Answer:
d
Explanation:
a. KCl
b. NaCl
c. Na2SO4
d. NaF
e. CaCl2
The molarity of a solution is a measure of the number of moles of solutes per volume (in liters) of the solution.
The number of moles of a solute depends largely on the mass and the molar mass of the solute. Hence,
mole = mass/molar mass
Equal amounts of KCl, NaCl, Na2SO4, NaF, and CaCl2 would have a different number of moles due to a difference in their molar mass. The higher the molar mass, the lower the number of moles, and vice versa.
The molar mass (in g/mole) of each of the solute compounds is as follows
KCl - 74.55
NaCl - 58.44
Na2SO4 - 142.04
NaF - 41.99
CaCl2 - 110.98
NaF has the lowest molar mass and, hence, would have the highest number of moles. This means that when an equal amount of the substances above is dissolved in the same amount of water, NaF would have the highest molarity.
The correct option is d.
A chemist adds of a potassium permanganate solution to a reaction flask. Calculate the mass in grams of potassium permanganate the chemist has added to the flask
Answer:
3.41 g
Explanation:
A chemist adds 260.0 mL of a 0.0832 M potassium permanganate solution to a reaction flask. Calculate the mass in grams of potassium permanganate the chemist has added to the flask.
Step 1: Given data
Volume of the solution (V): 260.0 mL (0.2600 L)Molar concentration of the solution (C): 0.0832 M (0.0832 mol/L)Step 2: Calculate the moles (n) of potassium permanganate added
We will use the following expression.
n = C × V
n = 0.0832 mol/L × 0.2600 L = 0.0216 mol
Step 3: Calculate the mass corresponding to 0.0216 moles of potassium permanganate
The molar mass of potassium permanganate is 158.03 g/mol.
0.0216 mol × 158.03 g/mol = 3.41 g
A(n) _______________ holds municipal solid waste, construction debris, and some types of agricultural and industrial waste.
Answer:
sanitary landfill
Explanation:
help plz :) I will give brainliest
Which section of a narrative shows the protagonist deciding to solve a problem?
Climax
Exposition
Resolution
Rising action
If earth is 1.50 x 10^8km from the sun what is the distance in Mm?
The distance of the earth to the sun in Mm = 1.5 x 10⁵
Further explanationGiven
The distance of the earth to the sun : 1.50 x 10⁸ km
Required
The distance in Mm
Solution
In converting units we must pay attention to the conversion factor.
the conversion factor :
1 kilometer(km) = 10⁻³ megameter(Mm)
So the distance conversion :
1.5 x 10⁸ x 10⁻³ = 1.5 x 10⁵ Mm
Question 3
Which organism in a food web does not get its energy from other organisms?
A. decomposer
O
B. producer
O
C. primary consumer
D. secondary consumer
O
Hi there!
[tex]\large\boxed{\text{B. Producer}}[/tex]
The only organisms in a food web that do not get energy from other organisms are producers. These are autotrophs (ex: plants or phytoplankton) that use photosynthesis to produce energy. This means that these organisms only intake water and sunlight rather than nutrients from other organisms (consumers).
Critical thinking problem: The iron in hemoglobin in our red blood cells is used to bind and carry dioxygen throughout the body. Iron is one of the atoms that can form hybrid orbitals using its d-shell electrons, which allows for a greater number of sigma bonds than just four. When iron is only bound to protein, it forms five sigma bonds with one lone pair. The iron atom is pulled down below the central square plane due to one of the bonds with the hemoglobin protein. The thick lines indicate bonds pointing out of the screen, while dashed lines indicate bonds pointing into the screen, so as to suggest 3-D structure.
When iron binds to dioxygen, it now has six sigma bonds. The geometry changes, even though the hybridization orbitals do not change. The dashed lines are still present, as seen from the top-down view, but the thick lines hide them in the side-on view.
Why would the molecular geometry for iron change in this case? Would this have anything to do with the ability of hemoglobin to bind oxygen tightly?
