The balanced equation for the reaction is 2Al + 3H3PO4 → Al2(HPO4)3 + 3H2. To determine which reactant limits the reaction, we need to calculate the number of moles of each reactant.
The moles of phosphoric acid are 1.82 g / 98 g/mol = 0.0186 mol, and the moles of aluminum are 0.659 g / 27 g/mol = 0.0244 mol. The stoichiometry of the balanced equation shows that 3 moles of phosphoric acid react with 2 moles of aluminum, so aluminum is the limiting reactant. Phosphoric acid is in excess, and we can calculate the amount of excess by subtracting the amount of aluminum used from the initial amount: 1.82 g - (0.659 g / 27 g/mol * 2) = 1.33 g. Therefore, 1.33 g of phosphoric acid are left over.
a. Balanced equation: 2 Al + 6 H3PO4 → 2 Al(PO4)3 + 3 H2
b. Limiting reactant: Aluminum (Al)
c. Excess reactant: Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
d. Excess reactant left over: 1.34 g of H3PO4
In this reaction, aluminum and phosphoric acid react to produce aluminum phosphate and hydrogen gas. The limiting reactant is determined by comparing the amount of each reactant present, in this case, 1.82 g of H3PO4 and 0.659 g of Al. Aluminum is the limiting reactant, meaning it will be completely consumed during the reaction, while phosphoric acid is in excess. After the reaction, 1.34 g of phosphoric acid will be left over.
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consider the reaction, , which is found to be first order in. which step of the proposed mechanism must be slow in order to agree with this rate law?
If the overall reaction is found to be first order in a particular reactant, then the rate-determining step must also involve that reactant. Therefore, in order for the proposed mechanism to agree with the observed rate law, the step involving the reactant in question must be the slow step or the rate-determining step.
let's first define the terms:
1. Order: It represents the dependence of the reaction rate on the concentration of the reactants.
2. Mechanism: It is a series of elementary steps that describe the pathway of a reaction from reactants to products.
Now, you haven't provided the specific reaction and proposed mechanism, but I can still guide you on how to determine the slow step in a mechanism based on the reaction order. Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. Determine the overall reaction and the rate law: For a first-order reaction, the rate law would be in the form of rate = k[A], where k is the rate constant and [A] is the concentration of the reactant.
2. Analyze the proposed mechanism: Identify the elementary steps, including the reactants, products, and any intermediates involved.
3. Identify the rate-determining step: The slowest step in a mechanism is considered the rate-determining step, as it controls the overall reaction rate. The rate law of the slow step should match the rate law of the overall reaction.
4. Match the rate law: Look for a step in the mechanism with a rate law that agrees with the overall rate law (first order in A). The step that matches this criterion is the slow step.
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the synthesis of dipropyl ether from propanol is shown below. what reagent and reaction conditions are required for the reaction to occur?
To synthesize dipropyl ether from propanol, a dehydrating agent such as sulfuric acid is needed and the reaction should be carried out under reflux conditions.
The synthesis of dipropyl ether from propanol involves the elimination of a molecule of water from two molecules of propanol. This reaction can be catalyzed by dehydrating agents such as sulfuric acid. Under reflux conditions, the reaction mixture is heated to the boiling point of the solvent and then cooled and condensed back into the reaction vessel.
The use of reflux ensures that any volatile products are not lost during the reaction. The reaction can also be carried out under atmospheric pressure or under vacuum. However, the use of sulfuric acid and reflux conditions is the most common method for the synthesis of dipropyl ether from propanol. Dipropyl ether is used as a solvent and as a fuel additive due to its high octane number.
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The synthesis of dipropyl ether from propanol can be achieved through a dehydration reaction. The reagent and reaction conditions for this reaction are as follows:Propanol (C₃H₇OH)
Add propanol (C₃H₇OH) to a reaction vessel.Use an acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) or phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄). The acid catalyst facilitates the dehydration reaction by removing water.Heat the reaction mixture to promote the elimination of water from propanol.The reaction is typically carried out under reflux conditions, which means heating the mixture and allowing the reaction vapors to condense and flow back into the reaction vessel to prevent the loss of volatile components.Continue heating and refluxing until the desired conversion to dipropyl ether (C₃H₇OC₃H₇) is achieved.After the reaction is complete, separate the product, dipropyl ether, from the reaction mixture, which may involve techniques such as extraction or distillation.The resulting dipropyl ether can be further purified, if desired, through additional purification methods such as distillation or filtration.
