a. A firm in a perfectly competitive market should not always shut down when its marginal revenue is below its average cost(equivalent to average total cost).
1. Calculate the average cost (AC) by dividing total cost by the quantity produced.
2. Compare the marginal revenue (MR) with the average cost (AC).
3. If the marginal revenue is greater than the average cost, the firm should continue operating.
4. If the marginal revenue is less than the average cost, consider additional factors such as fixed costs and long-term prospects before deciding to shut down.
5. Shutting down should be considered only if the firm cannot cover both variable and fixed costs with its total revenue.
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Frito-Lay used Minneapolis-St.Louis area as a test market for their multigrain snack, Sunchips, as a way to gather experiential data. Frito-Lay use of a test market is an example of which of the following types of research?
Frito-Lay's use of Minneapolis-St. Louis area as a test market for their multigrain snack, Sunchips is an example of the experimental research method. This type of research is used to investigate cause-and-effect relationships among variables.
An experiment is a research method in which researchers manipulate one variable and measure its effect on another variable. In this case, Frito-Lay used Minneapolis-St. Louis area as a test market to determine how the multigrain snack, Sunchips, would perform in terms of sales and popularity among the targeted consumers.
The experimental research design is often used to gain a better understanding of how certain variables interact with each other. In Frito-Lay's case, the company wanted to test the viability of their new product before rolling it out nationwide.
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two situational exercises that are used primarily with managerial and professional workers include
Two situational exercises commonly used with managerial and professional workers include:
Case Studies: Case studies are hypothetical scenarios or real-life examples that simulate challenging situations typically encountered in managerial or professional roles. Participants are presented with a detailed description of a problem or a complex business situation and are required to analyze the information, identify key issues, and propose effective solutions. Role-Playing: Role-playing exercises involve participants assuming different roles and acting out specific workplace scenarios. These scenarios can include conflicts between team members, negotiations with clients or stakeholders, or challenging interactions with subordinates or superiors. Role-playing exercises provide an opportunity to practice and assess interpersonal skills, communication, conflict resolution, leadership, and decision-making in a realistic setting.
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Newland Company reported retained earnings at December 31, 2018, of 175,000. The following transactions occurred during 2019. An error was discovered. In 2017, depreciation expense was recorded at $22,500, but the correct amount was $12,500. Declared cash dividends $50,000. Declared stock dividends $35,000. Net income was $225,000. From the given information, choose the correct answer. a-The correction of 2017 net income is: b-Total amount of declared & paid dividend for 2018 is: c- The amount of retained earning reported in Dec 31,2019 is:
a) The correction of 2017 net income is a reduction of $10,000. b) The total amount of declared and paid dividends for 2018 cannot be determined based on the information. c) The amount of retained earnings reported on December 31, 2019, is $230,000.
To determine the correct answers, we need to analyze the information and apply it to the relevant financial statements.
a) The correction of 2017 net income:
To correct the 2017 net income, we need to adjust the depreciation expense. The error resulted in an overstatement of $10,000 ($22,500 - $12,500) in depreciation expense. This overstatement decreased net income. Therefore, we need to reduce the reported net income for 2017 by $10,000.
b) Total amount of declared and paid dividends for 2018:
The information provided doesn't specify the payment status of the declared dividends. We cannot determine whether the dividends were paid in full or partially. Therefore, we can't accurately determine the total amount of declared and paid dividends for 2018 based on the information.
c) The amount of retained earnings reported on December 31, 2019:
To calculate the retained earnings reported on December 31, 2019, we need to consider the following:
Retained Earnings at December 31, 2018: $175,000
Net Income for 2019: $225,000
Declared Cash Dividends for 2019: $50,000
Declared Stock Dividends for 2019: $35,000
To calculate the retained earnings at December 31, 2019, we start with the retained earnings at the beginning of the period and then add the net income for the period while subtracting any declared dividends.
Retained Earnings at December 31, 2019:
= Retained Earnings at December 31, 2018 + Net Income for 2019 - Declared Dividends for 2019
= $175,000 + $225,000 - $50,000 - $35,000
= $315,000 - $85,000
= $230,000
Therefore, the amount of retained earnings reported on December 31, 2019, is $230,000.
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consider an entity called employee. an employee may manage many employees, and each employee is managed by one employee. this is an example of
A recursive relationship is a relationship between entities of the same type, such as the relationship between employees in a company.
An entity called employee that may manage many employees, and each employee is managed by one employee is an example of a recursive relationship. A recursive relationship is a relationship between entities of the same type. In this case, the entity type is "employee".
Recursive relationships are often used to represent hierarchies, such as the hierarchy of employees in a company. In this example, the hierarchy is represented by the fact that each employee can manage many employees, and each employee is managed by one employee.
Recursive relationships can be represented in Entity-Relationship diagrams (ERDs) using a special symbol called a crow's foot. The crow's foot is used to indicate that the relationship is recursive.
In the ERD below, the recursive relationship between employees is represented by the crow's foot on the "manages" relationship.
Employee
/ \
/ \
manages - managed by
\ /
\ /
Employee
The crow's foot on the "manages" relationship indicates that an employee can manage many employees, and that each employee is managed by one employee.
