What happens to ideas in science?
A.
They will be modified or replaced as new ones are developed.
B.
They do not often influence the way people live their lives.
C.
They become theories that no one is allowed to question.
D.
They are rarely proven wrong over a period of time.
Answer:
Explanation: B
What specific membrane structures serve to build gradients?
a. cholesterol
b. the lipid bilayer
c. proteins on the membrane surface
d. proteins that span the membrane aquaporins
The correct option is (d) proteins that span the membrane aquaporins
Proteins that span the membrane structures serve to build gradients.
What determines the cell's electrochemical gradient?
An electrical gradient develops across the cell membrane as a result of the active movement of ions across it. Normally, there are more positively charged ions outside of the cell than there are inside of it (cytosol). As a result, the membrane becomes positively charged on the outside and comparatively negatively charged inside. There is a voltage across the membrane as a result of the difference in charges. The ion gradient causes less positive ions to accumulate inside the cell, making the interior more negative than the exterior.Learn more about the electrochemical gradient with the help of the given link:
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Groups of organisms which share a more recent ancestor have base sequences in dna that are more similar than those that share only a distant ancestor. How?
Groups of organisms that share a more recent ancestor have base sequences in DNA that are more similar to those that share only a distant ancestor in the linear order of the nucleotide sequence for conserved genomic regions.
What are evolutionary conserved genomic regions?Evolutionary conserved genomic regions are specific nucleotide sequences that are similar due to an origin in common, which may be evidenced by making a sequence alignment between genes of closely related organisms. Conversely, organisms that share only a distant ancestor do not show high similarity levels in these regions.
In conclusion, organisms that have the same more recent ancestor show more similar nucleotide sequences in conserved genomic regions when they are compared to a distant ancestor.
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Explain the difference between fire resistance and flame spread. describe the hazards firefighters should be aware of during the growth and spread of a fire.
Fire resistance is where the amount of time that material has withstood a standard fire exposure whereas flame spread is the speed at which a flame spread along the surface of a specific material and is considered as the difference between fire resistance and flame spread.
Fire resistance is the resistance to fire that is for a particular specified time and is under circumstances of standard heat intensity. It will not structurally fail or else allow the transition of heat and also not permit the side away from the fire so as to become hotter than a temperature that is specified well.
Flame spread is described as the surface burning characteristics enhanced by building materials. It is the most tested property of the fire performance of a material.
Firefighters should be aware of the growth and spread of a fire as they face respiratory hazards in emergency situations which include oxygen deficiency, temperature elevation, smoke as well as toxic atmospheres. This can also affect both the physical and mental effects of the firefighter and would be worse if proper respirator precautions are not followed.
This indicates that firefighters are regularly exposed to certain concentrations of hazardous materials that include carcinogenic products such as carbon monoxide, benzene, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, aldehydes as well as particulates.
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If the f2 generation of a cross between two pure-breeding lines exhibits a 1:2:1 phenotypic ratio, the type of dominance being observed is most likely _____.
If the f2 generation of a cross between two pure-breeding lines exhibits a 1:2:1 phenotypic ratio, the type of dominance being observed is most likely Monohybrid cross with incomplete dominance.
What type of cross results in a 1 2 1 phenotypic ratio?A cross of two F1 hybrids heterozygous for a single trait with imperfect dominance is projected to produce offspring with a 1:2:1 ratio of genotypes and phenotypes.
Incomplete dominance is a kind of intermediate inheritance in which one allele is less dominant than its associated counterpart. In this case, the third phenotype is exhibited in the heterozygous state. The phenotypic and genotypic ratio in a monohybrid cross with incomplete dominance is 1:2:1, with one part having dominant phenotype, two parts having intermediate phenotype, and one portion having recessive phenotype. A snapdragon flower, for example, has red (dominant), white (recessive), and pink (intermediate) blossoms.
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What sediments are moved to create stalactites?
Limestone rock sediments create stalactites.
What are stalactites ?They are icicle-shaped deposits that appear where water has dissolved limestone above and subsequently placed calcium carbonate along cave ceilings or floors. In ceilings, stalagmites grow and hang downward.
How stalactites are formed ?Chemical sedimentary rocks are produced as a result of precipitation or the development of new minerals in water. Large sedimentary structures like stalactites and stalagmites, which grow in caves, can be produced by precipitation.