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C l F 3 has 'T-shaped' geometry. There are non-bonding domains in this molecule. a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3 e) 4
The statemtent C l F 3 has 'T-shaped' geometry. There are non-bonding domains in this molecule has correct option c) 2 . The number of non-bonding domains in ClF3 is option c) 2.
Chlorine trifluoride (ClF3) has a "T-shaped" molecular geometry due to the presence of two non-bonding electron domains, in addition to the three bonding domains formed by the Cl-F bonds. In an explanation of the molecule's structure, the central chlorine atom is surrounded by five electron domains, consisting of three bonding domains and two non-bonding domains. The non-bonding domains occupy equatorial positions, forcing the three fluorine atoms into a "T-shaped" arrangement.
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a particular compound has an enthalpy of vaporization of 28.4 kj/mol. at 274 k it has a vapor pressure of 122 mm hg. what is its vapor pressure at its normal boiling point?
When, a compound having an enthalpy of vaporization of 28.4 kj/mol. at 274 k it has a vapor pressure of 122 mm hg. Then, the vapor pressure of the compound at its normal boiling point is 1.037 x 10⁻³ mm Hg.
To solve this problem, we can use the Clausius-Clapeyron equation;
ln(P₂/P₁) = (ΔHvap/R) x (1/T₁ - 1/T₂)
where;
P₁ = vapor pressure at temperature T₁
P₂ = vapor pressure at temperature T₂
ΔHvap = enthalpy of vaporization
R = gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K))
ln = natural logarithm
We are given P₁ = 122 mm Hg at T₁ = 274 K, and we want to find P₂ at the normal boiling point, which we can assume is the boiling point at 1 atm of pressure. At this pressure, the boiling point is equal to the normal boiling point.
We will convert the pressure from mm Hg to atm by dividing by 760;
P₁ = 122/760 = 0.1605 atm
We can assume that the enthalpy of vaporization is constant over the small temperature range between T₁ and the normal boiling point, so we can use the given value of ΔHvap.
We can also assume that the boiling point of the liquid increases linearly with pressure, so we can use the boiling point at 1 atm as an approximation for the boiling point at P₂. We can find the boiling point at 1 atm from a table or calculator;
Boiling point of compound = 337 K
Now we put all the values into the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and solve for P;
ln(P₂/0.1605) = (28.4 x 10³ J/mol / (8.314 J/(mol·K))) x (1/274 K - 1/337 K)
ln(P₂/0.1605) = -9.36
P₂/0.1605 = [tex]e^{(-9.36)}[/tex]
P₂ = 1.37 x 10⁻⁵ atm
Finally, we can convert the pressure back to mm Hg;
P₂ = 1.037 x 10⁻³ mm Hg
Therefore, the vapor pressure of the compound at its normal boiling point is approximately 1.037 x 10⁻³ mm Hg.
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What volume of oxygen can be collected by displacement of water STP by the complete decompostion of 5.00g of KCLO3
2 KCLO3+heat->2 KCL (s)+3 O2(g)
SHOW WORK
URGEN/
Volume of oxygen that can be collected by displacement of water at STP by the complete decomposition of 5.00g of KClO₃ is 1.344 L.
No. of moles of KClO₃ = Mass/Molar mass
No. of moles = 5 / 122.5 = 0.04
The given reaction is-
2 KClO₃ + heat → 2KCl(s) + 3O₂(g)
2 moles of KClO₃ forms 3 moles of O₂
1 moles of KClO₃ forms 3/2 moles of O₂
0.04 moles of KClO₃ forms 1.5 × 0.04 = 0.06 moles of O₂
1 mole of any gas at STP is 22.4 L.
