Hypothesis: When onion cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, they will absorb more water due to osmosis, causing the cells to swell and increase in size. Conversely, when onion cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, they will lose water through osmosis, causing the cells to shrink and decrease in size. This will be observed through the use of the compound light microscope.
If a cell’s life cycle was approximately 72 hours long, how long, in minutes, would the cell spend in each of
the following phases:
a. interphase
b.prophase
c. metaphase
d. anaphase
e. telophase
Accordingly, if we take a 72-hour period into consideration, the ces would spend 3000 minutes in interphase, 540 minutes in prophase, 384.6 minutes in metaphase, 233.4 minutes in anaphase, and 155.4 minutes in telophase.
Duration We discover that throughout a 24-hour period, the cells we watched spent 1000.2 minutes in interphase, 180 minutes in prophase, 128.1 minutes in metaphase, 77.8 minutes in anaphase, and 51.8 minutes in telophase.Different types of cells have a very wide range in the length of various cell cycle phases. For a typical rapidly proliferating human cell with a total cycle duration of 24 hours, the G1 phase could last approximately 11 hours, the S phase approximately 8 hours, the G2 phase approximately 4 hours, and the M phase approximately 1 hour.For more information on cell cycle kindly visit to
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What are the cell organelles and each of their functions?
Answer:
Cell organelles are specialized structures within a cell that play a vital role in the cell's overall function. There are several different types of organelles, each with its own specific role. The nucleus is the control center of the cell and houses the cell's genetic material. The ribosome is responsible for producing proteins. The endoplasmic reticulum manufactures and transports molecules. The mitochondria provide energy for the cell. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for sorting and packaging molecules for transport. The lysosomes are responsible for breaking down large molecules. The vacuoles store nutrients and other molecules. The cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers that helps maintain the shape of the cell and aids in transport. Finally, the chloroplast is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells.
All of the following uses that changed the land EXCEPT
O development
O agriculture
O conservation
O mining
Extensification of land usage necessitates the growth of industries that are extremely harmful, such agriculture, fish farming, and feedlots.
How does agriculture work?To nurture the soil, develop crops, & care for livestock is the science and technique of agribusiness. The processing of plant and animal products for human use as well as their marketing are included. Food and textiles are largely produced via agriculture.
Agriculture's significance: why?Simple definitions include "the science or occupation of cultivating land and raising crops and livestock" and "the occupation of cultivating land" can be found at dictionary.com. However, there are a wide variety of landscape ecologies and climates that fall within this criteria, each of which can support a different kind of plant or animal species.
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Color blindness is caused by a recessive allele located on the X chromosome . Affected people experience the inability to distinguish colors . Cross a woman who suffers from Color blindness with a man who is normal . Show genotypic and phenotypic percentages of the generation
Answer:
The genotypic and phenotypic percentages of the offspring from a cross between a woman with color blindness (XCXc) and a man with normal color vision (XY) would be:
Genotypic percentages:
50% XCXC (homozygous dominant, normal color vision)
50% XCY (heterozygous, normal color vision)
Phenotypic percentages:
100% normal color vision
Explanation:
Color blindness is caused by a recessive allele located on the X chromosome, which means that it is a sex-linked trait that is more commonly found in men than in women. Women are more likely to be carriers of the allele, as they have two X chromosomes, but they do not typically experience the symptoms of color blindness. Men have only one X chromosome, which means that they are more likely to be affected by the recessive allele if they inherit it from their mother.
In this cross, the woman with color blindness (XCXc) has one dominant allele for normal color vision (XC) and one recessive allele for color blindness (xc). The man with normal color vision (XY) has one dominant allele for normal color vision (X) and one recessive allele for sex determination (Y).
When these individuals have offspring, each child will inherit one X chromosome from each parent. This means that each child will have either XCXC, XCXc, or XCY genotype, depending on which X chromosome they inherit from each parent.
The genotypic percentages of the offspring would be:
50% XCXC (homozygous dominant, normal color vision)
50% XCY (heterozygous, normal color vision)
Since the dominant allele for normal color vision (XC) masks the recessive allele for color blindness (xc), all of the offspring would have normal color vision, regardless of their genotype.
