Enthalpy and entropy are combined into a single quantity known as Gibbs free energy, or G. The product of the system's temperature and entropy, added to the enthalpy, equals the change in free energy, or G.
How is free Gibbs energy calculated?To calculate the entropy change, subtract the starting entropy from the end number. Use the same formula to determine the change in enthalpy. Add the temperature to the entropy change. To find the Gibbs free energy, deduct the product from the enthalpy change.
The free Gibbs energy of formation of CO at temperature 298k is -285.4kJ.
The balanced chemical reaction for CO to CO2 is
CO(g) + half O2(g) → CO2(g)
The expression for gibbs free energy change during the reaction is
ΔG⁻ = {G⁻(CO2)⁻ ₋ [G⁻(CO) + half G⁻(O2)]}
= { ₋394.4 ₋ [₋137.2 ₊ 0]}
= ₋257.2kJ
ΔG⁻ = ΔH⁻ ₋ 300 ×( -0.094)
or ΔH⁻ = -285.4kJ
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how does the vasomotor center control peripheral resistance?
Answer: This is simple. It continually sends sympathetic impulses to the smooth muscles in the arteriole walls.
To Explain: Keeping them in a state of tonic contraction, This will help maintain the peripheral resistance associated with normal blood pressure.
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There are __ ___________ that make up everything we know and love.
Answer:
There are 92 elements that make up everything we know and love.
Explanation:
If a hydrate of the formula mcly⋅xh2o decomposes when heated to produce hcl, what change would you expect to occur when a piece of blue litmus paper is held in the path of the vapor released?.
Blue litmus paper will turn red in an acidic solution.
Litmus paperLitmus paper is an indicator that can detect whether a solution is acidic or alkaline. Litmus paper is divided into red and blue litmus paper.
The addition of sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid causes the litmus paper to turn red. Red litmus paper will turn blue when dipped in an alkaline solution.
Blue litmus is litmus paper which has a blue color. If it is dropped or dipped in an alkaline solution, then the color will not change (it remains blue). If it is dropped or dipped in an acid solution, the blue litmus paper will turn red.
Red litmus paper turns blue when immersed in an alkaline solution, while blue litmus paper turns red when immersed in an acidic solution.
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Identify the dominant intermolecular force in ammonia (nh3). Given that ammonia is a gas at room temperature, what can you infer about the relative strengths of the intermolecular forces between ammonia molecules and between water molecules?.
The intermolecular interactions between water molecules are greater than those between ammonia molecules.
What conclusions may be drawn regarding the relative potency of the intermolecular interactions between ammonia and water molecules?In a certain state of matter, substances are bound together by intermolecular forces. Three different states of matter exist;
Solid, sLiquid, sGas .
The level of intermolecular contact between molecules is greatest when matter is solid. Liquid states have weaker intermolecular interactions, while gaseous states have the weakest intermolecular contacts.
Since ammonia is a gas at room temperature, its molecules interact with one another less strongly than those of water at the same temperature.
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review your observations of the reactions of the metals with ions in solution including the hydrogen ion. which ion was the most reactive?
Active series ions with the highest reactivity among metals.
What is an activity series?The simplicity of chemical reactions is the main difference between metals. The most active metals in terms of reactivity are those in the lower left corner of the periodic table. For example, water reacts with lithium, sodium and potassium. However, as you move down this pillar, the more metallic the elements become, the more reactive they become, thus accelerating the rate of this reaction.
The order in which metals are arranged in descending order of reactivity is called the reaction sequence or activity sequence of metals.
The list of active or electromotive series metals is arranged in order of increasing reactivity with hydrogen ion sources such as water and acids.
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The switch in the circuit in Fig. P7.12 has been a position 1 for a long time. At t = 0, the switch moves instantaneously to position 2. Find v0(I) for t 0 . For the circuit of Fig. P7.12, what percentage of the initial energy stored in the inductor is eventually dissipated in the 40 Ohm resistor? The switch in Fig. P7.14 has been closed for a long time before opening at t = 0. Find
The 40 Ohm resistors eventually lose 8.9% of the initial energy that was stored in the Inductor. Electrical component with two terminals that is passive and stores energy in its magnetic field.
