The correct option is A; Addition of methyl or acetyl groups to lysine's located in the histone tail DNA becomes less accessible to transcription factors as chromatin is compressed into the main nucleosome form.
However, when this chromatin structure becomes more lax, transcription is encouraged because the access of the transcription machinery to the genomic DNA is improved.
All RNA polymerase II-mediated features of transcription are significantly hampered by chromatin shape. Through a number of mechanisms, such as histone modification, chromatin remodelling, histone variant inclusion, and histone eviction, the dynamics of chromatin structure are closely regulated.
Heterochromatin structure can change as a result of epigenetic alterations to histone proteins, such as acetylation and deacetylation, which can activate or repress transcription. The compound of DNA and proteins found in eukaryotic cells' nuclei is called chromatin. Thus, chromatin modifications are necessary for gene expression.
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Full Question;
Which one of the following can lead to changes in chromatin structure and is often associated with activation of transcription?
a) addition of methyl or acetyl groups to lysines located in the histone tail
b) methylation or acetylation of the phosphodiester link between cytosine and guanine
c) methylation of RNA polymerase
d) addition of lysine to CpG sites along the histone tail
e) the presence of cytosine and guanine in a repeating sequence in the histone tail
Cellular processes are occurring in our bodies every second of every day. There are many mechanisms behind the methods of cellular transport. Your task is to read each case summary and determine a suspect based on evidence.
Possible Suspects: Osmosis Sally, Maggie Diffusion, Jenny Active Transport
Crime Description:
The suspect was reported to have quietly entered “CellBuck’s Coffee House” which was sparsely populated on that foggy Saturday morning on March 17, 2012. The first witness reported that the suspect glided into the establishment like a ghost. The suspect was reported to have floated about the room spreading her aromatic charm. The suspect is accused of stealing Mike Hematocyte’s wallet as she charmed him with her hypnotic aroma. The men that she touched during this experience were reported to have been so mesmerized that they could not recall her features. The female witness stated that just before she left, it was as if she was a magician floating through the air as she disappeared from the establishment back into the foggy mist.
The suspect based on evidence is Maggie Diffusion.
What evidence proves that?
The description of the suspect "gliding into the establishment like a ghost" and "floating about the room spreading her aromatic charm" suggest a passive and effortless movement, which is consistent with the mechanism of diffusion.
We know that during diffusion, substances move from an area of high concentration to low concentration, without the use of energy.
Another evidence is the fact that the men who were touched by the suspect were reported to have been "mesmerized" and "could not recall her features" which also suggests a chemical or biological process at work, which could also be related to diffusion of a substance that affected their perception.
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a spore is a reproductive structure that contains a haploid cell and _____.
A spore is a type of reproductive structure that consists of a haploid cell and a protective coating.
A spore is a type of reproductive cell that can develop into a new individual without fusing with another. Spores differ from gametes, which are reproductive cells that must fuse in pairs to form a new individual. Asexual reproduction agents are spores, whereas sexual reproduction agents are gametes. Spores are produced by bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants. Bacterial spores primarily serve as a resting, or dormant, stage in the bacterial life cycle, assisting in bacterium preservation during periods of unfavorable conditions. Bacillus and Clostridium bacteria, several of which are pathogenic, are particularly prone to spore production. Many bacterial spores are extremely long-lived and can germinate even in extreme conditions.
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Question: Positive And Negative Energy Balance A Healthy Weight Can Be Achieved By Increasing Focus On The Importance Of Energy Balance. Determine Whether Each Label Is A Component Of The "Energy Input Or The Energy Output Side Of The Energy Balance Equation Drag The Label To Its Appropriate Classification Energy Input Energy Output Walking With Friends Digesting A
Energy input : digesting of meal, eating a grilled chicken salad.
Energy output : walking with friends, shivering in response to cold( as heat), drinking of wine( increase basal metabolic rate).
What is the relationship between energy input and energy output known as?The ratio of an energy conversion machine's useful output to its input, expressed in energy, is known as energy conversion efficiency (). Chemical, electric power, mechanical work, light (radiation), or heat can be used as inputs or useful outputs.The prevalent climatic conditions, the technique used, and the kind of digestion all affect the energy inputs for anaerobic digestion (thermophilic, mesophilic, etc.). Energy inputs, broadly speaking, comprise the energy equivalents of depreciation on machinery, energy to heat the digestors, and electricity to run the process. Additionally, it might include expenses for gathering, moving, and preparing biomass waste as well as storing gas.
