which of the following are spontaneous processes? 1. ice melting at 1atm and 298 k (assume only ice is initially present). 2. heat flowing from a hot object to a cold object. 3. an iron bar rusting.
The following are spontaneous processes are : 1. ice melting at 1atm and 298 k (assume only ice is initially present). 2. heat flowing from a hot object to a cold object. 3. an iron bar rusting.
The spontaneous process is the process which occur without the outside source and within the system. so, the spontaneous process is that occurs by its own without any external source of energy from the out side . the given process are :
ice melting at 1atm and 298 k (assume only ice is initially present) heat flowing from a hot object to a cold objectan iron bar rustingThus, These all given process are the spontaneous process. which occurs by its own without any external source.
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The chemical name of Co2(CO3)3 is:a) Cobalt carbonate b)Cobalt (III) carbonate c)Cobalt (Il) carbonate d)Cobalt (III) carbonate (II)
Answer:
Option B is the correct answer
Cobalt (III) carbonate
Explanation:
The chemical name of CO₂(CO₃)₃ is Cobalt (III) carbonate
Which of the following substances is NOT a solution? A) humid air B) beer C) oxygen D) steel E) All of the above are solutions_
Substances which is not a solution is : E) All of the above are solutions
A solution is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances. Humid air is a mixture of water vapor and air, but it is not homogenous, so it is not a solution. Beer is a mixture of water, hops, barley, and yeast, but it is not homogenous, so it is not a solution. Oxygen is an element, not a mixture of substances, so it is not a solution. Steel is an alloy, which is a mixture of two or more metals, but it is not homogenous, so it is not a solution.
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what is the average kinetic energy of 4.51 mol of a gas of molar mass 33.8 g/mol and rms speed 866 m/s
Answer:
A big load of icecream/ loaded cake.
Explanation:
in an aqueous chloride solution cobalt(ii) exists in equilibrium with the complex ion . is pink and is blue. at low temperature the pink color predominates. at high temperature the blue color is strong. if we represent the equilibrium as: we can conclude that:
For the given condition, we can conclude that the reaction is an endothermic reaction and to maintain equilibrium the reaction shifts to right side.
Co²⁺(aq) + 4Cl⁻(aq) ⇄ CoCl₄²⁻(aq).
Endothermic reactions are reactions where the reactants absorb heat from its surrounding while the formation of product. These reactions usually reduce the surrounding temperature.
In the given condition it is said that cobalt (ii) exists in equilibrium with complex ion, is blue and pink in color. At low temperature the pink color dominates and at higher temperature, the blue color dominates.
As the given reaction is a reversible reaction, it is easier to maintain the equilibrium. The reaction forms more products in order to maintain the equilibrium. Thus, the reaction absorbs heat and shifts towards right side making the blue color predominant at higher temperature.
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When the friction slider was increased to about ¼, the skater completed ___ loops before failing?
When the friction slider was increased to about ¼, the skater completed less loops before failing?
What is friction?We can define the friction that is acting on the object as the kind of force that is acting on an object so as to reduce the speed of the object. As such, we can see that we have a situation whereby we have an object that is in motion.
If an object is in motion, we know that the force that tries to slow down the object is the force of the friction that is acting on the object that is in question. The skater is also under the action of the force of friction and this is the force that is attempting to slow the skater down as described above.
The loops would decrease when the friction is increased as such the skater can not be able to do as much loops as before.
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write a word equation for these (PLEASE!)
a) iron + oxygen ----> iron oxide
b) silver + oxygen -----> silver oxide
c) tin + chlorine -----> Tin chloride
What is a word equation?We know that a word equation is the kind of equation that does not show us the symbols of the compounds or the elements that are taking part in the reaction.
In this case we have a number of reactions that have taken place here and we have been asked to show the reactants and the products as word equations. The word equations must show the reactants and the products of the reaction here.
