Power is the capacity or ability to direct or influence the behavior of others or the course of events.
The five sources of power include legitimate power, reward power, coercive power, expert power, and referent power.
Legitimate power refers to the influence one possesses due to their position or title.
Reward power refers to the influence one possesses due to their ability to provide incentives for others.
Coercive power refers to the influence one possesses due to their ability to enforce punishments on others.
Expert power refers to the influence one possesses due to their knowledge, expertise, or special skills.
Referent power refers to the influence one possesses due to their ability to attract or charm others.
Due to Syed’s doctoral degree and his subject matter expertise in biomedical science, he exhibits expert power.
As per the scenario given in the question, Daphne works with Syed and Syed is an expert in his field.
Hence, he has the expertise required to direct or influence the behavior of others in the context of biomedical science.
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What percentage is discretionary income?.
The percentage of discretionary income varies based on individual circumstances, and there is no fixed percentage that applies universally.
Discretionary income refers to the portion of a person's income that is available for spending or saving after essential expenses, such as taxes, housing, food, and other necessities, have been deducted.
It represents the disposable income that individuals have control over and can allocate towards various non-essential or optional expenditures, such as entertainment, vacations, luxury goods, and savings.
The percentage of discretionary income can vary widely among individuals and is influenced by various factors, including income level, personal financial obligations, and lifestyle choices. There is no fixed percentage for discretionary income, as it depends on individual circumstances.
For example, individuals with higher incomes may have a larger percentage of discretionary income compared to those with lower incomes, as their essential expenses may constitute a smaller proportion of their overall income. Similarly, individuals with minimal financial obligations or debt may have a higher percentage of discretionary income compared to those with significant financial responsibilities.
To calculate the percentage of discretionary income, one would typically deduct essential expenses from the total income and express the remaining amount as a percentage of the total income. However, it is important to note that discretionary income is a dynamic concept and can fluctuate based on changes in income, expenses, and financial priorities.
In summary, the percentage of discretionary income varies based on individual circumstances, and there is no fixed percentage that applies universally. It is a measure of the disposable income that individuals have control over and can allocate towards non-essential expenses or savings after meeting essential financial obligations.
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Pitt Company uses standard costs to control materials costs. The standards call for 6 pounds of materials for each finished unit produced. The standard cost per pound of materials is $2.00. During May, 5,000 finished units were manufactured, 20,000 pounds of materials were used. The price paid for materials was $2.25 per pound. There were no beginning or ending materials inventories.
Required:
a. Determine the flexible budget materials cost for the manufacture of 5,000 finished units.
b. Determine the actual materials cost incurred for the manufacture of 5,000 finished units, and compute the total materials variance.
c. How much of the difference between the answers to requirements (a) and (b) was related to the price paid for the purchase of materials?
d. How much of the difference between the answers to requirements (a) and (b) was related to the quantity of materials used?
a. The flexible budget materials cost for the manufacture of 5,000 finished units is $60,000.
b. The actual materials cost incurred for the manufacture of 5,000 finished units is $45,000, and the total materials variance is -$15,000.
c. $5,000 of the difference between the answers to requirements (a) and (b) was related to the price paid for the purchase of materials.
d. $28,000 of the difference between the answers to requirements (a) and (b) was related to the quantity of materials used.