What type of energy source does an inductor use?The ideal inductor receives electrical energy from the source at a rate of p = Ei. Inductance, unlike resistance, is unable to transform this energy into heat or light.
How does a continuous current affect the magnetic field?The magnetic field's stored energy is constant when the current is stable. Although the inductance of the real-world inductors doesn't store any extra energy.
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How many moles of Carbon are in 38 g of C
Answer:
It is exactly 0.67 moles of carbon.
How much heat is needed to raise 35 grams of gold from 25.0°C to 35.0°C? (The specific heat of gold is 0.13 J/g°C.)
45.2 J
-55.2 J
54.2 J
25.2 J
Answer:
45.5J
Explanation:
ΔT=10°C
specific heat=0.13J/g°C
mass Au=35g
heat=35g•0.13J/g°C•10°C
heat=45.5J=46J
NOTE:I apply significant figures here for the accuracy of the solution.
please rate it,Thanks.
The main lipids found in cell membranes are called?
A. Waxes
B. Steroids
C. Phospholipids
The main lipids found in cell membranes are called Phospholipids.
Explanation:The most abundant membrane lipids are the phospholipids. These have a polar head group and two hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails. The tails are usually fatty acids, and they can differ in length (they normally contain between 14 and 24 carbon atoms).
if you start with 1 m naoh and 40 ml of 1 m acetic acid, how many ml of the naoh will be required to reach the equivilence point?
40 ml of the NaOH is required to reach the equivalence point, if you start with 1 m NaOH and 40 ml of 1 m acetic acid.
What is molarity?The molarity of a substance refers to how much of it is present in a given volume of solution (M). Molarity is the measure of the amount of solute per liter of solution. Molarity is also referred to as a solution's molar concentration.
Let the volume of NaOH is V ml.
molarity of NaOH (M₁) is 1 m.
Moles of NaOH(n₁) = molarity × volume
n₁ = 1 × V
n₁ = V mmol
Molarity of CH₃COOH (acetic acid) is 1M
Volume of CH₃COOH is 40ml.
moles of CH₃COOH = 40 × 1
moles of CH₃COOH = 40 mmol
Reaction:
NaOH (aq) + CH₃COOH(aq) → CH₃COO⁻Na⁺(s) + H₂O
At equivalent point:
moles of acid = moles of base
moles of CH₃COOH = moles of NaOH
40 mml = V mml
∴ V= 40 ml
NaOH required is 40 ml.
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hat is the temperature of the filament, in degrees celcius (degc), when the bulb is on? the filament is made of tungsten.
The temperature of the filament, in degrees Celsius when the bulb is on the filament is made of tungsten is 2500 °C - 3000 °C.
The material used as filament is tungsten . the limit of working temperature of tungsten is 2500 °C - 3000 °C. The tungsten used as a filament in blub because it is an alloy. tungsten have high melting point. tungsten does not burn at room temperature because of high resistivity , it glows the bulb at high temperature.
Thus, The temperature of the filament, in degrees Celsius when the bulb is on the filament is made of tungsten is 2500 °C - The3000 °C.
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flammable liquid is being pumped out of a drum into a bucket using a hand pump. describe an appropriate grounding and bonding procedure.
When transferring flammable liquids from storage drums to smaller electrically conductive containers, bonding and grounding are required. In any workplace, you should do the same whenever you move these liquids between conductive containers.
What exactly occurs in this case?Ground dispensing drums in the area for storing and dispensing flammable liquids. Connecting the container to an already grounded, electrically conductive object grounds it. This could be a grounded metal construction framework, a buried metal plate, a metallic subsurface gas piping system, or metal water pipes. Sparks are prevented from discharging by bonding the two containers together and grounding one of them. All connections for bonding and grounding must be made from bare metal to bare metal.
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identify the kind of chemical catalysis and then identify which of the given amino acids can act as a catalyst for the reaction.
The kind of chemical catalysis is covalent catalysis and among the given amino acids lysine will act as a catalyst for the reaction.
The generation of iminium ions in the transition state of the reaction confirms that it is a covalent catalysis. lysine is the only amino acid that can catalyze the iminium ion generated in the transition state of the reaction.
So the answer for the type of catalysis is covalent catalysis, and the answer for the type of amino acid among the given amino acids that can catalyze the reaction is lysine.
