In the Statement of Financial Position, non-current assets such as Land and Buildings, Motor Vehicles, and Furniture and Fixtures are reported at historical cost.
Historical cost refers to the original cost incurred to acquire or produce the assets. It includes the purchase price, any directly attributable costs, and any necessary expenses to bring the asset to its present location and condition. The historical cost is typically determined at the time of acquisition or construction.
Reporting assets at historical cost provides a reliable and verifiable measure of their value at the time of acquisition. It avoids subjectivity and potential manipulation that could arise if assets were reported at their current market value or revalued amounts. However, it also means that changes in market values or inflation over time are not reflected in the financial statements.
It's important to note that while non-current assets are reported at historical cost, there may be additional disclosures in the financial statements that provide information about their estimated current values, such as fair value disclosures or information about impairments.
By reporting non-current assets at historical cost, stakeholders can assess the original investment made by the entity and make informed decisions regarding the financial position and performance of the company.
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If the interest rate is 8%, which of these investments would you prefer?
Multiple Choice
A perpetuity of $250 a year starting in year 3.
A payment of $3,000 today.
A payment of $500 in year 1, a payment of $1,800 in year 3, and a payment of $2,200 in year 6.
A payment of $350 a year for 30 years starting in year 2.
The investment that should be chosen is the payment of- D. $350 per year for 30 years beginning in year 2.
What is the reason?If the interest rate is 8%, then the investment which is preferred is the one that provides the maximum present value of the future cash flows.
Using a financial calculator, we can find the present value of each investment and compare them. Using a financial calculator, the present value of the perpetuity of $250 a year starting in year 3 is $3,030.
30, the present value of the payment of $3,000 today is $3,000, the present value of the payment of $500 in year 1, $1,647.73 in year 3, and $1,857.34 in year 6 is $3,361.80, and the present value of the payment of $350 a year for 30 years starting in year 2 is $6,899.14.
As a result, the investment that should be chosen is the payment of $350 per year for 30 years beginning in year 2.
Hence, option d. is correct.
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A manufacturing company, VMTC PLC, makes the product, blitz. Monthly sales for the first five months of 2022 have been estimated as: Month Units January 210 000 February 180 000 March 210 000 April 220 000 May 200 000 Additional Information: i. Actual units sold in 2021 November and December were 190 000 and 220 000, respectively. ii. One unit of blitz requires 2 kg of material at $3.50 per kg. iv. One unit of blitz requires half an hour of direct labour at a rate of $12 per hour. Based on past experience, 60% of cash is received in the month of sale, 25% the following month, 10% two months after and 5% is usually irrecoverable. Selling price is $18 per unit. V. vi. The company intends to have finished stock at the end of each month equivalent to 15% of the following month's budgeted sales. The policy regarding stock of raw materials is to have 25% of the following month's production requirements. vii. Stocks at 2022 January 01 are estimated to be 22 000 units of finished goods and 104 000 kg of raw materials. Produce, for 2022 January, February and March: A. production budget in units. (3 marks) B. raw materials purchased budget. (7 marks) a direct labour budget. (3 marks) (7 marks) D. a cash collection schedule for sales.
To calculate the production budget, raw materials purchased budget, direct labor budget, and cash collection schedule for sales, we'll use the given information. Let's break down each part:
A. Production Budget in Units:
The production budget determines the number of units to be produced each month. It is based on the budgeted sales and desired ending inventory.
Budgeted Sales for January to May:
January: 210,000 units
February: 180,000 units
March: 210,000 units
April: 220,000 units
May: 200,000 units
Desired Ending Inventory:
For each month, the desired ending inventory is 15% of the following month's budgeted sales.
January (Desired Ending Inventory for February): 0.15 * 180,000 units = 27,000 units
February (Desired Ending Inventory for March): 0.15 * 210,000 units = 31,500 units
March (Desired Ending Inventory for April): 0.15 * 220,000 units = 33,000 units
April (Desired Ending Inventory for May): 0.15 * 200,000 units = 30,000 units
May (No Desired Ending Inventory)
Production Budget (Units):
January:
Budgeted Sales: 210,000 units
Total Units Needed: Budgeted Sales + Desired Ending Inventory = 210,000 + 27,000 = 237,000 units
February:
Budgeted Sales: 180,000 units
Total Units Needed: Budgeted Sales + Desired Ending Inventory = 180,000 + 31,500 = 211,500 units
March:
Budgeted Sales: 210,000 units
Total Units Needed: Budgeted Sales + Desired Ending Inventory = 210,000 + 33,000 = 243,000 units
April:
Budgeted Sales: 220,000 units
Total Units Needed: Budgeted Sales + Desired Ending Inventory = 220,000 + 30,000 = 250,000 units
May:
Budgeted Sales: 200,000 units
Total Units Needed: Budgeted Sales (No Desired Ending Inventory) = 200,000 units
B. Raw Materials Purchased Budget:
The raw materials purchased budget is based on the production requirements and desired ending inventory for raw materials.
Production Requirements:
Each unit of blitz requires 2 kg of material. So, the production requirements can be calculated by multiplying the units produced by the material required per unit.
January: 237,000 units * 2 kg = 474,000 kg
February: 211,500 units * 2 kg = 423,000 kg
March: 243,000 units * 2 kg = 486,000 kg
April: 250,000 units * 2 kg = 500,000 kg
May: 200,000 units * 2 kg = 400,000 kg
Desired Ending Inventory:
For each month, the desired ending inventory is 25% of the following month's production requirements.
January (Desired Ending Inventory for February): 0.25 * 423,000 kg = 105,750 kg
February (Desired Ending Inventory for March): 0.25 * 486,000 kg = 121,500 kg
March (Desired Ending Inventory for April): 0.25 * 500,000 kg = 125,000 kg
April (Desired Ending Inventory for May): 0.25 * 400,000 kg = 100,000 kg
May (No Desired Ending Inventory)
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Analyse VRIO model applied in Xiaomi's electric vehicle
industry? Give detail explaination.