Hence, 0.06 moles of O₂ will have 1.344 L.
Avogadro's number is the number of units in one mole of any substance and equals to 6.02214076 × 10²³. The units can be electrons, atoms, ions, or molecules.
No. of moles is defined as a particular no. of particles that we can calculate with the help of Avogadro’s number.
Mass of a particular product is also find out by stoichiometry of a reaction as per the no. of mole given in the reaction.
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technician a says that major sources of chemical dangers are from solvents containing chlorinated hydrofluorocarbons. technician b says that solvents can be reclaimed so that they can be reused. which technician is correct?
Technician B is correct. Solvents can indeed be reclaimed and reused, reducing both the environmental impact and the need for new solvent production.
Solvents are widely used in various industries and can pose chemical dangers if mishandled or released into the environment. However, the major sources of chemical dangers are not limited to solvents containing chlorinated hydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs). There are many other types of solvents with different chemical compositions that can also present risks.
Technician B's statement about solvents being reclaimable and reusable is accurate. Solvent reclamation involves processes such as distillation, filtration, and purification, which help remove impurities and contaminants from used solvents. This allows the solvents to be restored to a usable condition, reducing waste generation and the need for new solvent production. Solvent reclamation is an effective method for reducing environmental impact, promoting sustainability, and minimizing the potential hazards associated with solvent use.
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When Walker decides that she wants to explore beyond the Milky Way, what does she find?
Walker found about dying radio galaxy, plasma duct and radio galaxies while exploring over the Milky way galaxy.
What is the Milky Way about?Walker's exploration beyond the Milky Way led her to discover a dying radio galaxy, plasma ducts emitting faint whistles in the Earth's ionosphere, and several of the newest and most peculiar radio galaxies.
Thus, it can be deduced that Walker came across a range of phenomena including dying radio galaxies, plasma ducts, and unusual radio galaxies. Walker may discover various galaxies with distinct features, structures, and residents, beyond the Milky Way.
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Jaden Reynolds Astronomy; When Walker decides that she wants to explore beyond the Milky Way, what does she find?
explain the difference between melting and glass transition. what type of materials undergo glass transition (think crystal structure)?
Melting and glass transition are two distinct processes that occur in materials, but they are often confused with each other. The main difference between melting and glass transition lies in the change in the physical state of the material.
Melting is a process in which a solid material is heated to a temperature at which its crystalline structure breaks down and becomes a liquid. On the other hand, glass transition is a process in which a solid material is heated to a temperature at which its amorphous structure transitions from a rigid state to a more fluid-like state. Melting occurs in materials that have a well-defined crystal structure, such as metals, ceramics, and some polymers. When these materials are heated, their atoms vibrate more rapidly and eventually become so energetic that the bonds holding them together break down, and the material transitions into a liquid state.
During melting, the material goes through a gradual transition from a solid state to a liquid state, with the molecules and atoms moving more freely as the temperature increases.Glass transition, on the other hand, occurs in amorphous materials such as glasses, some plastics, and other non-crystalline solids. These materials lack a well-defined crystal structure and have a disordered arrangement of atoms or molecules. When amorphous materials are heated, their atoms or molecules gain kinetic energy, causing them to move more rapidly. At a certain temperature, known as the glass transition temperature (Tg), the material becomes more flexible and rubbery, and it can be shaped or molded more easily. However, the material is still a solid, and it does not flow like a liquid.
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Can anyone explain and solve
The theoretical yield of Fe₂O₃ is 0.0059 moles and the percent Yield is 44.2%
How to determine theoretical and percent yield?Using stoichiometry to calculate the theoretical yield of Fe₂O₃:
From the balanced chemical equation, 4 moles of Fe react with 3 moles of O₂ to produce 2 moles of Fe₂O₃. Therefore, set up the following proportion:
3.4 g O₂ / 32 g/mol O₂ = x mol Fe₂O₃ / (2 mol Fe / 4 mol O₂ x 55.85 g/mol Fe)
Solving for x:
x = 3.4/32 x 4/3 x 1/55.85 x 2 = 0.0059 moles Fe₂O₃
Therefore, the theoretical yield of Fe₂O₃ is 0.0059 moles.