Answer:
Search
How can we help you?
Search
Downloads
Remixer
Username
Password
Sign in
Sign in
Contents Home Bookshelves Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Supplemental Modules (Physical and Theoretical Chemistry) Electronic Structure of Atoms and Molecules Expand/collapse global location
Predicting the Hybridization of Simple Molecules
Last updatedAug 16, 2020
Predicting the Bond-Order of Oxides based Acid Radicals
Prediction of Aromatic, Anti Aromatic and Non Aromatic Character of Heterocyclic Compounds along with their Omission Behavior- Innovative Mnemonics
picture_as_pdf
Readability
Donate
Prof. Linus Pauling (1931) first developed the Hybridization state theory in order to explain the structure of molecules such as methane (CH4).1This concept was developed for simple chemical systems but this one applied more widely later on and from today’s point of view it is considered an operative empirical for excusing the structures of organic and inorganic compounds along with their related problems. An innovative method proposed for the determination of hybridization state on time economic ground 2,3,4.
Prediction of sp, sp2, sp3 Hybridization state
We Know, hybridization is nothing but the mixing of orbital’s in different ratio to form some newly synthesized orbitals called hybrid orbitals. The mixing pattern is as follows:
s + p (1:1) - sp hybrid orbital; s + p (1:2) - sp2 hybrid orbital ; s + p (1:3) - sp3 hybrid orbital
Formula used for the determination of sp, sp2 and sp3 hybridization state:
Power on the Hybridization state of the central atom = (Total no of σ bonds around each central atom -1)
All single (-) bonds are σ bond, in double bond (=) there is one σ and 1π, in triple bond (≡) there is one σ and 2π. In addition to these each lone pair (LP) and Co-ordinate bond can be treated as one σ bond subsequently.
Eg.:
a. In NH3: central atom N is surrounded by three N-H single bonds i.e. three sigma (σ) bonds and one lone pair (LP) i.e. one additional σ bond. So, in NH3 there is a total of four σ bonds [3 bond pairs (BPs) + 1 lone pair (LP)] around central atom N. Therefore, in this case power of the hybridization state of N = 4-1 = 3 i.e. hybridization state = sp3.
b. In H2O: central atom O is surrounded by two O-H single bonds i.e. two sigma (σ) bonds and two lone pairs i.e. two additional σ bonds. So, altogether in H2O there are four σ bonds (2 bond pairs + 2 lone pairs) around central atom O, So, in this case power of the hybridization state of O = 4-1 =3 i.e. hybridization state of O in H2O = sp3.
c. In H3BO3:- B has 3σ bonds (3BPs but no LPs) and oxygen has 4σ bonds (2BPs & 2LPs) so, in this case power of the hybridization state of B = 3-1 = 2 i.e. B is sp2 hybridized in H3BO3. On the other hand, power of the hybridization state of O = 4-1= 3 i.e. hybridization state of O in H3BO3 is sp3.
d. In I-Cl: I and Cl both have 4σ bonds and 3LPs, so, in this case power of the hybridization state of both I and Cl = 4 - 1 = 3 i.e. hybridization state of I and Cl both are sp3.
e. In CH2=CH2: each carbon is attached with 2 C-H single bonds (2 σ bonds) and one C=C bond (1σ bond), so, altogether there are 3 sigma bonds. So, in this case, power of the hybridization state of both C = 3-1 = 2 i.e. hybridization state of both C’s are sp2.
Prediction of sp3d, sp3d2, and sp3d3 Hybridization States
6. A. If 4.50 mols of ethane, C2H6, undergoes combustion according to the unbalanced equation
C2H6 + O2 ----------> CO2 + H2O
how many moles of oxygen are required?
B. How many moles of each product are formed?
Answer:
for one mole of C2H6 there are 7/2 mole of O2 required. so for4. 50 moles you require 4.50 x 7/2 = 15.75 moles of O2.
