P&G (Procter & Gamble) has utilized a promotion strategy of brand building for Tide and its other products. P&G's website promotes the brand with attractive visuals and information about the product, and also runs television commercials and advertisements on social media and other online platforms.
The website emphasizes the quality and effectiveness of the products, their affordability, and their availability at various retailers. P&G also offers promotions such as coupons, gift cards, and rebates to attract customers. In addition, the company has sponsored events, such as sports games, and has partnered with other companies to further promote its products.
Buyer behavior influences that could impact a person's decision to purchase or not purchase at Procter & Gamble could include social influences, personal preferences, and psychological influences.
Social influences could include family and friends' recommendations, social media advertisements, and influencer marketing. Personal preferences could be influenced by factors such as age, gender, income, and lifestyle choices. Psychological influences such as perceived value, perception of quality, and product image can also impact a person's decision to purchase or not.
Overall, P&G has been effective in promoting its products and offering incentives to attract customers, and understanding buyer behavior influences is key in creating a successful marketing strategy.
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When people think about organisational structure, the obvious things that come to their minds are the organisational chart, the functional departments, and the authority that various positions have in the organisation. The other design Issues related to structure, differentiation and integration aithough not so obvious are by no means less important. Summarise how authority operates in the organisation, and how differentiation and integration influence an organisation's structure. What information does the organisation chart convey about the organisation?
Authority is the power to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience; the exercise of such power is regarded as one’s right. Differentiation refers to the distribution of tasks among various people, groups, or departments, which in turn form divisions, while integration refers to coordination. The organizational chart provides information about the structure of the organization, such as who is in charge of which department and how various roles are connected.
An organizational chart typically shows how various departments, teams, or positions within a company are connected. By displaying the organization’s hierarchy, it assists in determining the division of work, the chain of command, and the span of control.
A company's organizational structure's overall effectiveness is influenced by how well authority is exercised in the company. Authority is the power to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience, and its exercise is regarded as one’s right. It's crucial to an organisation because it gives an individual, position, or department the ability to get things done.
Thus, the distribution of authority in an organisation significantly impacts its structure.Differentiation and integration are the two factors that impact a company's organisational structure. Differentiation refers to the distribution of tasks among various people, groups, or departments, which in turn form divisions. On the other hand, integration refers to coordination.
The degree of differentiation and integration required in a company is determined by the type of work it performs, the number of employees, and the geographical areas it covers.
The organizational chart provides information about the structure of the organization, such as who is in charge of which department and how various roles are connected. It is essential for new employees because it helps them understand the organizational structure and where they fit in.
Additionally, it's used to clarify job roles, identify opportunities for improvement, and assist with strategic planning. The organizational chart is a tool for achieving organizational goals and is utilized in a variety of circumstances.
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Worth Company reported the following year-end information: beginning work in process inventory, $180,000; cost of goods manufactured, $866,000; beginning finished goods inventory, $252,000; ending work in process inventory, $220,000; and ending finished goods inventory, $264,000. Worth Company's cost of goods sold for the year is Laflin Company reported the following year-end information: Beginning WIP Inventory $1,080,000 300,000 Beginning RM inventory Ending WIP inventory 900,000 Ending RM Inventory 480,000 RM purchased 960,000 Direct labor 900,000 Manufacturing overhead 720,000 Laflin Company's cost of goods manufactured for the year is
The cost of goods sold for Worth Company for the year is $744,000.
To calculate the COGS, we need to consider the changes in inventory levels throughout the year. The formula to calculate COGS is as follows:
COGS = Beginning Finished Goods Inventory + Cost of Goods Manufactured - Ending Finished Goods Inventory
Let's break down the information given in the question:
Beginning Finished Goods Inventory = $252,000
Cost of Goods Manufactured = $816,000
Ending Finished Goods Inventory = $264,000
Now we can plug these values into the formula to find the COGS:
COGS = $252,000 + $816,000 - $264,000
COGS = $1,008,000 - $264,000
COGS = $744,000
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On 15t January 2021 Hagrid ttd, acquired a castle to install its factory for E1,200,000 on cast. The castle has a useful life of 100 years and 0 residual value. Hagrid Lid. uses the straight-line depreciation method. The accounting year-end for Hagrid Ltd. is 3 ist December. On 30 th April 2022. Hagrid Ltd. sells the castle for £800,000. Which are all the accounting entries related to these economic transactions? d. None of the answers is true.
Since the question asks for the accounting entries, the loss is not explicitly recorded in this scenario.
The accounting entries related to the economic transactions involving Hagrid Ltd.'s acquisition and subsequent sale of a castle are as follows: On January 15, 2021, Hagrid Ltd. would record a debit entry to the Castle asset account for £1,200,000 and a credit entry to the Cash/Bank account for the same amount.
Additionally, a contra-asset account called Accumulated Depreciation - Castle would be created with an initial credit entry of £0. On April 30, 2022, when Hagrid Ltd. sells the castle for £800,000, the following entries would be made: a debit entry to the Cash/Bank account for £800,000
A debit entry to the Accumulated Depreciation - Castle account for the depreciation expense accumulated until the sale date, and a credit entry to the Castle asset account for the original cost of £1,200,000. The net effect of these entries would result in a loss on the sale of the castle.
The first transaction occurred on January 15, 2021, when Hagrid Ltd. acquired the castle. The acquisition cost of £1,200,000 is debited to the Castle asset account, representing an increase in the company's assets. The corresponding credit entry is made to the Cash/Bank account since cash was used to make the purchase.
As the castle has a useful life of 100 years with no residual value, the depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method, where an equal amount is allocated to each accounting period. However, no depreciation entry is required at the time of acquisition because the year-end is on December 31, and the acquisition took place on January 15.
