What is the likely phylogenetic explanation for the crossing of food and air pathways in humans?
Lungs evolved from the extension of the esophagus rather than as a system of separate organs is the likely phylogenetic explanation for the crossing of food and air path routes in humans.
Evolving of lungs from the continuation of oesophagus makes an evolutionary sense for the nose along with lungs to have a path of their own whereas the mouth, as well as the stomach, consists of a separate system. This is created as if this would prevent the choking effect so that this can allow the breathing process while eating or drinking purposes.
In general, it might take a more logical sense of having a separate passage route for air as well as food or water. This exactly did not happen as in evolutionary history due to the major peculiarity of the development of lungs. Outpouching of the gut tube is the development of lungs in vertebrates, due to a very long history of evolution in itself which might be homologous present among all deuterostomes.
So, lungs evolved from the oesophagus extension is the phylogenetic explanation for the crossing of food and air path routes in humans.
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The vagus nerve releases _________________, which acts on _________________ receptors.
The vagus nerve releases acetylcholine which acts on muscarinic-2 receptors.
The vagus nerve releases which acts on muscarinic-2 receptors.
The primary nerves of the parasympathetic nervous system are the vagus nerve, also referred to as the vagal nerves. This system regulates a variety of bodily processes, including digestion, heart rate, and the immune system. You cannot consciously regulate these involuntary functions, hence they are involuntary.The vagus nerve transmits a wide variety of signals from the gastrointestinal tract and other organs to the brain and back. It is the tenth cranial nerve, passing through the neck, thorax, and abdomen before beginning in the brainstem.Vagus nerve stimulation stabilizes aberrant electrical activity in the brain by stimulating the vagus nerve with the help of an implanted pulse generator and lead wire. Anti-seizure medications are ineffective for about one-third of epilepsy patients.To know more about vagus nerve visit:
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6
Write an equation in st
pints.
(2,-8), (6, 10)
The equation for the mentioned set of points (2, -8), (6, 10) will be as follows:
Remember the slope-intercept equation: y = mx = b
To solve this, first we will need to calculate the slope and y-intercept (b).
Equation for slope (m) is,
[tex]m =\frac{ (y_{2} - y_{1})}{(x_{2} - x_{1})}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{10 - (-8)}{6-2}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{18}{4}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{9}{2}[/tex] = 4.5
Now, to write an equation for a line,
y = mx + b
where,
m = slope
b = y-intercept
So,
y = 4.5x + b
Putting the values of (x,y) = (6,10) to get the y-intercept,
10 = (4.5 x 6) + b
So, b = 10 - 27 = -17
Hence, the equation of line will be,
y = 4.5x - 17
or, y - 4.5x = -17
or, 4.5x - y = 17
or, 9x - 2y = 34
So, the correct equation for the mentioned two points will be 9x - 2y = 34.
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Khaliland shrubs, as well as a variety of insects, birds, snakes, and small mammals such as mice and rabbits. and Vera are visiting a region of land that is unfamiliar to them. They observe a community of grasses. Khalil claims that they are visiting a meadow ecosystem that, if undisturbed, will remain stable for many years. Vera argues that Khalil is incorrect. She claims that the ecosystem is undergoing ecological succession, and that it likely will become a hardwood forest. Which observation from this region would provide the strongest evidence in support of Vera’s claim?
(A) singed or charred tree trunks along the ground or in the soil
(B) large grazing animals, such as buffalo or zebra
(C) a river, lake, or pond that has very clear water
(D) rocks with lichens growing on their surface
(E) a climate that is becoming slightly hotter and drier
Singed or charred tree trunks along the ground or in the soil is the observation from this region which would provide the strongest evidence in support of Vera’s claim of ecological succession and is denoted as option A.
What is Ecological succession?This is defined as the process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time and is influenced by certain biotic and climatic factors.
Fire which is an example which destroys the population of an area thereby leading to the succession experienced such as growth of new trees and presence of animals as time goes on.
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Explain how drawin theory of evolution has been criticized
Darwin theory of evolution has been criticized due to its failure to explain origin and transmission of variations.
What is Evolution?
This is defined as the changes in the heritable characteristics of a biological populations over successive generations and is usually a long period of time.
Darwin's theory of evolution states that all species arise as a result of the inherited variations which increases their chances of survival in the ecosystem as a result of the varying environmental conditions from time to time.