The phenotypic percentages of the offspring would be:
100% normal color vision.
A student runs an experiment to figure out if the size of a wire changes how well i
the resistance in the wires.
s electricity. She uses 5 different widths of copper wire and attaches each to a multimeter to measure the resistance in the wires. The data collected is shown below:
Wire 1- 12 Ohms
Wire 2- 17 Ohms
Wire 3- 9 Ohms
Wire 4- 14 Ohms
Wire 5- 6 Ohms
What is the independent variable in this experiment?
A The multimetet.
B. The resistance values.
C. The material of the wires, copper.
D. The widths of the wires.
how are populations, species, communities, and ecosystems related? Answer in complete
sentences below.
Answer:
it’s B
Explanation:
Answer:
An organism is a single living thing, a population is all of the organisms of the same species in the same place at the same time, a community is all populations in the same place at the same time (all living things), and an ecosystem is the reactions between living and nonliving components in a given area.
Explanation:
Hope this helps! =D
5. In humans, normal skin color (A) is dominant over albino (a) and diabete
has been found to be inherited (in some cases) through a recessive
allele. A diabetic albino man marries an normal woman whose mother
was an albino and whose father was diabetic. What are the genotypes
of the man and woman? What percentage of their children would be
expected to be both non-diabetic and have normal color?
Give one word answer.
1.It has spines and gets stuck to the body of animals or clothes of humans.
2.It is part of an embryonal axis which gives rise to the root system.
3.It is the whorl of a flower which has the female sex organs.
4.It is the female organ of a flower which consists of ovary, style and stigma.
5.It is the process of fusion of male and female gametes in the ovules.
Xanthium and burdock seeds has spines and gets stuck to the body of animals or clothes of humans.
Plumule and radicle is part of an embryonal axis which gives rise to the root system.
Megasporophyll or Carpel is the whorl of a flower which has the female sex organs
Pistil is the female organ of a flower which consists of ovary, style and stigma.
Fertilisation is the process of fusion of male and female gametes in the ovules.
What is Carpel?
A carpel is the female reproductive organ of a flower that is part of the pistil. It is a hollow, vase-shaped structure that consists of an ovary at the base, a long, slender style, and a sticky stigma at the top. The ovary contains one or more ovules, which are the structures that develop into seeds after fertilization.
The carpel plays a crucial role in sexual reproduction of flowering plants. When pollen lands on the stigma it germinates and grows down the style to the ovary, where the male and female gametes unite to form a zygote. This process is called fertilization and leads to the development of a seed inside the ovule.
Different flowers have varying numbers of carpels, ranging from one to many, and they can be fused together to form a compound pistil. The carpel is essential for the production of fruits and seeds, which are important for plant reproduction and the continuation of the plant species.
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give difination of culture
Answer:
Culture is the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively.
Culture is also the ideas, customs, and social behavior of a particular people or society.
A population's collective ways of life, including its institutions, beliefs, and artistic expressions, are collectively referred to as its culture. A society's whole way of life has been referred to as its culture. It encompasses manners, dress, language, religion, rituals, and artistic standards as a result.
What is meant by “electron dense layer” when saying the basal lamina is an electron dense layer?
Answer:
Read below:
Explanation:
The term "electron dense" refers to the appearance of a material under the electron microscope, which uses a beam of electrons to magnify the sample. An electron dense layer appears as a region that appears darker than the surrounding tissue under electron microscopy, indicating a higher electron density. In the context of the basal lamina, it refers to the fact that the basal lamina appears as a dark layer when viewed under an electron microscope, due to the high electron density of the extracellular matrix components that make up the basal lamina. This electron dense appearance allows for the easy visualization and distinction of the basal lamina from the surrounding tissue under electron microscopy.
The site of erythropoiesis changes during development. Embryonic synthesis occurs predominantly in the ____ and gradually shifts to the _____ in the fetus.
The site of erythropoiesis changes during development. Embryonic synthesis occurs predominantly in the yolk sac and gradually shifts to the spleen and liver in the fetus.