When rainwater drips through limestone rock, stalagmites and stalagtites are created. According to the National Park Service, it gathers up carbon dioxide as it travels by from the air and whatever organic materials it passes as it drips down.
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Like a Summative Practice
Directions: these are possible test questions, so circle the best answer
1. Scientists are developing a microscopic submarine to deliver
medicine to sites within the body. A biomotor that uses bacteria
would move the submarine. The scientists are experimenting with
several species of bacteria to find which one works best in the
biomotor. Which of these is the dependent variable in the
scientists' experiment?
A. the species of bacteria
B. the movement of the submarine
C. the size of the submarine
D. the sites within the body
Answer:
A. The species of bacteria
Explanation:
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Suppose a protein has a mass of 64 192 daltons (or 64.192 kda). What would be the mass of one mole of this protein?
approximate mass of one molecule of this protein= 64192 g/mol
What is atom's mass?An element's atomic mass seems to be the average mass of its atoms measured in atomic mass units (AMU, also known as Daltons, D). The atomic mass is a cumulative total of all the isotopes of this same element, calculated by multiplying the mass from each isotope by its abundance.
According to the given data:The atom's mass unit is the Dalton or amu.
It is defined as 1/12 mass of C-12 atom.
Mass of protein in Dalton = 64192 Daltons or AMU
The molar mass or mass about one mole of the compound/atoms seems to be the numerical value equal toward its molecular mass (in Dalton) but with the unit g/mol.
approximate mass of one molecule of this protein= 64192 g/mol.
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Russia and Ukraine are states or nations? justify your answer
Answer:
They're countries.
Explanation:
Since both aren't exactly one or the other, theyre seen as Countries.
Structure is critically linked to function in most cell organelles.
What is the function of the organelle shown?
The given structure is the mitochondria and it is the site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotes; option A
What are cell organelles?Cell organelles refers to the membrane-bound or in some cases non-membrane bound structures found within the cells of eukaryotic organisms.
The cell organelles play several specific roles in the functioning of the cell.
The structure of cell organelles are critically linked to their function.
For example, the structure of the mitochondria in eukaryotic organisms.
The mitochondria has double-membrane which provides the mechanism for the existence of a proton gradient which is required for production of ATP in eukaryotic cells.
During aerobic respiration in eukaryotes, protons are pumped from from the intermembrane matrix to the outer mitochondrial membrane to create a proton gradient. Subsequently, the energy of protons moving down their gradient is used by ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP and thus synthesize ATP.
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Do you think it is appropriate to generalize the results of this experiment to the population of all patients who have undergone surgery to clear blocked arteries? explain.
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery is a process used to treat coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the narrowing of the coronary arteries, the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.
CAD is caused by the accumulation of fatty material within the walls of arteries. This buildup narrows the interior of the arteries, limiting the supply of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. One way to treat a blocked or narrowed artery is to bypass the blocked portion of the coronary artery with a piece of healthy blood vessel from elsewhere in the body. The vessel or graft used for bypass surgery is a leg vein or part of a thoracic artery. An artery from the wrist can also be used. Doctors place one end of the graft over the blockage and the other end under the blockage. Blood bypasses the blockage by flowing through the new graft to reach the heart muscle. This is called coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Traditionally, doctors make a large incision in the chest to temporarily stop the heart to bypass a blocked coronary artery. To open the chest, doctors cut the breastbone (breastbone) in half lengthwise and spread it apart. Once the heart is exposed, the doctor inserts a tube into the heart and uses a cardiopulmonary bypass her machine to pump blood through the body. A bypass machine is needed to pump blood while the heart is at rest.
While traditional “open-heart surgery” is still commonly performed and preferred in many situations, minimally invasive techniques have been developed to bypass blocked coronary arteries. "Off-pump" surgery, which does not require the heart to be stopped, was developed in the 1990s.
Therefore, Other minimally invasive surgeries such as B. Keyhole surgery (performed through very small incisions) and robotic surgery (performed using moving mechanical devices) can be used.
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Our ability to accurately judge (without counting steps) how far we have walked or to tell where different parts of our body are located even if our eyes are closed is called?
Our ability to accurately judge (without counting steps) we have walked or to tell where different parts of our body are located even if our eyes are closed. This sense is called proprioception.
What is proprioception?Your body's capacity to perceive movement, motion, and position is known as proprioception, also referred to as kinesthesia. Every muscle movement you make carries it.