However this theory was criticized because there was no emphasis on the origin and transmission of variations thereby making it the correct choice.
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The name of the "currency" cells use for
energy is ...
A. RNA.
B. Protein.
C. ATP.
What is the general formula for fatty acids?
a C6H12O6
b CH3(CH),COOH
C CH3(CH2),COOH
d C6H12COOH
How have animals in deciduous forests adapted to survive the winter months?
Answer:
migration and hibernation
Explanation:
birds r able to migrate to a warmer place and return to the deciduous forest when the temperature gets warmer. this helps brids find food they need to survive. animals such as birds will hibernate during winter months:)
Most bacteria that are found within the human body are thermophiles.
a. true
b. false
Most of the bacteria found in human are not Thermophiles . So, the statement would false.
Where are the Thermophiles found?Why are thermophiles useful to human ?Thermophiles are found in high temperature, usually 45 to 80°C and are found in environments such as hot springs, peat bogs , and near deep - sea hydrothermal vents. Thermophillic and thermotolerant microbes are important because they are able to produce thermostable extracellular enzymes.
Mesophiles are found in human body which can pathogenic also.
So, the statement would be wrong.
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Please help!
Match the sequences with the mutations that occurred in them.
Group of answer choices
A
B
C
D
Mutations can affect chromosome number or structure. Among these last ones, deletion and duplication affect affect the number of genes. Translocation and inversion affect gene sequences. A) Translocation B) Deletion C) Inversion D) Duplication.
What are chromosomic mutations?
DNA suffers different mutations and changes. These mutations might affect chromosomes by altering a gene sequence or a chromosomal fragment.
There are two types of chromosomal mutations which depend on the mutation type,
- If the mutation affects the number of the chromosomes (haploidy, polyploidy, aneuploidy)
- If the mutation affects the chromosome structure.
Among the mutations that affect the structure of the chromosome, we can mention,
The ones affecting the number of genes- Deletion ⇒ Occurs a loss of genes
- Duplication ⇒ The number of genes increases
The ones affecting the sequence of genes- Inversion ⇒ genes order or sequence is inverted
- Translocation ⇒ genes are interchanged between chromosomes
In the exposed example,
A) Translocation
There was an interchange of genes between the two involved chromosomes.
One of them started with genes ABC and the other one with genes DE. After the interchage one of them ended with genes AC and the other one with genes DBC.
B) Deletion
The chromosome lost the A gene, which was deleted from the original sequence.
C) Inversion
The original sequence in this chromosome was ABC, and after the inversion the gene order was CBA.
D) Duplication
The original sequence was ABC, and after the duplication event, genes A and B got duplicated and the new sequence was ABABC.
In the attached files you will have an image with further explanation.
Note: You should check if the chromosomal mutations are represented with the same letters I porposed here.
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The increase of chromosome number by one or more whole sets of chromosomes is called:
Answer:your answer is haploidy. you are correct
Explanation:
Anatomy of the skin answer
Answer:
Nerves are clusters of cells called neurons. Nerves send electrical signals that help you feel sensations and move your muscles
Explanation:
The Latin prefix con- means "with." The Latin root sanguis means "blood." Using this information and your knowledge of word patterns and relationships, write your best definition of the word consanguinity here.
The best definition of the word consanguinity here is that it is used to describe organisms which are blood relatives.
Who is a Blood relative?The Latin prefix con- means "with." The Latin root sanguis means "blood" which is therefore how the word consanguinity was formed and the meaning is seen below.
This is referred to as the people who are related to each other by birth and this means they are from the same ancestors or parents and possess features which are passed down as traits as a result of the cell division known as meiosis being involved during reproduction.
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Consanguinity refers to the familiar relationship between individuals that share a common ancestor, and hence, are bonded by blood.
What is consanguinity?
The term consanguinity refers to the natural familiar relationship between individuals bonded by blood. These individuals share the same common ancestors.
The closer related two individuals are, the greater consanguinity is. This is because they share more characteristics inherited from their most recent ancestors.
Consanguinity refers to blood in common between individuals.
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How can Gram staining be used to determine how bacteria respond to their environments?
Gram staining helps scientists visualize the thickness of bacterial cell walls.
Gram staining helps scientists visualize the composition of bacterial cell membranes
Gram staining helps scientists visualize bacterial antibiotic resistance.