Complete question: (Reaction is attached as a picture)
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to what volume should you dilute 0.200 l of a 15.0 m naoh solution to obtain a 3.00 m naoh solution?
It should be diluted to 1 litre from 0.2 litre.
What is molarity?
A solution is a chemical mixture of two or more substances in which neither substance changes chemically. For instance, salt water is a solution composed of water (the solvent) and salt (the solute). The concentration of a solution is the amount of dissolved ingredient. In other words, it refers to how much things has been blended into your beverage. Molarity is the standard unit of concentration.
The number of moles of a solute per litre of solution is referred to as molarity. We'd want to know how many moles of salt are in 1 litre of water if we wanted to determine the molarity of our saltwater solution.
Initially moles of NaOH = molarity * volume in litres
= 0.2 * 15 M = 3 moles
Now final molarity = 3 M
So volume = moles/ molarity of solution = 3/3 = 1 litre.
So it should be diluted to 1 litre from 0.2 litre.
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What could happen if they are tumbled rapidly? What could happen if they are tumbled rapidly?
If they are tumbled quickly, they might stick together because the static charge produced is now strong enough to do so, but it might not be close enough.
What creates static electricity?When dipoles are not in equilibrium, static electricity is produced. While electrons want to hop all over the place, the neutrons and protons don't move around too much. An item (or person) has a negative charge when it possesses excess electrons.
What is referred to as static electricity?Negative and positive charges inside an object must balance out for there to be no static electricity. Until they discover a method to be freed or discharged, these charges may accumulate on an object's surface. Through a circuit is one approach to discharge them.
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A colorimeter is an instrument used to measure the amount of _________ absorbed by a solution. This absorbance is proportional to the __________of the solute in solution.
A colorimeter is an instrument used to measure the amount of light absorbed by a solution. This absorbance is proportional to the concentration of the solute in solution.
A colorimeter is a photosensitive device used to measure the transmission and absorption of light through liquid samples. Colorimetric devices also measure the intensity or concentration of color produced when a particular reagent is introduced into a solution. The
colorimeter is based on his two basic laws of photometry.
Beer's Law: This law states that the amount of light absorbed is always proportional to the concentration of dissolved substances in solution.
Log10 Io/It = asC
where 'C' is the concentration of the solution and 'as' is the absorption index.
Lambert's law: A = log10 Io/It = asb ,
"as" is standard absorbance, "A" is test absorbance, "b" is solution thickness/length. The disappearance of transitions depends on two extrinsic assumptions. The absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration (c) of the sample solution used in the experiment. Absorbance is directly proportional to the optical path length (l).
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fourier transform techniques using an interferometer have not been used in uv-vis spectroscopy because
Fourier Transform techniques using an interferometer not used in UV-Vis spectroscopy because UV-Vis spectral regions require high level of stability.
The purpose of interferometer is to divide a single light beam into two separate ones so that the two beams follow different directions. But the atmosphere can cause vibrations in FT spectrometers, which can be bulky. These drawbacks prevent them from being effectively used in the UV-VIS spectral regions, which demand a high level of stability. While a broadband infrared source's wavelength is modulated by the FTIR spectrometer using an interferometer. Hence a detector determines how much light is transmitted or reflected in relation to its wavelength.
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Oxygen and chlorine gas are mixed in a container with partial pressures of 401 mmhg and 0. 639 atm, respectively. What is the total pressure inside the container (in atm)?.
The total pressure inside the container is 1.167 atm.
According to Dalton's law of partial pressures, the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each of the constituent of the gases. The partial pressure is defined as the pressure each gas would exert if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature.
we can calculate the contribution of different gases in a mixture to the total pressure. We refer to the pressure exerted by a specific gas in a mixture as its partial pressure. The partial pressure of a gas can generally be calculated using the ideal gas law.
According to daltons law of partial pressure
[tex]P_{total}[/tex] = [tex]P_{1}[/tex] + [tex]P_{2}[/tex]
we know that 760mm Hg is equal to 1atm
So, 401mm Hg will have = 401 ÷ 760 ⇒ 0.527 atm
Hence , [tex]P_{total}[/tex] = 0.527 + 0.639 ⇒ 1.166 atm
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A measurement of the heat produced when a known amount of sugar burns in a constant volume calorimeter would enable us to first calculate the.