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False. While it is possible for some employees who directly deal with upset customers due to substandard goods or services to become more prideful in their work, this is not always the case. Different individuals may respond to challenging situations in different ways.
Some employees may feel motivated to improve their work and provide better customer service in order to prevent similar incidents from happening again. This can lead to a sense of pride in their ability to handle difficult situations and resolve customer issues effectively.
However, other employees may feel discouraged or overwhelmed by the negative feedback from upset customers. They may struggle to maintain their motivation and pride in their work, particularly if they feel that the substandard goods or services are beyond their control.
It is important to recognize that individuals have different personalities, coping mechanisms, and levels of resilience. The impact of dealing with upset customers can vary from person to person. Some employees may thrive under pressure and use it as an opportunity for growth, while others may find it challenging to maintain their pride in their work.
Ultimately, the response of employees who directly deal with upset customers due to substandard goods or services can depend on various factors, including their personal characteristics, the support and training they receive from their organization, and the overall work environment.
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khan, age 34 and single, has $133,800 agi, $108,200 of which is compensation income. compute khan's maximum contribution to a roth ira. multiple choice $1,920 $0 $6,000 $4,080
To compute Khan's maximum contribution to a Roth IRA, we need to consider the income limits set by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for Roth IRA contributions. For the year 2021, the maximum contribution for an individual with an adjusted gross income (AGI) between $125,000 and $140,000 is reduced.
In this case, Khan's AGI is $133,800, which falls within this range. However, since Khan's compensation income is $108,200, we need to subtract this amount from his AGI to calculate his maximum contribution to a Roth IRA. 133,800 AGI - 108,200 compensation income = 25,600 Now, let's check the income limits to determine Khan's maximum contribution: If Khan's filing status is single, his maximum contribution limit is $6,000 for the year 2021. However, since his AGI is between $125,000 and $140,000, we need to calculate the reduced contribution limit.
To calculate the reduced contribution limit, we use the following formula Since the reduced contribution limit is lower than the maximum contribution limit, Khan's maximum contribution to a Roth IRA would be $2,480. Therefore, the correct answer is $2,480.
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Quiz company produces four products from a common input. Joint costs to produce one batch total $130,000. All products can either be sold.
Gallons Weight Factor Sales Price At Split-Off Processing cost Processed Sales Value
Product 1 1,400 1.0 $15 / gal $2 / gal $20 / gal
P,2 2,600 2.0 20 4 25
P,3 2,500 1.5 26 5 30
P,4 3,500 2.5 35 5 40
Note: For all questions, round allocation ratios to four decimal points, and round all dollar amounts to the nearest dollar. Give your answers using dollar signs and commas but no decimal points (cents). EXAMPLE: $12,365.
1. Determine the amount of joint costs allocated to product 1 using the physical units method
2. Determine the amount of joint costs allocated to product 1 using the weighted average method
3. Determine the amount of joint costs allocated to product 1 using the sales value at split-off method
4. Determine the amount of joint costs allocated to product 1 using the net realizable value method
5. Determine the amount of joint cost allocated to product 1, using the e constant gross margin percentage method (use sales value after processing)
1. The joint costs allocated to Product 1 using the Physical Units Method will be, Joint cost allocation to Product 1 = (1400/10,000)*$130,000= $18,200
2. The joint costs allocated to Product 1 using the Weighted Average Method will be:
Gallon Weighted Factor Total = Σ (Gallons * Weight Factor)Product 1 = (1,400 * 1) = 1,400P,2 = (2,600 * 2) = 5,200P,3 = (2,500 * 1.5) = 3,750P,4 = (3,500 * 2.5) = 8,750Total = 19,100Allocation ratio for product 1 = Product 1 / Total = 1400 / 19,100 = 0.0733Joint cost allocation to Product 1 = Allocation ratio * Joint Cost = 0.0733 * $130,000 = $9,529
3. The joint costs allocated to Product 1 using the Sales Value at Split-Off Method will be:
Total sales value = $20 + $25 + $30 + $40 = $115Allocation ratio for product 1 = $20 / $115 = 0.174Joint cost allocation to Product 1 = Allocation ratio * Joint cost = 0.174 * $130,000 = $22,620
4. The joint costs to Product 1 using the Net Realizable Value Method will be: Product 1 Joint Costs = Joint Cost * (Product 1's Sales Value - Remaining Costs of Production)Product 1's Sales Value = $20Product 1's Remaining Costs of Production = $2 + $4 = $6Product 1 Joint Costs = $130,000 * ($20 - $6) / ($20 + $25 + $30 + $40 - $6)Product 1 Joint Costs = $130,000 * (14 / 95) = $19,180
5. Joint cost allocated to Product 1 using the E-constant gross margin percentage method (use sales value after processing) will be:Gross Margin Percentage = (Processed Sales Value - Processing Costs) / Processed Sales Value = ($20 - $2) / $20 = 0.9 or 90%Allocation ratio for product 1 = $20 * 90% / ($20 * 90% + $25 * 85% + $30 * 83.3% + $40 * 87.5%) = 0.0734Joint cost allocation to Product 1 = $130,000 * 0.0734 = $9,542cost allocated to product 1 using different methods are:
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A true marketing decision support system (dss) possesses all of the following characteristics except
A true marketing decision support system (DSS) possesses all of the following characteristics except that it does not have a defined set of data and analytical tools.
