Compare the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals with respect to (i) Ionization enthalpy (ii) basicity of oxides (iii) solubility of hydroxide

Answer:

(b) matter is lost and energy is released

Explanation:

When atoms are being formed from its constituent components it weighs less this is called mass defect so the answer would be (b) matter is lost and energy is released.

Using Hess's law we found:

1) By adding reaction 10.2 with the reverse of reaction 10.1 we get reaction 10.3:

KOH(aq) + HCl(aq)  → H₂O(l) + KCl(aq)   ΔH  (10.3)

2) The ΔHsoln must be subtracted from ΔHneut to get the total change in enthalpy (ΔH).    

The reactions of dissolution (10.1) and neutralization (10.2) are:

KOH(s) → KOH(aq)   ΔHsoln    (10.1)

KOH(s) + HCl(aq) → H₂O(l) + KCl(aq)     ΔHneut     (10.2)

1) According to Hess's law, the total change in enthalpy of a reaction resulting from differents changes in various reactions can be calculated as the sum of all the enthalpies of all those reactions.      

Hence, to get reaction 10.3:

KOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → H₂O(l) + KCl(aq)    (10.3)

We need to add reaction 10.2 to the reverse of reaction 10.1

KOH(s) + HCl(aq) + KOH(aq) → H₂O(l) + KCl(aq) + KOH(s)

Canceling the KOH(s) from both sides, we get reaction 10.3:

KOH(aq) + HCl(aq)  → H₂O(l) + KCl(aq)    (10.3)

2) The change in enthalpy for reaction 10.3 can be calculated as the sum of the enthalpies ΔHsoln and ΔHneut:

[tex] \Delta H = \Delta H_{soln} + \Delta H_{neut} [/tex]

The enthalpy of reaction 10.1 (ΔHsoln) changed its sign when we reversed reaction 10.1, so:

[tex] \Delta H = \Delta H_{neut} - \Delta H_{soln} [/tex]

Therefore, the ΔHsoln must be subtracted from ΔHneut to get the total change in enthalpy ΔH.

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I hope it helps you!

Answer:

Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15

Explanation:

Instead of 273.15 you can use just 273 as well

Answer:

Step 1: Prepare for the project.

a) Read the entire Student Guide before you begin this project.

b) If anything is unclear, be sure to ask your teacher for assistance before you begin.

c) Gather the materials you will need to complete this project.

Step 2: Review the chemical reaction.

a) The chemical reaction that you will model is shown below. Calcium oxide (CaO) is a white

solid with a crystalline structure. It is made by heating limestone, coral, sea shells, or chalk,

which are composed mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). During the heating process,

carbon dioxide (CO2) is released and calcium oxide (CaO) is produced. Commercially,

calcium oxide is called lime. One of the oldest uses of lime is to make mortar, a substance

used in construction to secure bricks, stones, and blocks together.

CaCO3  CaO + CO2

Step 3: Build a model of the reactant.

a) Use gumdrops and toothpicks to build a model of CaCO3.

b) Select one color of gumdrop for calcium, a second color for carbon, and a third color for

oxygen. Be sure to include a key of your chosen color scheme with your model.

c) Use the periodic table to help you determine the number of bonds each atom will form.

Step 4: Build models of the products.

a) Use gumdrops and toothpicks to build a model of CaO and a model of CO2.

b) Be sure to use the same colors of gumdrops for calcium, carbon, and oxygen as you did in

Step 3. Include a key of your chosen color scheme with your models.

c) Use the periodic table to help you determine the number of bonds each atom will form.

Step 5: Type one to two paragraphs that describe your models and explain the conservation of

mass in the chemical reaction.

a) Create a new blank document. Type your name at the top.

b) Type one to two paragraphs that describe your models and relate them to the law of

conservation of mass. Your document should:

i. identify the names of the reactants and products in the reaction.

ii. identify the number of molecules that make up the reactants and products.

iii. identify the type and number of atoms in each molecule of the reactants and products.

iv. explain what happens during the chemical reaction.

v. explain how mass is conserved during the chemical reaction.

Step 6: Evaluate your project using this checklist.

If you can check each criterion below, you are ready to submit your project.

 Did you create an accurate model of calcium carbonate (CaCO3)? Your model should include

the correct number of gumdrops for each element in calcium carbonate, consistent use of

colors for elements in calcium carbonate, and the correct number and placement of toothpicks

(bonds).

 Did you create an accurate model of calcium oxide (CaO)? Your model should include the

correct number of gumdrops for each element in calcium oxide, consistent use of colors for

elements in calcium oxide, and the correct number and placement of toothpicks (bonds).

 Did you create an accurate model of carbon dioxide (CO2)? Your model should include the

correct number of gumdrops for each element in carbon dioxide, consistent use of colors for

elements in carbon dioxide, and the correct number and placement of toothpicks (bonds).