a. The flexible budget materials cost for the manufacture of 5,000 finished units can be calculated by multiplying the standard materials cost per unit by the number of units produced. In this case, the standard materials cost per unit is determined by multiplying the standard quantity of materials (6 pounds) by the standard cost per pound ($2.00):
Standard materials cost per unit = 6 pounds/unit * $2.00/pound = $12.00/unit
To determine the flexible budget materials cost, we multiply the standard materials cost per unit by the number of units produced:
Flexible budget materials cost = $12.00/unit * 5,000 units = $60,000
b. The actual materials cost incurred for the manufacture of 5,000 finished units can be calculated by multiplying the actual quantity of materials used by the actual cost per pound. In this case, the actual quantity of materials used is given as 20,000 pounds and the actual cost per pound is $2.25:
Actual materials cost = 20,000 pounds * $2.25/pound = $45,000
To compute the total materials variance, we subtract the flexible budget materials cost from the actual materials cost:
Total materials variance = Actual materials cost - Flexible budget materials cost
= $45,000 - $60,000
= -$15,000
c. The difference between the answers to requirements (a) and (b) can be analyzed to determine how much was related to the price paid for the purchase of materials. To calculate this, we need to isolate the price variance, which is the difference between the standard cost per pound and the actual cost per pound, multiplied by the actual quantity of materials used:
Price variance = (Standard cost per pound - Actual cost per pound) * Actual quantity of materials used
= ($2.00/pound - $2.25/pound) * 20,000 pounds
= -$5,000
Therefore, $5,000 of the difference between the answers to requirements (a) and (b) was related to the price paid for the purchase of materials.
d. To determine how much of the difference between the answers to requirements (a) and (b) was related to the quantity of materials used, we need to isolate the quantity variance. The quantity variance is the difference between the standard quantity of materials and the actual quantity of materials used, multiplied by the standard cost per pound:
Quantity variance = (Standard quantity of materials - Actual quantity of materials used) * Standard cost per pound
= (6 pounds/unit - 20,000 pounds) * $2.00/pound
= -$28,000
Therefore, $28,000 of the difference between the answers to requirements (a) and (b) was related to the quantity of materials used.
In summary:
a. The flexible budget materials cost for the manufacture of 5,000 finished units is $60,000.
b. The actual materials cost incurred for the manufacture of 5,000 finished units is $45,000, and the total materials variance is -$15,000.
c. $5,000 of the difference between the answers to requirements (a) and (b) was related to the price paid for the purchase of materials.
d. $28,000 of the difference between the answers to requirements (a) and (b) was related to the quantity of materials used.
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Which of the following will cause a rightward/upward shift in the money demand curve? An decrease in the moncy supply Expansionary monetary policy An increase in the money supply An increase in income A decrease in income
A shift in the demand curve is caused by a change in one of the determinants of demand, assuming all other determinants remain constant.The interest rate and the quantity of money demanded have an inverse relationship.
The following are some of the factors that can cause a rightward/upward shift in the money demand curve:
1. An increase in income- When individuals have a higher income, they tend to demand more money to meet their expenses. This will shift the demand curve to the right.
2. A decrease in income- A decrease in income will lead to a reduction in money demand. This will shift the demand curve to the left.
3. A decrease in the money supply- A decrease in the money supply will cause a rightward/upward shift in the money demand curve. This is because people will demand more money as it becomes scarce.
4. Expansionary monetary policy- Expansionary monetary policy involves the increase in the money supply. This policy will cause a rightward/upward shift in the money demand curve. This is because people will demand more money at a lower interest rate.
The answer is A decrease in the money supply and Expansionary monetary policy.
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the type of performance management system where a company assembles performance data on an individual from most or all of his/her daily contacts both within and outside of the company is:
The type of performance management system where a company assembles performance data on an individual from most or all of his/her daily contacts both within and outside the company is 360-degree performance appraisals. Hence, Option (D) is correct.
In a 360-degree performance appraisal, feedback is gathered from various perspectives, including supervisors, peers, subordinates, and even external stakeholders such as customers or clients.
This holistic approach provides a comprehensive view of the individual's performance by considering input from individuals who have different relationships and perspectives.
By incorporating feedback from different sources, a 360-degree performance appraisal aims to provide a more well-rounded and objective assessment of an individual's strengths, weaknesses, and overall performance.
Thus, it allows for a broader understanding of performance by including insights from individuals who interact with the employee in different contexts, promoting a more comprehensive evaluation process.