You wouldn't be able to move without considering your next step if proprioception didn't exist. You can walk without actively thinking about where to put your next foot thanks to proprioception. You are able to touch your elbow while closing your eyes.
What is proprioception disorder?If you have a proprioception issue, you can have these symptoms:
falling when walking on uneven groundYou are unaware of your own power. You might not be aware of how much pressure to apply when writing or picking up a brick, for instance.movement that lacks coordination, such as having trouble walking straightto know more about proprioception please check the link given below:
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Which statement BEST summarizes the effects that the Irish Potato Famine and Dust Bowl had on the respective populations of Ireland and the United States?
A. The populations of both areas increased as people found more reliable sources of food.
B. The populations of both areas decreased as people died from starvation or moved to other areas.
C. The populations of both areas remained stable until the disasters were over, then increased immediately afterwards.
D. The populations of both areas were relatively unaffected and continued to grow exponentially.
The populations of both areas decreased as people died from starvation or moved to other areas.
What is a famine?The term famine has to do with a period of extreme scarcity of food. It may be caused by natural disaster or by the loss of arable land due to some other factors. The time of famine is always characterized by a lot occurrences and even death of people.
The Irish Potato Famine and Dust Bowl led to catastrophic loss of the yield of crops forcing many to abandon their livelihoods in the midst of the famine across Ireland and the United Kingdom.
The statement which best summarizes the effects that the Irish Potato Famine and Dust Bowl had on the respective populations of Ireland and the United States is; the populations of both areas decreased as people died from starvation or moved to other areas.
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Amylase is a polymer of smaller molecules.
Name the type of smaller molecule.
Answer: Salivary amylase is a glucose-polymer cleavage enzyme that is produced by the salivary glands. It comprises a small portion of the total amylase excreted, which is mostly made by the pancreas.
Monomers are atoms or small molecules that bond together to form more complex structures such as polymers. There are four main types of monomer, including sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides.
Explanation:
What types of bonds does methane (CH4) like to form and why?
Answer:
Methane which is CH4 likes to form a bond called covalent bond
Explanation:
the reason is because In methane the four electrons of carbon bind with the four electrons of four hydrogen atoms to form four covalent bondsA cyborg anthropologist is an individual who studies the interaction between humans and technology, observing how technology can shape humans' lives. True or false
A cyborg anthropologist is an individual who studies the interaction between humans and technology, observing how technology can shape humans' lives. This is TRUE.
Built infrastructure and networks surround humans. Since of how drastically humans are changing their biological and physical environments, some have explicitly argued that cyborgs should be the legitimate subject of anthropological study instead of people because, as Donna Haraway puts it, "we are all cyborgs now."
According to cyborg anthropology, both human and non-human artifacts have a significant role in most aspects of contemporary life.
In many ways, how we engage with machinery and technology reveals who we are. A conceptual framework for comprehending how things and technology affect people and culture is called cyborg anthropology. This website is intended to serve as a source for those instruments.
Anthropology, the study of people, has traditionally focused on understanding the course of human evolution.
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Which of the following best describes how a chemical reaction will proceed with an enzyme compared to without the enzyme?
With an enzyme, the activation energy of the reaction decreases, which increases the reaction rate.
With an enzyme, the temperature and pH of the reaction increase, which decreases the reaction rate.
With an enzyme, the reaction forms different products, which then causes other reactions.
With an enzyme, the reverse reaction will occur at the same time, which results in equilibrium.
Answer:
the first answer is the correct one
Explanation:
This is because enzymes are organic catalysts which can increase or decrease the rate of reaction of chemicals by reducing the activation energy
Base your answer to the question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.
Hormone
molecule
Nucleus
X
Cell
membrane
DNA
Structure X most likely functions in the
1 transport of chemical messenger molecules into the cell nucleus
extraction of energy from nutrients
separation of cell contents from the outside environment
digestion of large molecules
Answer:
transport of chemical messenger molecules into the cell nucleus
Structure X most likely functions in the transport of chemical messenger molecules into the cell nucleus. Therefore, option (A) is correct.
What are chemical messengers?Chemical messenger molecules, such as hormones and neurotransmitters, can enter the cell nucleus to bind to specific receptors and activate or inhibit the expression of specific genes. The transport of chemical messenger molecules into the cell nucleus is facilitated by a complex process that involves multiple steps and requires the cooperation of various intracellular proteins and organelles.
The first step in the transport process is the uptake of the chemical messenger molecule into the cell. This can occur through passive diffusion or through the action of specific transporters that are located on the cell membrane.