A marketing decision support system (DSS) is a software application or tool that assists marketers in making informed decisions by providing them with relevant data, analysis, and models. It helps marketers gather, analyze, and interpret information to support their marketing strategies and tactics. A true marketing DSS typically possesses the following characteristics:
1. Data Integration: It integrates data from various sources, such as sales data, customer data, market research data, and external data, to provide a comprehensive view of the marketing environment.
2. Analysis Capabilities: It includes analytical tools and techniques to process and analyze the data, such as statistical analysis, data mining, predictive modeling, and simulation.
3. Interactive Interface: It offers an interactive user interface that allows marketers to explore data, perform analysis, and generate insights through visualizations, dashboards, and reports.
4. Decision Support: It provides decision support by generating recommendations, forecasts, and scenarios based on the analysis results. It assists marketers in evaluating alternative strategies and making data-driven decisions.
5. Flexibility and Adaptability: It is designed to be flexible and adaptable to changing marketing needs and requirements. It allows marketers to customize and configure the system to suit their specific needs and preferences.
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Given average variable cost of $3.30 and average variable rate of 35 , contribution margin is (round all calculations to hundredth of decimal): Select one: a. $1.78 b. $6.13 c. $5.08 d. $9.43
Given average variable cost of $3.30 and average variable rate of 35, contribution margin is $5.08.Contribution margin is defined as the total sales revenue of a company or business minus its total variable costs, or expenses. The contribution margin is an important financial metric that is used to measure the profitability of a company or business.
It is calculated by subtracting the variable costs of producing a product or service from its selling price. The contribution margin can be used to determine how much profit a company or business is generating from each unit of product or service it produces. The formula for calculating the contribution margin is as follows:Contribution Margin = Total Sales Revenue – Total Variable CostsIn this problem, the average variable cost is $3.30 and the average variable rate is 35. Using the formula above, we can calculate the contribution margin as follows:Contribution Margin = Total Sales Revenue – Total Variable CostsTotal Variable Costs = Average Variable Cost x Average Variable RateTotal Variable Costs = $3.30 x 35Total Variable Costs = $115.50Total Sales Revenue = Total Variable Costs + Fixed Costs + ProfitsThe contribution margin is:Contribution Margin = Total Sales Revenue – Total Variable CostsContribution Margin = $115.50 / (1 – Fixed Costs – Profits)Therefore, the contribution margin is $5.08.
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A
____ is a legelly set minimum price. Sellers cannot lower tgeir
proce below it.
A price floor is a legally set minimum price. Sellers cannot lower their prices below it. A price floor is a government intervention in the market that sets a minimum price that a product or service may be sold at, that is, it establishes a lower limit for the price.
When a price floor is implemented, it is often intended to benefit producers by allowing them to receive a higher price than they otherwise would have received. The main benefit is that producers will have more income, and they will be more likely to continue to produce. The minimum wage is one example of a price floor. It is a legal minimum wage that employers must pay their workers, regardless of whether or not the market rate is lower.
The intention of the minimum wage is to ensure that workers receive a decent wage that is sufficient to meet their basic needs. However, one of the main criticisms of price floors is that they can lead to surpluses. When the price floor is set above the market price, the quantity supplied will exceed the quantity demanded. As a result, there will be an oversupply of the product, which can lead to a waste of resources.
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Please answer all questions with explanations. Thank you! 2 points QUESTION 25 1. During the closing process: All income statement accounts are credited to income summary. All revenue accounts are credited and expense accounts are debited. All income statement accounts are debited to income summary. All revenue accounts are debited and expense accounts are credited. 2 points QUESTION 26 1. A debit balance in the income summary account indicates: A Net Loss. C A Net Profit. That revenues were greater than expenses. C An error was made. 2 points QUESTION 27 1. If Income Summary has a net credit balance, it signifies: A net loss. Net income. A reduction of net worth. Dividends have been declared. 2 points QUESTION 28 1. The balance in Income Summary: Will always be equal to the increase in retained earnings C Should equal retained earnings. C Will equal net income or net loss. c Will equal net income less dividends.
1. All income statement accounts are credited to the income summary throughout the closing procedure.
Accounts for all revenue are credited, and accounts for all expenses are debited. So, options (A) and (B) are both true.
26. The income summary account's debit balance represents a Net Loss.
27. Net income is indicated if the Income Summary contains a net credit balance.
28. The remaining amount in the Income Summary will be either a net profit or loss.
An income statement, often referred to as a profit and loss statement or a statement of earnings, is a financial document that summarizes the revenues, costs, and net income (or net loss) of a business during a given time period. One of the essential financial statements used by companies to evaluate their financial performance.
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In this chapter, you learned productivity is the ratio of inputs to outputs. Consider each of the following organizations:
bank
community college
large laundry/dry cleaners
hospital
restaurant
Instructions:
For each of the organizations shown, identify several important productivity measures managers could use to measure the efficiency of their organization. (Hint: Think broadly, including measures that go beyond profitability or cost measures.)
Productivity is a measure of efficiency. It is defined as the ratio of inputs to outputs. The term "input" refers to the resources used to produce the product, whereas the term "output" refers to the goods or services produced by an organization.
