_{b}[/tex]
Q[tex]_{b}[/tex]=Q[tex]_{g}[/tex]R[tex]_{g}[/tex]/R[tex]_{b}[/tex]
=4.00/2.5=1.60cm³/mm
Viscosity is a fluid's (liquid or gas) resistance to a change in shape or motion of adjacent parts with respect to one another. Viscosity indicates resistance to flow.
viscosity is the ability of a fluid (liquid or gas) to resist change in form or motion of adjacent parts with respect to one another. Viscosity indicates resistance to flow. The fluidity, which measures how easily something may flow, is the reciprocal of viscosity. The viscosity of molasses, for instance, is higher than that of water. Viscosity can be thought of as internal friction between the molecules; this friction prevents the development of velocity disparities within a fluid since a section of a fluid that is compelled to move carries along nearby parts to some degree.
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this energy diagram shows the allowed energy levels of an electron in a certain atom or molecule:
1) The ground state of the atom is A
2) There are two excited states
3) There are three lines in the line spectrum
4) The transition A - B has the shortest wavelength
5) The transition that has the longest wavelength is B - C
What is the energy diagram?We know that the energy diagram has to do with the manner in which the electrons that are in the atom can be arranged into specific energy levels. The energies levels would always begin at the ground state which is the lowest energy level.
The other higher energy levels that are above the ground state of the atom can be said to be the excited states of the atom or the molecules as the case may be. The energy level diagram of a certain atom or molecule has been shown in the image that is attached.
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Which of the following has a standard Gibbs free energy of formation equal to zero? (i) Br2le) (ii) O2 (ii) NaOH (s) O (ii) only O (i) only O (i) and (ii) O (ii) and (iii) O (i), (ii), and (iii) O (ii) only
Answer:
3
Explanation:
there element are approximately together and substitute themselves
Draw the electron configuration for a neutral atom of vanadium.
The electronic configuration of vanadium can be written as, [Ar] 3d³ 4s²
as the neutral atom of vanadium is Argon.
The chemical element vanadium has the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery-grey, malleable transition metal. The elemental metal is rarely found in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer somewhat stabilizes the free metal against further oxidation. Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in atomic orbitals. It shows the electrons in numbers, It doesn’t show the details on the spin of electrons like the orbital diagram. Electronic configuration of the Vanadium atom in ascending order of orbital energies,
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3
The neutral atom of vanadium is Argon. so, the electronic configuration of vanadium can also be written as,
[Ar] 3d³ 4s²
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Why is balancing chemical equations important?
Answer:
Pls rate as brainliest
Explanation:
This is because it tells about the number of moles reacting and producing. Also, it tells the amount of electrons transferred from one compound to another. Balancing/ balanced equation also tells about the energy changes that take place.
11. The boiling point of ethanol, C2H5OH, is 78.5°C. and the boiling point for dimethyl ether, CH3OCH3, is-24.0 °C. Explain why you should expect C2H5OH to have a higher boiling point than CH3OCH3 in three sentences or less.
Ethanol has a higher boiling point than dimethyl ether due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
Why ethanol has a higher boiling point than dimethyl ether when both have the same molecular weight?In ethanol, the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group is attached to an electronegative oxygen atom. Due to this reason, the hydrogen is free to form hydrogen bonding with other ethanol molecules. The hydrogens of dimethyl ether are bound with a carbon atom which is not electronegative. Hence, the hydrogens do not form any intermolecular hydrogen bonding with other dimethyl ether molecules. This is why ethanol boils at a higher temperature compared to dimethyl ether.
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how many seconds are in 5.29 years
There are 166,825,440 seconds in 5.29 years.
To calculate how many seconds there are in 5.29 years, we first need to find out how many seconds there are in a year. To do that, we need to multiply the number of days within a year, the number of hours within a day, the number of minutes within a day, and the number of seconds within a minute.
1 year = 365 x 24 x 60 x 60
= 31,536,000 seconds
Once we know that, multiply that number of seconds by the number of years in the question, which is 5.29 years.
= 31,536,000 x 5.29
= 166,825,440 seconds.
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which type of crystalline solid is characterized by high mobility of electrons throughout the solid?