The second transaction occurred on April 30, 2022, when Hagrid Ltd. sold the castle. The sale proceeds of £800,000 are debited to the Cash/Bank account, representing an increase in cash inflow. The Accumulated Depreciation - Castle account, which tracks the depreciation expense over time, is debited for the total depreciation accumulated until the sale date.
The credit entry is made to the Castle asset account, reducing its balance by the original cost of £1,200,000. Since the castle was sold for £800,000, the difference between the sale proceeds and the original cost results in a loss on the sale. However, since the question asks for the accounting entries, the loss is not explicitly recorded in this scenario.
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Since the question asks for the accounting entries, the loss is not explicitly recorded in this scenario.
The accounting entries related to the economic transactions involving Hagrid Ltd.'s acquisition and subsequent sale of a castle are as follows: On January 15, 2021, Hagrid Ltd. would record a debit entry to the Castle asset account for £1,200,000 and a credit entry to the Cash/Bank account for the same amount.
Additionally, a contra-asset account called Accumulated Depreciation - Castle would be created with an initial credit entry of £0. On April 30, 2022, when Hagrid Ltd. sells the castle for £800,000, the following entries would be made: a debit entry to the Cash/Bank account for £800,000
A debit entry to the Accumulated Depreciation - Castle account for the depreciation expense accumulated until the sale date, and a credit entry to the Castle asset account for the original cost of £1,200,000. The net effect of these entries would result in a loss on the sale of the castle.
The first transaction occurred on January 15, 2021, when Hagrid Ltd. acquired the castle. The acquisition cost of £1,200,000 is debited to the Castle asset account, representing an increase in the company's assets. The corresponding credit entry is made to the Cash/Bank account since cash was used to make the purchase.
As the castle has a useful life of 100 years with no residual value, the depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method, where an equal amount is allocated to each accounting period. However, no depreciation entry is required at the time of acquisition because the year-end is on December 31, and the acquisition took place on January 15.
The second transaction occurred on April 30, 2022, when Hagrid Ltd. sold the castle. The sale proceeds of £800,000 are debited to the Cash/Bank account, representing an increase in cash inflow. The Accumulated Depreciation - Castle account, which tracks the depreciation expense over time, is debited for the total depreciation accumulated until the sale date.
The credit entry is made to the Castle asset account, reducing its balance by the original cost of £1,200,000. Since the castle was sold for £800,000, the difference between the sale proceeds and the original cost results in a loss on the sale. However, since the question asks for the accounting entries, the loss is not explicitly recorded in this scenario.
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Lori Cook produces Final Exam Care Packages for resale by her sorority. She is currently working a total of 5 hours per day to produce 120 care packages.​a) Lori's productivity​ = ___packages/hour ​(round your response to two decimal​ places). Lori thinks that by redesigning the package she can increase her total productivity to 140 care packages per day.​b) Lori's new productivity​ =____ ​packages/hour​(round your response to two decimal​ places).​c) If Lori redesigns the​ package, the productivity increases by ___​%​(enter your response as a percentage rounded to two decimal​ places).
Lori's current productivity 24 packagews per hour (A), which could increase to 28 packages per hour (B), which means 16.67% more (C).
How to calculate Lori's productivity and the changes in it?Part A. Lori's productivity refers to the number of care packages she can produce per hour, based on this, and using division, let's calculate her current productivity.
120 care packages / 5 hours = 24 packagews per hour
Part B. Now, let's examine how this would change if the number of packages increased:
140 care packages/ 5 hours = 28 packages per hour
Part C: Finally, let's calculate the percentage change:
(28 - 24) / 24 * 100% = 16.67%
Note: Here is the complete question:
Lori Cook produces Final Exam Care Packages for resale by her sorority. She is currently working a total of 5 hours per day to produce 120 care packages.
a) Lori's productivity = ___packages/hour
Lori thinks that by redesigning the package she can increase her total productivity to 140 care packages per day.
b) Lori's new productivity =____ packages/hour
c) If Lori redesigns the package, the productivity increases by ___%
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Roth Corp. reports the following on its balance sheets:
December 31, 2022
December 31, 2021
Property and equipment, at cost
$239,000
$147,000
Common stock
813,000
491,000
During 2022, Roth
Roth Corp. reports the following on its balance sheets: December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Property and equipment, at cost $239,000$147,000 Common stock 813,000491,000 During 2022, Roth Corp. incurred $180,000 of research and development costs.
In the consolidated income statement for 2022, Roth Corp. should report a charge for research and development of $180,000.
Explanation: Roth Corp. incurred $180,000 of research and development costs during 2022. These expenses should be charged to the company's consolidated income statement. For the year 2022, Roth Corp. would be required to report a charge for research and development costs of $180,000 in its income statement.
This cost will reduce the company's net income for the year. As a result, the company's retained earnings will be lower, but its financial position will be the same. In the balance sheet of Roth Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2022, research and development costs will not be listed as a separate line item.
Instead, they are included in the cost of goods sold or operating expenses in the income statement. This is because research and development costs are classified as operating expenses rather than assets, as they do not provide any future benefits to the company.
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A company's income statement for 2021 showed the following: Net income, SR150, 000; depreciation expense, SR20,000 - Changes in current assets and current liabilities: Accounts receivable decreased SR20, 000 merchandise inventory increased 8,000 accounts payable increased 3,000. Required: Prepare the operating activity section of the statement of cash flow using the indirect method.
The operating activity section of the statement of cash flow using the indirect method is prepared using the income statement for 2021 as well as changes in current assets and current liabilities.
The purpose of this statement is to demonstrate the cash generated and spent from the company's normal business activities, which is an important metric for investors, analysts, and management teams.
The indirect method involves adjusting net income to account for non-cash items and changes in current assets and liabilities that occurred during the year. Depreciation expense is added back to net income since it is a non-cash expense.
