Terrestrial plants (embryonic plants) are a small group of freshwater algae ranging from scaly unicellular flagellates (mesostigma) to complex filamentous thallus with branching, cellular differentiation, and apical growth (charales), streptococcal green algae.
Evolved from Streptococci and embryonic algae make up the Streptococcus division, while the rest of the green algae are classified as green algae. Charales (rockworms) are often considered sisters to terrestrial plants, suggesting a gradual evolution to cellular complexity within streptococcal green algae. Many cells (e.g. phragmoplasts, plasmodesmata, hexameric cellulose synthase, flagellar cell structures, oocyte reproduction with zygote retention) and physiological properties (e.g. photorespiratory mode, phytochrome system) are linked Derived from cocci algae. Phylogenetic studies show that as sisters to all other streptococci, including embryonic plants, Mesostigma (flagellates) and Chlorocybus (sartinoids) form the earliest divergence within streptococci . The question of whether Charales, Coleochaetales, or Zygnematoles are sisters to embryonic plants is still (or again) hotly debated. A project has been initiated to investigate genome evolution within streptococci, including protein families and polyadenylation signals. Consistent with morphological and physiological traits, many molecular traits thought to be specific to embryonic plants may have arose before the chlorophyte/streptococcal division or were derived from streptococcal algae. shown.
Molecular phylogeny and the fossil record allow for detailed reconstructions of the early evolutionary events that gave rise to true land plants and shaped the present-day diversity and ecology of the interlaced green algae and their progeny plants.
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Which example demonstrates metabolism? (brainly wont let me see other answers ;( )
The group of chemical processes in organisms that maintain life is known as metabolism. The three primary functions of metabolism are: converting the energy in food into energy that can be used to power cellular functions.
It is convenient to divide metabolism into two groups: Molecules are broken down during catabolism to provide energy. All of the substances that the cells require are synthesised during anabolism. Metabolic processes include the chemical reactions that keep you alive. One example of metabolism is the rate at which you burn fat and consume calories. the constant anabolic and catabolic chemical and physical processes that occur in living things and their cells. Specific areas of the cell host metabolic events. The cytoplasm is where amino acid degradation and some phases of glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, and glycogen synthesis take place. Within mitochondria, certain metabolic pathways are located at particular points.
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Which term best describes the plasma membrane? hypotonic permeable selectively permeable solid
The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. Plasma membrane is also known as cell membrane.
What is Plasma membrane? The plasma membrane is also known as the cell membrane. The primary function of the plasma membrane is to protect the constituents of the cell from the outside environment. They are primarily composed of lipids and proteins that exhibit selective permeability. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable, keeping track of which components enter and exit the cell. The plasma membrane's four primary functions are identification, communication, regulation of solute exchange across the membrane, and isolation of the cytoplasm from the external environment. The plasma membrane is mostly made up of phospholipids, which are made up of fatty acids and alcohol. The phospholipids in the plasma membrane are organized in two layers, known as a phospholipid bilayer, with a hydrophobic (water-hating) interior and a hydrophilic (water-loving) exterior.To learn more abut plasma membrane:
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Write instructions for a specific task that you would like to teach someone.
According to what you wish to educate them. You must keep in mind who you are speaking of. When trying to teach somebody about whatever it is you are trying to teach them, walk with easy so as not to harm their feelings. The said person may not be able to grasp readily or may not be able to do what you want to teach them. Never lose your temper and insult this individual or claim you are incapable of learning. Everyone has the capacity to learn, even if they suffer from a condition that makes them go more slowly than others.
Thanks,
Eddie
Which muscle is highlighted? splenius capitis levator scapulae trapezius supraspinatus
Supraspinatus muscle is highlighted.
What are three different types of muscles ?1) Skeletal muscle : The specialised tissue that is attached to bones allows movement or locomotion.
2) Smooth muscle : These are non striated and found in internal structures including digestive tract, uterus and blood vessels such as arteries and veins.
3) Cardiac muscles: The structure of these muscles is like skeletal muscles but functions as smooth muscles and found in heart.
Supraspinatus is the smallest of the 4 muscles which comprises the rotator cuff of the shoulder joints specifically in the supraspinatus fossa.