From the balanced chemical equation, 4 moles of Fe react with 3 moles of O₂ to produce 2 moles of Fe₂O₃. Therefore, for every 4 moles of Fe that react, expect to produce 2 moles of Fe₂O₃.
Using this information, set up the following proportion:
4 mol Fe / 55.85 g/mol Fe = 0.0059 mol Fe₂O₃ / x
Solving for x:
x = 55.85 x 0.0059 / 4 = 0.082 g Fe
Therefore, the theoretical yield of Fe is 0.082 g.
To calculate the percent yield, use the following formula:
Percent Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) x 100%
Substituting the values calculated:
Percent Yield = (0.0059 mol Fe₂O₃ / 0.082 g Fe) x 100% x (1.5 moles H₂O / 2 moles Fe₂O₃)
Percent Yield = 44.2%
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is bromine a stronger oxidizing agent than iodine
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
Bromine is a much more powerful oxidizing agent than iodine. Bromine can remove electrons from iodide ions.
calculate the ph of an acetate buffer that is a mixture of equal volumes of 0.33 m acetic acid and 0.15 m sodium acetate.
The pH of the acetate buffer solution, which is a mixture of equal volumes of 0.33 M acetic acid and 0.15 M sodium acetate, is approximately 4.42.
To calculate the pH of an acetate buffer solution, we can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation;
pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])
where; pH is the pH of the buffer solution
pKa will be the acid dissociation constant of the weak acid (acetic acid in this case)
[A⁻] will be the concentration of the conjugate base (acetate ion)
[HA] will be the concentration of the weak acid (acetic acid)
Given; Concentration of acetic acid (HA) = 0.33 M
Concentration of sodium acetate (A⁻) = 0.15 M
We need to determine the pKa of acetic acid to proceed. The pKa value of acetic acid is 4.76.
Now, let's substitute the given values into the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation;
pH = 4.76 + log(0.15/0.33)
pH = 4.76 + log(0.4545)
To calculate the pH, we can evaluate the logarithm;
pH = 4.76 + (-0.343)
pH ≈ 4.42
Therefore, the pH of the acetate buffer solution will be 4.42.
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what mass of each of the following substances can be produced in 1.0 hour with a current of 15a? a. co from aqueous co 2 b. hf from aqueous hp4 c. ii from aqueous ki
a) The mass of CO is (15A × 1.0h) × (28.01 g/mol / 96485 C/mol). b) Mass of HF is (15A × 1.0h) × (20.01 g/mol / 96485 C/mol). c) Mass of I₂ is (15A × 1.0h) × (253.8 g/mol / 96485 C/mol)
To determine the mass of each substance produced in 1.0 hour with a current of 15A, we need to consider the Faraday's law of electrolysis, which states that the amount of substance produced is directly proportional to the quantity of electric charge passed through the electrolytic cell.
The formula to calculate the mass of a substance produced during electrolysis is
Mass = (Current × Time) × (Molar Mass / Faraday's Constant)
a) CO from aqueous CO₂
The balanced equation for the electrolysis of aqueous CO2 is:
CO₂ + 2H₂O -> CO + 2H₂ + 1/2O₂
The molar mass of CO is 28.01 g/mol.
The Faraday's constant is approximately 96,485 C/mol.
Using the formula, the mass of CO produced can be calculated as follows
Mass of CO = (15A × 1.0h) × (28.01 g/mol / 96485 C/mol)
b) HF from aqueous H₂SO₄
The balanced equation for the electrolysis of aqueous H₂SO₄ is
2H₂O + H₂SO₄ -> 2H₂ + O₂ + SO₂
The molar mass of HF is 20.01 g/mol.
Using the same Faraday's constant as before, the mass of HF produced can be calculated as follows
Mass of HF = (15A × 1.0h) × (20.01 g/mol / 96485 C/mol)
c) I₂ from aqueous KI
The balanced equation for the electrolysis of aqueous KI is
2KI -> I₂ + 2K
The molar mass of I₂ is 253.8 g/mol.