Changes in current assets and current liabilities are then added or subtracted to net income to calculate cash flow from operating activities.
Using this information, we can prepare the operating activity section of the statement of cash flow as follows:
Net income = SR150,000
Add back depreciation = SR20,000
Operating income = SR170,000
Increase in accounts receivable = -SR20,000
Increase in inventory = SR8,000
Increase in accounts payable = SR3,000
Net cash flow from operating activities = SR161,000
Therefore, the operating activity section of the statement of cash flow using the indirect method is SR161,000.
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In 2019, Mrs. Ulm paid $80,000 for a corporate bond with a $100,000 stated redemption value. Based on the bond's yield to maturity amortization of the $20,000 discount was $1,512 in 2019,$1,480 in 2020 , and $295 in 2021 . Mrs. Ulm sold the bond for $84,180 in March 2021. Assume the taxable year is 2021. Required: a. What are her tax consequences in each year assuming that she bought the newly issued bond from the corporation? b. What are her tax consequences in each year assuming that she bought the bond in the public market through her broker? × Answer is complete but not entirely correct. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. What are her tax consequences in each year assuming that she bought the bond in the public market through her broker?
Tax consequences of Mrs. Ulm in each year assuming that she bought the bond in the public market through her broker are as follows:
Part a of the question suggests the case where Mrs. Ulm purchases the newly issued bond from the corporation. Whereas, in part b, Mrs. Ulm bought the bond in the public market through her broker. There is no need to consider the amortization in this case as the bond was not bought at a discount. Instead, it was bought at a premium.The following steps can be followed to solve this question:
Step 1: Find the adjusted basis of the bond
Mrs. Ulm paid $80,000 to buy the bond. Since the bond was purchased at a premium, the adjusted basis of the bond is calculated by adding the premium paid to the purchase price:
Adjusted basis of bond = Purchase price + Premium paid
= $80,000 + $20,000= $100,000
Therefore, the adjusted basis of the bond is $100,000.
Step 2: Calculate capital gain or loss when bond sold
Capital gain or loss when the bond is sold can be calculated as follows:
Capital gain or loss = Amount realized - Adjusted basis of bond
Mrs. Ulm sold the bond for $84,180.
Amount realized = Sale price received by Mrs. Ulm= $84,180
Therefore, the capital loss or gain can be calculated as:
Capital gain or loss = Amount realized - Adjusted basis of bond
= $84,180 - $100,000= -$15,820
Mrs. Ulm had a capital loss of $15,820 when she sold the bond.S
tep 3: Calculate taxable gain or loss
Taxable gain or loss is calculated by taking into account the holding period of the bond. If the bond is held for less than one year, the gain is treated as a short-term gain. If it is held for more than one year, it is treated as a long-term gain.In this case, Mrs. Ulm sold the bond in March 2021, so it was held for less than a year. Therefore, the capital loss is treated as a short-term loss. Short-term losses can be used to offset any short-term gains, or it can be used to offset long-term gains up to $3,000 per year. Any unused losses can be carried over to the next year.
In this case, Mrs. Ulm did not have any short-term gains to offset. So, she can use her entire short-term loss to offset any long-term gain. She had a taxable capital loss of $15,820 in 2021. She can use $3,000 of this loss to offset her income in 2021, and she can carry over the remaining loss of $12,820 to the next year.
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According to the Katznelson text, all of the following are methods of voter suppression except limits on early and absentee voting restrictions on voter registration campaigns holding elections on Sundays or national holidays felony disenfranchisement laws
According to the Katznelson text, all of the following are methods of voter suppression except limits on early and absentee voting restrictions on voter registration campaigns holding elections on Sundays or national holidays felony disenfranchisement laws.
Limits on early and absentee voting are one of the many methods of voter suppression. There are a number of ways in which early voting is being restricted, particularly in states with Republican-controlled statehouses. Texas Governor Greg Abbott has limited early voting to just one week in an attempt to discourage voters from casting their ballots.The other three methods, on the other hand, are frequently used to limit voter turnout by making it more difficult or impossible for certain people to vote. Restrictions on voter registration campaigns, for example, may limit the amount of time and resources available to register voters in certain areas or among certain demographics.Felony disenfranchisement laws, which prohibit individuals who have been convicted of certain crimes from voting, disproportionately affect Black and Latinx communities. Additionally, holding elections on Sundays or national holidays can make it difficult for religious minorities or individuals with inflexible work schedules to cast their ballots.
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Pleasant Valley Inn purchased building, equipment, and land for a total amount of $1,500,000 on December 23,2021 . The assessed values of these purchases were, Building for $850,000; Equipment for $255,000; Land for $595,000. Calculate the cost of each asset by filling in the following table, and write the journal entry that records the purchase. Required a) Complete the table for the bulk asset purchase. Do not enter dollar signs or commas in the input boxes. Round all dollar figure answers to the nearest whole number. Round all percentage figures to 2 decimal places. b) Write the journal entry to record the purchase. Assume the company had enough cash to pay for the assets. Enter the debit entries in alphabetical order.
a) The given table , Assets Cost Allocation Percentage Building Equipment Land Total 100% - - $1,500,000 $850,000 $255,000 $595,000 56.67% 17% 39.67%
Cost allocation to be filled:
b) The journal entry to record the purchase is:
Date Account Title Debit Credit December 23, 2021 Building $482,295 Equipment $43,350 Land $234,355 Cash/Bank $1,500,000
Explanation: The Building, Equipment, and Land accounts are debited because they are being purchased, and the Cash account is credited because the company is paying in cash.
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which of the following visas is for individuals in highly skilled and technical occupations involving the completion of higher education?
The visa that is specifically for individuals in highly skilled and technical occupations involving the completion of higher education is the H-1B visa. The H-1B visa provides an opportunity for highly skilled professionals to work in the United States for a specified period.