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The type of performance management system where a company assembles performance data on an individual from most or all of his/her contacts within and outside the company is known as:
A. the critical incidents technique.
B. behavioral observation scales.
C. management by objectives.
D. 360-degree performance appraisals.
At the beginning of the month , Supplies were $ 700 . During the month , the company purchased $ 400 of supplies . At month's end , November 30 , $ 300 of supplies were still on hand . a . What was the cost of supplies used during the month ? Where is this item reported ? b . Where is the ending balance of supplies reported ? c . Make the adjusting entry to update the Supplies account at the end of the month . a . What was the cost of supplies used during the month ? Where is this item reported ? What was the cost of supplies during the month ?
At the beginning of the month, supplies were $700. During the month, the company purchased $400 of supplies. At the end of November 30, $300 of supplies were still on hand.
a) What was the cost of supplies used during the month? Where is this item reported?To get the cost of supplies used during the month, we need to calculate the amount of supplies purchased and subtract the amount of supplies on hand at the end of the month from that amount.
Cost of supplies used = Supplies purchased – Supplies on hand at the end of the month
= $400 - $300= $100
The cost of supplies used during the month is $100. This item is reported in the Income Statement as an expense.
b) Where is the ending balance of supplies reported?
The ending balance of supplies is reported in the Balance Sheet as a current asset.
c) Make the adjusting entry to update the Supplies account at the end of the month. The adjusting entry is needed to update the balance of supplies account and record the cost of supplies used during the month.
The adjusting entry is as follows:
Supplies expense = Cost of supplies used during the month
= $100Supplies on hand = $300
Supplies Account Debit Credit Supplies Expense $100 Supplies $100 Supplies $300 Supplies Expense $300.
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Explain data inventory workflow and how data inventory system consolidates data before the tagging process.
The data inventory workflow refers to the process of collecting, organizing, and managing data assets within an organization.
A data inventory system plays a crucial role in this workflow by consolidating data before the tagging process. Here's an overview of how it works:
Data Collection: The data inventory system collects data from various sources within the organization, including databases, file systems, applications, and external data providers.
Data Profiling: Once the data is collected, the inventory system performs data profiling to understand its structure, quality, and content.
Data Classification: The inventory system categorizes the data based on predefined criteria, such as data type, format, sensitivity, and usage.
Data Consolidation: Before the tagging process, the data inventory system consolidates the collected data into a centralized repository or data catalog.
Data Tagging: Once the data is consolidated, the inventory system assigns relevant metadata tags to the data assets.
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21 Dec The owner informed the accountant that he had taken sanitizer with a cost of R12 260.00 (excluding VAT) for his own use. 24 Dec Cash register till slips (16/12/2018 - 24/12/2018) for cash sales of: R44 464.00. Deposited 27 Dec 2018. 24 Dec The owner withdrew cash of R48 286.00 from the entity’s bank account to pay employee salaries. 6 FRK 121/122 Assignment Information 2022 29 Dec The owner instructed the accountant to calculate interest at 8% per annum on the balance owing by C Hemsworth which had been in arrears for 7 months at this date. 30 Dec An EFT of R6 000.00 was issued to the owner, for his personal cell phone account. 31 Dec A proof of payment via EFT was received for R600.00 from Martin Goodman Attorneys. Refer to letter received from the attorneys. 31 Dec Received an invoice from T Hardy for R4 020.00 in respect of office equipment purchased. The current residual value is estimated to be R1 020.00. 31 Dec Cash register till slips (27/12/2018 - 31/12/2018) for cash sales of: R64 108.00. Deposited 2 Jan 20X8. 31 Dec A direct deposit was received from Ragnarock Attorneys for R4 000.00 in respect of an amount that they collected for the account of L Loki. According to the accounting records, this amount had been written off as irrecoverable in a prior period. 31 Dec A EFT for R4 560.00 was issued for advertisements which appeared in local magazines during December 2018. 31 Dec Issued a credit sales invoice to R Downey for purchases of sanitizer R2 996.00. Invoice AB52 was subsequently received from H Cavill for the delivery costs of 10% (including VAT) on the value of the sanitizer sold to R Downey. 31 Dec Cash of R1 016.00 was withdrawn by the accountant from the entity’s bank account to re-instate the petty cash balance on hand to R1 600.00. 31 Dec Stan Lee, the owner has been discussing the sale of some office equipment with his close friend and they decided to finalise the deal before year-end. The equipment was initially purchased on 1 April 2015 for R16 000.00, and was sold to Tony Stark for R10 000.00 on 1 December 2018. No entry has been made for this transaction. Tony Stark is not registered as a VAT vendor, and agreed to pay the amount due before the end of June 2019. - All of the office equipment items on the asset register, except those purchased during the current year, were purchased and ready for use on 1 April 2015. - Office equipment is depreciated at 15% per annum in accordance with the reducing balance method. General Journal, Creditors ledger and Debtors Ledger ANSWER PLS.