Gram staining helps scientists visualize bacterial motility.
Gram staining helps scientists visualize the thickness of bacterial cell walls
Gram staining is a method frequently used to distinguish between two sizable groups of bacteria based on the distinct components of their cell walls. By staining these cells red or violet, the Gram stain method distinguishes between Gram positive and Gram negative groupings. The crystal violet used to stain the cells of gram-positive bacteria is retained by the presence of a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls. In contrast, Gram negative bacteria stain red because their peptidoglycan walls are thinner and don't hold on to the crystal violet during the decolorizing process, causing them to stain red.
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Answer:Gram staining help visualize bacterial motility
Explanation:I just took the test 100% correct
The S-P interval of seismic waves recorded at a seismometer is 8 minutes. The equation for determining this distance to the
epicenter is
S-P interval=0.001613 x distance to epicenter
Approximately how far away is the earthquake's epicenter from the seismometer?
less than 1 km
8.km
O 500 km
5,000 km
According to the equation of the seismic waves, the earthquake's epicenter from the seismometer is approximately 5000km.
What is a seismic wave?A seismic wave can be described as a vibration generated by an earthquake, explosion, or similar energetic source and propagated within the Earth or along its surface.
From the question, we have that
S-P interval = 0.001613 x distance
therefore distance = s-p interval/0.001613
8/0.001613 = distance to epicenter
distance to epicenter =8÷0.001613
=4959.702
approximately 5000km.
Seismographs are devices that record the amplitude and frequency of seismic waves and yield information about the Earth and its subsurface structure.
There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways.
The two main types of seismic waves are body waves and surface waves. Body waves can travel through the Earth's inner layers, but surface waves can only move along the surface of the planet like ripples on water. Earthquakes send out seismic energy as both body and surface waves.
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A disruption of our 24-hour biological clock as a result of either overexposure or underexposure to light is referred to as?
A disruption of our 24-hour biological clock as a result of either overexposure or underexposure to light is referred to as desynchronization.
What is a biological clock?Circadian rhythm is another term for biological clocks.Circadian rhythms are changes in an organism's physical, mental, and behavioral changes that occur on a 24-hour cycle.These natural processes are primarily affected by light and dark and affect nearly all living things, including animals, plants, and microbes.Endogenous biological clocks regulate physiological activity and behavior patterns on multiple time scales. Circadian rhythms are cycles of change that occur within 24 hours and include the sleep/wake cycle, body temperature change, and hormone release such as melatonin and cortisol. Melatonin, a hormone that helps regulate circadian rhythms, is secreted by the pineal gland. Melatonin production is proportional to the amount of light a person is exposed to.To learn more about circadian rhythm:
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Which part of an amino acid has the greatest influence on the overall structure of a protein?
The part of an amino acid that has the greatest influence on the overall structure of a protein is the side chains.
Proteins are one of the four basic macromolecules (the rest being carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids) that make up living things. It is made up of units of monomers called amino acids.
Each amino acid consists of an amino group attached to the alpha carbon of a carboxylic acid. In simpler terms, an amino acid is made up of a carboxylic acid, an amino group, a hydrogen atom and a side chain. The properties of the side chain determine the structure of the protein it forms.
Differences in properties of amino acids arise from the different size, shape, ionization properties and solubility of its side group. Depending on this, an amino acid can be polar, non-polar, polar but not charged, positively or negatively charged at neutral ph.
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Choose a spot of soil that is nearby your home, school, or another area you frequent. If a crime were committed there, what types of materials do you think you’d find in your investigation of the soil? Do you think you would find materials that would be considered individual characteristics?
After finding a spot of soil that is nearby your home, school, or another area you frequent. If a crime were committed there then, Soils close to a crime scene can be subjected to forensic investigation to reveal a crime characteristic. Various locales have different soil characteristics.
Depending on the type of crime committed. There can be footprints or a particular type of substance that is unusually present. There might be genetic material or blood stains that could be used for DNA testing. Identifying the substance used in the crime may be made possible by a few specific compounds.
Materials that would be considered individual characteristics can include shoe prints and perhaps some tire markings. Shell casings, blood, shattered glass, spilled objects, etc. could all be present. Some of these might be distinctive features like tire marks, blood, or shoe prints.