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for this question consider the figure to the right shows an energy level diagram for a certain atom
1) The atom's ground state is A
2) There are two states of excitement
3) The line spectrum has three lines.
4) The wavelength of the transition A-B is the shortest.
5) The transition between B and C has the longest wavelength.
The energy diagram is what.
We are aware that the energy diagram relates to the way in which the atom's electrons can be grouped into different energy levels. The ground state, the lowest energy level, would always be where the energy levels would start. The excited states of the atom or the molecules, depending on the situation, are the other higher energy levels that are above the ground state of the atom.
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which fields are significantly involved in food engineering?
Answer:
math and science
Explanation:
Math , science (biology, chemistry and physics) with advance courses in food chemistry, microbiology, food processing operation and engineering design.
a gas is in a container with a piston lid and is taken from thermodynamic state, 1, to a new thermo-dynamic state, 2, by several different paths, a, b, and c, in the p-v plane. the internal energy of the gas increases during the process. the work done by the gas is largest for path
The area under the curve in a PV diagram represents the work done to the gas. If the area is maximum, the amount of work completed will be at its highest. In this scenario, area is maximal when we take path A.
The related changes in volume and pressure in a system are represented by a pressure-volume diagram, also known as a PV diagram or a volume-pressure loop. Thermodynamics, cardiovascular physiology, and respiratory physiology all frequently use them. The fourth and most basic state of matter is gas (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma). It's possible for atoms to make up a pure gas.
W = P*(change in volume) = 1.7*1.01*5.8*105 is the formula for the work completed.
W = 9.96*10^5J
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Which of the following is the disadvantage(s) of hydrogen? a) Inflammability b) Leaking c) Explosive limit d) All of the mentioned.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
both of them are true according to me
when you change the number of __ you change the element: (5 points) electrons neutrons protons
That element transforms because when atomic number has been modified. The three fundamental types of components that comprise an atom are proton, neutrons, and nuclei.
What does an atomic number mean?The number of neutrons corresponds to the quantity more protons in the nucleus of the atom. No mater how many neutrons are present, an element's identity is determined by its number of protons; for example, an element with six atoms is a carbon atom. The count of protons in the nucleus is the atomic number.
Why does atomic number matter more?The electron count in an element is indicated by the atomic number. The majority of an element's chemical properties are determined by the electrons in their valency shell, which is their outer energy shell.
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Answer:
c. protons
Explanation:
got it right on the flexpoint test
Draw an MO energy diagram and predict the bond order of Be2+ and Be2-. Do you expect these molecules to exist in the gas phase?
Both have a bond order of +12, both Be+2 and Be−2 will exist in gas phase. The Be2bond +'s order is Because the bond orders of Be2+ and Be2 are both 1/2,
which are both negative and positive, the bond order of Bez is 0 and can exist in the gas phase. A molecular orbital diagram, often known as a MO diagram, is a qualitative descriptive tool used to explain chemical bonding in molecules using the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) approach and general molecular orbital theory. These theories are based on the fundamental idea that as atoms join together to form molecules, a specific number of atomic bond order combine to create the same number of molecular orbitals, even though the orbitals' electrons may be distributed differently. When discussing even comparatively simple bond order polyatomic compounds, like methane, this method gets more complicated. It works very well for simple diatomic molecules like dihydrogen, dioxygen, and carbon monoxide.
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water can be formed in the following reaction: 2h2 o2 --> 2h2o if you have 8 moles of hydrogen gas (h2), how many moles of oxygen gas (o2) will you need to make as much water as possible?
The number moles of oxygen gas (o2) will you need to make as much water as possible is 4 moles.
The chemical reaction is given as :
2H₂ + O₂ ---> 2H₂O
according to the reaction :
1 mole of O₂ react with the 2 moles of the hydrogen gas to produce 2 moles of the water.
2 moles of the H₂ = 1 moles of O₂
8 moles of the H₂ = 8 × 1/ 2 = 4 moles of O₂
Thus, water can be formed in the following reaction: 2H₂ + O₂ ---> 2H₂O if you have 8 moles of hydrogen gas (H₂), moles of oxygen gas ( O₂) will you need to make as much water as possible is 4 moles.