For the burning of sugar, there is a molar internal energy change. For a comb calorimeter, w=0 because Delta V=0 and Delta E=q+w. So Delta
E = q.
What about water makes it a suitable medium for heat transfer in calorimetry?Water may absorb a lot of heat energy because of its large specific heat capacity without boiling or even significantly changing its temperature. Water is a useful medium for heat exchange in calorimetry because of this.
Heat transfer rates to or from a substance are measured using calorimetry. Heat is transferred to do this using a calibrated item (calorimeter). Calculating the quantity of heat transmitted by the process under study requires using the temperature change recorded by the calorimeter.
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nitrogen gas is collected over water at a temperature of 50.0 oc. what is the partial pressure of the nitrogen gas if the total pressure is 800.0 mm hg?
The partial pressure of nitrogen gas if the total pressure is 800 mmHg when collected over water at a temperature of 50° Celcius is 707.5 mmHg
The partial pressure of water vapor at 50 ° Celcius is 92.5 mmHg
The total pressure is 800 mmHg.
Substituting this value in the formula:
[tex]P_{total}[/tex] = [tex]P_{nitrogen} + P_{water}[/tex]
800= [tex]P_{nitrogen}[/tex] + 92.5
[tex]P_{nitrogen}[/tex]= 800- 92.5
[tex]P_{nitrogen}[/tex]= 707.5 mmHg
When there is a combination of two or more gases in a given volume, the pressure created by each individual gas in the mixture is expressed using the phrase partial pressure. The partial pressures of the individual gases make up the total pressure of the gas combination. Ptotal = Pi = P1 + P2+P3+ Pn
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Why was the metal sample heated in a dry test tube rather than in the boiling water.
The metal is heated in a dry test tube to measure the capacity of the metal.
Define metal.Metals are a class of materials characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as malleability, ductility, and high light reflectance.
About three-quarters of known chemical elements are metals. The most common types found in the Earth's crust are aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. The majority of metals are found in ores (substances containing minerals), but some, such as copper, gold, platinum, and silver, are commonly found in the free state because they do not react easily with other elements. .
When doing chemistry experiments it is important to have:
The materials readyMake sure the mixture and elements are in the right amount of water. It should be placed in a dry test tube first to measure the capacity by heating in test tubeWhen heated with boiling water, the metal cools and the water heats up over time. After all, the two objects have the same temperature. They are then in thermal equilibrium with each other. Hot metal, on the other hand, releases energy into the water.
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Convection ovens are ovens that are advertised to cook food more evenly than a standard thermal oven. Which statement best explains how a convection oven works?
a. Hot air is transferred through molecule to molecule contact.
b. Hot air is transferred through density differences with hot air rising and cool air sinking.
c. Hot air is transferred through heat being radiated from a thermal burner.
d. Hot air is transferred through density differences with cool air rising and hot air sinking.
A model for the campfire is Wood + Oxygen → Water + Carbon Dioxide + Ashes
Which reactant will run out? Which reactant will not run out? Justify your answer. (3 pts)
Answer:
wood run out and anothers don't runout ithink i am right
An atom of a certain element has an atomic number of 28 and a mass number of 59. How many neutrons does this atom contain?.
Answer:
28+59=87
Explanation:
you will add protons and neutrons together to become a mass number
Assuming the density of your initial acid solution is 1.0 g/ml, what is the concentration (in molarity) of the diluted acetic acid, [ch3cooh], solution? show your work and include units. hint: an initial 4.5% w/w solution (w/w means 4.5 g of acid per 100 g of solution) of ch3cooh (mw
the concentration (in molarity) of the diluted acetic acid, solution is 0.75 M
the molarity can be calculate as follows:
Generally, the equation for Molarity is mathematically given as
M = n X V
M = W X 1000
MW mL
where M represent molarity
W represent mass( weight)
MW represent molecular weight
MW CH3COOH = (2 x Ar C) + (4 x Ar H) + (2 x Ar O) = ((2 x 12.0107) + (4 x 1.00794) + (2 x 15.9994)) gram/mol = (24 + 4 + 32) gram/mol = 60.05 gram/mol
Therefore,
M = W X 1000
MW mL
M = 4.5 X 1000
60.05 100
M = 0.75 M
therefore, the concentration(in molarity) of diluted acetic acid, solution is 0.75 M
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a 9.148 mol sample of nitrogen gas is maintained in a 0.8008 l container at 303.6 k. what is the pressure in atm calculated using the van der waals' equation for gas under these conditions?