Did you type one to two paragraphs that describe your models and relate them to the law of

conservation of mass? Your document should include the names of the reactants and

products in the reaction, the number of molecules that make up the reactants and products,

and the type and number of atoms in each molecule of the reactants and products. It should

also explain what happens during the chemical reaction and how mass is conserved during  the reaction

Step 7: Revise and submit your project.

a) If you were unable to check off all of the requirements on the checklist, go back and make  

b) When you have completed your project, submit your models to your teacher for grading.  

c) Submit your document through the virtual classroom. Be sure that your name is on it.

Step 8: Clean up your workspace.

a) Clean up your workspace. Return any extra materials to your teacher and throw away any  trash.

Explanation:

Answer:

if you drop a water balloon onto the ground, its kinetic energy is converted mostly to thermal energy. If the balloon weighs 1 kilogram and you drop it from about 2 meters, it will heat up by less.

Explanation:

As you say, kinetic energy of large objects can be converted into this thermal energy. For example, if you drop a water balloon onto the ground, its kinetic energy is converted mostly to thermal energy. If the balloon weighs 1 kilogram and you drop it from about 2 meters, it will heat up by less than.

Answer:

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Hey there!

It is evident that the problem gives the mass of the bottle with the calcite, with water and empty, which will allow us to calculate the masses of both calcite and water. Moreover, with the given density of water, it will be possible to calculate its volume, which turns out equal to that of the calcite.

In this case, it turns out possible to solve this problem by firstly calculating the mass of calcite present into the bottle, by using its mass when empty and the mass when having the calcite:

[tex]m_{calcite}=15.4448g-12.4631g=2.9817g[/tex]

Now, we calculate the volume of the calcite, which is the same to that had by water when weights 13.5441 g by using its density:

[tex]V_{calcite}=V_{water}=\frac{13.5441g-12.4631g}{0.997g/mL}=1.084mL[/tex]

Thus, the density of the calcite sample will be:

[tex]\rho _{calcite}=\frac{m_{calcite}}{V_{calcite}}\\\\\rho _{calcite}=\frac{2.9817g}{1.084mL}=2.750g/mL[/tex]

This result makes sense, as it sinks in chloroform but floats on bromoform as described on the last part of the problem, because this density is between 1.444 and 2.89. g/mL

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Regards!

Answer:

KNO2, KBr

Explanation:

Chemical compounds are any substance composed of identical molecules consisting of atoms of two or more chemical elements. So NO2 and KBr are compounds, Br2 and Fe are not.

[MnCl6] 3- is high spin and has five unpaired electrons while [Mn(CN)6] 3- has only two unpaired electrons.

A complex may be low spin or high spin depending on the kind of ligand attached to the central metal atom/ion. If the ligand is a weak field ligand, the complex may be high spin (maximum number of unpaired electrons). If the complex is low spin, there are few unpaired electrons (minimum number of unpaired electrons). In that case, the ligand is a strong field ligand.

In the octahedral geometry,  [MnCl6] 3- is high spin and has five unpaired electrons since the chloride ion is a weak field ligand. On the other hand  [Mn(CN)6] 3- has only two unpaired electrons because the cyanide ion is a strong field ligand.

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Electrolysis is the production of a chemical reaction by passing an electric current to liquid containing ions.

Answer:

solution

Explanation:

solvent +solute =solution

A cylindrical weight with a mass of 3 kg is dropped onto the piston from a height of 10 m. The entropy of the gas is 1.18 J/K and the change in the entropy of the environment is -1.18 J/K.

A cylindrical weight with a mass (m) of 3 kg is dropped, that is, its initial velocity (u) is 0 m/s and travels 10 m (s). Assuming the acceleration (a) is that of gravity (9.8 m/s²). We can calculate the velocity (v) of the weight in the instant prior to the collision with the piston using the following kinematic equation.

[tex]v^{2} = u^{2} + 2as = 2 (9.8 m/s^{2} ) (10m) \\\\v = 14 m/s[/tex]

The object with a mass of 3 kg collides with the piston at 14 m/s, The kinetic energy (K) of the object at that moment is:

[tex]K = \frac{1}{2} m v^{2} = \frac{1}{2} (3kg) (14m/s)^{2} = 294 J[/tex]

The kinetic energy of the weight is completely converted into heat transferred into the gas cylinder. Thus, Q = 294 J.

Given all the process is at 250 K (T), we can calculate the change of entropy of the gas using the following expression.

[tex]\Delta S_{gas} = \frac{Q}{T} = \frac{294 J}{250K} = 1.18 J/K[/tex]

The change in the entropy of the environment, has the same value but opposite sign than the change in the entropy of the gas. Thus, [tex]\Delta S_{env} = -1.18 J/K[/tex]

A cylindrical weight with a mass of 3 kg is dropped onto the piston from a height of 10 m. The entropy of the gas is 1.18 J/K and the change in the entropy of the environment is -1.18 J/K.

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Nutmeg

Nubbing

Notifying

Neezing

Nudging

Needing

Niffing

Narcotizing

Nanjing

Neighbouring

Nothing

Nimming

Neighboring

Netting

Nesting

Narcing

Nitpicking

Non-Living

Neutralizing

Nightwalking

Nonspeaking

Answer:

Every germanium atom is tetrahedrally linked to four sulphur atoms, with an interatomic distance of 2.19A. The angle between the two sulphur bonds is 103°.

hope this helps

An interatomic distance of 2.19A exists between each germanium atom and the four sulphur atoms that are tetrahedrally connected to it. The two sulphur bonds form a 103° angle.