Metals are excellent conductors of electricity because electrons can travel freely throughout the entire solid. Metals are excellent at distributing energy, which contributes to their high electron mobility and their ability to conduct heat.
Glass and plastic are frequent examples of this type of solid. Four different varieties of crystalline solids exist: Solids with ions— electrostatic forces hold the positive and negative ions that make up the substance together. They have poor solid-state conductivity and extremely high melting points and brittleness.
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1. Write the letter of the following true statements. And also, write corrected versions for any false statements.
A. The pH of an alkaline solution is less than 7.
B. The more acidic a solution, the higher the pH.
C. You can use universal indicator to find out the pH of a solution.
D. Alkalis are the substances which are soapy to touch and sweet in taste.
2. A student has a glass of essential oil. Its volume is 50 ml. It has a mass of 40 g. Use the equation below to calculate its density.
density = mass/ volume
A. False (The pH of an alkaline solution is greater than 7.)
B. True
C. True
D. False (Alkalis are usually soapy to touch and have a bitter or metallic taste.)
Corrected versions:
A. The pH of an alkaline solution is greater than 7.
D. Alkalis are usually soapy to touch and have a bitter or metallic taste.
Calculation:
To calculate the density of the essential oil, you would use the following equation:
density = mass/volume
Plugging in the given values, you would get:
density = 40 g/50 ml = 0.8 g/ml
What is the electron configuration for a neutral atom of manganese?
A manganese neutral atom has the following ground-state electron configuration: 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, and 4s2, 3d5.
How do you determine the configuration of an electron?The shell number (n) is the first symbol used to represent an electron configuration, followed by the kind of orbital and the superscript number of electrons in the orbital. Consider this: The periodic table shows that oxygen has eight electrons.
What does 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p mean?The electric orbitals' energy levels are 1s, 2s, and 3s. One atom may have numerous electronic orbitals, and as a result, different quantum numbers are used to classify different energy levels: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p. 4s 3d 4p. We can understand what the ω momentum quantum number l means.
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calculate the frequency of light produced from a wave length of 450 x 10^-9m
The formula for frequency in terms on time is as follows: f = 1/T, where f seems to be the frequency expressed in hertz and T is the duration of one cycle expressed in seconds. 4.5 × 10-7 meters .
What is the light's frequency?The range of the frequency of visible light is roughly 400 to 700 THz.A Terahertz, or THz, is a frequency measurement equal to the one trillion Hertz.the range of electromagnetic fields.
What is the speed of light equation?One universal physical characteristic that really is significant in many branches of physics is the speed if light in a vacuum, typically abbreviated as c.The exact value of the speed of light, c, is 299,792,458 meters per second.
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1- list the definition of defense mechanisms: a. sublimation b. reaction formation c. displacement d. repression e. denial f. projection g. identification h. introjection i. undoing
List the definition of defense mechanisms: denial, repression, projection, displacement, regression, sublimation, rationalization, reaction formation, introjection & identification.
Explain the defense mechanisms ?According to psychoanalytic theory, a defense mechanism is an unconscious psychological process that guards against anxiety-inducing thoughts and sensations associated with internal conflicts and external pressures.Depending on the situation and how often it is utilized, defense mechanisms can have either helpful or detrimental effects. Defense mechanisms, or Abwehrmechanismen in German, are psychological techniques used by the unconscious mind to control, reject, or distort reality in order to combat anxiety-inducing emotions and undesirable impulses and to preserve one's self-schema or other schemas.Repression, or the hiding of an unpleasant feeling or thought from one's awareness, even though it might reappear in a symbolic form; identification, or assimilating an object or thought into oneself; and rationalization, or the justification of one's behavior and motivations by substituting "good" acceptable reasons for the actual motivations, are some of the processes that manipulate, deny, or distort reality.Learn more about Defense mechanisms refer to :
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Which of the following has same valence electron as neon?a. carbon (C). b. phosphorus (P). c. nitrogen (N). d. oxygen (O)
Answer: option (b) phosphorus
Explanation: Valence electrons are the total number of electrons that an snippet can partake to form bonds.
Phosphorus is the element that has the same number of valence electrons as nitrogen with both of them having 5 valence electrons.
Carbon has a aggregate of 4 valence electrons.
Neon has a aggregate of 8 valence electrons.