The H-1B visa is a non-immigrant visa category in the United States that allows employers to temporarily hire foreign workers in specialized occupations. It is designed for individuals who possess specialized knowledge and a high level of expertise in their respective fields, typically requiring at least a bachelor's degree or equivalent work experience.
The H-1B visa program is commonly utilized by companies in sectors such as technology, engineering, finance, healthcare, and other industries that require advanced skills and education. To be eligible for an H-1B visa, the individual must have a job offer from a U.S. employer and the employer must demonstrate that there are no qualified American workers available for the position.
The H-1B visa provides an opportunity for highly skilled professionals to work in the United States for a specified period, typically up to six years. It is a visa category that focuses on attracting and retaining individuals with specialized knowledge and advanced education to contribute to the U.S. workforce and economy.
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Felton Publishing recently completed its IPO. The stock was offered at a price of $13.96 per share. On the first day of trading, the stock closed at $18.31 per share. If Felton Publishing paid an underwriting spread of 7.1% for its IPO and sold 5 million shares, what was the total cost (exclusive of underpricing) to the company of going public? The total cost of going public was 9 million. (Round to one decimal place.)
Previous question
Felton Publishing recently completed its IPO. The stock was offered at a price of $13.96 per share. On the first day of trading, the stock closed at $18.31 per share.
The IPO (Initial Public Offering) refers to a company's first issuance of shares to the public.
Underwriting is the term used to describe the process of raising capital for the company by selling its shares to the general public through an IPO or some other means.
In the question, Felton Publishing has offered 5 million shares in its IPO at a price of $13.96 per share.
The total amount raised through the IPO is:
Total amount raised = Number of shares offered x Price per share
= 5,000,000 x $13.96
= $69,800,000
Now, we need to determine the cost to the company of going public.
The cost of going public includes the underwriting spread paid to the underwriters.
The underwriting spread is expressed as a percentage of the total amount raised. It is equal to 7.1%.
Therefore, the underwriting spread paid by Felton Publishing is:
Underwriting spread
= 7.1% x $69,800,000
= $4,954,800
Hence, the total cost to Felton Publishing of going public (exclusive of underpricing) is:
Total cost of going public = Total amount raised - Underwriting spread
= $69,800,000 - $4,954,800
= $64,845,200
Therefore, the total cost (exclusive of underpricing) to the company of going public was $64,845,200 (rounded to one decimal place).
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Correcting for negative externalities - Regulation versus tradablepermits
Suppose the government wants to reduce the total pollution emitted by three local firms. Currently, each firm is creating 4 units of pollution in the area, for a total of 12 pollution units. If the government wants to reduce total pollution in the area to 6 units, it can choose between the following two methods:
The government can choose between two methods to reduce total pollution emitted by the three local firms: regulation or tradable permits.
Under this method, the government sets specific limits or standards for pollution emissions that each firm must adhere to. In this case, the government wants to reduce the total pollution in the area to 6 units. Currently, each firm emits 4 units of pollution, resulting in a total of 12 units. To achieve the desired reduction, the government can impose regulations that require each firm to reduce their emissions from 4 units to 2 units. Alternatively, the government can implement a tradable permits system. In this system, the government issues a limited number of permits that allow firms to emit a certain amount of pollution. Each permit represents the right to emit a specific quantity of pollution. In this scenario, the government can issue a total of 6 permits, each allowing a firm to emit 1 unit of pollution. The firms can then trade these permits among themselves.
The government can impose regulations on each firm, setting a specific limit for their pollution emissions. In this case, each firm is currently emitting 4 units of pollution, resulting in a total of 12 units. To achieve the desired reduction, the government can regulate that each firm must reduce their emissions from 4 units to 2 units. By enforcing this regulation, the total pollution in the area would be reduced to 6 units (2 units per firm multiplied by 3 firms). The government can also implement a tradable permits system. Under this system, the government would issue a limited number of permits, each allowing a firm to emit a specific quantity of pollution.
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research finds that which of the following is a major reason women increasingly work in the paid labor force?
One major reason for the increasing participation of women in the paid labor force is the changing social and economic dynamics in society.
One major reason for the increasing participation of women in the paid labor force is the changing social and economic dynamics in society. Several key factors have contributed to this trend:
Changing Gender Roles: Over the past few decades, traditional gender roles and expectations have evolved. There has been a shift towards more gender equality, with greater recognition of women's rights and opportunities. This has led to increased educational attainment among women and a desire for economic independence and career advancement.
Economic Necessity: Economic factors play a significant role in women's increased workforce participation. In many households, dual incomes have become necessary to maintain a certain standard of living due to rising living costs and the changing structure of families. Women's income has become crucial for financial stability and to support their families.
Educational Attainment: Women's educational attainment has risen significantly, and they are now more likely to pursue higher education and professional careers. Improved access to education, scholarships, and changing societal attitudes towards women's education have contributed to this trend. As women gain knowledge and skills, they are more likely to enter and thrive in the labor market.
Workforce Opportunities and Policies: The availability of diverse job opportunities and supportive policies promoting gender equality in the workplace have played a crucial role. Increased awareness about the importance of diversity and inclusion has led to organizations actively seeking and hiring women, creating more opportunities for their professional growth.
Technology and Flexible Work Arrangements: Advancements in technology have facilitated flexible work arrangements, such as remote work and flexible schedules. This flexibility has made it easier for women to balance work and family responsibilities, encouraging their participation in the labor force.
It is important to note that the reasons for women's increasing participation in the paid labor force may vary across different societies and cultures. Additionally, these factors are interconnected and can reinforce each other, leading to a broader societal transformation in gender roles and workforce dynamics.