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when we look at rings on a tree, what are we really looking at? group of answer choices cortical cells increasing in size parenchyma cells with alternating large and small areas layers of crushed primary phloem xylem with alternating thick and thin walls
When we look at rings on a tree, what are we really looking at layers of crushed primary phloem xylem with alternating thick and thin walls.
The age of the tree and the climatic conditions during each year of its life can both be determined from these rings. In contrast to the dark rings, which symbolize wood that developed in the late summer and fall, the light rings represent wood that grew in the spring and early summer.
Xylem and phloem, the two main transport systems in plants, make up vascular tissue. Vascular bundles spanning roots, stems, and leaves contain them in all plant organs. Water and dissolved ions are moved up the plant by the xylem, which originates at the roots. The growing roots, leaves, and fruits serve as "sinks" for the metabolites that are transported by phloem from the "sources" of production.
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when you encounter a stressor, the sympathetic nervous system regulates the body to group of answer choices increase heart rate. dilate pupils. dilate coronary arteries. do all of the above.
Raising heart rate by pumping extra blood & oxygen to the muscles, this gets them ready for action. When you are exposed to a stressor, your sympathetic nervous system begins to work.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?The ability of our sympathetic nervous system to react to risky or stressful conditions is its most well-known function. When this happens, our sympathetic nervous system kicks in to help you escape danger by increasing your heart rate, pumping more blood to the parts of your body that need it, and other responses.
What kind of sympathetic nervous system is that?The sympathetic nervous system has the ability to increase blood pressure, enlarge bronchial passageways, decrease large intestine motility, constrict blood vessels, produce pupil dilation, generate goose bumps, and increase heart rate.
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The sympathetic nervous system triggers the body's "fight or flight" reaction when you are exposed to stressors. The goal of this reaction is to have the body ready to deal with threats or prospective threats.
The sympathetic nervous system activates when you come across a stressor?When this happens, your sympathetic nervous system kicks in to help you escape danger by increasing your heart rate, pumping more blood to areas of your body that need it, and other responses.
What impact does the sympathetic nervous system have on heart blood flow?Myocardial blood flow is increased by increased sympathetic activity due to the dilation of coronary resistance arteries. Endothelial function appears to be controlled, at least in part, by this vasodilator response.
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as the evolutionary biologist in charge of a student project to create a phylogenetic tree that better clarified the evolutionary relationships between the species listed in the accompanying figure, you asked the students to pose a question that would be a logical first step to better understand the evolutionary history of the group. which student question would be the best starting point?
b) Can we evaluate evidence to determine the relationships of species D, E, and F? evolutionary history of the group
Evolutionary history refers to the development and diversification of life on Earth over billions of years, as organisms have evolved and adapted to changing environments through natural selection and other processes. It encompasses the genetic, morphological, and behavioral changes that have occurred in different species and lineages over time, as well as the relationships and branching patterns between different groups of organisms. By studying the evolutionary history of different organisms, scientists can gain insight into the processes that have shaped life on Earth, including the role of major events like mass extinctions and the emergence of new evolutionary innovations.
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The full question was :
As the evolutionary biologist in charge of a student project to create a phylogenetic tree that better clarified the evolutionary relationships between the species listed in the accompanying figure, you asked the students to pose a question that would be a logical first step to better understand the evolutionary history of the group. Which student question would be the best starting point?
a) Can we investigate the genetic relationships between species A and G?
b) Can we evaluate evidence to determine the relationships of species D, E, and F?
c) Can we compare DNA evidence for taxa B and C?
d) Can we evaluate the DNA sequence of taxon G?
e) x
Complete the sentence. Changes in normal __________ patterns hurt agricultural and pastoral communities.
movement
harvesting
weather
feeding
Answer:
Explanation:
weather
thinking about how we classify living organisms into domains, which pair of organisms is most closely related?
Organisms that are most closely related are typically those that share the most recent common ancestor. In terms of domains, the Archaea and Eukarya domains are believed to be more closely related to each other than either is to the Bacteria domain.