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what is the diffiniton of periodically
Answer:
Taking place in different periods of time. Taking place every now and the, or taking place occasionally.
Explanation:
Which of the following best describes the relationship between enzymes and substrates?
1.Each enzyme can form many products from a specific set of substrates.
2.Each enzyme can change the form of the substrates attached to it.
3.Each enzyme is designed to work with specific substrates for specific metabolic reactions.
4.Each enzyme is designed to work with substrates from all metabolic reactions.
The relation between substrates and enzymes can be best described as: (3) Each enzyme is designed to work with specific substrates for specific metabolic reactions.
Substrates are the actually the reactant in an enzymatic chemical reaction. It combines with the enzymes to undergo some conformational or chemical change in itself and form the product. Each substrate can reacts with some certain type of enzymes only.
Enzymes are the biological catalysts. These work to to make the rate of any reaction faster. This is done by lowering the activation energy of the chemical reaction. Enzymes are generally proteinaceous in nature.
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How does removing one organism in a food chain affect the other trophic levels
Answer:
if you loose one thing in the food chain then the rest goes downhill
Explanation:
first lets say that you loose grass hoppers then you loose frogs because they can't eat the grass hoppers so on so forth
In 1828 friedrich wohler synthesised an organic molecule. this falsified the theory of vitalism. which organic molecule did he synthesise?
Wohler synthesised urea in the lab which disproved the theory of vitalism.
Wohler synthesised urea in the lab which disproved the theory of vitalism. The synthesis of urea showed that no vital principle was required in order for a molecule to be organic.
What is Organic molecule ?In addition to carbon and hydrogen, organic molecules may also contain other elements. Carbon atoms must be covalently linked to hydrogen atoms in organic compounds (C-H bonds). They often contain oxygen, but they can also contain additional elements including nitrogen, sulphur, and phosphorus.
The backbone of an organic substance is made up of the number of carbons in the molecule. The most basic organic substances are hydrocarbons, which are primarily made of carbon and hydrogen. Methane, which is one of the simplest hydrocarbons and has the chemical formula CH4, is one such substance. As depicted in the diagram, it has four hydrogen atoms covalently bound to a single carbon atom. On Earth, methane is a gas that is created by a variety of geological and biological processes.Learn more about Organic molecule here:
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What are the differences between the health risks of young men and young women?
young women
young men
Answer:
The health risks depend on the immune system.
Explanation:
It is more likey a young women survives a desease than a man if she keeps her body as healthy as possible
A substance with 20 carbon-14 atoms will have only
years.
left after
A substance with 20 carbon-14 atoms will have only nitrogen - 14 left after over 5730 years due to radioactive decay.
What makes carbon - 14 different from carbon - 12?The element carbon has a naturally stable isotope C- 12, but C -14 is the unstable isotope.
C - 14 is the most commonly consumed isotope of carbon by all living organisms. Radiocarbon dating is the process of determining the age of a sample by examining the existence half life-life of this element. In the course of certain years when the life form's existence is extended the C- 14 gradually turns into N - 14 (Nitrogen).
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Differential media contains only the minimum nutrient requirements for microbial growth.
a. true
b. false
Differential media contains only the minimum nutrients requirements for microbial growth is the false Statement.
What are the stages of microbial growth?The four stages of microbial growth are as follows:
A growth curve made up of four seperate phases of growth- the lag phase , the exponential or log phase ,the stationary phase and the death or decline phase has been found emerge from bacteria growing in a closed system or batch culture ( no food provided ,no wastes removed) .
The statement given the question is false statement. For growth and nutrition of bacteria ,the minimum nutritional requirements are water, a source of carbon,a source of nitrogen and some inorganic salts.
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Nerve cells in the visual system, anywhere from the retina back to the occipital lobe, are known as.
Visual neurons are any nerve cells in the visual system, from the retina all the way back to the occipital lobe.
What are neurons?The basic functional unit of a brain is the neuron, a specialised cell designed to transmit information to other nerve fibers, muscle cells, or gland cells. Neurons are cells of the neurological system that transmit data to certain other nerve, muscle, and cell organelles. Axons, cell bodies, and dendrites are features found in the majority of neurons.
Why are neurons important?Neurons carry information throughout the entire human body. Using chemical and electrical signals, they help to coordinate all of life's essential processes.