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Answer: After finding a spot of soil that is nearby your home, school, or another area you frequent. If a crime were committed there then, Soils close to a crime scene can be subjected to forensic investigation to reveal a crime characteristic. Various locales have different soil characteristics.
Explanation:
How does water having high specific heat capacity and high heat of vaporization help life on earth?.
The high specific heat capacity, as well as high heat of vaporization, helps in the maintenance of life on earth in various ways such as absorbing excess solar energy.
The heat of vaporization of water is high as water required 40000 joules of energy in order to vaporize one mole of water. This high heat of vaporization of water makes it resistant to temperature changes which makes life on earth possible. It causes the moderate temperature to occur in coastal areas hence sustaining life.
The high specific heat capacity of water causes aquatic animals to survive in water, even during extreme conditions. An excess amount of heat is absorbed by the water on the Earth, which is then released slowly. Hence, in this way, the specific heat capacity causes moderate temperature fluctuations for sustaining life.
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A heterozygote in a diploid individual would have 2 different alleles at the designated locus. True or false?.
True is correct option.
Two alleles for a particular gene in a diploid organism are expressed and interact to produce a physical trait. The observable traits expressed by an organism are called its phenotype.
The underlying genetic make-up of an organism, consisting of both physically visible and non-expressed alleles, is called its genotype. Mendelian hybridization experiments demonstrate phenotypic and genotypic differences. For example, the phenotype that Mendel observed in crosses between pea plants with different traits is associated with the diploid genotype of plants in the P, F1, and F2 generations. As an example, we will use the second trait that Mendel studied, the color of a species. Seed color is determined by her one gene with two alleles. The yellow seed allele is dominant and the green seed allele is recessive. When a true breeding plant with one parent having yellow seeds and one green seed was cross-pollinated, all his F1 hybrid progeny had yellow seeds. That is, the hybrid offspring were phenotypically identical to their purebred parents with yellow seeds. However, we know that the allele contributed by the green seed parent was not simply lost, as it reappeared in some of the F2 progeny.
Therefore, F1 plants must have been genotypically different from their yellow-seeded parents.
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An acid is a polar substance that dissolves in water and..,?
Answer: Donates hydrogen ions to the solution
Explanation: According to Bronsted and Lowry, acids are the species that dissociate in water to give hydrogen ions.
Whereas bases are the species that dissociate into water to give hydroxide ions.
Also, like dissolves like. So, when an acid is polar in nature and dissolved in water then it will completely dissociate into ions.
As a result, it will tend to donate hydrogen ions into the solution.
For example, HCl ->H^+ +Cl
Thus, we can conclude that an acid is a polar substance that dissolves in water and donates hydrogen ions to the solution.
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 The photos above contain one example of each; igneous rock: metamorphic rock and sedimentary rock. study the pictures carefully and determine which rock is shown in each picture
Answer:
A. metamorphic B. igneous C.sedimentary
Explanation:
pretty sure sorry if wrong tho but I just looked at my collection and it looked the same so good luck!
Which type of art has no visible subject?
A major concern about increasing global temperatures is that a large portion of polar ice could detach and melt into the ocean.
Abstraction is a type of art which has no visible subject.
Abstraction is the subject of abstract art. In essence, this kind of art stimulates the senses through the representation of shape, line, color, etc., but is devoid of forms found in the actual, physical world. Abstract art is frequently more linked to and associated with an artist's aesthetic and mode of expression. Sometimes, it has an emotional theme. Non-figurative or non-objective art are some names for it.
Perspective in art relates to how real or imaginable objects (such as people, landscapes, etc.) are depicted in a visual medium like painting, drawing, or sculpture. Additionally, perspective gives artwork a tone and atmosphere.
In atmosphere , increasing global temperature has become a major cause for the rapidly melting of the polar ice into oceans. It is an example of abstraction where there is no any visible subject but it has been represented through imagination and prediction.
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By what factor would the rate of diffusion change if membrane thickness doubled?
Tripling of the diffusion rate would correspond to a factor 3.
What are the factors which affects the rate of diffusion ??Substances diffuse when they travel passively from one area of high concentration to another area of lower concentrations . During cellular transport in plants, diffusion of chemicals is crucial. The concentration gradient, membrane permeability, temperature and pressure all have an impact on the rate of diffusion . As long as there is a difference in a substance concentration on either side of a barrier, diffusion will occur.
