The citric acid cycle and electron transport chain both produces 24 ATP in total.
The tricarboxylic acid( TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs or citric acid cycle, is the main source of energy for cells and an important part of aerobic respiration. The cycle harnesses the available chemical energy of acetyl coenzyme A( acetyl CoA) into the reducing power of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide( NADH).
The electron transport chain is a series of four protein complexes that couple redox responses, creating an electrochemical grade that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation.
In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from one patch to another, and energy released in these electron transfers is used to form an electrochemical grade. In chemiosmosis, the energy stored in the grade is used to make ATP.
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What features would suggest a sample of scientific writing is well organized?
(Select all that apply)
introduces the hypothesis in the conclusion
O presents the hypothesis and draws conclusions about it
O parallels the scientific method
follows a logical progression
The features which would suggest a sample of scientific writing is well organized include the following below:
Presents the hypothesis and draws conclusions about it.Follows a logical progression.What is a Scientific writing?This is referred to as a technical form of writing that is designed to communicate scientific information to other scientists.
It contains some parameters such as the hypothesis in which the conclusion is drawn from and also following a logical progression for better analysis and understanding by others.
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what would happen to hemoglobin if the bpg were removed? it would not bind oxygen it would dissociate into monomers its oxygen binding curve would resemble that of myoglobin all of the choices
If the BPG (2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate) were removed from hemoglobin, it would not bind oxygen (option A)
Only deoxyhemoglobin can be bound by 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG). As a result, BPG causes the T ⇌ R equilibrium to move to the left, decreasing hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen.
Hemoglobin is bound to by BPG at one location while having its affinity for oxygen reduced at a different location. Myoglobin's affinity for oxygen is increased by BPG, which facilitates oxygen delivery to tissues.
By attaching to the hemoglobin tetramer's core compartment, the 2,3-BPG modifies its shape and moves the oxygen dissociation curve to the right. Ineffective bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM), a red cell enzyme of the early glycolytic pathway that transforms 1,3-BPG to 2,3-BPG, is the cause of the deficiency. Extremely uncommon and often autosomal recessive, BPGM mutations. Demonstrating a lower P50, excluding out hemoglobin mutations, establishing a decreased 2,3-BPG level, and BPGM enzyme activity all serve to validate the diagnosis.
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How do Burmese pythons affect marsh rabbits? Explain. FIRST PERSON WHO ANSWERS GETS BRAINLIEST
Answer:
As it got hot and wet, predation pressure from pythons increased the population of marsh rabbits, and they were gone by July.” Higher water levels which allow pythons to swim long distances when searching for food and the fact that pythons feed more frequently when it's hot, are possible reasons for this correlation
Match each characteristic to the type of protist it describes. shows absence of cell wall, though chloroplasts may be present feeds on decaying matter enclosed by a membrane called a pellicle slime mold belongs to this category presence of flagella absence of cell wall as well as chloroplasts
Answer:
Slime mold belongs to this category: Protista. Shows absence of cell wall, though chloroplasts may be present: Euglenozoa. Presence of flagella: Zoomastigina. Enclosed by a membrane called a pellicle: Sarcodina. Feeds on decaying matter: Myxomycota. Absence of cell wall as well as chloroplasts: Apicomplexa.
TRUE/FALSE. R-selected species have a short life span and an early reproduction cycle. Please select the best answer from the choices provided
That statement is true! Species such as clams frequently have enormous reproductive bouts with extremely long lifespans, in contrast to K chosen species such as humans.
What is reproduction cycle?It goes through four stages: menstrual, regenerative, proliferative, and secretory. The cycle duration is the time it takes from the first day of one menstruation to the first day of the following menstruation; most usual cycles last 28 days, but it can range from 21 to 40 days. Puberty and sexual maturity, the breeding season, the estrous cycle, postpartum sexual activity, and aging are all related to the reproductive cycle. Environmental, genetic, physiologic, hormonal, behavioral, and psychological variables all influence these components. Reproduction is a biological process in which an organism reproduces biologically similar offspring. Reproduction allows and guarantees species continuation generation after generation. It is the most important aspect of life on Earth.