Erythropoiesis is a complex process which is tightly regulated, originating in the bone marrow from a multipotent stem cell and terminating in a mature, enucleated erythrocyte.
Haematopoiesis relates to the production of cells which circulate in the bloodstream. Especially, erythropoiesis is the process of production of red blood cells (erythrocytes). Erythropoiesis is controlled mainly by the hormone erythropoietin (EPO), which is a glycoprotein cytokine.
The body on average produces 2.5 billion red cells/kg/day. Erythrocytes are produced from a complex line of cells, and the rate of their production is tightly regulated to make sure adequate but not excessive numbers of red blood cells are produced.
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Question 1:
Climate change is leading to greater environmental instability in many regions of the
globe. Which of the following would likely happen to sea anemones and their
reproductive strategies?
Group of answer choices:
They would reproduce sexually more often.
They would produce physically larger offspring.
They would produce offspring more frequently.
They would produce smaller numbers of offspring.
Question 2:
In an unstable environment, sea anemones will most likely produce ___________.
Group of answer choices:
offspring primarily through budding
offspring primarily through binary fission
asexually only
planulae through sexual reproduction
Question 3:
In paragraph 2, the word “sessile” means ___________.
Group of answer choices
having both male and female organs in a single organism
reproducing by budding off new individuals
remaining attached to the bottom like a coral reef
being moved by wind and currents from place to place
Question 4:
Which of the following is a characteristic of asexual reproduction?
Group of answer choices:
It produces small numbers of offspring.
It is most common in humans
It involves male and female gametes.
It produces genetically identical offspring.
Question 5:
Scientists can determine whether a colony of sea anemones was produced sexually
or asexually by ___________.
Group of answer choices:
counting the number of individual polyps
looking at environmental stability over time
examining the genetic diversity between polyps
examining the diet of each polyp
Which of the statements below best describes the term evaporation?
A. Particles loose enough energy to break attractive forces to form a solid.
B. Particles loose enough energy to break attractive forces to form a gas.
C. Particles gain enough energy to break attractive forces to form a gas.
D. Particles gain enough energy to break attractive forces to form a liquid.
Rock fragments that are tumbled and carried over long distances by this stream are most likely becoming
describe how water quality changes from the source of a river to the mouth
Answer:
The water from the source is very clean whereas the water at the mouth (end) of the river is less clean because it carries sediment, trash, etc with it as the water travels along the river. Water can also be contaminated with salt water for example if the water mixes with an ocean.
Which statement best describes how a bee moves pollen from one plant to another?
Answer:
When a bee lands on a flower, the hairs all over the bees' body attract pollen grains through electrostatic forces.
Stiff hairs on their legs enable them to groom the pollen into specialized brushes or pockets on their legs or body, and then carry it back to their nest.
which of the following is a correct statement about the scientific method? a) it requires expensive laboratory equipment b) it can only be done by someone with a PhD degree or advanced training c) it distinguishes between good and bad d) it's methods are not really very different from the way people normally process information from and about their environment
Answer:
d) it's methods are not really very different from the way people normally process information from and about their environment
1
pH = 6.65
Many freshwater
organisms can live in
water with a pH of
between 6.5 and 9.0.
Geraldo wants to model the effect of acids on the pH o
water for a group of students.
Which pollutant should Geraldo add to the water?
What will the pH reading be after Geraldo adds the
pollutant?
Geraldo would have to add an acidic pollutant of pH about 3.0 and cause the pH of the water body to fall.
How does pH affect water bodies?The pH of a water body can have significant impacts on the biotic and abiotic components of that system. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, and it can affect the solubility of various chemicals, the availability of nutrients, and the survival and growth of aquatic organisms.
A low pH (acidic conditions) can cause the release of toxic metals, such as aluminum and iron, from the soil into the water. Acidic conditions can also harm fish and other aquatic organisms by reducing the availability of essential nutrients, such as calcium, and by causing harm to gill structures and other tissues.
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Question 4(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(01.02 MC)
Which step of the scientific method would be most helpful in processing a crime scene?