Therefore, the pair of organisms that are most closely related would be one from the Archaea domain and one from the Eukarya domain.
The three domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. The Archaea and Bacteria domains are both composed of prokaryotic organisms, while the Eukarya domain includes all eukaryotic organisms. Eukaryotes have a distinct nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes lack these structures.
According to molecular and genetic evidence, Archaea and Eukarya are more closely related to each other than either is to Bacteria. Archaea and Eukarya share several features that distinguish them from Bacteria, including similarities in DNA replication, transcription, and translation. They also share some membrane lipids and some similarities in their cell walls.
Therefore, if we were to choose one organism from each of these two domains, they would be expected to share more recent common ancestry than either would with a representative organism from the Bacteria domain.
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Into which two subcategories can bulk transport be divided?A) Endocytosis and osmosisB) Endocytosis and exocytosisC) Exocytosis and passive transportD) Osmosis and facilitated diffusion
The two subcategories can bulk transport be divided are B) Endocytosis and exocytosis.
What are the cell processes of endocytosis and exocytosis?The cell processes of endocytosis and exocytosis make reference to the transport of substances inside the cell in the case of endocytosis and outside the cell in the case of exocytosis, which are fundamental to taking nutrients and eliminating waste products, respectively.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the cell processes of endocytosis and exocytosis are required to obtain nutrients from the media and also to remove byproducts in the cell.
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sweating allows for evaporation which cools the blood (True or False)
The statement "sweating allows for evaporation which cools the blood" is a TRUE statement.
When we sweat, the water on our skin evaporates, taking heat with it and causing our body temperature to decrease. This process is known as evaporative cooling and is one of the main ways our bodies regulate temperature. By cooling the blood, sweating helps to prevent overheating and maintains a healthy body temperature.
The sweating process is started when the nervous system triggers the sweat glands automatically as the body temperature rises. However, sweating may also occurs when one is feeling nervous or is experiencing hyperhidrosis.
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which of the following structures is shared by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? a. intermediate filaments b. plasma membrane surrounding the cytoplasm c. spliceosomes d. mitochondria e. microtubules
The correct answer is option b. The plasma membrane encircles the cytoplasm.
A cell's cytoplasm is surrounded by a thin, semi-permeable barrier known as the plasma membrane. It is composed of proteins, molecules of cholesterol, and a bilayer of phospholipids.
This membrane serves as a barrier that selectively permits some molecules to enter and exit the cell while blocking the entry of other molecules. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane, and both types of cells use it for the same thing.
The plasma membrane, which serves as the cell's outermost layer in prokaryotic organisms, regulates how chemicals enter and exit the cell.
The plasma membrane, which is surrounded by the cell wall in eukaryotic cells, regulates the flow of chemicals into and out of the cell. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have an important structural and functional component called the plasma membrane, which is crucial to the survival of the cells.
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calculate the rates of kinetic energy for (a) blood in the aorta and (b) blood in an average capillary. report your answers in units of w and btu/s. the density of blood is 1.056 g/cm3 .
A-the kinetic energy rate for blood in the aorta is approximately 2067 W or 1.96 BTU/s. B- the kinetic energy rate for blood in an average capillary is approximately 1.32x[tex]10^{-11}[/tex] W or 1.25x[tex]10^{-14}[/tex]BTU/s.
To calculate the kinetic energy rate for blood in the aorta and an average capillary, we need to use the following formula:
KE = (1/2) x m x v. where KE is the kinetic energy, m is the mass, and v is the velocity.
To convert the units of KE to watts (W) and BTU/s, we use the following conversions:
1 W = 1 J/s
1 BTU/s = 1055.06 J/s
(a) Blood in the Aorta:
The velocity of blood in the aorta is approximately 35 cm/s
The cross-sectional area of the aorta varies between individuals and depends on factors such as age, sex, and body size. However, for a typical adult, the cross-sectional area of the aorta is approximately 3.14 cm
Therefore, the mass of blood in the aorta can be calculated as follows:
mass = volume x density
= area x length x density
= (3.14 cm) x (10 cm) x (1.056 [tex]g/cm^{3}[/tex])
= 33.2 g
Now, we can calculate the kinetic energy rate for blood in the aorta:
KE = (1/2) x m x v
= (1/2) x (33.2 g) x (35 cm/s)
= 2067 J/s = 2067 W
= 1.96 BTU/s
Therefore, the kinetic energy rate for blood in the aorta is approximately 2067 W or 1.96 BTU/s.