Here are several important productivity measures managers could use to measure the efficiency of different organizations:
Bank
Customer satisfaction and retention rate is a significant measure of productivity in the banking industry. A bank’s productivity could be measured in terms of how quickly they complete transactions for their customers, the level of customer satisfaction, and how quickly they resolve customer complaints.
Community College
A community college’s productivity can be measured in several ways, including student graduation rates, course completion rates, and student engagement. For instance, if a school has a high graduation rate, it implies that it is productive in producing qualified students.
Large laundry/dry cleaners
In a laundry, productivity measures could include the number of clothes washed and dried in a day, the number of clothes lost or damaged, and the level of customer satisfaction. Productivity could also be measured in terms of the amount of water and electricity used in the process of washing clothes.
Hospital
In a hospital, productivity measures could include patient satisfaction, wait times, and the number of patients treated daily. Furthermore, the number of patients who come back after being treated, the number of fatalities, and the hospital's ability to control infection rates are other important productivity measures.
Restaurant
In a restaurant, productivity could be measured in terms of the speed of service, the quality of food served, customer satisfaction, and the number of dishes served per hour. Additionally, employee satisfaction, staff turnover rates, and other factors that could impact the customer's experience could be included as important productivity measures.
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ACME Inc. issued 116000,$3 cumulative preferred shares to fund its first investment in wind generators. In its first year of operations, it paid $260000 of dividends to its preferred shareholders. How much are the dividends in arrears for the first year? Input your answer without a $ sign or comma. For example, if it is $123,456, input 123456 Your Answer: Answer
In this problem, we will calculate the dividends in arrears for the first year. Let's begin by finding out the total dividend payment made in the first year.Number of preferred shares issued = 116000Annual dividend per share = $3Total dividend payment for the first year = $3 × 116000= $348000Now we will calculate how much of the dividend payment went towards paying off dividends in arrears.Dividends in arrears = Total dividend payment for the first year - Dividend payment made in the first year= $348000 - $260000= $88,000Therefore, the dividends in arrears for the first year is $88,000.
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You are working as a consultant for Green Team, Inc. ("GT"), an energy and construction company based in San Diego. GT was founded 10 years ago by Bill Rettman and Isabel Flores. Rettman and Flores met 21 years ago when both worked as engineering managers for San Diego Gas & Electric. GT provides energy efficient heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) solutions and other energy saving technology to a variety of corporate customers. Recently, GT has been exploring opportunities to expand its offerings to include large-scale systems for convention centers, government facilities and transit hubs. The company wants to bring in new investors to help fund their expansion. Bill and Isabel are wondering how to price additional shares. A key component of their analysis is an estimate of the required return for GT shareholders. Bill and Isabel want to use a publicly traded company as a benchmark and they have selected Trane Technologies plc (ticker "TT") as one that closely reflects GT’s business. 1 Your consulting assignment is to investigate the weighted average cost of capital for TT as well as examining certain other public companies as described below, and report back to Rettman and Flores.
Calculate the required return on TT using the dividend growth model. Assume that analysts are projecting a current year growth rate = 6.5% for TT. Given this growth rate, what is your estimate of the required return on TT common stock with the dividend growth model? What do you observe about the relative contribution to the total return from the dividend yield as opposed to the capital gains yield?
The required answer to this question is to calculate the required return on Trane Technologies plc (TT) using the dividend growth model, we need the following information:
Current Dividend: We'll need the most recent dividend payment made by TT. Let's assume it is $2.50 per share.
Growth Rate: The projected growth rate for TT's dividends is given as 6.5%.
Stock Price: We'll require the current market price of TT's common stock. Let's assume it is $50 per share.
Required Return = (Dividend / Stock Price) + Growth Rate
Using the provided information, we can calculate the required return for TT's common stock:
Required Return = ($2.50 / $50) + 0.065
= 0.05 + 0.065
= 0.115
Therefore, the estimated required return on TT's common stock using the dividend growth model is 11.5%.
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A manufacturer of major appliances provides the following information about the operations of the heating division FC=$27880,VC=$380,SP=$670, capacity =120 units what is the revenue equation * Your answer This is a required question what is the cost equation? * Your answer what is the break even volume and break even Revenue * type as (volume, revenue) what is the break even volume and break even Revenue * type as (volume, revenue) Option 1 What is the contribution margin * Option 1 what is the contribute rate * Your answer what is the break even in sales? * what is the break even in sales? * 1 point Your answer Assume variable cost and revenue both increased by 10% and fixed cost 3 points decreased by 5000 , what is the break even sales?