So by tripling the diffusion rate it would change to factor of 3.
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Which strains of cells have the capability of transferring their chromosome to another cell?
Bacterial conjugation is a sexual mechanism of genetic transfer since it combines the chromosomes of two sexually different cell types.
What are cells?The smallest unit that can sustain life on its own and makes up all living things, including the body's tissues. The cell membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm are the three primary components of a cell. The substances that enter and leave the cell are governed by the cell membrane, which encloses the cell. They give the body structure, absorb nutrients from meals, turn those nutrients into energy, and perform certain tasks. Also, cells can reproduce themselves and have the body's genetic fabric.Each component of a cell has various meanings. Robert Hooke used a primitive compound microscope in 1665 to find cells in cork and later in living plant tissue.To learn more about cells, refer to:
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What is science? Is it a born or curse ?
Answer:
Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old.
Science is the greatest blessing that man could ever receive. It is indeed a boon and a blessing, if used for the benefit of mankind and for constructive purposes unless it becomes a tool in the hand of a few selfish and evil-minded people.
Explanation:
Hope it helps you
Answer:
Science is the greatest blessing that man could ever receive. It is indeed a boon and a blessing if used for the benefit of mankind and for constructive purposes unless it becomes a tool in the hand of a few selfish and evil-minded people.
Explanation:
It is impossible for humans to be different from monkeys without science. If someone does not want science, it means he/she wants to be foolish and doesn't like to learn about science (etc.)
Hopefully, this answers your question!!!!
A relatively small organelle that contains enzymes that oxidize organic substances.
A relatively small organelle that contains enzymes that oxidize organic substances.- Peroxisomes.
Small membrane-bound organelles called peroxisomes oxidize organic compounds using molecular oxygen. They have a few enzymes that can either make or break down hydrogen peroxide.Peroxisomes are organelles that include a variety of oxidative processes and are crucial for metabolism, the detoxification of reactive oxygen species, and signaling. Fatty acid -oxidation is one of the oxidative mechanisms housed in peroxisomes and is involved in embryogenesis, seedling growth, and stomatal opening. Hydrogen peroxide is created by the oxidation of organic molecules in peroxisomes. This is immediately transformed into water and oxygen. Cholesterol and phospholipids, which are present in brain and heart tissue, are made by peroxisomes.learn more about peroxisomes here: https://brainly.com/question/12146953
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What evidence has helped scientists study the origin of water on Earth?
There are many evidences that might have helped scientists to be a cause for origin of water on earth . Possible reasons include:
The world's seas may have received water from comets, trans-Neptunian objects, or protoplanets, water-rich meteoroids from the outer regions of the asteroid belt that collided with Earth.The disintegration of the aluminum isotope heated up large enough planetesimals. Water may surface as a result of this. Recent research suggests that ancient eucrite meteorites from the asteroid Vesta provide evidence that water with a similar deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio was already present when the Earth first formed. Recent analyses of the chemical makeup of Moon rocks indicate that water was present on Earth at the time of its creation.A fraction of the water on Earth may have been created via gradual "dehydration melting"—leakage of water contained in the hydrate minerals of the planet's rocks. Water may have also come via volcanism: water vapor from volcanic eruptions in the atmosphere may have condensed into rain, which gradually filled Earth's marine basins.
These might be the possible evidence for the origin of water on Earth but it is still unclear where Earth's water came from or why there is unmistakably more liquid water on Earth than on the other stony planets in the Solar System.
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How will energy from food, temperature, and electrical power be cycled through your biosphere?.
Nutrient transport in the biosphere differs from energy transfer because, whereas energy travels through the biosphere and could be reused, elements continuously recycled.
What exactly is a biosphere?The biosphere, often known as that of the ecosphere, is the totality of all ecosystems on the planet. It is also known as the zone sustaining life on Earth. In terms of matter, the biosphere is essentially a closed system with very few inputs and outputs.
How is energy circulated in the biosphere?Energy enters the environment from the Sun as well as exits when the organisms have consumed all of it. Heat is the form in which organisms transfer energy to the biosphere.. Energy additionally enters the biosphere from the Earth's interior. It is typically in the form of heat, rather than the electromagnetic energy emitted by the Sun.
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Telophase occurs:
Need some help!
Answer:
Before cytokinesis
Explanation