Explanation:
i hope it's helpful
where do convection currents occur
Answer: Lava lamps, Earth's mantle, and the Earth's atmosphere.
Explanation: Convection occurs when denser elements sink while less dense elements rise due to difference in density caused by heat.
The wax in lava lamps rises when heated up since their density decreases. The same is for the Earth's mantle, where hotter materials rise, while the cooler ones sink.
classify the sentences based on the chemical reactions they describe.
Determine the number of valence electrons for the following: [kr] 5s2 4d6
A)5
B)2
C)4
D)7
E)8
F)6
Answer: B) 2 (as indicated by electron distribution shown), but taking into account the real properties of this element, 4,7,8 also occur (see below).
Explanation:
This is the electron complement/atomic number of ruthenium, which actually has the structure [Kr] 5s1 4d7
Nevertheless, Ru does not form Ru(I) compounds and few Ru(II) compounds (RuCl2, RuBr2, RuI2). It also forms Ru(III)Cl3 and a larger number of Ru(IV) compounds, e.g. RuO2, RuS2. It also forms RuO4
Which of the following combinations would form an atom with no charge (neutral)
A 3 protons, 3 neutrons, 4 electrons
B. 5 protons, 5 neutrons, 4 electrons
C. 4 protons, 3 neutrons, 4 electrons
D. 5 protons, 6 neutrons, 6 electrons
Answer:
C
Explanation:
What coefficient of 02 should be added so the number of atoms of oxygen is conserved on both sides of the reaction equation
Answer:
5
Explanation:
Use your periodic table to complete the table below. The first one has been done for you.
Element
Atomic #
Mass
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Symbol
Iodine
53
127
53
74
54
I1-
35
17
Cl1-
Hydrogen
1
1
0
35
45
36
5
11
B3+
Oxygen
16
8
10
Element
Atomic #
Mass
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Symbol
Nitrogen
7
7
10
Aluminum
27
10
56
26
24
29
35
Cu1+
64
29
27
Match each of the positive ions listed with the total number of electrons that ion contains. Use your periodic table. The same answer may be used more than once.
A) 2 B) 10 C) 21 D) 23 E) 24
F) 25 G) 36 H) 48 I) 76 J) 81
____ Al+3 ____ Fe+3 ____ Mg+2 ____ Sn+2
____ Li+1 ____ Cr+3 ____ Rb+1 ____ Pt+2
Answer: my epic on fortnite is
Explanation:Bookboy24 ok add me and arena or creative
Beth heats a pot of water to cook pasta.
What may happen as a result of adding heat?
Answer: i’m taking a test w this question rn and i think the best answer is D. When the water begins to boil, some of the water molecules will gain enough energy to change into a gas. i could def be wrong tho
Which structures allow communication between plant cells?
The cells in both plants are animals are connected together and communicate through some specified structures. In plants cells are connected by a tubular structure called plasmodesmata.
What are cells?Cells are the basic units of every lives. A cell contains a nucleus which is the center of a cell and regulates the overall functions of the cell. The cytoplasm of cells are connected for communication by some structure which are different for plants and animals.
In the case of plants, the cells junction or the structure which connects adjacent cell is called plasmodesmata which links the endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm and plasma membranes of the plant cells.
Through these microscopic channels transport of smaller ions and signals are passed to adjacent cells. A typical plant cell might have about 100000 plasmodesmata connecting the cells.
Plasmodesmata appears to be continuous extension of the cell membrane. Hence, the structures that allow communication between plant cells is Plasmodesmata.
To find more about plant cells, refer the link below
https://brainly.com/question/1493437
#SPJ2
how do I connect a nuclear transfer pipe to an energy condenser that is connected to a tessoract?
Answer:
Yes You use the nuclear transfuser to do that
Explanation:
Answer:
tessoract? also why did you stael my name?