Here,
That is correct! Clams, for example, have enormous reproductive bouts with extremely long lifespans, in contrast to K chosen species like humans.
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in the biosynthesis of fatty acids, the acyl carrier protein repeatedly sweeps over a series of enzymes to elongate the fatty acid chain. if the acp started with no fatty acid attached, after 5 repeats of the synthesis cycle, how long will be the newly synthesized fatty acid chain?
In the biosynthesis of fatty acids, the acyl carrier protein repeatedly sweeps over a series of enzymes to elongate the fatty acid chain. if the acp started with no fatty acid attached, after 5 repeats of the synthesis cycle, the newly synthesized fatty acid chain will be single cycle of fatty acid biosynthesis: Acetyl-A.
Enzyme-containing proteins operate as biological catalysts and hasten chemical processes. Enzymes interact with substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into products, which are different molecules. The majority of cellular metabolic processes cannot occur at rates fast enough to support life without enzyme catalysis. Each step in the catalysis of metabolic processes requires the presence of an enzyme. Enzymeology, pseudoenzyme analysis, and the study of enzymes all agree that some enzymes have developed without the ability to carry out biological catalysis. This is frequently reflected in their peculiar "pseudocatalytic" properties and amino acid patterns.
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iyanla is concerned that the bacteria from her ear infection may pass to her baby. she does not need to worry because:
Iyanla is worried that her ear infection's bacteria would get on her unborn child. She shouldn't be concerned since: Bacteria are huge molecules and won't get to the foetus because the placenta will filter them out.
The placenta is what?The organ that joins a mother's uterus to the umbilical cord and is frequently referred to as the afterbirth, the placenta, is ultimately in charge of supplying a foetus with nourishment and oxygen.
What are the varieties and purposes of the placenta?An infant growing in this framework receives oxygen and nourishment. Additionally, it removes waste from the baby's blood. The baby's umbilical cord is created when the placenta joins to the uterine wall. It also creates a number of hormones connected to pregnancy,
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A _____________________ is any characteristic in a living organism that is inherited from its parent or parents though the reproduction process.
Answer:
A _________Inheirited____________ is any characteristic in a living organism that is inherited from its parent or parents though the reproduction process.
Explanation:
what is a carbohydrate? a.) an organic compound that houses an organism's genetic information b.) an organic compound produced as a byproduct of atp production c.) an organic compound composed of nucleic acids and used for many purposes in the cell d.) an organic compound the body breaks down into sugars
The body converts organic compounds called carbohydrates into sugars.
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen make up the organic molecules that make up carbohydrates. For the majority of organisms, carbohydrates serve as their main source of energy. The primary source of energy for cells is the sugar glucose. An organic substance called a carbohydrate, like sugar or starch, is used to store energy. Like the majority of organic compounds, carbohydrates are made up of tiny, recurrent units that join together to form larger molecules. The tiny repeating units in the case of carbohydrates are referred to as monosaccharides. One of the three main sources of energy for our body is carbohydrates, which are macronutrients.
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The bacteria on both the positive and the negative control slides are observed to stain pink. This finding will not affect the rest of the slides in the batch.
Select true or false
The bacteria are shown to stain pink on both the positive and negative control slides. The remaining slides in the batch will be impacted by this discovery. So, the given statement is false.
Gram staining is the microbiology procedure where the staining method helps to differentiate Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. In this procedure, the Gram-positive organism retains the crystal violet and is observed as blue to purple-stained colonies. While the Gram-negative organism will retain the safranin (counter stain) and is observed as pink colonies.
In a quality control measure, the positive control shows positive results. But the negative control does not give any result and is considered as negative. Therefore, in the given situation there might be any error occurred during the staining procedure. Therefore, the statement is false.