9.148 mol sample of nitrogen gas is maintained in a 0.8008 l container at 303.6 k. the pressure in atm is 330 atm.
The van der waal's equation is given as :
( P + ( an² / V² )) ( V - nb ) = RT
P = ( nRT / (V - nb )) - ( an² / V² )
n = 9.418
V = 0.8008 L
T = 303.6 K
a = 1.39 L² mol⁻² atm
b = 3.91 × 10⁻² L mol⁻¹ atm⁻¹
R = 0.821 L atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹
P = ( 9.418 ×0.821 × 303.6 / ( 0.8008 - 9.148 × 3.91 × 10⁻² ) - ( 1.39 ×
(9.148)²/(0.8008)²
P = 330 atm
Thus, 9.148 mol sample of nitrogen gas is maintained in a 0.8008 l container at 303.6 k. the pressure in atm is 330 atm.
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The solubility product constant of li3po4 is 3. 2 × 10-9. What is the molar solubility of li3po4 in water?.
The molecular solubility of li3po4 in water is 7.52*10^−3 M.
Here, we have been told that the solubility product constant of li3po4 is = 3.2*10^-9 (i)
We know that the molecular stability of an ionic compound is defined as the concentration of the compound dissolved in the solution. We can calculate the molecular stability of the given ionic compound li3po4 by using the solubility product given.
= {Li] = {PO} = S
= 3.2*10^-9 = S^3-S
= S^4= 3.2*10^9
= S = 7.52*10^−3 M.
Therefore, the molecular stability of the given ionic compound li3po4 is 7.52*10^−3 M.
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A certain compound containing only carbon and hydrogen was found to have a vapor density of 2. 550 g/l at 100°c and 760 mm hg. If the empirical formula of this compound is ch, what is the molecular formula of this compound?.
The molecular formula for this given hydrocarbon is C6H6. IUPAC:- (n-hexyne).
To find the molecular formula, we first need to figure out the molar mass of the compound. Moving ahead, we need to know the mass of the molecule which can be calculated using the ideal gas equation. Assuming we do have 1 liter and 2.550 grams and the pressure is 760mmhg which is equal to 1atm. Divide the pressure and the volume by the gas constant and the Temperature (in kelvin) which equals to the number of moles. Now you have the number of moles and the mass of the compound (2.550grms) through which you can find the molar mass of the compound which is 78g/mol. We know that molar mass of carbon is 12g/mol and 1g/mol for hydrogen by which we can assume the molecular formula will have 6 carbon and 6 hydrogen. So the molecular formula for this compound is C6H6.
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What are the 10 organisms?.
Producers, eaters, herbivore, carnivore, omnivores, scavengers, parasite, predators, and decomposers are only a few of the various sorts of creatures.
In biology, what is an organism?An organism is a collection of molecules working to together form a mostly stable whole that demonstrates the characteristics of life. With phrases like "any sense of life, such as with a plant, animal, fungus, or bacterial, capable of growth & reproduction," dictionary definitions are very general.
What types of organisms are examples?A living creature with a organized approach, is capable of responding to stimuli, can reproduce, develop, adapt, and preserve homeostasis is referred to as an organism. Therefore, every animal, plant, fungi, protist, microbe, or archaeon found on Earth would be considered a life.
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a student is studying barium, a highly reactive element that is used in some paints. which characteristic of barium is most closely related to its chemical reactivity?
The most closely related characteristic of barium to its chemical reactivity is its high ionization energy.
Does barium have a high reactivity?
There are two valence (outermost) electrons in each of their atoms. Barium is in period 5, or row 5, therefore it keeps its valence electrons in its fifth shell but is very quickly oxidized or capable of losing the electrons. This explains why barium is so reactive, especially when it comes to electronegative components like oxygen. In a nutshell, the ionization energy decreases with increasing atom size. Barium has more energy levels and is larger than strontium because it is on the sixth period while strontium is on the fifth. Barium will therefore have a lower ionization energy.To learn more about barium, follow the link https://brainly.com/question/6034926
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