The VRIO framework is used to determine whether a firm's internal resources and capabilities are valuable, rare, inimitable, and organized. These characteristics might indicate the firm's ability to create a sustainable competitive advantage over rivals. Xiaomi, the Chinese technology company, has expanded into the electric vehicle industry, aiming to take advantage of China's booming electric car market.
Xiaomi has been involved in the EV industry for several years, but only recently declared its goal to launch an EV. The VRIO model can be used to examine how Xiaomi's internal resources and capabilities may assist it in creating a competitive advantage in the EV industry. Let's look at how Xiaomi's capabilities may be evaluated using the VRIO framework:
Value: Xiaomi is a highly respected brand with a large following in China and across the world. This could give the firm an advantage in terms of marketing and branding for its EV.
The company is also known for its ability to create high-quality, low-cost smartphones, which could transfer to the EV industry by offering affordable, high-quality electric vehicles.
Rarity: Xiaomi's experience in smartphone design and production, as well as its access to capital, may be rare in the EV industry. The company's ability to collaborate with various suppliers and partners, as well as its experience in managing complex supply chains, might also be useful in the EV industry.
Inimitability: Xiaomi's brand and reputation, as well as its organizational culture, are difficult to duplicate. However, since the electric vehicle market is already overcrowded, Xiaomi may need to develop a distinct product or service offering to stand out from the competition.
Organization: Xiaomi has a culture of innovation and is known for continuously improving its products and services. This culture could be used to drive development and innovation in the EV industry, potentially leading to a competitive advantage. Xiaomi's expertise in software development could also be leveraged to provide advanced electric vehicle features, such as self-driving capabilities.
In conclusion, Xiaomi may have some valuable resources and capabilities that could assist the company in developing a competitive advantage in the EV industry. However, given the current competition and market saturation, Xiaomi may need to develop a distinct product offering to differentiate itself from the competition.
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Accounts Receivable Turnover and Days' Sales in Receivables
Quasar, Inc. reported the following: Year 2 Year 1 Sales $3,325,880 $3,390,120 Accounts receivable 251,850 244,550 Assume that accounts receivable were $281,050 at the beginning of Year 1.
a. Compute the accounts receivable turnover for Year 2 and Year 1. Round to one decimal place.
Year 2:
Year 1:
b. Compute the days' sales in receivables for Year 2 and Year 1. Round interim calculations and final answers to one decimal place. Use 365 days per year in your calculations.
Year 2: ____days
Year 1: ____ days
a. Accounts receivable turnover formula is given by: Accounts receivable turnover = Net credit sales / Average accounts receivable where Average accounts receivable = (Beginning accounts receivable + Ending accounts receivable)/2.
Substitute the given values: Year 2: Accounts receivable turnover = $3,325,880 ÷ [(251,850 + 244,550) ÷ 2] = 12.7Year 1: Beginning accounts receivable = $281,050. Ending accounts receivable = $244,550. Accounts receivable turnover = $3,390,120 ÷ [(281,050 + 244,550) ÷ 2] = 12.3b. Days' sales in receivables formula is given by: Days' sales in receivables = (Average accounts receivable / Net credit sales) x 365. Substitute the values: Year 2: Average accounts receivable = ($251,850 + $244,550) / 2 = $248,200 Days' sales in receivables = ($248,200 ÷ $3,325,880) x 365 = 27.2 days (rounded off to one decimal place) Year 1: Average accounts receivable = ($281,050 + $244,550) / 2 = $262,800 Days' sales in receivables = ($262,800 ÷ $3,390,120) x 365 = 28.4 days (rounded off to one decimal place). Hence, the final answers for the accounts receivable turnover and days' sales in receivables are given below: Year 2: Accounts receivable turnover: 12.7Days' sales in receivables: 27.2 days Year 1: Accounts receivable turnover: 12.3 Days' sales in receivables: 28.4 days.
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What would you expect to see in the market for savings and investment when a tax is imposed on interest earned?
When a tax is imposed on the interest earned, we would expect to see decrease in savings, shift in investment preferences, lower investment levels, distortion of capital allocation, impact on financial institutions.
When a tax is imposed on the interest earned, we would expect to see the following changes in the market for savings and investment:
The net interest received by the investors will decrease since they now have to pay a tax on the interest earned.
Reduced tax benefits would make investing in savings accounts less appealing. Investment demand will decline, resulting in a decrease in the price of investment instruments like stocks and bonds, which would lead to a rise in their yields. Because investors are now losing out on a portion of their interest, they may choose to keep their funds in an investment for a longer period of time. As a result, there will be less liquid funds in the market.
Thus, a tax on interest earned may result in a reduction in the demand for savings accounts and investment vehicles, resulting in a decline in savings and investment.
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If the final balance does not balance, which of following is not
a method used to detect the error
The method that is not used to detect an error when the final balance does not balance is B) Reconciling the bank statement.
When the final balance does not balance, it indicates that there is an error in the financial records or calculations. Detecting the error is crucial to ensure the accuracy of the financial statements. Several methods can be used to identify the error, but one of them is not effective in this situation.
A) Checking mathematical calculations: This involves reviewing all the calculations made to determine if any errors or miscalculations have occurred. It helps to identify mathematical mistakes that may have caused the imbalance.
B) Reconciling the bank statement: While bank reconciliation is an important process to ensure the accuracy of cash balances, it is not directly related to detecting errors that cause an imbalance in the final balance. Bank reconciliation focuses on comparing the company's records with the bank statement to identify any discrepancies or errors in cash transactions.
C) Reviewing individual transactions: This method involves examining each individual transaction recorded to identify any errors or omissions. It helps to pinpoint specific entries that may have caused the imbalance.
D) Checking ledger postings: This method involves reviewing the ledger postings to verify the accuracy of the recorded transactions. It ensures that all transactions are correctly posted to the appropriate accounts and helps identify any posting errors.
Therefore, the method that is not used to detect an error when the final balance does not balance is B) Reconciling the bank statement.
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Suppose you work as a facilities manager in healthcare sector,
identify a process that needs some improvement and create a board
outline using DMAIC methodology for the process improvement.