O Examine results
O Make observations
O Test your hypothesis
O Set up an experiment
Jy
The step of the scientific method that would be most helpful in processing a crime scene is "Make observations".
what is crime scene ?
A crime scene is a physical location where a crime has been committed or suspected to have been committed. It can be a wide range of locations, including a public place like a street or park, or a private location like a home or business. Crime scenes can involve a variety of different crimes, such as homicide, robbery, assault, burglary, and others. The purpose of processing a crime scene is to collect evidence, document the scene, and reconstruct what happened to aid in an investigation, and ultimately to bring those responsible to justice.
The step of the scientific method that would be most helpful in processing a crime scene is "Make observations". When processing a crime scene, it is important to carefully and systematically observe the scene and collect all relevant information and evidence. This can include noting the position and location of items, taking photographs, and collecting physical evidence. These observations will help the investigator to form a hypothesis or theory about what happened, which can then be tested through further investigation and analysis.
The other steps of the scientific method (such as setting up an experiment or testing a hypothesis) may also be useful in certain situations, but making accurate observations is the critical first step in any investigation, including a criminal investigation.
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Hypothesis for an onion lab report (hypotonic)
Purpose: The goal is to get knowledge of some of a cell's basic building blocks and to look into onion cell structure. Additionally, the aim of this experiment is to examine the appearance of an onion skin cell in a hypotonic solution under a microscope.
You have had some practice using the compound light microscope to view a variety of objects. Now you are ready to prepare your own slide of the plant cell under isotonic and hypotonic solution, and view it using the compound light microscope. From learning about diffusion and osmosis, you know that plant and animal cells are filled with cytoplasm, which is a jelly-like fluid that consists of water and solutes (salts, sugars, carbon dioxide, fat droplets, etc). Cells are surrounded by extracellular fluid, which also consists of water and solutes. The balance between the water and solutes in the cytoplasm and extracellular fluid is achieved through the process of diffusion and osmosis. In this lab, you will find out what happens to onion cells when they are placed in a hypotonic or hypertonic solution.
Create a hypothesis using this information.
Answer: As cell walls and large vacuoles are clearly observed in all the cells, the cells placed for observation are plant cells.
Explanation:
Fruit flies have sensory receptors that respond to different chemicals. Some of these receptors are sensitive to chemicals that make up odors
while others are sensitive to chemicals that make up tastes. For example, one type of taste receptor in fruit flies is sensitive to the taste of
water. Scientists performed an experiment to examine the role of odor and taste receptors in guiding the behavior of fruit flies.
The scientists' experiment took place in two phases. In the training phase, the scientists kept the fruit flies away from water for 16 hours. Then,
they placed the fruit flies in a chamber filled with a specific odor (odor 1) but no water for 2 minutes. They next transferred the flies to a second
chamber filled with a different odor (odor 2) and water for 2 minutes.
In the next phase, the scientists tested the fruit flies by placing them in a testing maze with two arms, one of which contained odor 1 and the
second which contained odor 2. Neither of these arms contained water. The scientists counted the number of flies that went into each arm. The
testing phase was completed after different amounts of time had passed after the training phase. The scientists then repeated this experiment
with flies that lacked the taste receptor for water. The table below shows the number of flies that went into each arm in all of the trials.
Flies That Cannot Taste Water
Normal Flies
Odor 1 Odor 2
Odor 1
Odor 2
3 minutes
36
64
55
45
3 hours
33
67
45
55
24 hours
30
70
51
49
Data adapted from Shyu et al. 2017. Nature Communications. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Time After Training
How do the scientists' findings support the argument that the information fruit flies take in through their sensory receptors can be stored as
memories?
A. by showing that fruit flies that could not taste water were not attracted to odor 2 by 24 hours after training
B. by showing that more of the fruit flies that could taste water were attracted to odor 2 than odor 1 at 24 hours after training
OC. by showing that fruit flies that could taste water were more attracted to odor 2 during the training period than were fruit flies that
could not taste water
D. by showing that fruit flies that could not taste water were less likely to locate water in the maze than fruit flies that could taste water
Scientists' findings support the argument that the information fruit flies take in through their sensory receptors can be stored as memories by showing that fruit flies that could taste water were more attracted to odor 2 during the training period than were fruit flies that could not taste water which is denoted as option C.