Explanation:
Suppose that we continue to work with the gas from the previous problem ( 2 moles of gas occupy 126 L at 346 K, and that the van der Waals constants are a = 6.20 atmL^2/mol^2 and b = 0.0852 L/mol), but consider the molecules to be mathematical points. Calculate the pressure and compare it to the values from the previous problem.
Answer:
0.448 atm
Explanation:
So, we have;
n = 2 moles
V = 126 L
T = 346 K
a = 6.20 atmL^2/mol^2
b = 0.0852 L/mol
R = 0.082 atmLK-1mol-1
P = nRT/V -nb - an^2/V^2
Substituting values;
P=2 * 0.082 * 346/126 -(2 * 0.0852) - 6.20 * 2^2/126^2
P=56.744/125.8296 -24.8/15876
P= 0.45 - 0.001562
P= 0.448 atm
Sometimes atoms form molecules by sharing two pairs of valence electrons. When this occurs, the atoms are said to be joined by...
Answer:
A double covalent bond
Explanation:
A double covalent bond is a situation where we have two pairs of electrons shared together between the atoms instead of just one pair. Oxygen gas is an example of a simple molecule that contains double bonds.
In other words, it is a type of chemical bond that has 2 electron pairs shared between two atoms.
What type of sugar derivative has the aldehyde group (-CHO) of an aldose replaced by a carboxylic acid group (-COOH)
Answer:
Aldonic acids
Explanation:
Aldonic acids are a group of sugar acids which are derived from the oxidation of the aldehyde group (-CHO) of an aldose to a carboxylic acid group (-COOH).
The aldehyde group of monosaccharides is easily oxidized to the carboxylic acid group by relatively mild oxidizing agents such as copper (ii) ions and the products are called aldonic acids. This oxidation of monosaccharides such as glucose and other reducing sugars is the basis for the test for reducing sugars using the Fehling's reagent, whereby blue copper (ii) ions in solution are reduced to red copper (i) oxide which precipitate out of solution. The most common oxidizing agent used in preparation of aldonic acids is bromine. For example, oxidation of D-glucose by bromine water at C1 yields D-gluconic acid.
Aldonic acids do not usually exist in hemiacetal ring forms but are generally found in their lactone form which are cyclic structures formed by an ester linkage between the carboxylic group and one of the hydroxyl groups of the same molecule.
Explain how you know it must be oxygen. Where did the oxygen come from?
Answer:
Copper oxide is the only product, and it contains copper and oxygen.
One of the reactants is copper, so the other reactant must be oxygen.
The copper metal must have combined with something in the air.
Explanation:
We made a bowl of jelly. What sort of change is this?
Answer:
Explanation:
It changes from a liquid to a solid. This change occurred due to the change in temperature. As the mixture cooled, the molecules condensed and the mixture formed a solid shape.Which formed the jelly.
a gas expands from 266 mL to 983 mL at constant temperature. calc the work done (in joules) by the gas if it expands against a vacuum. also call the work done (in joules) by the gas if it expands against a constant pressure of 4.09 atm.
Answer:
w₁ = 0 J
w₂ = -297 J
Explanation:
Step 1: Given data
Initial volume: 266 mL (0.266 L)
Final volume: 983 mL (0.983 L)
Step 2: Calculate the work done (in joules) by the gas if it expands against a vacuum
We will use the following expression.
w₁ = -P₁ × ΔV
Since the gas expands against a vacuum, P₁ = 0. Thus, w₁ = 0 J
Step 3: Calculate the work done (in joules) by the gas if it expands against a constant pressure of 4.09 atm
We will use the following expression.
w₂ = -P₂ × ΔV
w₂ = -4.09 atm × (0.983 L-0.266 L) = -2.93 atm.L
Then, we convert w₂ to Joule using the conversion factor 1 atm.L = 101.325 J.
-2.93 atm.L × 101.325 J/1 atm.L = -297 J
What would happen if the earths orbit was longer or shoter?
Answer:
If Earth were to change its orbit – maybe because the sun somehow disappeared or another, larger object entered the solar system and exerted a stronger pull – it would very likely mean the end of life as we know it. Without any orbit, Earth would likely go crashing directly into the sun.