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WHAT IS CELL THEORY?
Cell Theory is one of the basic
____ theories of biology.
Ideas about cells and_____
things evolved over_____
It is___ of____main parts.
Scientists from Germany Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden first put forth the idea that all plants and animals are composed of cells/cell theory in 1838.
The idea that cells proliferate, transmit genetic information, and provide essential structural, functional, and organizational components to both single-celled and multicellular organisms. According to the scientific theory known as "cell theory," which was initially put forth in the middle of the nineteenth century, all living beings are composed of cells, which also serve as the fundamental structural and organizing unit of all organisms. The fundamental building block of all creatures, cells also serve as the foundation for reproduction. The contemporary interpretation of cell theory holds the following concepts:
Cells experience energy flow. DNA is the genetic material that is transferred from cell to cell. All cells share the same fundamental chemical make-up.Learn more about cell theory
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Explain the ways in which science is applied and used to address a specific problem or issue.
Applied research is an approach used to address a particular, real-world problem that affects a person or organization.
An approach used to address a particular, practical problem impacting a person or group is called applied research. In order to identify solutions that could enhance health, address scientific issues, or create new technologies, businesses, academic institutions, and government agencies all use the scientific process of study and research.
Business uses applied research to expand their knowledge and create new product solutions. It enables businesses to recognize the unique requirements of their target markets, which helps them develop various business strategies that would enable them to meet those requirements.
Instead of acquiring information merely for the sake of it, applied research aims to address real-world issues. It may be argued that the aim of the applied scientist is to elevate human welfare.
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The net primary production of a pine forest on a lava flow on mount fuji is about 175,000kcal/m2/yr, and the plant respiration is estimated to be 115,000kcal/m2/yr. What is the total amount of energy transferred during photosynthesis for this ecosystem?.
The total amount of energy transferred during photosynthesis for this ecosystem equals 260,000 kcal/m2/yr.
In order to respond to this question, we must be aware of Energy gathered and transformed into chemical energy throughout photosynthesis is known as gross primary productivity (GPP). Net primary productivity (NPP) is the product of gross primary output and respiration rate.
Therefore, we must add NPP to the respiration rate in order to determine GPP. If, then
NPP = 165,000 kcal/m2 per year
R = 9.5 kcal/m2/year
NPP equals GPP - respiration
NPP equals GPP - respiration
NPP=GPP-Respiration
Therefore,
NPP + R, therefore GPP.
NPP+R= GPP
GPP is equal to 95,000 kcal/m2/yr plus 165,000 kcal/m2/yr.
GPP = 260 kcal/m2/year
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How are prokaryotic cells like eukaryotic cells?
Most fats and fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed and carried through the ______ system.
Most fats and fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed and carried through the lymphatic system.
Which circulatory system transports the majority of lipids and nutrients that are fat soluble?The lymphatic system's second job is to transfer lipids and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive tract to the venous circulation once they have been absorbed from the digestive system. Villi, which resemble fingers, cover the mucosa that borders the small intestine.
The majority of the nutrients in your meal are absorbed in your small intestine before being transported by your circulatory system to other areas of your body for storage or use. A special type of cell helps nutrients pass through the gut lining and into the circulation.
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What are the two circular dark purple structures that appear in the middle of the central red blood cell?
Plasmodium trophozoites are the two circular dark purple structures that appear in the middle of the central red blood cell.
Plasmodium falciparum's ring-shaped trophozoites (rings) are frequently slender and delicate, with an average diameter of 1/5 the size of a red blood cell. One or two chromatin dots may be present in rings. RBCs that have been infected multiple times are not uncommon, and they can be detected on the RBC's periphery.The most lethal form of malaria in humans is caused by the unicellular protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Falciparum malaria, the most serious type of the illness, is brought on by the parasite and is spread through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito.To know more about plasmodium visit:
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Match the property of water to its description
Matching the Property of water
Water molecules stick together due to cohesion.
Water molecules adhere to other substances.
High surface tension causes the bonds that keep water molecules together to flex and stretch before breaking.
Water can store a lot of heat before transitioning from a liquid to a gas due to its high heat of vaporization.
Water has a high specific heat, which means it can store a lot of heat without altering its appearance. Cold water seems to be warm water.