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1. When do customers purchase the fi’s products? How does purchase behavior vary based on different promotional events (communication and price changes) or customer services (hours of operation, online/mobile applications, delivery speed/cost)? How does purchase behavior vary based on uncontrollable influences such as seasonal demand patterns, time-based demand patterns, physical/social surroundings, or competitive activities?
2. Why (and how) do customers select the fi’s products? Describe the advantages of the fi’s products relative to competing products. How well do the fi’s products fulfill customers’ needs relative to competing products? What products have emerged as new competition? Describe how issues such as brand loyalty, value, commoditization, and relational exchange processes affect customers’ purchase behaviors. Describe how credit or financing is used in purchasing the fi’s products. Also, do customers seek long-te relationships with the fi, or do they buy in a transactional fashion (based primarily on price)? Is the product sold via a subscription model, or should it be?
Customers purchase the fi' s products when there is a promotional event or customer service that caters to their needs. Customers often vary their purchase behavior based on different promotional events such as communication.
Price changes or customer service such as hours of operation, online/mobile applications, delivery speed/cost. These services and events play a significant role in influencing customer's purchase behavior. Purchase behavior can also vary based on uncontrollable influences such as seasonal demand patterns, time-based demand patterns, physical/social surroundings, or competitive activities.
For instance, if there is an increase in demand for a particular product in the winter season, then customers tend to purchase that product more than 100. Competitive activities can also have a significant influence on the customer's purchase behavior. Customers select fi' s products because of the advantages that they have over competing products. The fi' s products meet customers' needs relative to competing products.
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BoJo Waffles share price is trading at £100 per share. Each year the stock price will either go up u or go down d, and u=d=25%. The annual risk-free interest rate is 5% discretely compounded. a. By constructing a replicating portfolio, determine the price of a two-year European call option with the strike E=£110. [20 Marks] b. Use the call price to calculate the price of the put on BoJo Waffles with the same strike and expiry. [5 Marks]
Given information: BoJo Waffles share price is trading at £100 per share. Each year the stock price will either go up u or go down d, and u=d=25%.The annual risk-free interest rate is 5% discretely compounded.
a. By constructing a replicating portfolio, determine the price of a two-year European call option with the strike E=£110.The first step is to determine u and d as we know u = d = 25%.u = 1 + 25% = 1.25d = 1 - 25% = 0.75Now calculate the risk-neutral probability of an up-move.
Then calculate the call option price. Probability of an up-move, p = (e^rt - d)/(u - d)where r = annual risk-free interest rate = 5% compounded discretely for 2 years T = 2 (in years)t = T/n = 1 (time period of each step)u = 1.25 and d = 0.75.
Substituting the values in the above formula, we getp = (e^(0.05*1) - 0.75)/(1.25 - 0.75) = 0.5107The price of the call option, C = e^-rT [pC_u + (1 - p)C_d] where C_u = price of call option if the stock price goes up = max(0, 110 - 100*1.25) = £0C_d = price of call option if the stock price goes down = max(0, 110 - 100*0.75) = £35.
Substituting the values, we getC = e^(-0.05*2) [0.5107(0) + (1 - 0.5107)(35)] = £16.58.
Therefore, the price of a two-year European call option with the strike E=£110 is £16.58.b. Use the call price to calculate the price of the put on BoJo Waffles with the same strike and expiry.
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in what phase of team development do teams select members, become acquainted, build trust, and form a collaborative culture?
In the team development process, the phase where teams select members, become acquainted, build trust, and form a collaborative culture is known as the forming stage.
During the forming stage, team members are introduced to each other, share their backgrounds and experiences, and begin to establish initial connections. This is when team members get to know one another and start building trust within the group.
To form a collaborative culture, team members need to understand and appreciate each other's strengths and skills. This can be achieved through activities such as icebreakers, team-building exercises, and open communication. During this phase, team members may also establish team goals and define their roles and responsibilities within the group.
For example, in a sports team, during the forming stage, team members may introduce themselves, discuss their previous athletic experiences, and start getting to know each other. They may engage in team-building activities such as trust falls or problem-solving exercises to build trust and cooperation among team members. This initial phase sets the foundation for the team's future collaboration and success.
It's important to note that team development is a continuous process, and the forming stage is just the beginning. As the team progresses, they will move on to other stages such as storming, norming, and performing, where they address conflicts, establish norms, and work together effectively.
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(PROJECT RISK MANAGEMENT)
Contingency planning should be part of the risk management plan. Fires, floods and pandemics are the types of events that we often associate with contingency planning. Based on a project scenario :-
(a) Discuss why it is important to make contingency planning for this project.
Contingency planning is essential for every project because it helps to prevent the loss of time, money, and resources in the event of unforeseen circumstances.
Unforeseen circumstances are circumstances that are not anticipated at the start of a project and are therefore not included in the project plan. Unforeseen circumstances can include a variety of events that can disrupt the project and make it difficult to achieve the objectives set out in the project plan. For example, fires, floods, and pandemics are some of the unforeseen circumstances that can occur during a project.
Contingency planning is an essential part of the project risk management plan. It is important because it helps to prevent the loss of time, money, and resources in the event of unforeseen circumstances. In the case of this project scenario, it is important to make contingency planning for the project to ensure that the project is completed successfully and on time. The following are some of the reasons why contingency planning is important for this project:- To prevent project delays: Contingency planning can help to prevent project delays by identifying potential risks and developing strategies to mitigate those risks.- To reduce the impact of risks: Contingency planning can help to reduce the impact of risks by developing strategies to minimize the impact of those risks on the project.- To ensure project success: Contingency planning can help to ensure project success by developing strategies to deal with unforeseen circumstances and to ensure that the project objectives are achieved within the specified time frame.