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4. The molar mass of starch is 359.33 g/mol. Given that the concentration of starch in the reaction mixture is 0.006% m/v, a. Calculate the molarity of starch in the reaction mixture. b. If 3 drops of a starch solution were added to the reaction mixture to obtain a concentration of 0.006% m/v, and each drop is 0.05 mL, calculate the molarity of the starch solution.
359.33 g/mol is indeed the molar mass for starch. In light of the reaction mixture's 0.006% m/v starch concentration.
What exactly are molar mass and mol?The SI unit used to measure a material's amount is the mole. The word "mol" is used to denote it. It is also referred to as the area of a substance containing an equal number of distinct entities. A substance's molar mass is the weight in kilograms with one mole of that substance.
What exactly are molarity and normality?As a double of molarity, normality can be defined. While "molarity" refers to the amount of a substance or ion in a liquid, "normality" relates to the molarity of just the base or acid component, respectively.
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2. Which process best demonstrates a chemical change in distilled water?
A. Freezing the water
B. Separating the water into its
elements
C. Calculating the water's density
D. Dissolving sugar in the water
A chemical change involves breaking or making or chemical bonds and the formation of new products. Thus, the separating water into its elements breaks a chemical bond and it is a chemical change.
What is a chemical change?A chemical change involves breaking or making of chemical bonds and the formation of new products. Whereas, a physical change involves no changes for chemical bonds.
Changes in states, dissolving solutes, freezing etc are physical changes and does not involves formation of new products. Measuring physical quantities are based on these physical changes.
Water when decompose into its constituent elements, it is undergoing a chemical change. Here, elements separated from water are the products of this decomposition reaction. Thus, option B is correct.
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Draw a correct Lewis structure for XeI2 (Xe in middle, surrounded by I's ) that puts a 0 formal charge on all atoms. How many lone pairs (unshared pairs) are on the central atom? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) A 0.3876 gram sample of a gaseous compound occupies 142 mL at 150 degrees C and 775 torr. What is the molar mass of the compound? Assume ideal behavior. M = dRT/P M = molar mass Hint: you must convert torr to atm 760 torr = 1 atm Hint: you must convert oC to K by adding 273 Hint: you must convert mL to L
1) The Lewis structure will be:
Xe
|
I--I
In this structure, the xenon atom is surrounded by two iodine atoms, which are bonded to it through single bonds. Each iodine atom has one lone pair of electrons, for a total of 2 lone pairs on the central atom (xenon).
2) The molar mass of the gaseous compound is 0.416 g/mol.
To draw a correct Lewis structure for XeI2, we need to first count the number of valence electrons in the molecule. Xenon is a noble gas and has 8 valence electrons, while iodine has 7 valence electrons for a total of 23 valence electrons. To satisfy the octet rule and put a 0 formal charge on all atoms, we can use the following Lewis structure:
Xe
|
I--I
To find the molar mass of the gaseous compound, we can use the ideal gas law:
M = dRT/P
Where M is the molar mass, d is the density, R is the ideal gas constant, T is the temperature, and P is the pressure.
Given that the density of the gas is 0.3876 grams/142 mL = 0.002736 grams/mL, the temperature is 150 + 273 = 423 K, the pressure is 775 torr = 775/760 atm = 1.0132 atm, and the ideal gas constant is 0.08206 L·atm/mol·K.
We can calculate the molar mass as follows:
M = (0.002736 g/mL) * (0.08206 L·atm/mol·K / (1.0132 atm)) * (423 K)
M = 0.416 g/mol
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determine the range in ph in which 0.050 m cu2 can be quantitatively separated from 0.050 m mg2 by precipitation with oh- . the ksp for cu(oh)2 is 19.32 and the ksp for mg(oh)2 is 11.15.