Evaporative cooling: Because water can transmit heat, it is employed to assist terrestrial creatures regulate their body temperature.
Ice floats because its crystalline lattice makes it less dense than liquid water.
Many chemicals may dissolve in water and are so transported via the body's water.
Cohesion [Select] Adhesion [Select] a surface with a high surface tension High evaporation temperatures [Select] [Select] a high specific heat [Select] Evaporative cooling Water that is solid is less dense than water that is liquid. The solvent you choose. Water retains a lot of heat without changing its appearance; cold water seems to be warm. Quick boiling occurs when using low heat. Since water can transfer heat, it is utilized to help keep terrestrial species' bodies at a constant temperature. Bonds keeping water molecules together will flex and stretch before breaking. Water molecules bind to other things. In the winter, London is colder than Chicago. Heat may be stored in water for a long time before it turns into a gas. Ice is produced by the crystalline matrix of ice.
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Epithelial tissue described as many layers of thin flat cells is classified as
Stratified
Simple
Transitional
Squamous
Pseudostratified
Cuboidal
Columnar
Epithelial tissue described as many layers of thin flat cells is classified as stratified tissue.
What are epithelial tissue?
Epithelial tissue are widespread amongst the body. They form the covering of a body surface. Epithelium tissue is found in variety of functions such as protection, excretion, filtration and diffusion.
Epithelial tissue are of different types : Cuboidal, columnar and squamous. Simple cuboidal epithelium is found in glandular tissue and in kidney tubules.
Pseudostratified epithelium is found in respiratory tracts and the male reproductive tract. Glandular epithelium is specilized to produce and secrete substance. Squamous epithelium is flattened, polygonal tissue found in the skin tissue.
Therefore, Epithelial tissue described as many layers of thin flat cells is classified as stratified tissue.
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using figure 1.1, explain why there are higher air temperatures are found closer to the surface and just beyond the
ozone layer.
Due to the ozone layer's increasing absorption of UV radiation, the temperature in the stratosphere typically rises as height does.
Define ozone layer.The stratosphere, the second layer of the Earth's atmosphere, has layers, one of which being the ozone layer. Our globe is covered in a layer of shielding gases known as the stratosphere.
Because it is stratified, or layered, the stratosphere gets its name. The stratosphere warms up as elevation rises. Because the ozone gases in the upper layers absorb strong UV energy from the sun, the stratosphere gets warmer as it gets higher.
Life on Earth benefits from the ozone layer's protective role.
The radiation known as ultraviolet radiation, or UV light, which may damage DNA molecules in plants and animals, can penetrate organisms' protective layers like the skin, is well-trapped by ozone. UVB and UVA are the two main categories of ultraviolet light.
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Why must the glandular tissue be close to the capillaries?
In which phase of microbial growth does the number of dead microbial cells exceed the number of live cells? select one:
a. lag
b. log
c. stationary
d. death
The number of dead microbial cells outnumbers the number of live cells during the stationary phase of microbial development.
What purpose do microbial cells serve?Cytoplasm - The processes for cell development, metabolism, and replication take place in the cytoplasm, or protoplasm, of bacterial cells. The term "microbial cells" is used in a very broad sense to refer to any type of cell that has ribosomes, a chromosome, or plasmids. It is a gel-like matrix made up of water, enzymes, nutrients, wastes, and gases. This phrase is used to describe a wide variety of life forms, including bacteria, archaea, fungus, and protists, all of which have drastically varied sizes and properties. Microorganisms can have a single cell, a cell colony, or a multicellular or acellular structure (lacking cells). They consist of bacteria, viruses, algae, fungus, protozoa, and archaea.Microbes with a single cell and no nucleus are known as bacteria.To learn more about microbial cells, refer to:
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A specialized protein in saliva breaks up starch molecules in food into smaller chains of simple sugars. In this reaction, which molecule is the enzyme, which is the substrate, and which is the product?.
A specialized protein in saliva breaks up starch molecules in food into smaller chains of simple sugars. In this reaction, specialized protein is the enzyme, starch molecules are the substrate and the product is the smaller chains of simple sugars.