3.b. Enlis
As a facilities manager in the healthcare sector, a process that may need improvement is the inventory management process for medical supplies. By applying the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) methodology, a structured approach can be taken to identify and address issues in the inventory management process.
Define:
Clearly define the goal of the project, which is to improve the inventory management process for medical supplies.
Identify key stakeholders and their expectations.
Define the scope of the project, including the specific areas or departments involved in the process.
Measure:
Collect data on the current inventory management process, including inventory levels, stockouts, order fulfillment times, and costs.
Identify key performance metrics to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of the process.
Analyze the data to understand the current state of the process and identify areas of improvement.
Analyze:
Analyze the data collected to identify bottlenecks, inefficiencies, and root causes of issues in the inventory management process.
Use tools such as process mapping and value stream analysis to visualize the flow of materials and identify areas for optimization.
Conduct a root cause analysis to understand the underlying causes of inventory issues, such as inaccurate forecasting, lack of standardized procedures, or inefficient storage systems.
Improve:
Develop and implement solutions to address the identified issues and improve the inventory management process.
This may involve streamlining procedures, implementing inventory tracking systems, optimizing storage layouts, or improving communication and collaboration with suppliers and departments.
Pilot test the proposed improvements and gather feedback to refine the solutions.
Control:
Establish control measures to sustain the improvements made and ensure ongoing effectiveness.
Develop standard operating procedures and guidelines for inventory management.
Implement regular monitoring and reporting mechanisms to track performance and address any deviations.
By following the DMAIC methodology, the facilities manager can systematically improve the inventory management process for medical supplies, leading to enhanced efficiency, reduced costs, and improved patient care.
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1- Please, express how inflation affect the three functions of money.
2- Explain the role of commercial banks in terms of expansion of money supply, emphasizing the limitations of the process.
3- There is an initial deposit in RBC Bank of $5,000.00. The required reserve ratio is 5%. Assume the bank does not keep any excess reserves and people deposit all money into the banking system. Answer these questions: (think that bank has a fractional reserve banking system):
a- How much are RBC Bank’s required reserves with this deposit?
b- By how much do RBC Bank’s excess reserves increase with this deposit?
c-Assume RBC bank loans out its excess reserves to Jennifer. Jennifer buys a new boat with her loan and therefore writes a check on her new account to Jack. Jack then deposits this check in Union Bank. Union Bank then must keep $_____ as required reserves and it lends out $___to Angelina. At this point in the process, by how much has the money supply increased (assuming the initial deposit is new money)? ___
d-If this process continues and all checks are re-deposited back into the banking system, by how much will the money supply increase when the process is complete? $___
Inflation affects the three functions of money, namely medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account.
In terms of the medium of exchange, inflation reduces the purchasing power of money, making it less effective in facilitating transactions. As a store of value, inflation erodes the real value of money over time, diminishing its ability to retain purchasing power. Inflation also hampers money's function as a unit of account by distorting price signals and creating uncertainties in economic calculations.
Commercial banks play a crucial role in expanding the money supply through the process of fractional reserve banking. When banks receive deposits, they are required to hold a fraction of those deposits as reserves. The remaining portion is available for lending and investment, effectively creating new money in the form of loans. However, this expansion of the money supply has limitations. Banks must maintain a minimum reserve requirement set by the central bank, limiting the extent to which they can create new money. Additionally, banks' lending decisions are influenced by factors such as creditworthiness, liquidity needs, and regulatory constraints, further restricting the expansion of money supply.
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In class, we discussed social business -- what is a social
business, how social businesses differ from traditional businesses,
corporations' engagement in social business, how social business
could be
In class, social business was discussed, including its definition, how it differs from traditional businesses, corporations' involvement in social business, and the potential of social business to address social and environmental issues.
A social business is a type of business that aims to solve social and environmental problems while also being financially sustainable. Unlike traditional businesses that prioritize profit maximization, social businesses have a dual mission of creating a positive impact on society and generating revenue. They are driven by a social or environmental cause and use business principles to address these issues effectively.
One key difference between social businesses and traditional businesses is their primary focus. While traditional businesses prioritize profit generation for shareholders, social businesses prioritize social impact and the well-being of stakeholders. Social businesses may reinvest profits into their social mission or use them to sustain and expand their operations.
Corporations engage in social business through various means, such as establishing separate divisions or subsidiaries dedicated to social impact, partnering with social enterprises, or incorporating social and environmental considerations into their business practices. By embracing social business, corporations can align their business strategies with societal needs, enhance their reputation, and contribute to sustainable development.
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Q.2 According to Enz’s concept (2010), Joseph’s company is given with
a broad range of strategic flexibility.
(ii) In what ways strategic flexibility affects a company?
Explain your answer.
(6 marks)
(iii) Do you agree with the fact that Joseph’s company has a
broad range of strategic flexibility? Why or why not?
(16 marks)
Having a broad range of strategic flexibility means that Joseph's company is equipped with a variety of options to adjust their strategies and stay competitive. It can also improve a company's resilience in the face of unexpected events such as economic downturns or natural disasters.
(ii) Strategic flexibility affects a company in several ways:
1. Adaptability: Companies with higher strategic flexibility can quickly adapt to changing market conditions, customer preferences, and emerging technologies.
2. Resilience: Strategic flexibility allows businesses to better handle economic downturns, crises, and external shocks by reevaluating and altering their strategies as needed.
3. Competitive advantage: A flexible company can respond more effectively to competitors' actions, either by countering them or exploiting new opportunities.
4. Innovation: Strategic flexibility encourages companies to continually explore new ideas, products, and services, leading to increased innovation and growth.
5. Decision-making: Flexibility helps companies make better and more informed decisions by considering multiple options and being open to changing direction when necessary.
(iii) Based on Enz's concept (2010), it is mentioned that Joseph's company has a broad range of strategic flexibility. there is evidence of the company's adaptability, resilience, ability to maintain a competitive advantage, innovation, and effective decision-making. However, without more information about the company and their specific strategies and capabilities, it is difficult to say for certain. It is possible that they may face limitations in certain areas, such as financial resources or human capital, which could impact their ability to be flexible in certain areas.