General Journal, Creditors ledger, and Debtors Ledger are shown below.DateDetailsDebitCredit21 December 2018Consumables account - sanitizer purchased 14 119.00214 Inventory (Creditors) 14 119.0024 December 2018Bank account 48 286.00Owners drawings account 48 286.0024 December 2018Debtors account 44 464.00
Sales account 44 464.0029 December 2018Interest receivable account 800.00C Hemsworth account 800.0030 December 2018Owners drawings account 6 000.00Bank account 6 000.0031 December 2018Advertisement account 4 560.00Bank account 4 560.0031 December 2018Equipment account (including VAT) 4 020.00Input VAT account 560.00Creditors account (T Hardy) 4 580.0031 December 2018Sales account 2 996.00Debtors account (R Downey) 2 996.0031 December 2018Cost of sales account 299.60Input VAT account 26.40Consumables account 326.00(Invoice AB52 received from H Cavill)
31 December 2018Petty cash account 1 016.00Bank account 1 016.0025 February 2019Bank account 1 485.00Interest received account 35.00Debtors account (C Hemsworth) 1 450.00Creditors LedgerDateDetailsAmountAmountDateDetailsAmountAmount29 Dec 2018Interest charge 800.00C Hemsworth 800.0031 Dec 2018
Purchases 4 580.00T Hardy 4 580.00Debtors LedgerDateDetailsAmountAmount29 Dec 2018Interest 800.00C Hemsworth 800.0031 Dec 2018Sales 2 996.00R Downey 2 996.0031 Dec 2018Receipt 4 000.00L Loki 4 000.00
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currently, oscar sells otter food for $6. he is considering decreasing his price from $6 to $5, and wants to determine the impact this price decrease
The impact of decreasing the price of otter food from $6 to $5 depends on various factors such as market demand, competition, cost structure, and customer behavior.
The impact of decreasing the price of otter food from $6 to $5 can be analyzed from different perspectives. Let's explore the potential effects:
1. Increased demand: Lowering the price of a product often leads to an increase in demand. This is because a lower price makes the product more affordable and attractive to potential buyers. As a result, Oscar may experience an increase in the number of customers purchasing his otter food.
2. Competitive advantage: If other sellers in the market are offering otter food at a higher price, Oscar's price decrease may give him a competitive advantage. Customers may choose to buy from Oscar due to the lower price, allowing him to attract new customers and potentially gain a larger market share.
3. Decreased profit margin: Although lower prices may attract more customers, the decrease in price may also result in a decreased profit margin per unit sold. It is important for Oscar to carefully consider the cost of production and any other expenses associated with selling otter food. If the decrease in price results in a significant decrease in profit, it may not be a sustainable strategy.
4. Increased sales volume: While the profit margin per unit may decrease, the overall sales volume may increase due to the lower price. Oscar may sell a larger quantity of otter food at $5 compared to when it was priced at $6. This could potentially lead to an increase in revenue, even with a lower profit margin.
5. Customer loyalty and perception: Lowering the price of otter food may positively impact customer loyalty and perception. Customers may appreciate the lower price and feel more inclined to continue purchasing from Oscar in the long run. Additionally, the perception of otter food being affordable may attract new customers who were hesitant to buy at the higher price.