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during which phase does the number of cells increase?
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. This process is also known as mitosis. During mitosis, the genetic material in the parent cell is replicated and divided equally between the daughter cells.
The process of mitosis is divided into five distinct phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During prophase, the cell's nuclear membrane begins to break down and the chromosomes in the nucleus condense. During prometaphase, the spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. In metaphase, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. During anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart and the spindle fibers move them to opposite side of the cell. Finally, during telophase, the nuclear membrane reforms, the chromosomes decondense, and two daughter cells are formed.
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how many ways are there for an organism to become a fossil once it is buried?
There are Five ways for an organism to become a fossil once it is buried.The remnants of an organism often need to be buried by silt soon after death in order for it to become fossilized.
The preserved remains, or signs of remains, of extinct animals are called fossils. The remnants of the creature itself are not fossils! They're stones. An full organism or only a portion of one can be preserved as a fossil. Leaves, feathers, shells, bones, and shells may all turn into fossils. Fossils come in a wide range of sizes. Only a microscope can see microfossils. Microfossils include pollen and bacteria. Macrofossils can weigh several tons and measure many meters in length. Petrified trees and dinosaur bones are examples of macrofossils. After they die, the majority of creatures degrade pretty fast. Sand-covered ocean floors, lava, and even tar-like substances can all be sediment.
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Considering the Mendelian traits tall (D) versus dwarf (d) and violet (W) versus white (w), consider the crosses below and determine the genotypes of the parental plants by analyzing the phenotypes of the offspring. Part A Parental Plants Offspring tall, violet x tall, white 1/2 tall, white 1/2 tall, violet Select all that apply.
Answer:
The genotypes of the parental plants for the cross tall, violet x tall, white are DdWw for the tall, violet plant, and Ddww for the tall, white plant. The offspring of this cross will be DdWw, Ddww, DdWw, and Ddww, respectively.
just graduating from veterinary school and passing the test for her certification, siobhan is excited to begin using her new knowledge. she has learned about all kinds of animals in her training. siobhan joins a veterinary practice in a suburban area. although siobhan does, indeed, see different types of animals, which kind of animal will she see most often?
Siobhan will most likely see dogs and cats as patients in her veterinary practice.
In a suburban area, it is likely that Siobhan's veterinary practice will be mostly focused on small animals such as dogs and cats. These are the most common pets that people own, and therefore, the most common animals that will be brought to the veterinary practice for treatment. Additionally, these animals are considered as a member of the family, so their owners are more likely to invest in their health care, by taking them to the vet for regular check-ups or when they are unwell.
Although Siobhan has learned about all kinds of animals in her training, as a small animal veterinarian, she will most likely see dogs and cats as her primary patients. However, Siobhan may also see other small animals such as birds, rabbits, ferrets, and guinea pigs.
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a pleural fluid specimen is received in the laboratory for aerobic culture. the specimen measures about 0.5 ml. how should the tech process this specimen for culture?
A pleural fluid specimen received in the laboratory for aerobic culture should be processed as follows:
The specimen should be immediately placed on ice or in a refrigerator to prevent bacterial growth.The specimen should be aliquoted, or divided, into several smaller samples to ensure that enough material is available for all of the necessary tests.The specimen should be plated onto blood agar and chocolate agar plates and incubated at 35-37°C in an aerobic atmosphere.The specimen should also be plated onto a MacConkey agar plate and incubated at 35-37°C in an aerobic atmosphere.The specimen should be incubated for at least 24-48 hours and subcultured onto additional agar plates as needed.The specimen should be examined for the presence of bacterial growth, and the growth should be identified using standard microbiological techniques.Some key points to remember when processing a pleural fluid specimen for culture include:
Maintaining specimen inappropriate temperature.Aliquotting the specimen.Plating the specimen on different agar plates and incubating it in an aerobic atmosphere.Inspecting the specimen for bacterial growth and identifying it.Learn more about pleural fluid here:
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Some adaptations of a hawk are illustrated here.Which of these adaptations most help the hawk keep other hawks out of its territory by warning them from far away?Pilihan jawabanBrown headLoud callHollow bonesSharp claws
Pilihan Jaw and sharp claws are the adaptations of a hawk that keep other hawks out of its territory by warning them from far away.