Using the same Faraday's constant as before, the mass of I₂ produced can be calculated as follows
Mass of I₂ = (15A × 1.0h) × (253.8 g/mol / 96485 C/mol)
Please note that the given timescale is 1.0 hour, and the calculations assume 100% efficiency in the electrolysis process.
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strategic solvingequations with variables on both sides 1 c03_se_m03_t01_l01.indd 7c03_se_m03_t01_l01.indd 7 14/01/19 9:45 pm14/01/19 9:45 pm
Solving equations with variables on both sides requires a strategic approach to ensure that the correct steps are taken to isolate the variable on one side of the equation.
One key strategy is to simplify the equation by combining like terms on each side. This can be done by adding or subtracting terms as necessary, while ensuring that the equation remains balanced.
Another strategy is to move all the variable terms to one side of the equation and all the constant terms to the other side. This can be done by adding or subtracting terms to both sides as necessary.
It's important to remember that when adding or subtracting terms, the operation must be applied to both sides of the equation to keep it balanced.
Once the variable terms are on one side of the equation and the constant terms are on the other, the equation can be solved by isolating the variable and determining its value.
It's important to check the solution by substituting the value back into the original equation and verifying that both sides are equal.
By following a strategic approach, equations with variables on both sides can be successfully solved.
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what is the sensitivity of the least sensitive balance most likely to be in your laboratory
The least sensitive balance in our laboratory is likely to have a sensitivity of around 0.1 grams. This balance is designed to measure relatively large quantities and is not suitable for precise measurements.
In our laboratory, we utilize a range of balances with varying sensitivities depending on the nature of the measurements required. The least sensitive balance is typically designed to handle larger quantities and is not intended for high-precision measurements. It is likely to have a sensitivity of around 0.1 grams, meaning it can detect differences in weight down to that level. This balance is often used for general purposes where exact measurements are not critical, such as measuring bulk quantities or for rough estimations. However, for more precise measurements, we rely on other balances with higher sensitivities that can detect weight differences at a much finer scale. These balances are calibrated and maintained regularly to ensure accuracy and reliability in our experimental procedure.
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what volume is occupied by 6.00 g of argon gas ( ar ) under a pressure of 3.30 atm and a temperature of 273 k ? use 1atm
The volume occupied by 6.00 g of argon gas under the given conditions calculated by using ideal gas law is approximately 2.48 L.
To calculate the volume of gas, we need to use the ideal gas law: PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature. We can rearrange this equation to solve for volume: V = (nRT)/P.
First, we need to find the number of moles of argon gas present. We can use the molar mass of argon (39.95 g/mol) and the given mass of 6.00 g to find the number of moles:
n = (6.00 g) / (39.95 g/mol) = 0.150 mol
Next, we can plug in the given values for pressure, temperature, and the gas constant (R = 0.08206 L·atm/K·mol) to find the volume:
V = (0.150 mol x 0.08206 L·atm/K·mol x 273 K) / 3.30 atm ≈ 2.48 L
Therefore, the volume occupied by 6.00 g of argon gas under the given conditions is approximately 2.48 L.
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hat mass of water is required to dissolve 25.31 g of potassium nitrate (kno 3 ) in order to prepare a 0.1982 m solution?
To prepare a 0.1982 M solution using 25.31 g of potassium nitrate (KNO₃), you will require 496.82 g of water.
First, we need to calculate the moles of KNO₃. The molar mass of KNO₃ is 101.1 g/mol. Divide the mass of KNO₃by its molar mass: 25.31 g / 101.1 g/mol = 0.2503 mol.
Next, we'll use the formula for molarity: M = moles of solute/liters of solution.
Rearrange the formula to solve for the volume: liters of solution = moles of solute/M. Plug in the values: 0.2503 mol / 0.1982 M = 1.263 L.
Now, to find the mass of water, we need to know the mass of the entire solution.
Assume the solution's density is approximately equal to water's (1 g/mL or 1 g/cm³). Therefore, the mass of the solution is 1.263 L * 1000 g/L = 1263 g.