(b) Blood in an Average Capillary:
The velocity of blood in a capillary is much slower than in the aorta and depends on several factors such as the diameter of the capillary and the viscosity of blood. The velocity of blood in a typical capillary is approximately 0.5 mm/s
The cross-sectional area of a typical capillary is approximately 5x[tex]10^{-5}[/tex]cm
Using the same density of blood (1.056 g/cm3), we can calculate the mass of blood in a capillary as follows:
mass = volume x density
= area x length x density
= (5x[tex]10^{-5}[/tex] cm) x (1 cm) x (1.056 g/cm3)
= 5.28x[tex]10^{-8}[/tex] g
Now, we can calculate the kinetic energy rate for blood in a capillary:
KE = (1/2) x m x v
= (1/2) x 5.28x[tex]10^{-8}[/tex] g) x (0.5 mm/s)
= 1.32x[tex]10^{-11}[/tex]W
= 1.25x[tex]10^{-14}[/tex]BTU/s
Therefore, the kinetic energy rate for blood in an average capillary is approximately 1.32x[tex]10^{-11}[/tex] W or 1.25x[tex]10^{-14}[/tex]BTU/s.
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What are the individual units of DNA called?
The individual units of DNA are called nucleotides.
Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA, which is a complex molecule that carries genetic information in all living organisms. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. There are four different types of nitrogenous bases in DNA: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). The sequence of these bases along the DNA molecule determines the genetic code that is passed on from one generation to the next.
The sugar molecule in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA it is ribose. The phosphate group is a molecule containing phosphorus and oxygen atoms, and it is attached to the sugar molecule. The nitrogenous base is a molecule that contains nitrogen and other elements, and it is also attached to the sugar molecule.
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What terminates the cAMP second messenger system?
The termination of cAMP second messenger system is mainly caused by the enzyme phosphodiesterase, which hydrolyzes cAMP into AMP.
The cAMP second messenger system is a signalling cascade that is activated when a ligand binds to a G-protein coupled receptor. Adenylate cyclase is activated as a consequence, and it converts ATP into cAMP.
The many protein kinases that are then bound and activated by cAMP function to control cellular functions. The enzyme phosphodiesterase, which hydrolyzes cAMP into AMP, is the key factor responsible for this system's termination. Ca2+ triggers phosphodiesterase activation, and cAMP binding controls the enzyme's activity.
As a result, the cell's cAMP concentration is effectively lowered, and the second messenger system is turned off.
Additional mechanisms that might alter the termination of the cAMP second messenger pathway include cAMP hydrolysis by other enzymes such as cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase and adenylate cyclase deactivation by GTPase-activating proteins.
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in snapdragons, red flower color (cr) is incompletely dominant to white (cw); the cr/cw heterozygotes are pink. a red-flowered snapdragon is crossed with a white-flowered one. determine the flower color of: a. the f1 snapdragons b. the f2 snapdragons c. the progeny of a cross of the f1 snapdragons to the red parent
The genotypes of the F1 offspring will all be CR/CW. The F2 snapdragons will have a 1:2:1 genotype ratio of CR/CR:CR/CW:CW/CW. The progeny of a cross of the f1 snapdragons to the red parent is CR/CR:CR/CW and a 1:1 phenotype ratio of red:pink.
a. The F1 snapdragons will be all pink, since the red-flowered parent is homozygous dominant (CR/CR) and the white-flowered parent is homozygous recessive (CW/CW).
b. The f2 snapdragons will have 1:2:1 phenotype ratio of red:pink:white this is because the CR/CW heterozygotes will exhibit the intermediate phenotype of pink.
c. Crossing the F1 snapdragons with the red-flowered parent will result in a 1:1 genotype ratio.
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a 9:3:3:1 ratio of phenotypes in the f2 generation of a dihybrid cross a. indicates that the dihybrid cross is basically equivalent to two independent monohybrid crosses. b. holds true only for genes on the same chromosome. c. is not indicative of independent assortment. d. indicates that an epistatic relationship exists between the two genes under investigation.
a) This 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio is the classic Mendelian ratio for a dihybrid cross in which the alleles of two different genes assort independently into gametes.