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. Tony is a great employee. He is always punctual, practice active listening, as well as have a good preparation before any meeting. What kind of dimensions of professional behaviour are portrayed by Tony? (1 Point) Appearances and appeal, and honesty and ethics Diligence and collegiality, and courtesy and respect Honesty and ethics, and tolerance and tact Reliability and responsibility, and honesty and ethics 20. In the first phase of the writing process the writer needs to:(1 Point) research, organize and compose revise, proof read and evaluate analyse, anticipate and adapt none of the above 21. If your message is urgent and needs immediate response in black and white for recording purposes, which channel of communication is BEST used? (1 Point) letter memo face to face communication email 22. Phase 2 of the 3×3 writing process begins with doing which of the following?(1 Point) Writing the rough draft Deciding how to organize the message Selecting a communication channel Gathering necessary information 23. Jack and Rachel are meeting to write out their report for a new project. Which Phase of Writing are they engaged in? (1 Point) adapting organizing writing revising
The dimensions of professional behavior portrayed by Tony are reliability and responsibility, and honesty and ethics. The answer is (D) Reliability and responsibility, and honesty and ethics.
Dimensions of professional behavior refer to the attributes, characteristics, or traits that should be displayed by an individual to ensure a high level of professionalism in the workplace. Tony is always punctual, practices active listening, and prepares well before every meeting, and these behaviors portray the dimensions of professional behavior such as reliability and responsibility, and honesty and ethics. In the first phase of the writing process, the writer needs to research, organize, and compose the message. The first phase of the writing process is known as the prewriting phase, where the writer plans, researches, and organizes their thoughts and ideas about the message they want to convey.
If your message is urgent and needs an immediate response in black and white for recording purposes, the best channel of communication to use is a memo. A memo is a formal document used in business communication to convey important information or messages that require urgent attention and are for recording purposes. Phase 2 of the 3×3 writing process begins with deciding how to organize the message. The answer is (B) deciding how to organize the message. Phase 2 of the 3×3 writing process is known as the drafting phase, where the writer begins to write the message by deciding how to organize the content. Jack and Rachel are engaged in Phase 1 of the writing process, which is the adapting phase. The adapting phase is the prewriting phase where the writer adapts to the audience by analyzing their needs, interests, and expectations to create an effective message.
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15 per cent rise in the price of red wine increases the quantity of white wine demanded by 10 per cent. Calculate the Cross elasticity of demand (CED) for red wine and white wine. Are red wine and white wine complements or substitutes? Explain.
Cross elasticity of demand (CED)The cross elasticity of demand (CED) measures the percentage change in the demand for one good as a result of a percentage change in the price of a different good.
The cross-elasticity of demand formula is given as; CED = Percentage change in quantity demanded of good X / Percentage change in price of good Y Calculation For the given scenario, the 15% rise in the price of red wine increases the quantity of white wine demanded by 10%.
Thus the CED of red wine and white wine can be calculated as follows; CED = Percentage change in quantity demanded of good X / Percentage change in price of good YCED = 10 / 15CED = 0.67Red wine and white wine are substitutes because of the cross-elasticity of demand coefficient.
If the coefficient of cross-elasticity is positive, this indicates that the two products are substitutes. A higher CED reflects that the goods are highly substitutable.
In this case, since the CED for white wine is 0.67, this means that the two goods are substitutes, and thus an increase in the price of red wine will result in consumers buying white wine instead of red wine.
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Sally's assessable income for \( 2021 / 22 \) is \( \$ 30100 \). She has \( \$ 536 \) allowable deduction. How much is Sally's individual income tax payable? Taxable Income Tax on this income
Sally's assessable income for 2021/22 is $30100, and she has $536 allowable deduction. Her income tax payable is calculated as follows: Calculation of taxable income.
Taxable income = Assessable income - Deduction Taxable income = $30100 - $536Taxable income = $29564Calculation of income tax: Tax payable = (Taxable income × Tax rate) - Tax offset Tax rate:
Taxes payable = (Taxable income × Tax rate) - Tax offset Taxes payable = (29564 × 0.19) - 0Taxes payable = $5618.16Therefore, Sally's income tax payable is $5618.16, and her taxable income is $29564.