Finally, subtract the mass of KNO₃ from the mass of the solution to find the mass of water: 1263 g - 25.31 g = 496.82 g.
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what is the binding energy in kj/mol nucleons for copper-65? kj/mol nucleons 29 36 the required masses (g/mol) are:
The binding energy of copper-65 is approximately 29 kJ/mol nucleons. This value represents the energy released when one mole of copper-65 nuclei is formed from its individual nucleons.
The binding energy per nucleon is a measure of the energy required to separate the nucleons within an atomic nucleus. It can be calculated by subtracting the mass of the nucleus from the sum of the masses of its individual nucleons, and then converting the mass difference into energy using Einstein's equation E=mc². For copper-65, the required masses in g/mol are necessary to determine the binding energy. Without the provided masses, it is not possible to perform the calculation accurately. Therefore, additional information, such as the masses of the individual nucleons, is required to calculate the binding energy accurately. However, if we assume that the binding energy per nucleon for copper-65 is given as 29 kJ/mol nucleons, it implies that, on average, each nucleon in copper-65 releases approximately 29 kJ/mol of energy when the nucleus is formed or when nucleons come together to form the copper-65 nucleus.
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Describe how acid deposition forms from sulfur dioxide.
Acid deposition forms from sulfur dioxide when it combines with oxygen and water in the atmosphere, producing sulfuric acid.
Sulfur dioxide is a gas that is emitted from the burning of fossil fuels, particularly coal and oil. When it is released into the atmosphere, it can react with oxygen and water to form sulfuric acid. This chemical reaction occurs naturally in the atmosphere, but it can be accelerated by human activities such as industrial processes and transportation.
Once formed, the sulfuric acid can be carried by wind and deposited on the ground as acid rain or snow. Acid deposition can have significant negative impacts on the environment, including harming plants, animals, and aquatic life. It can also contribute to the deterioration of buildings and monuments made of stone or metal. Therefore, it is important to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions through policies and technologies that promote cleaner energy sources and reduce pollution.
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question a specific, electrically neutral atom of boron contains a total of 16 particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons). what is the mass number of this atom of boron?
The mass number of the boron atom is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons, which is 5 + 11 = 16. Hence, the mass number of this atom of boron is 16.
Based on the given information, we can determine the mass number of the boron atom. The mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the atom.
Since the boron atom is electrically neutral, it means that the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. Therefore, we can assume that the boron atom has 5 protons since it is a boron atom.
To calculate the number of neutrons, we subtract the number of protons from the total number of particles, which is 16. Thus, the number of neutrons in the boron atom is 16 - 5 = 11.
Therefore, the mass number of the boron atom is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons, which is 5 + 11 = 16. Hence, the mass number of this atom of boron is 16.
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Temperature (°C) 115 B X Time D IN a. What physical changes are taking place at points X and Z? b. Explain what happens to the melting point of sodium chloride added to this substance
The physical changes that are taking place at points X and Z are melting and vaporization respectively.
The melting point of sodium chloride added to this substance will increase.
What is a heating curve?The relationship between the supply temperature of the heating system and the outside air temperature is known as the heating curve.
In a heating curve of a pure solid, the two points of phase change are the melting point when the solid melts and the boiling point when the liquid vaporizes.
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Carrie is trying to figure out the number of calories in a cube of cheese. To do this, she pours 176. 4 mL of water into an aluminum can suspended from a ring stand. She takes the temperature of the water, and finds it to be 13. 1 degrees Celsius. Then, she places the 5. 23 gram cube of cheese under the can and lights it on fire! While the cheese is burning and for a few minutes after it is done, Carrie records the temperature of the water, finding that it levels out at 40. 4 degrees Celsius. How many calories of heat were gained by the water? Please answer to the nearest 0. 1 calorie
The water gained approximately 4,801.0 calories of heat from the burning cheese.