Oxygen has a aggregate of 6 valence electrons
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An electrolyte will yield ions by undergoing a:
An electrolyte will yield ions by Dissolving in water.
Electrolytes:
Some compounds undergo a physical or chemical change that results in ions in solution when they are dissolved in water. These substances belong to the significant class of substances known as electrolytes. Nonelectrolytes are substances that do not produce ions when dissolved. A substance is referred to as a strong electrolyte if the physical or chemical process that produces the ions is virtually 100% effective (all of the dissolved molecule gives ions). Weak electrolytes are those in which only a very small portion of the dissolved substance goes through the ion-producing process.By measuring the electrical conductance of an aqueous solution containing the substance, substances can be classified as strong, weak, or nonelectrolytes. A substance must include freely moving, charged species in order to conduct electricity. Electricity is most commonly conducted through metallic wires, in which case electrons are the moving, charged particles. If dissolved ions are present in a solution, it may also conduct electricity, with conductivity increasing with ion concentration. The relative concentration of dissolved ions can be determined by applying a voltage to electrodes positioned in a solution. This can be done quantitatively by measuring the electrical current flow or qualitatively by examining the brightness of a light bulb incorporated into the circuit.To know more about Electrolytes:
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Determine the total number of valence electrons and draw the Lewis Structure for SF3+. Assign formal charges and determine the electronic geometry and molecular geometry of the central atom
FORMAL CHARGE ON S = +1
Electronic Geometry is Tetrahedral
Molecular Geometry is Trigonal Pyramidal
What is Lewis structure?Lewis structures, often referred to as Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures (LEDS), are diagrams that depict the interactions of atoms inside molecules as well as any lone pairs of electrons that may be present. Any molecule with a covalent link, as well as coordination compounds, can have a Lewis structure. Gilbert N. Lewis, who first described it in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule, gave the Lewis structure its name. Lewis structures add lines between atoms to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond, extending the idea of the electron dot diagram.
Total number of valance electrons in SF3+
= 6(S) + 3 × 7(F) - 1(charge)
= 26 electrons
FORMAL CHARGE ON S = +1
Electronic Geometry is Tetrahedral
Molecular Geometry is Trigonal Pyramidal
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the two reactants shown below are combined to bring about a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
1) Substitution occurs on carbon b
2) The leaving group is g
3) The nucleophile e
What is a nucleophilic substitution reaction?We know that when we are talking about a substitution reaction, we have to be looking at the kind of reaction that is going to occur when a particular moiety leaves a compound and is replaced by another moiety. When the attacking agent in the reaction is a specie that is rich in electrons (either a lone pair or a negative charge) and the attack is on a positive center in the substrate, we say that the reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
The leaving group has to do with the chemical moiety that is seen to depart from the substrate in the course of the reaction while the nucleophile is the specie that attacks the substrate.
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enter your answer in the provided box. what mass of ki is dissolved in 600.0 g of a solution that is 90.0% ki by mass? g ki
540.0 grams mass of KI is dissolved in 600.0 gm of a solution that is 90.0% KI by mass.
The concentration of a solution is defined as the mass of the solute (in this case, KI) divided by the mass of the solvent (in this case, water). Since the solution is 90.0% KI by mass, this means that 90.0% of the mass of the solution is KI and 10.0% of the mass of the solution is water.
Since the mass of the solution is 600.0 g, the mass of KI in the solution is 600.0 g x 90.0% = 540.0 g, and the mass of water in the solution is 600.0 g x 10.0% = 60.0 g.
Therefore, the mass of KI that is dissolved in the solution is 540.0 g.
Therefore, the answer is 540.0 g.
Mass fraction can also be expressed as a percentage of mass with a denominator of 100. (often referred to as percentage by weight in commercial contexts; see mass versus weight). Two other methods for describing the composition of a mixture in an arbitrary size are the mole fraction (percentage by moles, mol%) and the volume fraction (percentage by volume, vol%). When the prevalences of interest are those of particular chemical elements rather than compounds or other substances, the phrase "mass fraction" can also refer to the ratio of an element's mass to the total mass of a sample. Another term that might be used in similar contexts is mass percent composition. The term "quantity" is not used to describe this amount. In textbooks for younger pupils in particular, this inaccurate name is still used.
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