The Ph range is 4.991 TO 9.076.
The dissolution of Mg(oh)2 is decreased by
Mg(oh)2 → Mg 2+ + 2OH-
PKsp = 11.15
Ksp = [tex]10^{-11.5}[/tex]
OH- = 7.07 × [tex]10^{-12}[/tex]/0.050
Poh = - log 7.07 × [tex]10^{-12}[/tex] = 4.924
The Ph range is 9.076
The dissolution of Cu(oh)2 is decreased by
Cu(oh)2 → Cu 2+ + 2OH-
PKsp = 19.32
Ksp = [tex]10^{-19.32}[/tex]
OH- = 9.7863 × [tex]10^{-10}[/tex]
Poh = - log 9.7863 × [tex]10^{-10}[/tex] = 9.009
The Ph range is 4.991 to 9.076
Water's pH is a gauge of how acidic or basic it is. The range is 0 to 14, with 7 serving as the neutral value. Acidity is indicated by pH values below 7, whereas baseness is shown by pH values over 7. In reality, pH is a measurement of the proportion of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water. Water that contains more free. hydrogen ions. is acidic, whereas water. that contains. more free hydroxyl. ions is basic. Since chemicals in the water can change pH, pH is a crucial sign of a chemical change in the water. "Logarithmic units" are used to express pH. Each value corresponds to a 10-fold variation in the water's acidity or basicity. Water with a pH. of 5 is 10 times. more acidic. than water.
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how are the orders of the reactants in the rate law determined? by doing an experiment they are the coefficients in front of the balanced equation i have to ask the professor none of the above
rate is directly propotional to [tex][concentration]^{[order]}[/tex]
orders of the reactants in the rate law determined by diong an experiment
It is an experimental concept
option 1 correct
kinetics tells you speed of the reaction , kinetics tells you how fast you how fast the reaction is occurring
A rate term expresses the response in terms of changes in reactant or product concentrations over time. Reaction rates can be expressed in terms of either reactants or products in a reaction.
There are several rules for writing rate equations:
1) Reaction equations have a negative sign. This is because reactants are depleted or diminished.
2) The product description is positive. It's because you gain weight.
3) All rate equations for different reactants and products must be the same to be accurate. (This means that the equation must be corrected for reaction stoichiometry)
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explain the chemistry underlying the disinfection of water by chlorination. what is the active agent in the destruction of the pathogens? what are the practical sources of the active ingredient?
The chemistry underlying the disinfection of water by chlorination involves the use of chlorine to oxidize and kill pathogens in the water.
Chlorine is the active agent in the destruction of the pathogens, and it works by breaking up the cell walls of the bacteria and other microorganisms.
The practical sources of the active ingredient include chlorine gas, hypochlorite, and chlorine dioxide.
Chlorine gas is usually produced in a laboratory and is then added to the water. Hypochlorite is a salt that can be added to the water, while chlorine dioxide is a gas that is typically applied in the form of tablets or powder.
Chlorination is a process used to disinfect water by adding chlorine or a chlorine-containing compound, such as sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite. Chlorine is a powerful oxidant, which reacts with the organic materials in the water, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, to form compounds that are toxic to many bacteria and viruses. The active agent in the destruction of the pathogens is the chlorine.
The practical sources of the active ingredient are chlorine gas, sodium and calcium hypochlorite. Chlorine gas is the most common form used for disinfecting water and is typically used in larger municipal water systems. It is released into the water as a gas and quickly breaks down into free chlorine, which is the active disinfectant. Sodium and calcium hypochlorite are chlorine compounds that are in a liquid or solid form. They are used in smaller water systems and require the addition of other chemicals to make them effective disinfectants.
When chlorine is added to water, it reacts with the water molecules to form hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite ion (ClO-). The hypochlorous acid is the active disinfectant that kills or inactivates the microorganisms in the water.