Given,FC = $27880VC = $380SP = $670Capacity = 120 unitsRevenue Equation can be calculated as follows:Revenue = SP * Quantity = $670 * QCost Equation can be calculated as follows:
Cost = FC + VC * Quantity = $27880 + $380 * QBreak Even Volume and Break Even Revenue can be calculated as follows:Break Even Volume (BEV) = FC / (SP - VC) = $27880 / ($670 - $380) = 88.94 units Break Even Revenue (BER) = SP * BEV = $670 * 88.94 = $59,738.32Contribution Margin can be calculated as follows:Contribution Margin = SP - VC = $670 - $380 = $290Contribution Rate can be calculated as follows:
Contribution Rate = (Contribution Margin / SP) * 100 = ($290 / $670) * 100 = 43.28%Break Even in Sales can be calculated as follows:Break Even in Sales = FC / Contribution Rate = $27880 / 43.28% = $64376.38When variable cost and revenue both increase by 10% and fixed cost decreases by $5000, the new FC = $22880, new VC = $418 and new SP = $737.4
Break Even Volume and Break Even Revenue can be recalculated as follows: Break Even Volume (BEV) = $22880 / ($737.4 - $418) = 43.25 unitsBreak Even Revenue (BER) = $737.4 * 43.25 = $31,851.15Break Even Sales can be recalculated as follows:Break Even Sales = $22880 / 46.32% = $49407.45
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Commercial loans typically have a fixed rate of interest as compared to residential loans.
b. Commercial loans typically require a lower down payment that residential loans.
c. Commercial loans typically focus on the property’s ability of generating income before the borrower’s ability of repaying the loan.
d. Commercial and residential loans do not have different underwriting / loan decision requirements.
6. If you borrowed $500,000 and you owed $400,000 when the loan came due after 5 years, you would have obtained a(n) _________________.
a. fully amortized loan.
b. interest only loan.
c. partially amortized loan.
d. negative amortization loan.
Commercial loans and residential loans are both type of loans but they have some differences in terms of their interest rate, down payment, and requirements. In commercial loans, the focus is on the property's ability to generate income before the borrower's ability of repaying the loan.
Commercial loans typically have a fixed rate of interest as compared to residential loans. They typically require a higher down payment that residential loans. On the other hand, residential loans typically have a lower rate of interest as compared to commercial loans. They typically require a lower down payment that commercial loans.
Commercial and residential loans do have different underwriting/loan decision requirements. The underwriting/loan decision requirements for commercial loans are typically more stringent and complex than for residential loans.
If you borrowed $500,000 and you owed $400,000 when the loan came due after 5 years, you would have obtained a partially amortized loan. A partially amortized loan is a loan in which the payments made by the borrower are not sufficient to pay off the entire principal of the loan over the term of the loan.
In a partially amortized loan, the borrower typically makes regular payments of interest and principal, but at the end of the term of the loan, there is still an outstanding balance of principal that must be paid.
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help pls!
The NPV (Net Present Value) of the project at \( 50 \% \) discount rate is: Zero 57,500 \( \$ 6,000 \) \( \$ 15,000 \)
The NPV (Net Present Value) of the project at \( 50 \% \) discount rate is $78,500
(Net Present Value) of a project is the difference between its present value and its initial investment.
It determines the profitability of an investment.
The NPV (Net Present Value) is calculated as follows:
NPV = Present value of future cash inflows – Initial investment
For a project to be acceptable, the NPV must be greater than or equal to zero.
If the NPV is greater than zero, then the investment is profitable.
If the NPV is equal to zero, then the investment is break-even.
If the NPV is less than zero, then the investment is unprofitable.
Since the NPV (Net Present Value) of the project at 50% discount rate is Zero, the initial investment is equal to the present value of future cash inflows at 50% discount rate.
Therefore, the initial investment is: Initial investment = Present value of future cash inflows at 50% discount rate= $57,500 + $6,000 + $15,000= $78,500Hence, the correct option is $78,500.
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if 14,000 units are produced and sold, what is the variable cost per unit produced and sold? 2. if 20,500 units are produced and sold, what is the variable cost per unit produced and sold? 3. if 14,000 units are produced and sold, what is the total amount of variable cost related to the units produced and sold? 4. if 20,500 units are produced and sold, what is the total amount of variable cost related to the units produced and sold? 5. if 14,000 units are produced, what is the average fixed manufacturing cost per unit produced? 6. if 20,500 units are produced, what is the average fixed manufacturing cost per unit produced?
Variable cost per unit produced and sold (14,000 units): Divide the total variable cost by 14,000 units.
Variable cost per unit produced and sold (20,500 units): Divide the total variable cost by 20,500 units.
Total variable cost related to 14,000 units: Multiply the variable cost per unit by 14,000 units.
Total variable cost related to 20,500 units: Multiply the variable cost per unit by 20,500 units.
Average fixed manufacturing cost per unit produced (14,000 units): Divide the total fixed manufacturing cost by 14,000 units.
Average fixed manufacturing cost per unit produced (20,500 units): Divide the total fixed manufacturing cost by 20,500 units.
Variable Cost per Unit Produced and Sold (14,000 units):
To determine the variable cost per unit produced and sold, we need to divide the total variable cost by the number of units produced and sold. The variable cost is the cost that changes based on the level of production.
Variable Cost per Unit Produced and Sold (20,500 units):
Similar to the previous case, to calculate the variable cost per unit produced and sold when 20,500 units are produced and sold, we divide the total variable cost by the number of units.
Total Variable Cost (14,000 units):
To find the total variable cost related to the 14,000 units produced and sold, we multiply the variable cost per unit by the number of units.
Total Variable Cost (20,500 units):
Similarly, to determine the total variable cost related to the 20,500 units produced and sold, we multiply the variable cost per unit by the number of units.
Average Fixed Manufacturing Cost per Unit Produced (14,000 units):
Fixed manufacturing costs are those that remain constant regardless of the production volume. To calculate the average fixed manufacturing cost per unit produced when 14,000 units are produced, we divide the total fixed manufacturing cost by the number of units.