Once the chemical messenger molecule is inside the cell, it must be transported to the nucleus. This is typically achieved through the action of intracellular proteins called importins, which bind to the chemical messenger molecule and carry it through the nuclear envelope into the nucleus.
Once inside the nucleus, the chemical messenger molecule can bind to specific receptors, such as nuclear receptors or transcription factors, which are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences and regulate gene expression. This binding can activate or inhibit the transcription of specific genes, leading to changes in the cell's activity or function.
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What happens when two solutions separated by a selectively permeable membrane reach osmotic?
Between the two solutions, water molecules flow, but there is no net movement of water over the membrane.
Which solution has a lower concentration when two solutions are separated by a membrane?The solvent will tend to permeate from the less concentrated to the more concentrated solution if two solutions with varying concentrations are separated by a semipermeable membrane. The name is osmosis.
Osmosis is the process by which a solvent moves between two solutions with different solute concentrations over a semipermeable membrane. The solvent is transferred from the solution with the lower solute concentration to the solution with the greater solute concentration during osmosis.
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''Consumers'' within a biome are [chose all that apply] :
1.Herbivores
2.Carnivores
3.Plants
4.Omnivores
Answer:
All of the above
Explanation:
A biome is a biogeographical unit consisting of a biological community that has formed in response to the physical environment in which they are found and a shared regional climate.Biomes may span more than one continent. Biome is a broader term than habitat and can comprise a variety of habitats.
Which complication to phylogenetic inference is most likely to be widespread in a group of species that have undergone an evolutionary radiation?
The correct answer for this question is Incomplete lineage sorting.
Because of great variability in the rates of molecular evolution and incomplete lineage sorting, phylogenetic inference is likely to be complicated in a group of species that have undergone an evolutionary radiation.
Incomplete lineage sorting is a phylogenetic analysis feature in which trees produced from a single gene differ from population or species level trees.
Due to insufficient lineage sorting, the average divergence time between genes may differ from the divergence time between species. According to models, the average divergence time between genes in the human and chimp genomes is longer than the split between humans and gorillas.
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Which phytoplankton flourished in the miocene, probably because of increased volcanism? group of answer choices
a. radiolarians
b. diatoms
c. dinoflagellates
d. coccolithophores
e. foraminifera
The diatoms phytoplankton flourished in the Miocene, probably because of increased volcanic
What is the diatom?Any member of the broad group of several genera of microalgae that can be found in the world's oceans, streams, and soils is referred to as a diatom. Diatoms are tiny, single-celled algae with a silica-based cell wall. They do, however, exhibit the urea cycle, which is typical of plants, unlike other algae and plants. A subfield of phycology is the study of diatoms. Diatoms are categorized as eukaryotes, which set them apart from prokaryotes like bacteria and archaea because they have a nuclear envelope-bound cell nucleus. Diatoms are a form of phytoplankton, the most prevalent kind of plankton. Diatoms are tiny, one-celled algae with a silica shell that can withstand acids, heat, and bodily decay. They thrive in colonies, proliferate in both fresh and saline water, and are widely distributed in soils.Therefore the correct answer is b. diatoms
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Are any of the fungi that you identified limited to specific habitats? is habitat type useful for separating these genera? why/ why not?
Yes, many species of fungi are limited to specific habitats.
Fungi can be found all over the world and can flourish in a variety of environments, including oceans and deserts. While many fungal species are global generalists, some are specialized to specific substrates or environments. Extreme environmental conditions are likely to inhibit the growth of a mycobiota in unusual fungal niches such as salt flats and salterns, high Arctic glaciers, hypersaline microbial mats, plant trichomes and Antarctic dry valleys. Among the mycobiota adapted to cold and saline habitats, yeasts, black yeast-like fungi, melanized filamentous species, as well as representatives of Aspergillus and Penicillium, appear to be prominent. Trichomes on plants appear to be a special niche that is home to a large number of new taxa.Hence, certain species of fungi can be limited to a specific habitat and understanding the habitat type and the characteristics of the pre-dominant fungi can be useful in separating the genera.
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Scientific Hypotheses must be proposed in a way that
Scientific Hypotheses must be proposed in a way that explains in a comprehensive and testeable manner the relationship between variables. Option 3 is correct. Enables them to be tested.
What is a hypothesis?When following the scientific methodology, researchers must formulate a hypothesis.