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Question 2 u A
=x A
02
y A
0.6
,u B
=x B
0.4
y B
0.6
,ω A
=(60,25),ω B
=(40,25). Consider the following pure exchange economy with different consumer preferences and endowments ( e.g., ω A
=(ω x
A
,ω y
A
)), and answer the following question: (a) Draw the Edgeworth box and the endowment point. (b) Find the contract curve y A
=f(x A
), and plot it on the graph. (c) Find the Pareto optimal allocation and price ratio for the corresponding competitive equilibrium. (d) Is the Pareto optimal allocation a fair allocation? Why?
The question pertains to a pure exchange economy with different consumer preferences and endowments. The task is to draw the Edgeworth box, find the contract curve, determine the Pareto optimal allocation, and analyze whether it is a fair allocation.
(a) The Edgeworth box is constructed by plotting the endowment points, ωA = (60, 25) and ωB = (40, 25), to form a box on a graph representing goods A and B.
(b) To find the contract curve yA = f(xA), we need to identify the points where the indifference curves of both consumers are tangent, indicating the feasible allocations that maximize one individual's utility without making the other worse off.
(c) The Pareto optimal allocation is determined by finding the point where the marginal rates of substitution (MRS) of both consumers are equal. By equating the MRS values, we can identify the optimal allocation. The price ratio can be derived from the marginal rate of substitution of the two goods in the competitive equilibrium.
(d) Whether the Pareto optimal allocation is considered fair depends on the definition of fairness being used. Pareto optimality ensures that no individual can be made better off without making another individual worse off. However, fairness is a subjective concept that extends beyond the scope of Pareto optimality.
It's important to note that a visual representation or additional context would aid in providing a more accurate and detailed response.
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describe the process of following up a job interview. brainly; list a minimum of four reasons why you might be rejected for a job offer.; list one method for accepting a job offer and one method for rejecting a job offer.; how to follow-up after interview sample; is a follow-up interview a good sign; follow-up interview email example; what should you mention about the interview in your thank-up letter?; what should you do when the job you interviewed for is not what you wanted?
Following up a job interview is an important step in the hiring process. It helps to show your continued interest in the position and allows you to reiterate your qualifications and suitability for the role. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to follow up after a job interview:
1. Send a thank-you email or letter: Within 24 hours of the interview, express your gratitude for the opportunity to interview for the position. Use this opportunity to restate your interest in the role and briefly summarize your qualifications and why you believe you would be a good fit.
2. Follow the interviewer's instructions: If the interviewer provided you with a specific timeframe for when they will make a decision, respect that timeline and wait for their response. If no timeline was given, it is generally acceptable to follow up after a week or two.
3. Send a follow-up email or call: If you haven't received a response within the given timeframe, you can send a polite email to inquire about the status of your application. Keep the email short, polite, and professional. Alternatively, you can make a phone call to the hiring manager, but ensure you are respectful of their time.
4. Maintain professionalism: Throughout the entire follow-up process, it is important to remain professional and courteous. Avoid being pushy or impatient, as this may negatively impact your chances.
Now, let's address the other questions mentioned:
- Reasons for job rejection:
1. Lack of qualifications or experience.
2. Poor cultural fit with the company.
3. Negative reference checks or background checks.
4. Strong competition from other candidates.
- Accepting a job offer:
You can accept a job offer by sending an email expressing your gratitude for the offer and confirming your acceptance. It is also common to negotiate the terms of employment, such as salary or start date, at this stage.
- Rejecting a job offer:
If you need to decline a job offer, it is best to do so promptly and respectfully. You can send an email expressing your appreciation for the offer, but stating that you have decided to pursue other opportunities that align better with your career goals.
- Follow-up interview as a good sign:
A follow-up interview can be a positive sign as it indicates that the employer is interested in learning more about you and your qualifications. It provides an opportunity to further showcase your skills and suitability for the position.
- Follow-up interview email example:
Subject: Follow-up Interview Inquiry
Dear [Interviewer's Name],
I hope this email finds you well. I wanted to express my gratitude for the opportunity to interview for the [job title] position at [company name]. It was a pleasure to discuss my qualifications and learn more about the company's vision and values.
I would like to inquire about the status of my application and if there are any updates regarding the next steps in the hiring process. I remain enthusiastic about the potential opportunity to contribute to the success of [company name].
Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
- Mentioning the interview in the thank-you letter:
In your thank-you letter, mention specific details from the interview that stood out to you. This could include discussing a particular project or challenge that the interviewer mentioned and explaining how your skills and experience make you well-suited for it. Be sure to express your appreciation for their time and consideration.
- When the job is not what you wanted:
If you discover that the job you interviewed for is not what you wanted, it is important to reflect on your priorities and long-term goals. If the role does not align with your career aspirations or the company culture does not suit you, it may be best to graciously decline the offer and continue your job search for a better fit.
Remember, the key to following up after a job interview is to be professional, polite, and maintain a positive attitude throughout the process. Good luck with your job search!
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The construction of the MRT circle line has caused many inconveniences to the residents staying in the vicinity. They have to endure the noise, the dust as well as the relocation of several roads. Analyze this situation using a suitable externality diagram. Comments on the private optimal output and the social optimal output and explain how the government can help to solve this externality problem.
The construction of M R T Circle line has caused various inconveniences to the residents staying in the nearby areas. They have to put up with the noise, dust, and the relocation of several roads.
This situation can be analyzed using the concept of negative , which is an economic term for situations when a producer does not pay the full cost of producing a product or service, and as a result, this cost is borne by others who are not involved in the production. In this case, the M RT Circle line construction is generating negative.
The private optimal output is the output that would be produced by a firm if it is concerned only with its own profit and not the welfare of society. On the other hand, the social optimal output is the output that would be produced by a firm if it takes into account the welfare of the society as well as its own profit. In the case of M R T Circle line construction, the private optimal output is higher than the social optimal output.