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Calista's Doggie Treats is a small company that produces a variety of doggie products for discerning doggie parents. Calista thinks that there is a specialized demand for doggie outdoor gear and is th
Calista's Doggie Treats is a small company that produces various products for dogs. Calista believes there is a specialized demand for doggie outdoor gear, which is why she is thinking of creating such products. This is an opportunity for the company to expand its product offerings and increase its revenue.
Calista's Doggie Treats is a small company that produces doggie products. Calista believes that there is a demand for doggie outdoor gear, and therefore, she is considering creating such products. By doing so, she can expand her company's product offerings and increase her revenue. She should conduct market research to determine whether this product idea will be profitable and feasible. If she receives positive feedback from potential customers, she can begin developing her outdoor doggie gear line. This will give her company a competitive edge and establish its brand as one that offers a wide range of dog products.
In conclusion, Calista's Doggie Treats can benefit from producing outdoor gear for dogs, as there is a potential market for it. However, it is essential to conduct market research to determine the feasibility of the product and ensure its profitability. If Calista receives positive feedback, she can go ahead and develop the product, which will help her company expand its product offerings and increase its revenue.
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what was the company’s cash flows from operating activities? multiple choice a cash outflow of $5,000 a cash inflow of $15,000 a cash outflow of $15,000 a cash inflow of $5,000
Based on the provided question, the company's cash flows from operating activities were a cash inflow of $15,000.
The company’s cash flows from operating activities were a cash inflow of $15,000. Explanation: Cash flow from operating activities refers to the total amount of cash generated or used by a company's normal business operations. It is the money that is generated from the company's sales or services rendered, and other activities related to normal operations, and is critical for its continued operation. The cash flows from operating activities could be either positive or negative. A positive cash flow from operating activities indicates that the company has enough cash to cover its everyday expenses such as wages, rent, and utility bills, among other things. A negative cash flow from operating activities, on the other hand, implies that the company is having difficulty generating sufficient cash to cover its day-to-day expenditures. Therefore, based on the provided question, the company's cash flows from operating activities were a cash inflow of $15,000.
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Discuss a logistic regression and a Tobit regression forecasting
model and, then, suggest an application in management,
transportations, or logistics of each of these two types of
forecasting models.
The model is utilized in situations where the dependent variable is non-negative and is subject to stochastic variation.
Logistic regression: A logistic regression model is a classification model that can be used for binary classification. It is utilized to determine the likelihood of a binary outcome based on one or more predictor variables. The predicted variable is binary, while the predictor variables may be of any kind.
This method can assist you in forecasting a categorical result based on independent variables. It is an ideal approach to address concerns with dichotomous variables in forecasting models.
The following is a summary of the primary characteristics of a logistic regression model: It is a classification technique that is used for predicting categorical outcomes. It can handle binary and ordinal predictor variables and one dependent variable. The predicted value is the probability of an event occurring within a given period. The model may be utilized for both explanatory and predictive forecasting.
The Tobit Regression Model: Tobit Regression Model is utilized to estimate data that are censored or truncated. It is utilized in regression analysis and is utilized to forecast when the dependent variable has a limited dependent value, either above or below a threshold. It is a type of regression model that combines linear regression with a censored or truncated model to address limited dependent variables. Tobit Regression Model is employed in logistic regression for accurate forecasting of censored or truncated data. Tobit Regression is widely used in a range of fields such as finance, economics, transportation, social sciences, and logistics.
The following is a summary of the primary characteristics of a Tobit Regression Model:
The Tobit Regression Model is used to handle truncated or censored dependent variables. The model is utilized to analyze samples that have a limited dependent value. The model is used in situations where the data have a predetermined threshold or cap. The model is utilized in situations where the dependent variable is non-negative and is subject to stochastic variation.
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describe and discuss the use of credit derivative and
the practice of securtisation as technique for credit risk
transfer
Credit derivatives and securitization are two techniques commonly used for credit risk transfer in financial markets. Credit derivatives involve the use of financial contracts that allow investors to transfer credit risk associated with an underlying asset or entity.
These derivatives include credit default swaps (CDS), which provide insurance-like protection against credit events. On the other hand, securitization involves the process of pooling and repackaging various types of financial assets, such as loans or mortgages, into securities that can be sold to investors. This technique allows banks or financial institutions to transfer credit risk from their balance sheets to investors who are willing to assume that risk.
Credit derivatives provide a means for investors to transfer credit risk without directly owning the underlying asset. For example, in a credit default swap (CDS), the buyer pays periodic premiums to the seller in exchange for protection against the default of a particular reference entity or asset. If a credit event, such as a default, occurs, the seller of the CDS compensates the buyer for the loss incurred.
Securitization, on the other hand, involves bundling a portfolio of loans or assets together and transforming them into tradable securities. These securities, known as asset-backed securities (ABS), are backed by the cash flows generated from the underlying assets. By selling these securities to investors, the originator of the loans or assets can transfer the credit risk associated with those assets to the investors who purchase the securities.
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An investment is be made with an initial capital of PHP 853512. It is expected that there will be an annual revenue for this investment of PHP 286252; while it is also entitled to an annual operations and maintenance cost of PHP 37735 and annual taxes of PHP 5425. Its salvage value at the end of its useful life (10 years) is PHP 11478. This investment has a MARR of 18% (same as interest rate).
Determine the payback period (in years) of the investment using Payback/Payout Period Method ( pls maintain complete decimal places within the solutions)
The payback period of the investment using the Payback/Payout Period Method is approximately 5.03 years.
The payback period is the length of time required for an investment to recover its initial cost. To calculate the payback period, we need to determine the time it takes for the cumulative cash inflows to equal or exceed the initial investment.
In this case, the initial capital is PHP 853,512. The annual cash inflow is PHP 286,252, and the annual expenses (operations and maintenance cost, and taxes) amount to PHP 37,735.
To calculate the payback period, we subtract the annual expenses from the annual cash inflow and accumulate the remaining amount until it reaches or exceeds the initial investment.