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2. Dr. Michael Mills, a surgeon employed to the Mandeville General Hospital, carelessly failed to remove part of a suture which had previously been inserted into the plaintiff Mabel Jones in an operation referred to as 'cervical encirclement', thereby exposing the patient Jones to considerable danger in her subsequent pregnancy and labour. Explain what, if any claims may be made against the hospital in this instance and the likelihood of success. (4 Marks)
The hospital can be held accountable for any harm caused to the patient due to the negligence of its employee.
The case of Dr. Michael Mills is of critical importance as it highlights the risks and liabilities that medical professionals and institutions are exposed to. This paper discusses the claims that can be made against the Mandeville General Hospital as well as the probability of success. Based on the facts presented, it is evident that Dr. Michael Mills is responsible for the harm caused to Mabel Jones. However, it is also essential to examine the hospital's liability in this instance.Claims against the HospitalThe hospital's liability is contingent on the premise of vicarious liability. This means that the hospital is responsible for the actions of its employees, including Dr. Michael Mills. The hospital can be held accountable for any negligent actions of its employees committed in the course of their work. Negligence refers to the breach of duty of care owed to the patient, leading to injury or harm. In this instance, Dr. Michael Mills was negligent in his actions by failing to remove part of a suture. This negligence resulted in considerable danger to the patient Mabel Jones, especially during pregnancy and labour.
Therefore, the hospital can be held accountable for any harm caused to the patient due to the negligence of its employee.
The likelihood of Success based on the information provided, the likelihood of success in this case is relatively high. The hospital can be held liable for the harm caused to the patient by Dr. Michael Mills's negligence. This is because the hospital has a duty of care owed to the patient, and this duty of care was breached. The breach of duty of care led to the harm caused to the patient, which was foreseeable. Therefore, the hospital can be held liable for the harm caused to the patient. However, the probability of success depends on the evidence presented and the strength of the arguments made in court. If the evidence is substantial, and the argument is persuasive, then the probability of success is high. However, if the evidence is weak, and the argument is not compelling, then the probability of success is low.
In conclusion, the Mandeville General Hospital can be held liable for the harm caused to the patient Mabel Jones. The hospital's liability is based on the premise of vicarious liability, where the hospital is responsible for the actions of its employees. The likelihood of success in this case is relatively high, based on the information presented. However, the probability of success depends on the evidence presented and the strength of the arguments made in court.
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a developer owned a 30-acre tract of farmland. as required by law, the developer filed a plat with the county planning board, but did not record it.
Filing a plat with the county planning board, as required by law, is an important step for a developer when it comes to documenting and obtaining approval for the subdivision of land. However, it's worth noting that failing to record the plat could have certain implications.
Recording a plat refers to the act of officially documenting the plat with the appropriate government office, typically the county recorder's office or registrar of deeds. The purpose of recording is to establish a public record of the plat, providing notice to interested parties and ensuring the legal validity and enforceability of the subdivision.
By not recording the plat, the developer may encounter several potential issues:
Lack of Legal Recognition: Without recording the plat, the subdivision of the farmland may not be legally recognized. This means that the developer's intended division of the 30-acre tract into smaller lots or parcels may not have legal standing or be considered valid.
Inability to Transfer Titles: Failure to record the plat may hinder the developer's ability to transfer titles or ownership of the subdivided lots. When a property is not recorded, it may create difficulties in establishing clear ownership rights and transferring those rights to subsequent buyers or owners.
Lack of Notice to Third Parties: Recording the plat serves as public notice of the subdivision. It allows interested parties, such as potential buyers, lenders, or neighboring property owners, to be aware of the division of the land. Not recording the plat could result in limited or no notice to these parties, potentially leading to disputes, confusion, or challenges related to the subdivision.
Legal and Financial Consequences: The failure to record the plat may have legal and financial consequences for the developer. It could result in violations of local regulations or laws, which may lead to penalties, fines, or legal actions. Additionally, it may impact the marketability and value of the subdivided lots, as potential buyers or investors may be hesitant to engage in transactions involving unrecorded properties.