In the field of science, we can describe enzymes are a kind of proteins that lower the activation energy of a reaction, hence speeding up a reaction. In the reaction above, specialized proteins that help in breaking down starch molecules are the enzyme.
Each enzyme has an active site into which only a specific substrate can fit and get catalyzed. In the scenario above, starch molecules are the substrates as they are the ones being catalyzed.
The products are the resulting substances that are produced after catalysis. In the case above, as smaller chains of simple sugars are the ending results, hence they are the products.
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Read the sentence. then answer the question that follows. the actor's final performance was galvanizing; as a result, everyone in the audience was mesmerized. which type of context clue would you use to determine the meaning of galvanizing? antonym cause and effect example inference
The actor's final performance was galvanizing; as a result, everyone in the audience was mesmerized. From this we can conclude that the clue from the context that could be used to know about the meaning of galvanizing is “the audience was mesmerized''.
We can know about the meaning of the word galvanizing by reading it further how the audience was mesmerized. Thus, the context clue is that the word is something that is a synonym of mesmerized or expresses the same feeling of being mesmerized.
Galvanizing originally means excite or energized and its antonym is demotivated or bored. For example, the figure skater's performance was galvanizing.
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The body's stress reaction that includes an increase in heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol is known as the:________
The body's stress reaction that includes an increase in heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol is known as the fight or flight response.
We can simply describe a fight or flight response as a mixture of multiple reactions that occurs when our body tends to respond to stress. The method by which each individual reacts to stress or a dangerous situation is referred to as the fight or flight response.
Some of the common characteristics that a body feels at the time of fight or flight response include tachycardia, pupil dilation, anxiety, severe sweating, heavy breathing rhythm, changes in blood pressure, etc.
Various hormones influence the fight-or-flight response and help a person in coping up with stress or dangerous situation. This kind of response either tells the body of an individual to fight a situation or to flee from it.
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The __________ is a thin fiber that carries signals away from the cell body. a. axon b. dendrite c. neuron d. glial cell please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Answer:
Axon, also called nerve fibre, portion of a nerve cell (neuron) that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.
Explanation:
Letter A.
7.
message
Which best describes how winds in the jet stream blow?
No pattern
Between two boundaries of hot air
Between two boundaries of cold air
Between a boundary of cold air and a boundary of hot air
Answer:
D.
Explanation:
Between a boundary of cold air and a boundary of hot air
Autonomic motor neurons can be blank______, while somatic motor neurons are always excitatory.
Autonomic motor neurons can be stimulatory or inhibitory, while somatic motor neurons are always excitatory.
What is an autonomic nervous system?The autonomic nervous system is a component of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary physiologic processes like heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal.It is divided into three anatomical divisions: sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric.Motor neurons' post-ganglionic axonal processes in the autonomic ganglia innervate organs and tissues throughout the body."Autonomic motoneurons" or "final motoneurons" are motor neurons found in the autonomic ganglia. The hypothalamus is the primary brain site for autonomic nervous system central control, and the paraventricular nucleus is the primary hypothalamic site for this control. Some symptoms of an autonomic nerve disorder include dizziness and fainting when standing up, as well as orthostatic hypotension.To learn more about Autonomic nervous system:
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Hi can someone please help me with this!!
Section A;
Hypothesis - If birds seed A is used then more cardinals are attracted.
Prediction - Bird seed A attracts cardinals the most
Section B;
Hypothesis - If a chemical spray is used, then the number of mosquitoes decreases
Prediction - Chemical sprays are the most effective mosquito repellants
Section C;
Hypothesis - If snickers candy is used, then kids are happiest
Prediction - Snickers candy makes kids happiest
What is an experiment?An experiment is an interlay of variables- the independent variable and the dependent variable. The independent variable is the variable that we have to manipulate in the experiment while the dependent variable is the variable that changes as we change the independent variable.
Let us now try to write the hypothesis in each case;
Section A;
Hypothesis - If birds seed A is used then more cardinals are attracted.
Prediction - Bird seed A attracts cardinals the most
Section B;
Hypothesis - If a chemical spray is used, then the number of mosquitoes decreases
Prediction - Chemical sprays are the most effective mosquito repellants
Section C;
Hypothesis - If snickers candy is used, then kids are happiest
Prediction - Snickers candy makes kids happiest
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