To figure out the number of calories gained by the water, we need to use the formula:
calories = mass of water (in grams) x specific heat capacity of water (1 calorie/gram Celsius) x change in temperature (in Celsius)
First, we need to find the mass of the water. We know that Carrie poured 176.4 mL of water into the can, so we need to convert that to grams:
176.4 mL x 1 g/mL = 176.4 g
Next, we can calculate the change in temperature:
40.4 degrees Celsius - 13.1 degrees Celsius = 27.3 degrees Celsius
Now we can plug in our values and solve for calories:
calories = 176.4 g x 1 calorie/gram Celsius x 27.3 degrees Celsius
calories = 4,801.1 calories
Rounding to the nearest 0.1 calorie, we get:
calories = 4,801.1 calories ≈ 4,801.0 calories
Therefore, the water gained approximately 4,801.0 calories of heat from the burning cheese.
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kim bought some fireworks to shoot off on the 4th of july. she noticed several different powders mixed together in the tube. as the fireworks were ignited, what evidence best indicates a chemical reaction had occurred?
The best evidence that a chemical reaction occurred during the ignition of fireworks is the release of light, heat, and new colored substances.
When fireworks are ignited, several chemical reactions take place that result in the release of energy in the form of light, heat, and the formation of new substances. The different colored powders mixed together in the tube contain metal salts, which produce specific colors when heated.
As the heat energy causes these metal salts to react, they release energy in the form of light and heat, producing the bright and colorful display we associate with fireworks. Additionally, the formation of new substances, such as gases and solid particles, is a key indicator that a chemical reaction has taken place during the ignition of the fireworks.
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Symbols such as (s) or (aq) written in parentheses next to an atom, ion, or a compound indicate f 1.00 Select one: Flag O a. the charge of the atom, ion, or compound. b. the physical state of the atom, ion, or compound. c. the molarity of the atom, ion, or compound. O d. the solubility of the atom, ion, or compound. O
Answer: B
Explanation:
(s) means the compound is in its solid form, and (aq) means that the compound is dissolved in a solvent (the solvent is often water).
which of the following atoms can expand its valence shell when bonding?
a. N
b. C
c. O
d. P
e. Al
The atoms that can expand their valence shells when bonding are C (carbon), O (oxygen), and Al (aluminum).
The valence shell of an atom refers to its outermost electron shell, which contains the valence electrons involved in bonding. In general, atoms tend to follow the octet rule, which states that they seek to attain a stable configuration by having eight electrons in their valence shell. However, certain atoms can expand their valence shells and accommodate more than eight electrons in bonding. Carbon (C) is capable of expanding its valence shell when bonding. It has four valence electrons and can form covalent bonds by sharing these electrons with other atoms. By forming multiple bonds, carbon can achieve an expanded octet, exceeding the usual eight electrons in its valence shell. Oxygen (O) is another atom that can expand its valence shell when bonding. It has six valence electrons and can form covalent bonds by sharing these electrons. Similar to carbon, oxygen can form multiple bonds, allowing it to attain an expanded octet. Aluminum (Al) is an exception to the octet rule. It has three valence electrons, and although it cannot achieve an expanded octet through sharing electrons, it can accept additional electrons from other atoms, leading to the expansion of its valence shell. In contrast, atoms such as N (nitrogen) and P (phosphorus) cannot expand their valence shells. Nitrogen has five valence electrons, and it typically forms three covalent bonds to complete its octet. Phosphorus has five valence electrons as well and tends to form three or five covalent bonds. In summary, carbon, oxygen, and aluminum are atoms that can expand their valence shells when bonding. They achieve this by forming multiple bonds or accepting additional electrons.
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the mass of oxygen (atomic weight 16) needed to completely react with 10 grams of hydrogen (atomic weight 1) to form hydrogen peroxide, h2o2, is
We need 79.96 grams of oxygen (atomic weight 16) to completely react with 10 grams of hydrogen (atomic weight 1) to form hydrogen peroxide, H2O2.
To determine the mass of oxygen needed to completely react with 10 grams of hydrogen to form hydrogen peroxide, we need to first balance the chemical equation for the reaction:
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O2
From this equation, we can see that two moles of hydrogen (2 x 2.016 = 4.032 g) react with one mole of oxygen (15.999 g) to produce two moles of hydrogen peroxide (2 x 34.014 = 68.028 g).