Average Fixed Manufacturing Cost per Unit Produced (20,500 units):
In this case, we calculate the average fixed manufacturing cost per unit produced when 20,500 units are produced by dividing the total fixed manufacturing cost by the number of units.
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Obtain a copy of a pro forma credit agreement from the credit provider [this copy is to be annexed to the assignment]. Students may use their own pro forma agreement or you may use the one's uploaded to Blackboard. - Familiarize yourself with Chapter 4 particularly parts A,B and C as well as Chapter 5 , parts A and B of the NCA. - Create a checklist of provisions with which the credit agreement must comply. - Evaluate the pro forma agreement and determine which of the provisions the agreement complies with. [Please note that this part must be completed in the form of a checklist]
Correct answer is Obtain a copy, Familiarize yourself, Create a checklist, and Evaluate pro forma.
To complete the task, the following steps should be followed:
1. Obtain a copy of a pro forma credit agreement from the credit provider or use the provided pro forma agreement.
2. Familiarize yourself with Chapter 4 (parts A, B, and C) and Chapter 5 (parts A and B) of the NCA.
3. Create a checklist of provisions that the credit agreement must comply with. The checklist should include all the relevant provisions from Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 of the NCA.
4. Evaluate the pro forma agreement by comparing it to the checklist of provisions. Determine which provisions the agreement complies with and record any provisions that it does not comply with.
Following these steps will ensure compliance with the NCA and facilitate the evaluation of the pro forma credit agreement.
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Creative Corner Inc. has $700,000 in earnings and excess cash of $500,000 and is trying to decide whether to pay out these funds to its shareholders in the form of dividends or reinvest it in the company. The company has 350,000 shares outstanding and a P/E ratio of 14 . If the funds are paid out in the form of dividends, it is projected that the P/E ratio will increase by 20% as the majority of its shareholders are on a fixed income and prefer to receive dividend payments in order to supplement their income. As an alternative the funds could be retained and reinvested at 15% in which case the P/E ratio would remain unchanged
Creative Corner Inc. has earnings of $700,000 and excess cash of $500,000. The company has to decide whether to pay out the funds to shareholders as dividends or retain and reinvest them.
The company has 350,000 shares outstanding and a P/E ratio of 14. If the funds are paid out in dividends, the P/E ratio is expected to increase by 20%. If the funds are reinvested, the P/E ratio would remain unchanged.The earnings per share (EPS) for Creative Corner Inc. is as follows:EPS = Earnings / Number of Shares Outstandingsubstituting the given values,EPS = $700,000 / 350,000 sharesEPS = $2 per shareIf the funds are paid out as dividends, the new P/E ratio will be:
P/E ratio = Stock Price / EPSWhere, Stock price = P/E ratio × EPSSubstituting the given values,Current Stock price = 14 × $2Current Stock price = $28 per shareNew P/E ratio after dividend payout = 14 × (1 + 0.20)New P/E ratio after dividend payout = 16.8Payout per share = $500,000 / 350,000 sharesPayout per share = $1.43 per shareAfter the dividend payout, the stock price will drop by the amount of the dividend payout.
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Because the bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) defense is narrowly construed, it seldom is recognized as a valid defense in Title VII cases. Can you think of any jobs for which being of a particular sex or national origin is a valid BFOQ? Explain
The bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) defense is a term used to describe a very narrow exception to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Employers may discriminate based on a protected characteristic if it is a BFOQ.
However, because it is such a narrow exception, it is seldom recognized as a valid defense in Title VII cases. There are a few jobs for which being of a particular sex or national origin is a valid BFOQ. For example, a movie or television producer who is making a movie or television show about a particular race or gender can legitimately require actors to be of that race or gender.
Similarly, a religious institution can require its leaders to be of the same religion. In the case of sexual harassment claims, it may be necessary to hire someone of a particular sex to conduct a search of public restrooms, locker rooms, or other similar facilities to ensure that no one is being harassed or assaulted in those areas.
Another example is if a club or organization that caters exclusively to one gender may require that all of its employees be of that gender because it is necessary for creating a comfortable and safe environment for members. While the BFOQ defense is a narrow exception to Title VII, there are certain situations where it may be applicable.
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Your American company is expanding production and distribution
in India. Should you hire an expatriate or a host country national
to manage your overseas facility? Why?
When an American company is expanding production and distribution in India, hiring an expatriate or a host country national to manage the overseas facility is based on certain factors such as the cost of living, language proficiency, and culture differences.
So, should the American company hire an expatriate or a host country national to manage their overseas facility.
Host country nationalThe company should hire a host country national to manage the overseas facility if the cost of living is low. Hiring a host country national is less expensive than hiring an expatriate.
A host country national is also beneficial because they have already established networks and relationships with other people. They are already knowledgeable of the local language, customs, and culture.
Furthermore, a host country national can help the company blend with the community and can make better business decisions due to their local knowledge and experience.
An expatriate should be hired by the company if the host country's cost of living is high. This is because the expatriate may have a higher salary than the host country national and benefits such as housing and transportation may also be expensive.
An expatriate is also beneficial if the company is entering a new market or industry that requires specialized skills that the host country national does not have.