Year 1: Cash inflow - Expenses
= PHP 286,252 - PHP 37,735
= PHP 248,517 (Accumulated: PHP 248,517)
Year 2: Cash inflow - Expenses
= PHP 286,252 - PHP 37,735
= PHP 248,517 (Accumulated: PHP 497,034)
Year 3: Cash inflow - Expenses
= PHP 286,252 - PHP 37,735
= PHP 248,517 (Accumulated: PHP 745,551)
Year 4: Cash inflow - Expenses
= PHP 286,252 - PHP 37,735
= PHP 248,517 (Accumulated: PHP 994,068)
Year 5: Cash inflow - Expenses
= PHP 286,252 - PHP 37,735
= PHP 248,517 (Accumulated: PHP 1,242,585)
Year 6: Cash inflow - Expenses
= PHP 286,252 - PHP 37,735
= PHP 248,517 (Accumulated: PHP 1,491,102)
The cumulative cash inflows reach or exceed the initial investment of PHP 853,512 in the sixth year. To calculate the exact payback period, we can use linear interpolation:
Payback period = Year 5 + (Initial investment - Cumulative cash inflows in Year 5) / Cash inflow in Year 6
Payback period = 5 + (853,512 - 1,242,585) / 248,517
Payback period ≈ 5.03 years
The payback period of the investment using the Payback/Payout Period Method is approximately 5.03 years. This means that it will take approximately 5.03 years for the investment to recover its initial cost based on the annual cash inflows and expenses
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In which of the following cases it is a good idea to have a distribution center? When store space is cheap When there are a lot of store in a small radius When inventory management cost is low m When store space is expensive
Previous question
It is a good idea to have a distribution center when storage space is expensive. Option 4.
What is a distribution center?A distribution center is a facility that is responsible for receiving and dispatching goods. Distribution centers are a vital part of the supply chain, and they can be used to distribute goods from a single location to various destinations.
Distribution centers are commonly used by companies that require a centralized location for receiving, storing, and distributing products. Goods are delivered to a distribution center, where they are sorted, processed, and dispatched to various retail outlets. The distribution center can be a stand-alone building or a part of a larger warehouse complex.
In which of the following cases is it a good idea to have a distribution center?It is a good idea to have a distribution center when storage space is expensive. This is because the cost of renting or purchasing a retail store in a prime location can be very high. A distribution center can be located in a less expensive area, and the goods can be distributed to the retail stores from there. This can save the company a lot of money in rent and other expenses.
Additionally, a distribution center can help the company to manage its inventory more effectively, reducing the risk of stockouts and overstocking.
Hence, the correct answer is option 4.
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What has EU social policy been so controversial? Do you have any
suggestions that could make EU social policy less controversial
EU social policy has been controversial due to its impact on national sovereignty, concerns about harmonization, and disagreements over the appropriate level of social protection.
EU social policy has faced controversy primarily because it intersects with national sovereignty. Some member states argue that social policy decisions should remain within their jurisdiction, as they best understand the needs and preferences of their citizens. Additionally, concerns about harmonization arise when EU social policies potentially lead to a loss of diversity and uniqueness among member states. Differences in social systems, labor market conditions, and cultural practices contribute to the resistance against a one-size-fits-all approach.
To make EU social policy less controversial, it is crucial to promote subsidiarity. This principle entails that decisions should be taken at the most appropriate level, allowing member states to retain control over social policy matters that are better managed locally. Flexibility is also key, as it allows member states to adapt EU social policies to their specific circumstances while achieving common goals. Furthermore, fostering inclusivity and transparency in decision-making processes can help build trust and reduce controversy. Engaging stakeholders, such as civil society organizations and social partners, in policy formulation and implementation can ensure a broader representation of interests and perspectives. Additionally, enhancing the transparency of EU institutions and providing accessible information on social policy initiatives can contribute to a better understanding and acceptance of EU social policies.
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Sima Ltd purchased all issued shares of Nima Ltd for $1900000 on 1 July 2020 when the equity of Nima Ltd was as follows; 1 2 Share capital 760000 3 Asset revaluation surplus 570000 Retained earnings 285000 At this date, Nima Ltd had not recorded any goodwill, and all identifiable assets and liabilities were recorded at fair value except for the followings Further Account Cost Carrying Amount Fair value life(Years) Inventories $57,000 $143,000 Land Planti $221,250 $177,000 Contingent Liability Nima Ltd identified at acquisition date a lawsuit where Nima Ltd was sued by a former supplier with the Fairvalue of: Unrecorded Asset Nima Ltd had unrecorded and internally generated Patent with the FairValue of; Nima Ltd had unrecorded and internally generated in-process research and development with the FairValue of: Unrecorded Asset Tax rate:30%. $62,700 $157,000 $212,000 $23,000 $57,000 $43,000
The goodwill resulting from the acquisition of Nima Ltd by Sima Ltd is $1,527,500.
To determine the initial recognition of assets and liabilities and calculate the goodwill resulting from the acquisition of Nima Ltd by Sima Ltd, we need to compare the fair values of the identifiable assets and liabilities with their respective carrying amounts.
Identifiable assets and liabilities:
Inventories:
Carrying amount: $57,000
Fair value: $143,000
Difference: $143,000 - $57,000 = $86,000 (increase in value)
Land:
Carrying amount: $221,250
Fair value: $177,000
Difference: $177,000 - $221,250 = -$44,250 (decrease in value)
Plant:
Carrying amount: $221,250
Fair value: $212,000
Difference: $212,000 - $221,250 = -$9,250 (decrease in value)
Contingent Liability:
Fair value: $23,000
Unrecorded Asset - Patent:
Fair value: $57,000
Unrecorded Asset - In-process Research and Development:
Fair value: $43,000
Calculation of goodwill:
Fair value of net assets acquired:
($143,000 + $23,000 + $57,000 + $212,000 + $43,000) - ($57,000 + $221,250 + $221,250)
= $436,000 - $499,500
= -$63,500
Goodwill = Purchase consideration - Fair value of net assets acquired
= $1,900,000 - ($436,000 - $63,500)
= $1,900,000 - $372,500
= $1,527,500
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Some first time house buyers are most concerned with financial
services (e.g., mortgage, house loan). Explain this in terms of the
total product concept.