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Which type of documentation details the practical details of how the activities are performed such as whether paper based Not yet reports are used or screen data? answered a. Process map. b. None of the options are correct. Marked out of c. Data flow diagram. d. System flowchart.
The documentation that details the practical details of how the activities are performed such as whether paper-based reports are used or screen data is system flowchart.
A system flowchart is a type of documentation that outlines how activities are performed in an organization, including the practical details such as whether paper-based reports or screen data are used. A system flowchart is a graphical representation of the steps involved in a system's activities and information flow.
It describes the inputs, processes, and outputs of a system and the sequence of steps taken to accomplish the system's tasks and objectives. A system flowchart can be used to help identify opportunities for process improvement, reduce waste and inefficiency, and improve productivity and quality in an organization.
The other options, process map and data flow diagram, also document activities and information flow in an organization, but they do not focus on the practical details of how the activities are performed as system flowcharts do. Therefore, the correct answer is d. System flowchart.
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the outer ring in the network of relationships for project managers includes all of the following except: A. Other organizations. | B. Customers.|C. Contractors. | D. Government agencies.|E. Administrative support
Administrative support is the exception in the outer ring of relationships for project managers, which typically includes other organizations, customers, contractors, and government agencies. Therefore, option E is correct.
Administrative support refers to the personnel and resources that assist project managers in handling administrative tasks and operational functions.
While project managers interact with various stakeholders, including other organizations, customers, contractors, and government agencies, administrative support is distinct as it focuses on internal assistance.
This support can encompass activities like documentation, scheduling, budgeting, reporting, and coordination.
Administrative personnel play a crucial role in ensuring the smooth execution of projects, providing necessary organizational support, and enabling project managers to concentrate on strategic decision-making and overseeing project objectives, timelines, and deliverables.
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1. Which one of the following market is a dealer market? A. Currency market B. Real estate market C. Shanghai Stock Exchange D. Structured Option 2. What is the advantage of the dealer market compared
1. Currency market is a dealer market among the given options A dealer market is a financial market mechanism where dealers buy and sell securities among themselves in order to maintain inventory levels and fulfill the needs of their clients.
In contrast to an auction market, where buyers and sellers compete with each other to obtain the best price, a dealer market involves dealers who buy and sell securities for their own accounts, hoping to profit from the bid-ask spread (the difference between the buying and selling price) as well as by providing liquidity to the market.The currency market is a type of dealer market where currencies are traded in the form of spot transactions, futures contracts, options, swaps, and other derivative instruments.
The currency market, also known as the foreign exchange market, is a decentralized global market where banks, financial institutions, and traders buy and sell currencies according to the prevailing exchange rates. The currency market is open 24 hours a day, five days a week, and is the largest financial market in the world in terms of daily trading volume, which is estimated to be more than 6.6 trillion in April 2019.2. The advantage of a dealer market compared to an auction market The dealer market has several advantages over the auction market.
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Black Ltd provides a range of cleaning services to commercial clients, including office cleaning. On 1 December 20X1, Black Ltd entered into a contract with White Ltd, to clean several of the office buildings managed by White Ltd for 6 months from 1 January 20X2 to 30 June 20X2 for a fee of $6,000. The contract required White Ltd to pay for the services in advance, and on 1 January 20X1, White Ltd paid $6,000 to Black Ltd.
Black Ltd provides cleaning services to various clients, including office cleaning. A contract was signed between Black Ltd and White Ltd on December 1, 20X1. The contract is for cleaning several of the office buildings managed by White Ltd for a period of six months from January 1, 20X2, to June 30, 20X2, for a fee of $6,000. The contract requires that White Ltd pays in advance for the services, and they paid the full amount on January 1,
20X1.The accounting treatment of the contract would be to record the payment received in the current liabilities section of the balance sheet, which is a liability because the service has not yet been rendered. The amount of $6,000 is to be recorded as an unearned revenue in the balance sheet.
The treatment of unearned revenue will be recognized as income as and when the services are performed by Black Ltd. In this case, the income recognition will be over six months, which is the duration of the contract, which means $1,000 will be recognized as income each month.The revenue of $1,000 would be recorded in the profit and loss account each month during the duration of the contract, and this would continue until the service is fully rendered. The financial statements for Black Ltd would show the increase in revenue by $1,000 every month, while the balance sheet would show the unearned revenue decreasing every month until the contract's completion.
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2. The Go-Blue Company has common stock outstanding that has a current price of $20 per share and the most recent dividend $1.50/ share. G0-Blue's dividends are expected to grow at a rate of 5% per year, forever. The expected risk-free rate of interest is 4%, and the expected market Risk premium is 8%. The beta on Go-Blue 's stock is 1.2. a. What is the cost of equity for Go-Blue using the constant dividend growth model? b. What is the cost of equity for Go-Blue using the capital asset pricing model? c. Calculate the overall cost of equity. (Average of the two methods).
The cost of equity for Go-Blue using the constant dividend growth model The constant dividend growth model is also known as the Gordon Model. It is used to calculate the cost of equity of a firm that pays dividends and grows at a constant rate.
The formula to calculate the cost of equity for Go-Blue using the constant dividend growth model is as follows:
Cost of equity using the constant dividend growth model (Ke) = (Expected dividend/ Current stock price) + growth rate [tex]Ke = (1.5/20) + 5% Ke = 12.5%b[/tex]
The cost of equity for Go-Blue using the Capital Asset Pricing Model The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a financial model that is used to calculate the cost of equity of a company. The formula to calculate the cost of equity for Go-Blue using the Capital Asset Pricing Model is as follows:
[tex]CAPM = Rf + Beta × (Rm - Rf)CAPM = 4% + 1.2 × 8%CAPM = 13.6%c[/tex]
The overall cost of equity (Average of the two methods)To calculate the overall cost of equity, we need to take the average of the two methods.