An expatriate can also help the company transfer knowledge and skills between cultures.
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term structure of interest rates consider an economy with a single consumer. there is one good in the economy, which arrives in the form of an exogenous endowment obeying
The term structure of interest rates refers to the relationship between interest rates and the time to maturity of debt instruments. In an economy with a single consumer and one good, the term structure of interest rates can be influenced by various factors.
One important factor that affects the term structure of interest rates is the expectations of future interest rates. If investors anticipate that interest rates will rise in the future, they may demand higher yields on longer-term debt instruments to compensate for the higher interest rates they expect to receive in the future.Conversely, if investors anticipate that interest rates will fall in the future, they may be willing to accept lower yields on longer-term debt instruments.
Another factor that can impact the term structure of interest rates is the liquidity preference of investors. Investors generally prefer more liquid assets, which can be easily bought or sold without significant price changes.Additionally, the term structure of interest rates can be influenced by the risk preferences of investors. Investors typically require a higher return for taking on higher levels of risk. Therefore, investors may demand a higher yield on longer-term debt instruments to compensate for the increased risk.
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1. What would be a real-life example of oligopoly in today's world? 2. What is a good example of concentration and prices, throughout the market?
Oligopoly is a market structure in which a few large firms dominate the market. Firms in an oligopoly market have the power to set prices and make decisions that impact the market.
In today's world, there are several examples of oligopoly in different sectors such as automobile, telecommunication, and aviation.The automobile industry is one of the best examples of an oligopoly market. A few large car manufacturing companies such as Ford, General Motors, and Toyota have a significant market share in the industry.
These companies have the power to influence prices, the supply of cars, and impact the industry's overall development. One of the characteristics of an oligopoly market is that firms tend to compete non-price through product differentiation, branding, advertising, or customer service.
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Archie would be able to pay off a portion of his loan and would likely not incur a penalty because prepayment clauses are automatically included in Florida unless specifically excluded.
Archie wanted to pay off a portion of his mortgage loan. However, he was worried that he would be stuck with a penalty. What is likely the outcome?
Archie wanted to pay off a portion of his mortgage loan, but he was concerned about incurring a penalty. It is probable that he will not be penalized since prepayment clauses are automatically included in Florida, unless they are explicitly excluded. Would Archie be able to pay off a portion of his loan without incurring a penalty.
Yes, most probably because prepayment clauses are routinely included in Florida unless specifically excluded. This means that Archie has a high likelihood of paying off a portion of his mortgage without incurring a penalty. What is a prepayment penalty.
A prepayment penalty is an extra charge imposed by the mortgage lender if the borrower repays the loan ahead of schedule. This charge is designed to compensate the lender for the loss of interest payments that the borrower would have made over the life of the loan balance.
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the company cost of capital is the expected rate of return that investors demand from the company's assets and operations.
The company cost of capital refers to the expected rate of return that investors require from a company's assets and operations.
It represents the cost of financing the company's operations and is an important metric for assessing the financial performance of the company. Cost of capital is expressed as a percentage and is determined by the weighted average of the costs of debt and equity capital. Debt capital refers to money borrowed from creditors, such as banks, and must be repaid with interest. Equity capital, on the other hand, refers to money invested by shareholders in exchange for ownership in the company.
The cost of debt is typically lower than the cost of equity because it is less risky for investors. However, companies with too much debt may have difficulty paying off their creditors, leading to bankruptcy. Equity capital is more expensive than debt capital, but it does not have to be repaid and does not incur interest charges.Cost of capital is an important metric for companies to consider when making investment decisions.
NPV is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows, and is used to determine the profitability of an investment. If the NPV is positive, the investment is considered profitable, while a negative NPV indicates that the investment will not be profitable.
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Explain FIVE (5) reasons for marketers to
adopt product adaptation decisions.
Product adaptation is the method of modifying an existing product to make it more suitable for a foreign market. It refers to making necessary changes to an existing product to meet the requirements of a specific market. Marketers will need to consider product adaptation for many reasons. Here are five (5) reasons why marketers adopt product adaptation decisions:
1. Local Preferences: Marketers can use product adaptation to make a product more suitable for the local market. This approach can be adopted to provide a product that better meets the local market’s preferences. By adapting a product, a marketer can tap into a new market and become more competitive.
2. Cultural Differences: A product adapted to suit the needs of the local market is more likely to be successful. By adapting the product to suit the local culture, customers are more likely to accept and appreciate it. Products that resonate well with customers are more likely to sell.
3. Legal Requirements: Marketers may need to modify a product to meet the legal requirements of a particular market. This modification may be necessary to comply with regulations such as environmental, labeling, and safety standards. Failing to adapt a product to local legal requirements may lead to legal consequences.
4. Technical Compatibility: Marketers need to adapt their products to local technical requirements to ensure compatibility with local infrastructure. For instance, voltage differences may need to be adjusted to ensure that the product works as intended. Adapting the product to local technical requirements can increase the product’s lifespan and make it more appealing to customers.
5. Competitive Advantage: Product adaptation can give a marketer a competitive advantage. Adapting a product can lead to cost reductions, increasing sales, and customer satisfaction. A marketer can differentiate their product from the competition by tailoring it to local markets, leading to a more competitive edge in the market.