Hawks have enormous eyes and a highly developed sense of sight, a curved beak, strong, sharp talons, wings that allow them to soar, hit and carry their victim rapidly. Strong, sharp beak and talons aid in defence against predators and keep other raptors out of their nesting and hunting grounds.
An adaptation is any heritable trait that allows a plant or animal to live and reproduce in a given environment. Hawks have eight times the visual acuity of humans, in addition to having greater long-distance vision. Hawks are color-blind. However, in hawks, the size differential between the sexes is inverted, with females being larger and stronger than males.
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What type of glial cell provides myelin for the axons in a tract? a. oligodendrocyte b. astrocyte c. Schwann cell d. satellite cell
Oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell provides myelin for the axons in a tract.
The primary roles of oligodendroglia, a kind of neuroglia, are to support and insulate axons in the central nervous system of jawed vertebrates, which is analogous to the role played by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. To do this, oligodendrocytes produce the myelin sheath. A single oligodendrocyte may extend its processes to 50 axons, wrapping a myelin coating of around 1 mm around each one while Schwann cells can only do so for one axon. One myelin segment is formed by each oligodendrocyte for a number of nearby axons.
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Rank these events in the order in which they occur in the heart, beginning with the P wave.
Rank from earliest to latest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
P wave, atrial contraction, QRS complex, ventricular contraction, t wave, ventricular relaxation
The event that occur in the heart, began with P wave, atrial contraction, QRS complex, ventricular contraction, t wave, ventricular relaxation.
P wave, atrial contraction, QRS complex, ventricular contraction, t wave, and ventricular relaxation were the initial heart events.
The atria and ventricles are first relaxed (diastole). Atria depolarization, represented by the P wave, is followed by atrial contraction (systole). The atria relax after atrial systole has continued till the QRS complex. The ventricular depolarization represented by the QRS complex is followed by ventricular contraction. The onset of ventricular relaxation is signaled by the T wave, which symbolizes the repolarization of the ventricles.
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What is the relationship between the DNA sequence, the mutation and the resulting protein?
Please answer quickly:)
Answer:
Sometimes gene variants (mutations) can cause one or more proteins to stop working properly or at all. Some may have no affect.
Explanation:
The function of a molecule will depend on the structure of it. Proteins have areas that are involved in the function of the molecule and some areas that may not be . For instance, there are mutations that can occur on the molecule hemoglobin. One of these changes causes a hydrophobic patch to appear on the molecule and it forms aggregates. This causes the molecule to not be able to function normally. It is possible for a mutation to occur and nothing happen to the function of the molecule. If the amino acid is not replaced by the DNA mutation, then there will be no change in the structure or function of the molecule. If the mutation happens to a key residue in the active site, all function can be lost.
Answer:
Answer: DNA is the genetic material of all living organisms and contains the instructions for the production of proteins. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the structure and function of proteins. Proteins are essential for many cellular processes, including cell growth and division, metabolism, and the immune response.
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence. Some mutations can change the sequence of amino acids in a protein, altering its structure and function. Depending on the type of mutation and its location in the gene, the resulting protein may be non-functional, partially functional, or have altered function. Some mutations may have no effect on the protein at all. The relationship between the DNA sequence, the mutation, and the resulting protein is complex, and the effect of a mutation on a protein can only be determined by analyzing the specific mutation and its location in the gene.
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Which two processes lead directly to the production of large amounts of ATP
by the enzyme ATP synthase?
A. Glycolysis
B. Fermentation
C. The electron transport chain
4
D. The Krebs cycle
SUBMIT
C. The electron transport chain and D. The Krebs cycle lead directly to the production of large amounts of ATP by the enzyme ATP synthase.