Cross involving two contrasting characters is called a dihybrid cross. The two flowers of each trait assort at random and independent of their traits and get randomly as well as independently rearranged in the offspring producing both parental and new combinations of traits.This ratio can be predicted using a Punnett square to reveal possible outcomes of a genetic cross. In the resulting F2 generation: About 9/16 of F2 plants will have round, yellow seeds; 3/16 will have round, green seeds; 3/16 will have wrinkled, yellow seeds; and 1/16 will have wrinkled, green seeds.
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Does the epidermis layer have blood vessels?
This area of skin is dependent mostly on dermis, which is the skin layer that lies immediately underneath the epidermis because it lacks blood vessels.
What does the skin's epidermis mean?The topmost layer of skin in your body is called the epidermis. It defends your body from damage, keeps you hydrated, regenerates skin cells, and includes melanin, which gives your skin its colour.
What in biology is an epidermis?The epidermis is the exterior sheet of cells that covers an organism, specifically the surface mucosa of an animal's skin. It is also the outermost layer of tissue of a plant, with the exception of places where periderm takes its place. 1) These epidermal cells shield the cells underneath them.
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Need this for a assignment please reply ASAP!
The moss and the algae are non vascular plants
The seed plant would be in the same group as the fern
What is the categorization of moss and AlgaeThe moss and the algae belong to the same category of non-vascular plants. They lack true roots, stems, and leaves, and do not have specialized vascular tissues for transporting water and nutrients. In contrast, the fern has true roots, stems, and leaves and contains vascular tissues, so it is categorized as a vascular plant.
Part B: Another organism that would be categorized into the same group as the fern is a seed plant (e.g., gymnosperm or angiosperm). Both ferns and seed plants are vascular plants with true roots, stems, and leaves. However, seed plants differ from ferns in that they produce seeds for reproduction, whereas ferns produce spores.
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Where is the largest percentage of blood in the body found?
Answer:
The greatest volume is found in the venous vasculature.
I Hope this helps... :)
A ______ is the protective covering made up of glial cells.
A protective covering known as the myelin sheath insulates most axons as well. Glial cells with specialised functions form the myelin sheath, which encircles the axon.
The peripheral nervous system's Schwann cells sheath the neurons, while the central nervous system's neurons are insulated by oligodendrocytes. By the time a child is five years old, the majority of the myelination process is finished, but the process continues until the fourth decade of life. The nodes of Ranvier found in myelinated axons allow electrical impulses to spread quickly because of their uniform spacing.
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As men progress through middle adulthood they experience a ________ sperm count and a ________ in testosterone level.a. decline in; decline inb. rise in; rise inc. stabilization in; decline ind. rise in; stabilization ine. decline in; rise in
A loss in fertility is one of the most conspicuous phases of physical ageing that happens in middle majority. Over time, men's sperm counts and testosterone situations decline, and they may start to develop sexual dysfunction that was not apparent when they were youngish.
Middle age is the period of life between the periods of 40 and 65. People go through a number of physical changes known as the middle age spread, or the spread of slate hair and hair loss, wrinkles and age spots, loss of sight and hail, and weight increase, during this time. Our olfactory function deteriorates with age. We not only lose our sense of smell, but also our capacity to distinguish between different smells.
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what structure is highlighted? right ventricle left auricle left ventricle right auricle superior vena cava
Blood flow through the heart is Superior/Inferior Vena Cava → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Aorta.
How would you define blood flow?
The movement of blood through the vessels, from arteries to capillaries and ultimately into veins, is known as blood flow.
Through the superior and inferior vena cava, blood enters the right atrium and then moves to the right ventricle. The blood is then sent to the lungs, where it receives oxygen.
The left atrium is now where oxygen-rich blood enters, followed by the left ventricle and eventually the aorta, which transports blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
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Note: The correct option would be as bellow,
Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in birds and mammals? A. vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary vein. B. vena cava → left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary artery. C. left ventricle → aorta → lungs → systemic circulation. D. vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery
The levels of classification, from broadest to most specific, include: _____
They are, from most broad to most specific, Domains, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, & Species. In the modern classification system, there are eight basic levels.