Since we only have 10 grams of hydrogen, we need to determine how much oxygen is needed to react with that amount.
Using stoichiometry, we can set up a proportion:
2 moles of H2 / 1 mole of O2 = 10 g of H2 / x grams of O2
Solving for x:
x = (10 g H2 x 1 mole O2 / 2 moles H2) x (15.999 g O2 / 1 mole O2)
x = 79.96 g of O2
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How many ATP molecules per molecule of glucose are synthesized as a result of glycolysis?
a. 12
b. 8
c. 36
d. 24
e. 2
The correct answer is e. 2. The net ATP yield from glycolysis, which is the metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose to pyruvate, is 2 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose.
During glycolysis, glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvate, and a series of enzymatic reactions take place, leading to the production of energy in the form of ATP. Although a total of 4 ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis, 2 ATP molecules are consumed in the early stages of the process, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose.
Therefore, the correct answer is e. 2.
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An automobile tire is filled with air at a pressure of 27.0 lb/in2 at 25°C. A cold front moves through and the temperature drops to 5°C. Assuming no change in volume, what is the new tire pressure?
A)
5.40 lb/in2
B)
25.2 lb/in2
C)
28.9 lb/in2
D)
135 lb/in2
E)
4.63 lb/in2
Assuming no change in volume, 25.2 lb/in2 is the new tire pressure.
The new tire pressure can be calculated using the Ideal Gas Law, which states that PV=nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin. Since the volume of the tire does not change, we can assume that V is constant. Rearranging the equation, we get P1/T1=P2/T2, where P1 is the initial pressure, T1 is the initial temperature, P2 is the final pressure (what we are trying to find), and T2 is the final temperature.
Converting the temperatures to Kelvin (25+273=298K and 5+273=278K), we can solve for P2:
27/298 = P2/278
P2 = 25.2 lb/in2
Therefore, the answer is B) 25.2 lb/in2.
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which of the following is the stronger brønsted-lowry acid, hbro or hbr?
HBrO is the stronger Brønsted-Lowry acid compared to HBr.
This is because the electronegativity of the oxygen atom in HBrO is higher than the electronegativity of the bromine atom in HBr,
making the hydrogen atom in HBrO more likely to dissociate in water and donate a proton (H+) to form H3O+.
The dissociation of HBrO in water results in the formation of H3O+ and BrO-,
while the dissociation of HBr in water results in the formation of H3O+ and Br-.
Therefore, HBrO has a greater tendency to donate a proton than HBr, making it the stronger Brønsted-Lowry acid.
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alkanes react with chlorine and bromine in the presence of light by a radical mechanism.
T/F
True, alkanes react with chlorine and bromine in the presence of light by a radical mechanism.
This type of reaction is called a free radical halogenation. In this process, the alkane forms a covalent bond with the halogen (chlorine or bromine) through the formation of reactive intermediates called radicals. The reaction proceeds via three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination.
Light provides the energy necessary for the formation of radicals, which then go on to react with the alkane and halogen molecules.
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Determine the freezing point of a solution of 60.0 g of glucose, CoH1206, dissolved in 80.0 g of water.
The freezing point of a solution of 60.0 g of glucose, dissolved in 80.0 g of water is -7.67 ⁰C
Freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid. In theory, the melting point of a solid should be the same as the freezing point of the liquid.
At freezing point, these two phases viz. liquid and solid exist in equilibrium i.e. at this point both solid state and liquid state exist simultaneously. The freezing point of a substance depends upon atmospheric pressure.
Given,
Mass of Glucose = 60g
Mass of water = 80g
Moles of glucose = 60/ 180 = 0.33 moles
Molality = number of moles of glucose / mass of water in kg
= 0.33 / 0.08
= 4.12 molal
Depression in freezing point = Kf × molality
= 1.86 × 4.12
= 7.67 K
Freezing point of pure water = O⁰C
Freezing point of glucose = 0 - 7.67
= -7.67 ⁰C
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