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You purchased 200 shares of Amazon.com common stock on margin at $140 per share. Assume the initial margin is 0.60. You received a
margin call when the share price dropped to $93. What is your maintenance margin requirement (MMR)?
Please submit 2 decimal places (not a percentage).
Initial margin: 0.60The Initial Margin for a broker is the percentage of marginable securities that an investor must pay for using their own cash or approved securities. Therefore, the amount the investor borrows from the broker is determined by the initial margin.
Total borrowed amount = (Shares purchased x Cost per share) x (1 - Initial Margin Rate) = 200 x 140 x (1 - 0.60) = $11,200.As a result, the equity in the account is:Equity = Total asset value - Total borrowed amount = $18,600 - $11,200 = $7,400.To avoid a margin call, the equity in the account must be equal to or greater than the Maintenance Margin Requirement (MMR) multiplied by the total value of the securities held in the account.
In this case, the MMR can be calculated as follows:MMR = 1 - Initial Margin Requirement = 1 - 0.60 = 0.40.The total value of the securities held in the account is $18,600.Therefore, the MMR multiplied by the total value of the securities held in the account can be calculated as:MMR x Total value of securities held in the account = 0.40 x 18,600 = $7,440.The equity in the account ($7,400) is less than the MMR multiplied by the total value of the securities held in the account ($7,440). Therefore, a margin call would be issued.The maintenance margin requirement is: $7,440/18,600 = 0.40 (2 decimal places).Answer: 0.40
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A centralized training function not only hampers the streamlining of processes but also denies the company a cost advantage in purchasing training from vendors. a) true b) false
a) True. A centralized training function refers to having all training activities and resources managed and controlled by a central department or team within the company.
This statement asserts that a centralized training function hampers the streamlining of processes and denies the company a cost advantage in purchasing training from vendors. In a centralized training function, decision-making, coordination, and customization of training programs may be slow and bureaucratic, hindering the streamlining of processes within the organization. Additionally, relying solely on internal training resources can limit the company's access to external expertise and specialized knowledge that external vendors can offer. By decentralizing training and leveraging external vendors, This allows organizations to optimize their training strategies, obtain cost-effective solutions, and enhance their overall training effectiveness.
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(a) Explain carefully the adjustment process of a ‘monopolistically competitive’ firm transitioning from the short-run to the long run. (Make the steps clear in your answer.)
(b) Explain what is meant by the ‘advertising trap’ for a ‘monopolistically competitive’ advertising firm. In your answer, explain the adjustment process from the short run to the long run when the firm invests in advertising (Make the steps clear in your answer.)
(c) Explain the main differences between a 'perfectively competitive’ market and a ‘monopolistically competitive’ In answering this question, describe the differences in the demand curves, marginal revenue (MR) curves, marginal cost curves, price, and output in these respective markets? (Note: you cannot illustrate graphically, so your explanation needs to be very clear by specifically addressing each difference.)
a) In the short run, a monopolistically competitive firm might make a profit or incur a loss.
b) In the long run, the economic profit will be zero.
c) In a perfectly competitive market, there are many buyers and sellers.
a) Adjustment process of a ‘monopolistically competitive’ firm transitioning from the short-run to the long run:
When the firm is making an economic profit, there is an incentive for other firms to enter the market. This would increase competition and decrease the demand for each firm's product. As a result, the demand curve of the firm would shift leftward, reducing the price and profits.
b) The ‘advertising trap’ for a ‘monopolistically competitive’ advertising firm:
In the short run, an advertising firm can make an economic profit if the marginal revenue from advertising exceeds the marginal cost.
If the firm invests in advertising, it can shift its demand curve to the right, increasing its profits in the short run.
c) Main differences between a 'perfectively competitive’ market and a ‘monopolistically competitive’ market:
In a perfectly competitive market, there are many buyers and sellers, and each seller produces a homogeneous product. In a monopolistically competitive market, there are many buyers and sellers, and each seller produces a differentiated product.
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Shown here are condensed income statements for two different companies (assume no income taxes).
Miller Company
Sales $ 1,200,000
Variable expenses (80%) 960,000
Income before interest 240,000
Interest expense (fixed) 60,000
Net income $ 180,000
Weaver Company
Sales $ 1,200,000
Variable expenses (60%) 720,000
Income before interest 480,000
Interest expense (fixed) 300,000
Net income $ 180,000
Required:
1. Compute times interest earned for Miller Company and for Weaver Company.
Expert Answer
The times interest earned (TIE) ratio indicates a company's ability to meet interest obligations. TIE computes a company's income statement's interest cost to the income before interest and taxes.
TIE ratio = Income before interest and taxes (EBIT)/Interest.The TIE ratio for Miller Company is as follows:TIE = Income before interest/Interest expense= $240,000/$60,000= 4 times interest earned (TIE) ratioFor Weaver Company, the TIE ratio is:TIE = Income before interest/Interest expense= $480,000/$300,000= 1.6 times interest earned (TIE) ratio.
The times interest earned ratio indicates how many times the company's operating profit covers its interest payments. Therefore, Miller Company's ability to cover its interest payments is better than Weaver Company's ability to do so because the Miller Company's TIE ratio is higher than Weaver Company.
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