The concept of the total product is a marketing strategy that covers the full spectrum of a product's advantages and disadvantages in order to fulfil consumers' needs and wants. The total product concept can be described as the combination of all features that come with a product.
In this article, we will examine the significance of the total product concept in terms of financial services such as mortgage and house loans for first-time home buyers. Financial services are necessary for people who want to buy homes but do not have the financial means to do so. Mortgages and house loans are two of the most popular and widely used financial services.
In terms of the total product concept, these financial services must have specific features to meet the requirements of first-time home buyers. This includes both the tangible and intangible benefits offered. Tangible benefits would include the rate of interest offered, repayment period, down payment, and prepayment options. Intangible benefits would include the ability to make additional payments, customer service, and ease of application.
All these features are important for first-time buyers in choosing their financial services, as they are the determining factors of the perceived value of the product. Consequently, when financial institutions are offering mortgages and house loans, they must consider these features as important factors that contribute to the total value of the product. Therefore, understanding and meeting the needs of first-time home buyers is essential for financial institutions to retain their customers and remain competitive.
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For Tesla
E. Performance Standards
What performance standards will be used to monitor this enterprise or business unit?
What are acceptable performance standards?
What yield or output levels could you attain?
What efficiency levels will you reach?
What procedures will be used to monitor performance?
Who is responsible for monitoring performance?
What industry benchmarks will be used to assess performance?
Tesla's E. Performance Standard sin order to monitor Tesla's Enterprise or Business Unit, the following performance standards will be used: There are several acceptable performance standards that Tesla can use to monitor their enterprise or business unit.
However, the following are a few: Efficiency levels- These are important to evaluate to make sure that the enterprise is utilizing resources in the best possible way. Yield or output levels- The yield of the product is the ratio of output to input. This is a good way to monitor the performance of Tesla's products, and the output levels are the number of products produced by the company.
Financial performance benchmarks - Tesla could use these benchmarks to compare their financial performance against that of other companies in the industry. Quality benchmarks - These benchmarks will help Tesla to evaluate their product quality and compare them to those of competitors.
Performance Standards could be used to monitor performance using a variety of performance standards like Efficiency levels, Yield or output levels, Procedures for Monitoring Performance, and others. The supervisors or managers will be responsible for the effective monitoring of performance, and several benchmarks will be used to assess performance.
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Strenghts of using consumer choice theory to derive market demand
curve
Using consumer choice theory to derive market demand curves offers several strengths:
Individual Rationality: Consumer choice theory assumes that individuals are rational decision-makers who seek to maximize their utility or satisfaction. This assumption provides a solid foundation for understanding consumer behavior and predicting market demand.
Aggregation of Individual Choices: Consumer choice theory allows for the aggregation of individual choices to derive market demand curves. By summing up the demand of all consumers in the market, it provides insights into the overall demand for a product or service.
Demand Elasticity: Consumer choice theory enables the analysis of demand elasticity, which measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price or other factors. This information is crucial for businesses in determining pricing strategies and understanding market dynamics.
Market Equilibrium: Consumer choice theory helps in analyzing market equilibrium, where the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied. It allows for the determination of price and quantity at which the market is in equilibrium, providing a basis for understanding market efficiency.
Comparative Statics: Consumer choice theory allows for the analysis of changes in market conditions and their impact on demand. It helps in understanding how changes in factors such as income, prices of related goods, or consumer preferences affect market demand and consumer behavior.
Predictive Power: Consumer choice theory provides a framework for making predictions about consumer behavior and market demand. By understanding the factors that influence consumer choices, businesses can anticipate changes in demand and make informed decisions.
Overall, using consumer choice theory to derive market demand curves provides a rigorous and analytical approach to understanding consumer behavior and market dynamics. It offers valuable insights for businesses in making pricing decisions, understanding market equilibrium, and predicting consumer responses to changes in market conditions.
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A vaccine manufacturing firm recently hired an engineer who discovered a novel method of generating the vaccine. He presented the company with a project plan with an initial cost of USD 120,000 and annual charges of USD 50,000. The initiative is planned to earn USD 82,000 in revenue in the first year, increasing by USD 1,000 each year until year 5. When the procedure is stopped after 5 years, a salvage value of USD 15,000 will be realized. If the company's MARR is 18 percent, use rate of return analysis (manual computation) to justify the feasibility of the project proposal.
The calculated rate of return is -32.43%. Since the RoR is negative and lower than the MARR of 18%, it indicates that the project proposal is not feasible or financially viable. The project is expected to result in a net loss, which does not meet the company's minimum requirements for profitability. Therefore, based on rate of return analysis, the project should not be pursued.
To analyze the feasibility of the project proposal using rate of return analysis, we need to calculate the rate of return (RoR) and compare it to the company's minimum attractive rate of return (MARR), which is given as 18 percent. Here's how we can proceed:
1. Calculate the total cash inflows for each year:
Year 1: Revenue - Annual Charges = $82,000 - $50,000 = $32,000
Year 2: $82,000 + $1,000 - $50,000 = $33,000
Year 3: $82,000 + $2,000 - $50,000 = $34,000
Year 4: $82,000 + $3,000 - $50,000 = $35,000
Year 5: $82,000 + $4,000 + $15,000 - $50,000 = $51,000
2. Calculate the total cash outflows:
Initial Cost + (Annual Charges x Number of Years) = $120,000 + ($50,000 x 5) = $370,000
3. Calculate the net cash flows for each year:
Year 1: Cash Inflow - Cash Outflow = $32,000 - $120,000 = -$88,000 (initial investment)
Year 2: $33,000 - $50,000 = -$17,000
Year 3: $34,000 - $50,000 = -$16,000
Year 4: $35,000 - $50,000 = -$15,000
Year 5: $51,000 - $50,000 = $1,000 + $15,000 (salvage value) = $16,000
4. Calculate the cumulative net cash flows:
Cumulative Net Cash Flow = Sum of Net Cash Flows for each year
Year 1: -$88,000
Year 2: -$105,000
Year 3: -$121,000
Year 4: -$136,000
Year 5: -$120,000 (includes the salvage value of $15,000)
5. Calculate the RoR:
RoR = (Cumulative Net Cash Flow / Initial Investment) x 100%
RoR = (-$120,000 / $370,000) x 100% = -32.43%
The calculated rate of return is -32.43%. Since the RoR is negative and lower than the MARR of 18%, it indicates that the project proposal is not feasible or financially viable. The project is expected to result in a net loss, which does not meet the company's minimum requirements for profitability. Therefore, based on rate of return analysis, the project should not be pursued.