A complex molecule's or ion's bond angle is the angle between the two bonds, or the angle between two orbitals that contain bonding electron pairs surrounding the central atom. It is determined using a spectroscopic approach and measured in degrees.

Any angle between two bonds that share an atom is known as a bond angle, and it is often measured in degrees. The distance along the straight line between the nuclei of two bound atoms is known as a bond distance.

Bond angles also have a role on a molecule's structure. The angles between neighboring lines that form bonds are known as bond angles. The difference between linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal-bipyramidal, and octahedral crystals may be determined by the bond angle.

Thus,  The two sulphur bonds form a 103° angle.

To learn more about bond angle, follow the link;

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#SPJ2

Answer:

Explanation:

First you will find the mole from the molarity and then the desired mass from the mole.

Answer:  251 K

Explanation: hope this helps :)

ok done. Thank to me :>

Answer: Mass percent of Li: total mass Li = 6.94 g/mol. % Li = mass Li mass LiClO 2 × 100 % Li = 6 . ...

Mass percent of Cl: total mass Cl = 35.45 g/mol. % Cl = mass Cl mass LiClO 2 × 100 % Cl = 35 . ...

Mass percent of O: total mass O = 32.00 g/mol.

Explanation:

Answer:

ask you subject teacher

Explanation:

In order to extract the compound in the aqueous layer, a strong acid must be added to the system.

Liquid - Liquid extraction is a common method for obtaining substances that can partition between two layers. In this case, compound A is neutral and compound B is acidic.

When the both compounds are dissolved in dichloromethane and extracted using an aqueous base, the acid substance will form a salt in the aqueous layer. In order to extract the compound in the aqueous layer, a strong acid must be added to the system.

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Since nonmetals gain electrons, the correct question to ask about group 16 elements is; "Will group 16 elements gain electrons to bond with group 2 in an XY format?"

Group 16 elements are divalent and they form divalent negative ions. The periodic table is arranged in groups and periods. The elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons. All elements in group 2 have six valence electrons.

If a wants to form a compound with the non metals of group 16, the correct question to ask is;"Will group 16 elements gain electrons to bond with group 2 in an XY format?"

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Answer:

The number by which we divide is called the divisor. The result obtained is called the quotient. The number left over is called the remainder.

Explanation:

Answer: yes it is correct

Explanation: the higher it is the cooler.

The final volume of the methane gas in the container is 6.67 L.

The given parameters;

The total number of moles of gas in the container is calculated as follows;

[tex]n_t = 0.12 + 0.182 = 0.302 \ mol[/tex]

The final volume of gas in the container is calculated as follows;

[tex]PV = nRT\\\\\frac{V}{n} = \frac{RT}{P} \\\\\frac{V_1}{n_1} = \frac{V_2}{n_2} \\\\V_2 = \frac{V_1 n_2}{n_1} \\\\V_2 = \frac{2.65 \times 0.302}{0.12} \\\\V_2 = 6.67 \ L[/tex]

Thus, the final volume of the methane gas in the container is 6.67 L.

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Answer:

First choice

Explanation:

Iodine is much more easily polarizable than fluorine therefore temporary dipoles in the molecule are strengthened.

The halogens are members of group 17 in the periodic table. They are highly electronegative and seldom occur free in nature owing to their high level of reactivity.

We know that larger molecules are more easily polarized than smaller ones. Therefore, from Fluorine to lodine, the molecular mass increases. The  electron polarizability increases with the mass increase. In turn,  this strengthens the temporary dipole (dispersion) forces  between particles. Hence the properties of halogens change smoothly down the group.

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Answer:

The Nucleus...

it perform many activities and stores DNA in a cell.

This problem is describing the equilibrium whereby hydrofluoric acid decomposes to hydrogen and fluorine gases at 298 K whose equilibrium constant is 8.70x10⁻³, the equilibrium concentrations of all the reactants are both 1.33x10⁻³ M and asks for the initial concentration of hydrofluoric acid which turns out to be 2.86x10⁻³ M.

Then, we can write the following equilibrium expression for hydrofluoric acid once the change, [tex]x[/tex], has taken place:

[tex][HF]=[HF]_0-2x[/tex]

Now, since both products are 1.33x10⁻³ M we infer the reaction extent is also 1.33x10⁻³ M, and thus, we can calculate the equilibrium concentration of HF via the law of mass action (equilibrium expression):

[tex]8.70x10^{-3}=\frac{(1.33x10^{-3} M)^2}{[HF]} }[/tex]

[tex][HF]=\frac{(1.33x10^{-3} M)^2}{8.70x10^{-3}} }=2.03x10^{-4}M[/tex]

Finally, the initial concentration of HF is calculated as follows:

[tex][HF]_0=[HF]+2x=2.033x10^{-4}+2*(1.33x10^{-3})=2.86x10^{-3}M[/tex]

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