The electron transport chain is the final stage of cellular respiration, which occurs in the mitochondria. It involves the transfer of electrons from electron carriers to oxygen, which creates a proton gradient that drives the production of ATP by ATP synthase.
The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria and is responsible for the oxidation of acetyl-CoA to CO2. This process generates NADH and FADH2 which are used to produce ATP during the electron transport chain.
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that stores and transfers energy within cells. It is often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell. ATP is composed of an adenine molecule, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. The bond between the second and third phosphate group is particularly high-energy, and when this bond is broken, energy is released that can be used to power various cellular processes.
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What is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?
The form of respiratory epithelium that allows for the filtration and humidification of incoming air is called ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, and it may be found in the linings of the trachea as well as other respiratory tracts.
The pseudostratified columnar epithelium is an epithelial tissue composed of a single layer of epithelial cells that vary in height. Every cell's nucleus is located differently, giving the impression that there are numerous layers of epithelial cells rather than just one.
The internal surface of the lower respiratory tract, which includes the trachea and the bronchi, as well as the upper respiratory tract, which includes nasal passages, both have the pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
Some functions of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium are:
1) The respiratory system introduces air into the body, which enables the foreign particle to do the same. In the respiratory tract, pseudostratified columnar epithelium aids in the protection of the respiratory system. These foreign particles are captured by mucus secretion, which the body then excretes through coughing or sneezing. Additionally, the mucus makes the air more humid for nasal inhalation.
2) Mucus is secreted in the vas deferens by the pseudostratified columnar epithelium to aid sperm motility.
3) The stereo ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium aids in the absorption of surplus mucus to help the sperm concentrate before ejaculation.
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What makes fossil fuels so popular?
A. it does not affect the environment to collect the fuels
B. it creates byproducts that can be reused to make more electricity
C. it creates an excess of carbon dioxide to keep the world warm enough for life
D. it is less expensive to produce and distribute than renewable energy
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Because fossil fuels are inexpensive to produce, and distribute. It's not A because fossil fuels are harmful to the environment. Not B because it's not reusable. And it's not C because it won't make the world warm enought for life.
The attempt to disprove a hypothesis is accomplished by which of the following tasks? a. proposing a theory b. making initial observations c. No answer text provided. d. conducting experiments
The attempt to disprove a hypothesis is accomplished by the task of (d) conducting experiments.
A hypothesis is a an idea or an explanation that has no proven significance. Hypothesis is the assumption made on the basis of a few evidences. However these evidences are not strong enough to prove the facts.
Experiment is a series of steps carried out in order to obtain the desired results. Experiments are conducted in order to support or refute some hypothesis. Experiments are usually carried out in controlled surroundings. Experiments can also lead to the discovery or invention of something unknown or new.
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Name the functional units of contraction in a muscle fiber.
sarcomere is the functional units of contraction in a muscle fiber. it is also the fundamental contractile unit of the myofibril.
The fundamental unit of contractility for muscle fiber is the sarcomere. Actin and myosin, the active components involved in muscle contraction, make up each of the two primary protein filaments that make up a sarcomere. The sliding filament theory is the most widely accepted theory for how muscles contract. According to this theory, active force is produced as actin filaments move past the myosin filaments, causing a sarcomere to contract individually. Actin-myosin cross bridges are made when the thick myosin filament is joined to the many heads on the thinner actin filaments. In essence, a myosin head resembles a cocked spring that flexes and generates a power stroke when it binds to an actin filament.
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Which row in the chart below best describes the active transport of molecule X through a cell membrane?
Row Movement of Molecule X Use of ATP
1 high concentration - low concentration used
2 high concentration - low concentration not used
3 low concentration - low concentration used
4 low concentration - low concentration not used
3 low concentration - low concentration used, The active passage of molecule X across a cell membrane is best represented by the third row of the chart below.