It is a strong oxidizing agent and reacts with the proteins and cell walls of the microorganisms, destroying them. The hypochlorite ion is a weaker oxidizing agent and is responsible for the long-term disinfection of the water. It reacts with the organic material in the water to form compounds that are toxic to microorganisms.
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2.) the lym.an series is brighter than the balmer series because this series of transitions ends up in the most common state for hydrogen, the ground state. why then was the balmer series discovered first?
The balmer series for hydrogen was discovered first because it lies in the visible domain of the spectrum, although the lym.an series is brighter because it exhibits a series of transitions in its more common state.
What is the balmer series?It is the set of lines derived from the emission of the hydrogen atom when an electron transits from a level n ≥ 3 to n = 2. n represents the principal quantum number referring to the energy level of the electron.
What is the lyman or lym series?It is the set of lines produced by the emission of the hydrogen atom when an electron transits from n ≥ 2 to n = 1.
There is another series called Paschen series, which corresponds to a level less than or equal to 3
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What does 1:1 dilution mean in chemistry?
Answer:
It means an equal volume of both the solvent & the solute
Explanation:
give the iupac name for the following compounds.
Name Methane CH4,Butane C4H10,Acetone CH3COCH3 ,Toluene Acetylene CH3C6H5, Ethyl C2H2 ,Alcohol C2H5OH
The following compound is CH3 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3, but what is its IUPAC name?Answer and justification A longest carbon chain in the above diagram has seven carbon atoms, as can be observed.The IUPAC nomenclature for this compound is heptane since all of the bonds are single bonds devoid of any functional groups.
What is this compound's IUPAC name, CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH?When there are nine carbons, the word non is the root.Therefore, nonane is the IUPAC term for CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3.
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What reaction does a vitamin KH2-dependent enzyme catalyze? View Available Hint(s)
O It decarboxylates the y-carbon of a glutamate side chain.
O It carboxylates the y-carbon of an aspartate side chain.
O It carboxylates the ycarbon of a glutamate side chain.
O It carboxylates the ycarbon of a glutamine side chain.
O It carboxylates the P-carbon of a glutamate side chain.
Submit PartQ CoASH is used to activate carboxylic acids. What type of compound is formed between CoASH and a carboxylic acid? View Available Hint(s)
O anhydride
O thioether
O amide
O thioester
O mixed anhydride with phosphate
Submit ▼ Part H What role does ATP play in biotin-dependent enzymes?
O It puts a good leaving group on bicarbonate.
O It provides a strong base.
O It provides a strong nucleophile.
O It delocalizes electrons
O It reduces bicarbonate.
Submit Request Answer Part F TPP is the coenzyme required by pyruvate decarboxylase. What product is formed in that reaction? View Avallable Hint(s)
O acetaldehyde
O butanal
O formaldehyde
O acetone
O propanal
Submit
Q1.vitamin KH2 dependent enzyme catalyses:Carboxylates the gamma carbon of glutamate side chain, Q2. Thioester is formed between coASH and carboxylic Acid.
Organosulfur compounds called thioesters with the functional group RSC(=O)R'. The thio- prefix implies that they are equivalent to carboxylate esters (ROC(=O)R'), with the sulfur in the thioester serving as the connecting oxygen in the carboxylate ester. Thioesters are important in metabolism. The metabolism of fatty acids is a good example of this. Acetyl CoA, the primary metabolite, is an ester that is primarily created by the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate or by the breakdown of fatty acids.
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List modern evidence of Wegener’s Theory of Plate Tectonics.
Answer: proposed that the continents were like icebergs floating on heavier crust.
Explanation:
the absolute age of an igneous rock can best be determined by; which radioactive element is used to determine the absolute age of late pleistocene animal remains?; which graph best represents the radioactive decay of uranium-238 into lead-206?; where do the oldest rocks found in an undisturbed rock profile; which of the following represents the longest time period?; why are radioactive substances useful for measuring geologic time?; which process is involved when sedimentary rocks are arranged in layer?; an archaeologist found an ancient skeleton estimated to be 10000
The radioactive element rubidium-87, which is used to estimate that absolute age of pliocene animal carcasses, is the best way to calculate the age of a volcanic rock.