What are Sensory receptors?
These comprises of specializes cells which detect changes in the internal as well as external environment.
Fruit flies take in through their sensory receptors can be stored as memories by showing that fruit flies that could taste water were more attracted to odor 2 during the training period than were fruit flies that could not taste water according to the result gotten from the experiment.
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Bacteria in the GI tract perform all of the following functions except:A.) protecting people from infectionB.) producing biotinC.) producing vitamin KD.) producing bile
Bacteria in the GI tract perform all the following functions except producing bile. Therefore, the correct option is D.
What is the GI tract?The GI tract is also called the Gastrointestinal tract. It is a path or the passage of the digestive system which begins from the mouth where the food enters and ends at the anus where the undigested food is expelled out of the body. It is also called alimentary canal.
Bacteria in the GI tract play an important role in human health by performing a wide range of functions. Some of the functions that these bacteria perform include producing biotin, which is a B vitamin that is significant for healthy skin, hair, and nails, and producing vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting.
However, producing bile is not a function of the bacteria in the GI tract. Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Therefore, the correct option is D.
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Why does cooking food causes a change of temperture? Why does the cooked food with higher temperature before it was cooked ? Relate this to kinetic energy from coal the same amount of energy when it transformed to thermal and light energy?
Answer:
Explanation:
At a given temperature, denser materials generally contain more energy, and so heavier pans will cook food faster. (Conversely, it takes more energy to raise denser materials to a certain temperature.) At a given temperature, materials with a higher specific heat capacity will contain more energy.
A(n)
in the concentration of reactants will result in a(n)
Multiple Choice
increase; decrease
decrease; increase
increase; increase
in the rate of the chemical reaction
Answer:
it matters on the order of reaction .if it is first order it is increase: increase.
The diagram below shows four layers of Earth.
Which of these layers of Earth contains molten iron?
Layer A
Layer B
Layer C
Layer D
The answer is Layer B.
About the Layers:
Layer A is the inner core of the earth, and it is the hottest section of the world.
Layer B is the outer core of the earth, and it shields the core and includes molten iron.
Layer C is referred to as the mantle. The mantle comprises rocks and minerals and is the earth's biggest layer.
Layer D is known as the crust. The crust is the portion of the planet where we live; it comprises land and other features.
The Earth may be classified into two categories: mechanically and chemically.
It is mechanically divided into the lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesospheric mantle, outer core, and inner core (or rheologically, meaning the study of liquid states). However, it may be separated chemically into the crust, the mantle (which can be subdivided into the upper and lower mantle), and the core - which can further be subdivided into the outer core and inner core.
The mantle is solid/plastic, the inner core is solid, and the outer core is liquid. This is owing to the different melting points of the layers (nickel-iron core, silicate crust, and mantle) as well as the rise in temperature and pressure as depth increases.
The nickel-iron alloys and silicates are solid at the surface because they are cold enough. The silicates in the upper mantle are mostly solid, although there are isolated pockets of melt, resulting in limited viscosity.
The lower mantle, on the other hand, is under great pressure and so has a lower viscosity than the upper mantle. Because of the high temperature, the metallic nickel-iron outer core is liquid. However, when the pressure increases towards the inner core, the melting point of the nickel-iron changes considerably, causing it to solidify.
The crust is the planet's outermost layer, a cooled and hardened section of the Earth that ranges in depth from 5-70 km (3-44 miles). This layer accounts for only 1% of the Earth's total volume, although covering the whole surface (the continents and the ocean floor).
The oceanic crust, which lies under the ocean basins at a depth of 5-10 km (3-6 miles), is the thinner component, whereas the continental crust is the thicker part. The oceanic crust is made up of dense material such as iron-magnesium silicate igneous rocks (like basalt), whereas the continental crust is made up of sodium potassium aluminum silicate rocks (like granite).