What is phylum and examples?Phylum is a taxonomic rank in biological categorization, particularly for animals, that comes after Kingdom and before Class. Division is the corresponding rank in plants. The Class Mammalia (mammals), Class Aves (birds), Class Ascidiacea (sea squirts), and other classes are included in the Phylum Chordata. Phylum Chordata is one of the main categories in biological classification, ranking above the Class and below the Kingdom. Compare division sense 8.
How many Phylums are there?Later, the term was modified to phylum. About 35 animal phyla, 12 plant phyla, and 7 fungal phyla exist. The links between the roughly 34 phyla that make up the bacteria, including the archaea, are not as well understood.
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True or False? despite their adaptations to land, most species of plant are still aquatic.
False, despite their adaptations to land, most species of plant are still aquatic.
Four major adaptations are found in all terrestrial plants: the alternation of generations, a sporangium in which the spores are formed, a gametangium that produces haploid cells, and apical meristem tissue in roots and shoots. Adaptations are many and varied. Many aquatic flowing plants have leaves that lie flat on the water for maximum sunlight collection. The stems of many aquatic plant have large air-filled areas to increase buoyancy. Many fruits of aquatic plants float on water, which increases dispersal as fruits and seeds float away. Seeds, stomata, waxy cuticles, and vascular transport all evolved to reduce water loss and circulate water to all areas of the plant. Water loss and circulation were not an issue before the transition to land; plants were forced to adapt these traits in order to survive in a terrestrial environment.
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Match each organism with the correct type of body cavity.
Photograph of a jellyfish emanating a bright white and yellow light in the dark background with few tiny jellyfishes around.
The organism pictured is a jellyfish, which has a gastrovascular cavity. This type of cavity is a simple, single-opening system that functions as both a digestive and circulatory system.
Which of these is a negative form of a plant tropism?
1.shoot gravitropism
2.phototropism
3.pea plant thigmotropism
4.root gravitropism
The negative form of a plant tropism is the shoot gravitropism. Therefore, the correct option is 1.
What is plant tropism?Plant tropism is a biological phenomenon in which a plant organism grows or bends in response to a stimulus, such as light or gravity.
There are several types of plant tropisms, including:
Phototropism: This is the growth response of a plant to light.Gravitropism: This is the growth response of a plant to gravity.Hydrotropism:This is the growth response of a plant to moisture. Thigmotropism:This is the growth response of a plant to touch.Shoot gravitropism is a negative form of plant tropism, as here the shoot is growing upwards against the pull of gravity. Hence, the correct option is 1.
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Why are significant figures important when taking data in the laboratory?
The following major figures are crucial for collecting data in a laboratory: For everyone who looks at the data, significant figures show the accuracy of the measured value.
A significant figure, sometimes known as a significant digit, is a crucial part of mathematical and scientific computations that deals with the precision and correctness of numbers. Significant statistics become essential at this point since the ultimate outcome should be approximated with some degree of uncertainty.
Never forget to take a note of non-zero numbers.
The number of zeros between two significant numbers varies significantly.
The decimal part only has meaning if it has a leading or final zero.
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A cell is placed in distilled water and then transferred to a 5% salt water solution. As a result of this procedure, the cell would be likely to ___
Answer: get larger, then get smaller.
Explanation:
Distilled water is hypotonic, meaning the cell would initially swell or get larger. The 5% salt water solution is hypertonic, which would then cause the cell to shrink.
Answer: get larger, then get smaller.
Explanation:
In distilled water? A cell placed in a hypertonic (5.0%) salt solution will crenate. A cell placed in distilled water (which is hypotonic to the cell) will hemolyze.
If a family has four sons, the probability that the next child will be a boy?
Answer: It doesn't matter how many times a certain gender was dominant, it is still a 50/50.
Explanation:
what has lead to the evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria?
Overuse of antibiotics, has lead to the evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
The Antibiotic resistance occurs naturally, but misuse of antibiotics in humans is one of the main reasons.
This resistance does not depends upon the age
The mutations which happen in the gene of bacteria which causes disease even after antibiotics their role is to pass these genes along to their descendants and this is how antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria are formed.
disadvantage of antibiotic resistant bacteria is that now it may leads to higher medical costs, longer hospital stays, and increased death rates.
even after new medicine development the threat will still exists,
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