A molecule can be heteronuclear, which is a chemical compound made up of more than one element, such as water, or homonuclear, which is a molecule made up of atoms of one chemical element, such as the two atoms in the oxygen molecule (O2) (two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom; H2O). A molecule is a collection of two or more chemically bound atoms, whether they are from the same element or another. One molecule of water is created, for instance, when two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom combine. There are three different kinds of molecules x : atom-sized molecules, element-sized molecules, and compound-sized molecules.
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The Endocrine System has many functions including ____________. (select all that apply)
a) Producing neurotransmitters
b) Controlling movement of food through the digestive tract
c) Regulating blood ions concentrations
d) Maintaining blood volume
e) Receiving sensory information from the environment
Endocrine System secrete the chemical messengers called hormones and help regulate blood ion concentration, Maintain Blood volume in our body. Correct option (D)
The endocrine system is a messenger system that consists of feedback loops of hormones delivered by an organism's internal glands straight into the circulatory system, therefore controlling distant target organs. The hypothalamus is the neurological control center for all endocrine systems in animals. The thyroid and adrenal glands are the two most important endocrine glands in humans. Endocrinology is the study of the endocrine system and its diseases.
An axis is a group of glands that communicate with one another in a certain order, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In addition to the specialist endocrine organs indicated above, many additional organs that are part of other bodily systems, such as bone, kidneys, liver, heart, and gonads, have secondary endocrine activities.
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Which of the following is a true statement about nucleic acids?
A. DNA carries information for making RNA.
B) Nucleic acids are long-chain macromolecules formed by the end to end polymerisation of nucleotide monomers
C) Nucleic acids of only one type are available in any organism
D) Nucleic acids show secondary structures
The correct option is B; Nucleic acids are long-chain macromolecules formed by the end to end polymerization of nucleotide monomers.
Long monomer chains known as nucleotides make up nucleic acids. They act in both secondary and tertiary structures, which are eventually referred to as proteins.
One amino acid, which makes up proteins, is coded for by three nucleotides. A sugar component, a nitrogen base like (A, T, G, C, or U), and a phosphate group are the three parts that make up a nucleotide. The building blocks for making proteins are nucleic acids..
Adenine, guanine, thymine, uracil, and cytosine are the nitrogenous bases. RNA is the only source of uracil. A double helix of DNA is created by the nitrogenous bases joining with one another in the same way as adenine and thymine and guanine and cytosine do.
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an organelle that converts the radiant energy of the sun into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis.
what is the frequency of the a1 allele in a population composed of 20 a1a1 individuals, 80 a1a2 individuals, and 100 a2a2 individuals?
The prevalence of the A1 allele is 0.3 in a population made up of 20 a1a1 people, 80 a1a2 persons, and 100 a2a2 individuals.
A frequency is what?The frequency of a repeated event is its number of instances per time unit.
It differs from angular frequency and is sometimes referred to as high temporal for clarification. One event occurs per second when measuring frequency in hertz. The time elapsed between events is measured by the period, which represents the inverse of the frequency.
What is Clarity?He communicates information very clearly, making it simple to grasp, see him hear him.
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dna contains thymine where rna contains uracil. what are some of the evolutionary advantages for dna having thymine rather than uracil?
Because thymine is more resistant to photochemical alteration and increases the durability of the genetic information, DNA employs it instead of uracil. This is necessary in order to store all of the info essential for life to operate.
Thymine is used instead of uracil in DNA because it is more stable inside the nucleus and less prone to mutations. Because thymine is readily oxidized outside the nucleus, RNA employs uracil. Deamination of 5-methylcytosine results in thymine, whereas deamination of uracil results in cytosine. Because thymine is more resistant to photochemical alteration, the genetic code is more stable.
Thymine in lieu of uracil adds stability because it is more resistant to photochemical mutation, rendering the genetic information more stable. It also forms hydrogen bonds with adenine, which increases its stability.
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