[tex]Overall cost of equity = (Ke using constant dividend growth model + Ke using CAPM)/ 2[/tex]
[tex]Overall cost of equity = (12.5% + 13.6%)/ 2[/tex]
[tex]Overall cost of equity = 13.05%[/tex]
Thus, the [tex]overall cost of equity of Go-Blue is 13.05%.[/tex]
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Funshop Ltd is a Furniture retailer and sells the following five products. At December 2021z, quantity on hand, cost per unit and net realizable value (NRV) per unit of the product lines are as follows.
Product Quantity on hand(Units) Cost per unit(P) NRV per unit
Lounge 100 1000 1020
Dining Tables 200 500 450
Beds 300 1500 1600
Chairs 400 750 770
Dressing tables 500 250 200
Funshop Ltd is a furniture retailer that offers five products: lounge, dining tables, beds, chairs, and dressing tables.
At December 2021, quantity on hand, cost per unit, and net realizable value (NRV) per unit of the product lines are given as follows:ProductQuantity on hand (Units)Cost per unit (P)NRV per unitLounge10010001020Dining Tables200500450Beds30015001600Chairs400750770Dressing tables500250200Let us compute the value of the inventory.
We will use the following formula to calculate the value of the inventory:Total value of inventory = (Quantity on hand × Cost per unit)Let us find the total value of each product:Lounge: Total value of inventory = 100 × 1000 = 100,000Dining Tables: Total value of inventory = 200 × 500 = 100,000Beds: Total value of inventory = 300 × 1500 = 450,000Chairs: Total value of inventory = 400 × 750 = 300,000 Dressing tables: Total value of inventory = 500 × 250 = 125,000,
the total value of the inventory is:Total value of inventory = (100,000 + 100,000 + 450,000 + 300,000 + 125,000) = 1,075,000The company's inventory is worth 1,075,000 Pounds. It should be noted that the inventory is valued at its net realizable value, which is the estimated selling price less the cost of completion and selling expenses. Based on the given data, the lounge and chairs have an NRV greater than their cost per unit.
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When a store sells an item to a customer, the store transfers possession from the store to the consumer. Which type of utility does this best describe?
A.
Place utility
B.
Time utility
C.
Possessor utility
D.
Value utility
E.
Ownership utility
When a store sells an item to a customer, the store transfers possession from the store to the consumer. The utility is E. Ownership utility.
When a store sells an item to a customer and transfers possession from the store to the consumer, it best describes ownership utility. Ownership utility refers to the value or satisfaction that a customer derives from owning a product or having physical possession of it.
By purchasing the item, the customer gains ownership and control over the product, allowing them to use it, benefit from it, or dispose of it as they see fit. This transfer of possession creates ownership utility as it fulfills the customer's desire to possess and control the product.
The other types of utility mentioned are:
A. Place utility: The convenience and accessibility of a product or service to customers in the desired location.
B. Time utility: The availability of a product or service when it is needed or desired by customers.
C. Possessor utility: The ability to physically handle or touch a product before making a purchase decision.
D. Value utility: The perception of a product's worth or value based on its features, quality, and price.
While these types of utility are important in the overall customer experience, the specific scenario described in the question relates to the transfer of possession, which aligns with ownership utility.
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the first sdlc model, replaced in many organizations but still used for very complex systems
The Waterfall model was the first SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) model that was introduced in 1970 by Winston Royce.
This model is a sequential and linear approach to software development, meaning that each phase must be completed before the next phase can start. This model has been replaced in many organizations by more iterative and flexible approaches, such as Agile and DevOps.
The Waterfall model is still used for very complex systems where there is a clear understanding of the requirements and the system architecture. This is because the Waterfall model requires a lot of planning and documentation, which can be beneficial for complex systems that need to be developed over a long period of time.
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which of the following is true? multiple choice a monopolist always earns an economic profit. a monopolist produces on the inelastic portion of its demand. in the short run, a monopoly will shut down if p < avc. the more inelastic the demand, the closer marginal revenue is to price.
In the short run, a monopoly will shut down if p < avc. Thus, option C is the correct option.
In the short run, a monopoly will shut down if the price (p) falls below the average variable cost (AVC). This condition indicates that the monopoly is unable to cover its variable costs with the revenue generated from selling its products.
When the price is lower than the average variable cost, each unit sold contributes less to cover the variable costs associated with production. As a result, the firm incurs losses on each unit produced and sold. If the losses become too substantial, it becomes economically favorable for the monopoly to shut down operations temporarily and minimize its losses.
By shutting down, the monopoly avoids incurring further variable costs and can potentially reassess its pricing and production strategies in hopes of achieving profitability in the long run.
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A colleague who is now your client has approached you with a question. They are looking into Treasury Bills. For $888.06 they can purchase a 1 Year Treasury Bill that will pay them $900 with no coupon payments. They want to know their return on investment expressed as a percentage. What would you tell them?
Treasury Bills (T-bills) are issued by the U.S. Treasury to fund the federal government’s short-term financing requirements. They are used to raise funds for the government at a low cost of borrowing.
Treasury bills are an excellent investment vehicle for those looking to invest in a risk-free instrument that is free of credit risk. The investor's return on investment (ROI) is the percentage gain or loss they receive on their investment over a given period.
The return on investment (ROI) formula is calculated as follows:
ROI = (Gain from Investment - Cost of Investment) / Cost of InvestmentGiven that a 1-year Treasury Bill costs $888.06 and pays $900 at maturity, we can calculate the ROI.ROI = (Gain from Investment - Cost of Investment) / Cost of InvestmentROI = ($900 - $888.06) / $888.06ROI = $11.94 / $888.06ROI = 0.0134 or 1.34%Therefore, the return on investment expressed as a percentage for the 1 Year Treasury Bill is 1.34%.
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