What makes certain substances radioactive?why certain elements are unstable to radioactivity. When an element's atoms contain excess neutrons or protons, the extra energy produced in the nucleus causes the atom to lose its equilibrium or become unstable. if and how radioactive materials can become stable. Radiation is produced by radioactive atoms' unstable nuclei.
What element is the most radioactive?Polonium. Many sources list polonium as being the most radioactive substance due to the fact that it is a naturally occurring element that emits a significant amount of radiation. Because of how radioactive polonium is, it glows blue due to the activation of
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a pollutant decays with a first-order rate constant of 0.726 min-1. calculate the half-life of the pollutant (in minutes).
A pollutant decays with a first order rate constant of 0.726 min⁻¹ . The half life of the pollutant will be 0.95 minutes.
Half -life of a chemical reaction is defined as , " the time taken for the concentration of a given reactant to reach half or 50% of its initial concentration" .
Half life of a first order reaction is given as
t(1/2) = 0.693/ K
where K is the rate constant.
given,
here, rate constant is k= 0.726 min⁻¹
therefore, half life of the pollutant:
t(1/2) = 0.693/ 0.726 min⁻¹
t(1/2) =0.95 min
Thus, the half-life of the pollutant is 0.95 minutes
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five-gram samples of granite, basalt, iron, and copper at room temperature are placed in a beaker of boiling water. which sample would reach a temperature of 60c first?
since all metals have the same mass. As a result, copper metal will heat up more quickly than other metals.
Is the specific heat capacity of granite high?Gray granite has the highest specific heat of the materials by a wide margin, with a specific heat that is almost three tenths that of water. This indicates that it has a high heat capacity and that increasing its temperature demands a sizable amount of heat energy.
Which warms up more quickly, copper or liquid water?The substance with the lowest specific heat will warm up the quickest after it is added to the boiling water. Copper will reach 60°C first since it has the lowest specific heat, whereas water will do so last.
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in an acid base reaction between hcl and naoh, when 20.00 ml of a 0.1000 m naoh solution is titrated with a 0.2000 m hcl solution, what is the volume of hcl used to reach the equivalence point.
The volume of 0.2M HCl used to reach the equivalence point that was titrated with a 0.1M NaOH solution (based on titration formula) is 10mL.
What is titration?Titration, also known as titrimetry, is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the unknown concentration of an identified analyte. Since volume measurements play a key role in titration, it is also known as volumetric analysis.
How to calculate the volume of HCl?
Using the titration formula
Base = Acid
M₁ * V₁ = M₂ * V₂
Given from the question
M₁ (Molarity of NaOH) = 0.1M
V₁ (Volume of NaOH) = 20mL
M₂ (Molarity of HCl) = 0.2M
V₂ (Volume of HCl) = unknown
M₁ * V₁ = M₂ * V₂
0.1 * 20 = 0.2 * V₂
V₂ = 2 / 0.2
V₂ = 10mL
Therefore, the volume of HCl to reach the equivalence point is 10mL.
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critical thinking questions: 5. how many electrons are in each of the atomic orbitals of monatomic hydrogen? 6. how many electrons are in the molecular orbitals of diatomic hydrogen?
The number of electrons in each of the atomic orbitals of monoatomic hydrogen will be one electron. And the number of electrons in the molecular orbitals of diatomic hydrogen will be two electrons.
A hydrogen atom is electrically neutral, containing a single proton and a single electron bound to the nucleus by the Coulomb force. Hydrogen atoms are so reactive that they combine with almost all elements. Hydrogen contains 1 electron in 1 orbital.
Each such orbital can be occupied by a maximum of two electrons, each with its spin quantum number.
Orbitals are spaces that have a high probability of containing an electron. In other words, an orbital is an area where the electrons live.
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