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Using the demand and supply curves for bonds, explain the effect
of the following on the interest rates.
a. A business cycle contraction
b. Low inflationary expectation
Both a business cycle contraction and low inflationary expectations have the potential to impact interest rates. A business cycle contraction, characterized by a decrease in economic activity, typically leads to a decrease in demand for bonds as investors seek higher returns elsewhere.
This decrease in demand puts downward pressure on bond prices and results in higher interest rates. On the other hand, low inflationary expectations can lead to a decrease in the supply of bonds as investors anticipate lower future inflation rates. The reduced supply of bonds increases their prices and decreases interest rates.
a. A business cycle contraction typically occurs during a recession when economic activity slows down. During this phase, consumer spending, investment, and overall demand for goods and services decrease. As a result, investors may become less willing to purchase bonds, opting for alternative investments that offer potentially higher returns. The decrease in demand for bonds causes bond prices to decline. To attract investors, issuers of bonds must increase interest rates. Therefore, during a business cycle contraction, interest rates tend to rise.
b. Low inflationary expectations can affect interest rates through the supply side of the bond market. When investors expect low inflation rates in the future, they anticipate a decrease in the purchasing power of money over time. As a response, investors may demand fewer bonds, which results in a reduced supply. With a decreased supply of bonds, their prices increase, and as bond prices rise, interest rates fall. This relationship occurs because higher bond prices provide a lower yield or return for investors. Therefore, low inflationary expectations tend to lead to lower interest rates.
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On January 1, 2017, Polk Corporation issued $4,000,000, 7%, 5-year bonds with interest payable on January 1. The market rate of interest for these bonds was 5%. The corporation uses the effective-interest method of amortization of bond premium. Polk Corporation's financial reporting date is on December 31. Required: 1. Calculate the bond's issuance price on January 1, 2017. (Show calculations) 2. Prepare journal entries to record the following. (Round to the nearest dollar) (1) The issuance of the bonds on January 1, 2017. (2) The accrual of interest and the premium amortization on December 31, 2017. (3) The payment of interest on January 1, 2018. 3. What is the bond's book value on December 31, 2017? (Show calculations) 4. What is the total borrowing cost of this bond? (Show calculations) Type your answers on Moodle. Otherwise, no points
The present value of future cash flows determines the bond's issuance price. The bond has a $4,000,000 face value, 7% interest, and a 5-year duration. Market interest is 5%. Therefore The bond's January 1, 2017, issuing price is $7,482,901.01. December 31, 2017, Dr. $32,455 Cash Cr. $396,700 Bond Premium. Book value Worth $7,482,901
Interest payments can be calculated using the present value of annuity formula: Interest rate x face value
Interest: $4,000,000 x 7% = $280,000
Interest payment PV = Interest payment × [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r].
Interest payments = $280,000 x [(1 - (1 + 0.05)^(-5)) / 0.05].
Interest payments = $280,000 x (1 - 0.783526166) / 0.05
Interest payments = $280,000 x 15.52947334
Interest PV = $4,352,730.67
Present value of a single sum formula:
Face value / (1 + r) equals PV.PV = $4,000,000 / (1 + 0.05).5 PV of face value payment = $4,000,000/1.276281562
$3,130,170.34 face value payout
Interest payments + face value payments equal issuance price.
$4,352,730.67 + $3,130,170.34 = issuance price
$7,482,901.01 issuance price
The bond's January 1, 2017, issuing price is $7,482,901.01.
(1) January 1, 2017 bond issuance:
$7,482,901 cash
$482,901 Bond Premium
$7,000,000 Bonds Due
(2) December 31, 2017 interest and premium amortization:
$364,245 Interest
Dr. $32,455 Cash Cr. $396,700 Bond Premium
(3) January 1, 2018 interest:
Interest $280,000
Dr. $11,700 Cash Cr. $291,700 Bond Premium
Bond book value on December 31, 2017:
Book value = issue price - amortized premium
Worth $7,482,901
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Which of the following best describes the top-down analysis to forecast revenue? Review Later Start with total addressable market and forecast the revenue based on market share and segments Start with most basic drives of the business and build the analysis to revenue (eg. the number of units that are sold multiplied by the price) Use the historical figures to forecast the future years and calculate the year-over-year revenue Analyze the relationship between revenue and other factors of the business and use the trend to forecast revenue
The top-down analysis to forecast revenue typically starts with the total addressable market and then proceeds to forecast revenue based on market share and segments.
This method assumes that the company's market share will remain constant and that it will capture a proportionate share of the market. Another approach is to start with the most basic drives of the business, such as the number of units sold multiplied by the price, and build the analysis up to revenue. This method is more granular and provides a deeper understanding of how the business generates revenue. Historical figures can also be used to forecast future years and calculate year-over-year revenue growth. Finally, analyzing the relationship between revenue and other factors of the business can help to identify trends and forecast revenue accordingly. Ultimately, the choice of approach will depend on the specific needs of the business and the level of detail required for accurate forecasting.
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Question Completion Status: QUESTION 2 Which of the following statements is incorrect? O A. Cash expenses are the total cash outflows within a given month B. The cash receipts and cash expenses are an
The incorrect statement is:
A. Cash expenses are the total cash outflows within a given month.
The correct statement is:
B. The cash receipts and cash expenses are an integral part of the cash flow statement.
Cash expenses refer to the cash outflows or payments made by a company during a specific period, which can include expenses such as salaries, rent, utilities, and other operating expenses. These expenses are recorded on the income statement and are an integral part of calculating the net income.