Explanation:
Hope this helped! Please give brainly if you want!
Explanation:
If Earth were to change its orbit – maybe because the sun somehow disappeared or another, larger object entered the solar system and exerted a stronger pull – it would very likely mean the end of life as we know it. Without any orbit, Earth would likely go crashing directly into the sun.
I need help ASAP please giving brainliest!!
Explanation:
im bumb like really bumb
What happens when sodium undergoes a chemical reaction with chlorine? A The two substances form a heterogeneous mixture B. The two substances form a homogenous mixture C A new compound is formed – salt D The two substances undergo various physical changes
Answer:
C.) A new compound is formed - salt
Explanation:
Na is a metal
Cl is a nonmetal
When they are combined, they form ionic bonds as they seek to fill their octets. Salts are ionic compounds.
When sodium undergoes a chemical reaction with chlorine, a new compound is formed known as sodium chloride or common table salt. The correct option is C.
Chemical reaction is a chemical process, which involves the transformation of one or more substances, called reactants, into new substances, called products. These reactions occur when atoms or ions or molecules rearrange their bonds to form different chemical compounds.
The reaction between sodium and chlorine is highly exothermic (releases heat energy) and produces a violent reaction, resulting in the formation of a stable ionic compound.
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
[tex]2Na + Cl_2\rightarrow 2NaCl[/tex]
In this reaction, the sodium atoms (Na) lose one electron each to achieve a stable electron configuration, forming sodium ions (Na+), while the chlorine molecules [tex](Cl_2)[/tex] gain one electron each to form chloride ions (Cl-). The resulting sodium ions and chloride ions attract each other due to their opposite charges, forming a three-dimensional crystal lattice of sodium chloride.
Therefore, when sodium undergoes a chemical reaction with chlorine, a new compound is formed that is salt. Option C is the correct answer.
Learn more about chemical reactions here:
https://brainly.com/question/29762834
#SPJ6
Which finding would have disproved Virchow’s hypothesis?
a. Animalcules are not organisms.
b. Animals are made of non–cell-based matter.
c. Plants are made of non–cell-based matter.
d.Cells can generate from nonliving matter.
Answer:
DJSZJDSFRBGUEJD HVCX
Explanation:
PLEASE HELPPPOOOOSPO
If an element has three isotopes with known masses, what other information
is needed to find the average atomic mass of the element?
A. The number of neutrons in each isotope
B. The average mass of the isotopes
C. The atomic number of each isotope
D. The abundance percentage of each isotope
Answer: D
Explanation: Hope this helps!
What would happen if the kinetic energy of the reactants was not enough to provide the needed activation energy
Answer:
The products would not be formed or the reaction could not be carried out.
Explanation:
Sometimes in these situations it is chosen to place a chemical compound that accelerates the reaction and increases the kinetic energy of the reactants, without altering their chemical composition, and this is called a catalyst, which can be anything from a protein to a macromolecule.
How much concentrated solution would you take to prepare 1.30 LL of 0.100 MM HNO3HNO3 by mixing with water
Answer:
8.2mL of the concentrated solution must be taken diluting to 1.30L with water
Explanation:
The concentrated HNO₃ comes in a presentation of 70% = 15.8M
As the concentrated solution is of 15.8M and we want to obtain a 0.100M, the dilution must be of:
15.8M / 0.100M = 158 times must be the concentrated solution diluted
As the total volume we want to prepare is 1.30L, the volume of the concentrated solution must be:
1.30L / 158 = 8.2x10⁻³L =
8.2mL of the concentrated solution must be taken diluting to 1.30L with waterWhat is responsible for the unusual ecosystem of the highlands?
Answer:
volcanoes and volcanic activity
Explanation:
I had the same Question and I got that.
Answer: Volcanoes and Volcanic Activity :)
Explanation: I got the same question :D