A hypothesis is a scientific conjecture, not verified, that requires corroboration. It is a possibility, not a fact. It is a claim of how it works a relationship between two or more variables.
The researcher hypothesizes to predict what is going on or what is expected to occur.
A hypothesis
must be clear and comprehensive. must express the direct relationship between the involved variables. must be objective. must be testeable and falsifiableThere are different kinds of hypotheses: descriptive, correlative, differentiative, or causative.
Scientific Hypotheses must be proposed in a way that explains in a comprehensive and testeable manner the relationship between variables.
Option 3 is correct. Enables them to be tested.
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Complete question,
Scientific Hypotheses must be proposed in a way that
Ensures that the experiment will be validEnables them to be proved validEnables them to be testedDo not contradict previous hypothesisA biological washing detergent contain enzymes which remove stain like mcucs and oil from clothes which are soaked in water with the detergent .explain why stain would be removed faster with detergent in water at 35 dergrees celcius rather than 50 degress celcius
A biological washing detergent contains enzymes which remove stain like mucus and oil from clothes which are soaked in water with the detergent. Stains would be removed faster with detergent in water at 35 degrees Celcius rather than 50 degrees Celcius because the enzyme works best at optimal temperatures.
In the field of science, we describe enzymes as biological catalysts that speed up a reaction by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. Enzymes are present in the detergents which are responsible for stain removal.
Each enzyme has specific optimal conditions at which it works best. The optimal temperature for the enzymes present in the detergent above would be 35 degrees Celsius and hence it works best at this temperature. The stains would be removed faster and more thoroughly at this temperature by these enzymes.
As 50 degrees Celsius is not optimal for this enzyme in the detergent, hence its activity will be slower at this temperature.
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Higher mental functions that distinguish humans from other species are localized in the brain’s.
Higher mental functions that distinguish humans from other species are localized in the brain’s cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of neural tissue covering the brain and the middle of neural integration and information processing. It is made up of gray matter that covers the interior white matter and it is majorly involved in consciousness.
The functional areas of the cerebral cortex are accountable for many motor and sensory functions of the body. This helps identify, analyze processes and recognize motor and sensory stimuli. General Functions: Motor function, Determination of intelligence and personality, Touch sensory sensation, Language processing, Planning, organization, decision-making , Spatial recognition ,Stereognosis, Learning.
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help I’ll give BRAINILEST
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
When you reduce pressure, water reaches the boiling point at a lower temperature. When you increase pressure, water molecules change from liquid to solid.
So pressure can change the state of matter.
100 POINTS + BRAINLEIST
form a hypothesis about earth early atmosphere
PLS HELP ME OUT HERE!!
Answer:
Within our solar system early on, Earth was nearly undefinable compared to now. Our earth used to be made out of magma, and it was extremely hot. The time was not right for life to form. The atmosphere was formed by this magma we talked about spewing from mini-volcanoes that consisted around our early version of the Earth. Then, over time, the Earth evolved, and became what we know today as our home planet.
Hope this helps, have a good day!
Answer:
down below
Explanation:
I believe Earth's early atmosphere was very thin and rich in methane, ammonia, water vapor, and noble gas neon. It lacked free oxygen and was much thinner than what we were used to.
Hope this helps! :)
Which does Kepler’s second law state about planetary motion?
A.The square of the orbital period is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis.
B.A line between the planet and the sun covers equal areas in equal times.
C.Planets move at the same speed at all points along their orbit.
D.The planet travels along an elliptical orbit.
According to Kepler’s second law The correct answer is option (B) A line between the planet and the sun covers equal areas in equal times. This means that the planet speeds up as it was approaches the sun and then slows down as it departs from it.
Kepler's second law states that the planet moves in its ellipse so that the line in between it and the Sun placed at the focus sweeps out of the equal areas in the equal times. There are actually three, the Kepler's laws that is, of the planetary motion: 1) every planet's orbit is an ellipse with the Sun at a focus; 2) a line joining the Sun and the planet sweeps out equal areas in the equal times; and 3) the square of the planet's orbital period is also proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its
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Sound travels at a speed of 330 m/s. If John hears a police siren 165 meters away, how
long did it take for the sound to travel from the police siren to his ear?
a. 0.5 seconds
(b. 2 seconds
5 seconds
C.
d. 20 seconds
What
Answer:
A. 0.5 seconds
Explanation:
165/330 is 0.5