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Describe why monitoring the growth (a) Describe why monitoring the growth rate of the E. Coli-M bacteria is a useful indicator of the effect of the glycolytic enzyme mutation on the bacteria. Of the E. Coli
Answer: because the flow of intracellular metabolic components depends on the availability of carbon
Explanation: The response indicates that if the mutation interferes with glucose breakdown, less ATP will be available to the cells. The change in ATP availability will reduce the growth rate and population size of the bacteria , and since it is considered as model organism due to various factors such as its ability to grow fast using cheap media and availability of molecular tools to perform genetic manipulations it is termed as useful indicator
2. "Every disease has a biological cause not psychological." Argue for or against with this idea/argument.
Answer: The statement "Every disease has a biological cause not psychological" is a controversial one and both arguments for and against it can be made. On one hand, there is a growing body of evidence that suggests that many medical conditions have biological causes. For example, conditions such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes are all believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. These biological causes can be directly tied to specific changes in the body, such as mutations in DNA, hormonal imbalances, or changes in the immune system.On the other hand, there is evidence to suggest that psychological factors can play a role in the development of certain medical conditions. For example, stress has been linked to a range of physical and mental health problems, including heart disease, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, lifestyle factors, such as diet, exercise, and sleep patterns, can have a significant impact on a person's physical and mental health.It is important to note that the relationship between biological and psychological factors is often complex and multi-layered and that different conditions may have different causes and contributing factors. Some conditions may have primarily biological causes, while others may have a stronger psychological component. And in many cases, a combination of biological and psychological factors may interact to cause or contribute to a medical condition.In conclusion, while it is true that many medical conditions have a biological cause, it is not accurate to say that every disease has a biological cause and not a psychological one. Both biological and psychological factors can play a role in the development of various medical conditions, and it is important to consider both when trying to understand and treat these conditions.
he following diagram shows the branching tree diagram for some animals.
A slanting line is shown. There are five lines drawn vertically on this line at equal intervals. Shark, Frog, Kangaroo, Lion and Chimpanzee are written on top of each vertical line in order from left to right. Common Ancestor is written on the left end of the line. There is a black circle between each pair of these vertical lines. The first black circle is before Shark and says Vertebrae. The second black circle is between Shark and Frog and says Lungs. The third black circle is between Frog and Kangaroo and says Mammary gland. The fourth black circle is between Kangaroo and Lion and says Placenta. The fifth black circle is between Lion and Chimpanzee and says Large brain.
Which two organisms share the greatest number of derived characteristics?
Frog and kangaroo
Kangaroo and chimpanzee
Lion and chimpanzee
Shark and chimpanzee
The two organisms that share the least number of derived characteristics are Kangaroo and chimpanzee.
What is an organism?
Taxonomy divides living things into categories like multicellular animals, plants, and fungus, or unicellular microbes like protists, bacteria, and archaea.All kinds of creatures are capable of responding to stimuli in some capacity and reproducing, growing, and developing. Multicellular organisms that distinguish specialised tissues and organs throughout development include squids, tetrapods, vascular plants, beetles, and mushrooms.Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are both types of unicellular organisms. The two distinct domains of bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes.To know more about organisms, click the link given below:
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The next generation of lizards has 1092 individuals with green scales and 108 individuals with blue scales. is the population in hardy-weinberg equilibrium? solve for p and q.
Compare the frequencies here with those in the previous question. Then answer: Is the population in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibriam (yes or no)
PREVIOUS FREQUENCIES::
p=0.8
q=0.2
p^2=0.64
The population is not in hardy weinberg equilibrium, because it does not match the previous generation.
What is the population in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?The frequency of individuals = individuals/total population
The frequency of Green individuals = 1092/1200
The frequency of Green individuals = 0.91
q² = 0.91
√ q² = √0.91
q = 0.953
By using the first Hardy-Weinberg equation:
p + q = 1
p + 0.953 = 1
p = 1 - 0.953
p = 0.046
Therefore, the population does not match the previous generation.
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1) Which is not true about polyploidy?
A) It is caused by crossing over
B) It can produce hardy and vigorous plants
C) It never occurs in animals
D) It is lethal in humans
Answer:
It should be A) It is caused by crossing over