The cash flow statement, on the other hand, provides information about the cash inflows and outflows of a company during a specific period. It includes cash receipts from sales, loans, investments, as well as cash payments for expenses, investments, and financing activities. The cash flow statement helps analyze the company's ability to generate cash and manage its liquidity.
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13. Which of the following is an example of public ownership of a monopoly? a. DeBeers b. Microsoft C. U.S. Postal Service d. AT&T
The example of public ownership of a monopoly is the U.S. Postal Service. The correct option is option C.
Public ownership of a monopoly refers to a situation where a government or public entity has complete control over a particular industry or market, eliminating competition and creating a monopoly. In the given options, the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) best fits this description.
The USPS is a government agency responsible for providing mail and package delivery services within the United States. It operates as a monopoly in the sense that it has exclusive control over the delivery of non-urgent letters and packages, known as "First-Class Mail."
Unlike private courier services such as FedEx or UPS, the USPS enjoys a legal monopoly granted by the U.S. government, which means it has the sole authority to deliver mail to individual mailboxes and access to certain postage-related services.
This exclusive control over mail delivery distinguishes the USPS as an example of public ownership of a monopoly.
Therefore, option c, the U.S. Postal Service, is the correct example of public ownership of a monopoly among the given options.
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Respond to the following in a minimum of 175
words: Your key stakeholder is asking for comprehensive Gantt charts
to determine how the project is progressing. Discuss what you will
tell them.
As a project manager, one of the primary tasks is to keep all the key stakeholders informed of the project's progress. In this case, the key stakeholder has requested comprehensive Gantt charts to determine how the project is progressing.
To address this request, I would explain to the stakeholder the benefits of Gantt charts and how they can provide useful insights into the project's progress.
Firstly, Gantt charts provide a visual representation of the project timeline, including all the tasks and milestones. This allows the stakeholders to quickly understand the project's current status and identify potential delays or issues. By using Gantt charts, the stakeholder can get a clear view of the project's progress, which can help them make informed decisions and take corrective action where necessary.
Secondly, comprehensive Gantt charts also provide information on resource allocation, which includes the tasks assigned to each team member and the amount of time allocated to each task. This can help stakeholders identify potential resource constraints or bottlenecks that could impact the project's progress.
Finally, Gantt charts can also be used to track project dependencies, which can help stakeholders understand how different tasks and milestones are related. By understanding these dependencies, stakeholders can make informed decisions and take corrective action if necessary.
In summary, Gantt charts are an essential tool for project management, and they can provide useful insights into the project's progress. As a project manager, I would explain the benefits of Gantt charts to the stakeholder and provide them with comprehensive Gantt charts that reflect the project's current status. By doing so, the stakeholder can make informed decisions and take corrective action where necessary.
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Boston Electric Generators has been getting many complaints from its major customer, Home Station, about the quality of its shipments of home generators. Daniel Shimshak, the plant manager, is alamed that a customer is providing him with the only information the company has on shipment quality. He decides to collect information on defective shipments through a form he has asked his drivers to complete on arrival at customers' stores. The forms for the first 285 shipments have been turned in. They show the following over the past 8 weeks: No. of No. of Shipments Week Shipments with Defects 1 23 10 2 31 11 ÏÏÏ 3 30 11 4 37 12 5 35 12 6 42 14 7 43 15 8 44 16 This exercise contains only part a a) Using the point drawing tool eight times, develop a scatter diagram using total number of shipments and number of defective shipments Defective Shipments 20 16 16 14 12 28 32 36 Shipments 40 44 885
To develop a scatter diagram for the given data, follow these steps:
1. Label the horizontal axis as "Total Number of Shipments" and the vertical axis as "Number of Defective Shipments".
2. Plot the data points for each week on the graph, using the number of shipments as the x-coordinate and the number of defective shipments as the y-coordinate.
Here are the data points to plot:
- Week 1: (23, 10)
- Week 2: (31, 11)
- Week 3: (30, 11)
- Week 4: (37, 12)
- Week 5: (35, 12)
- Week 6: (42, 14)
- Week 7: (43, 15)
- Week 8: (44, 16)
To create a scatter diagram, label the axes, then plot the given data points for each week. The data points are (23, 10), (31, 11), (30, 11), (37, 12), (35, 12), (42, 14), (43, 15), and (44, 16).
By developing a scatter diagram, you can visually analyze the relationship between the total number of shipments and the number of defective shipments. This can help Boston Electric Generators understand if there's a trend in defective shipments and take necessary actions to improve their product quality.
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Bismarck and Altoona exchange buildings. The transaction has commercial substance. The following information was obtained: Bismarck's Building $60,000 Cost Altoona's Building $45,000 20,000 Accumulated Depreciation 20,000 Fair value based upon appraisal 50,000 40,000 The exchange was made, and based on the difference in appraised value, Altoona paid $10,000 to Bismarck. The new building should be recorded on Bismarck's books at: Select one: O a. $35,000 O b. $32,000 OC $40,000 O d. $38,000 O e. $50,000
The new building should be recorded on Bismarck's books at $45,000.
In the given situation, both parties exchanged their buildings with each other. Bismarck's Building's cost was $60,000 while the fair value of Altoona's Building was appraised at $50,000. Altoona had also paid $10,000 to Bismarck, based on the difference in appraised value. Moreover, the accumulated depreciation on Altoona's Building was $20,000. Now, Bismarck must record the new building's value on its books. We will determine the gain or loss on the exchange based on the fair value of the buildings before the exchange.The gain or loss will be calculated by using the following formula:Gain or loss on the exchange = Fair value of the building given up − Book value of the building given upBased on the given data, we can calculate the gain or loss for both parties. The calculation is as follows:For Bismarck:Gain or loss on the exchange = $50,000 − $60,000 = − $10,000Therefore, Bismarck has incurred a loss of $10,000. Altoona has paid $10,000 to Bismarck to compensate for the loss.Bismarck will record the new building on its books based on the fair value of the property that it has acquired in exchange. Therefore, the new building should be recorded on Bismarck's books at $45,000.
In conclusion, Bismarck's new building should be recorded on its books at $45,000.
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