It's important for developers to understand and comply with the legal requirements for subdividing land, which typically include both filing the plat with the planning board and recording it with the appropriate government office. By following the necessary steps, developers can ensure the legal validity, enforceability, and marketability of the subdivided properties.
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Suppose the Federal Reserve decided to sell $40 billion worth of government securities in the open market. a. By how much will M1 change initially if the entire $40 billion is withdrawn from transactions accounts? Note: If M1 decreases be sure to include a negative sign (-) in front of your answer. M1 will initially change by: b. How will the lending capacity of the banking system be affected if the reserve requirement is 5 percent? Note: If lending capacity decreases be sure to include a negative sign (-) in front of your answer. Total lending capacity will change by: billion c. How will banks induce investors to respond to this change in lending capacity? If the money supply increases, interest rates will and investors will want to borrow more funds. If the money supply decreases, interest rates will and investors will want to borrow fewer funds.
If the Federal Reserve decides to sell $40 billion worth of government securities in the open market and the entire $40 billion is withdrawn from transactions accounts, M1 will initially decrease by $40 billion.
The change in M1 will be: -$40 billion.b. The reserve requirement is the percentage of deposits that banks must hold as reserves. If the reserve requirement is 5 percent, the banking system's total lending capacity will decrease by $800 billion, which is $40 billion divided by 0.05.
The total lending capacity will change by -$800 billion.c. Banks will induce investors to respond to this change in lending capacity by adjusting interest rates. If the money supply increases, interest rates will decrease, and investors will want to borrow more funds.
If the money supply decreases, interest rates will increase, and investors will want to borrow fewer funds. Thus, the banks can influence the demand for loans and maintain the equilibrium in the market.
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Harris Inc.'s preferred stock was issued five years ago to yield 9%. Investors buying those shares on the secondary market today are getting a 13.5% return. Harris generally pays flotation costs of 13% on new securities issues. What is Harris's cost of preferred financing? Round the answer to two decimal .
---------------- %
The cost of Harris Inc.'s preferred financing can be found using the cost of preferred financing formula which is:Cost of preferred financing = Dividend/Net proceedsWhere,Dividend = the preferred stock dividend per yearNet proceeds = the issue price minus the flotation costsIn this problem, the dividend is 9% of the issue price.
However, investors buying the stock on the secondary market are getting a 13.5% return. This means that the market price of the stock is less than the issue price.Let P be the market price of the preferred stock today. Then the dividend per year is 0.09P and the net proceeds is 0.87P (since flotation costs are 13%).Therefore,Cost of preferred financing = Dividend/Net proceeds= 0.09P / 0.87P= 0.1034 or 10.34% (rounded to two decimal places).Hence, the cost of Harris Inc.'s preferred financing is 10.34%.
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When interest rates on short term bonds exceed those on long term bonds a recession is likely to occur. true or false
FALSE
The statement "When interest rates on short term bonds exceed those on long term bonds a recession is likely to occur" is FALSE.
What are bonds?
Bonds are long-term debt securities issued by governments and companies to raise funds from investors.
Bondholders get periodic interest payments from the issuer for a specified period.
Bonds have several characteristics, including the interest rate, maturity, yield, and credit quality.
Investors refer to the maturity period of bonds as either short-term or long-term.
Short-term bonds have a maturity period of fewer than five years, while long-term bonds have a maturity period exceeding ten years.
When the interest rates on short-term bonds increase beyond those of long-term bonds, the result is an inverted yield curve.
Although an inverted yield curve may not cause a recession, it has been a predictor of economic downturns in the past.
However, there are other factors that cause a recession, such as a decline in consumer spending, a decrease in business investments, and an increase in unemployment levels.
A yield curve inversion happens when the yield curve on US Treasury debt securities inverts, i.e., when long-term bonds have lower yields than short-term bonds.
According to the US Treasury yield curve, an inversion of the yield curve means that investors believe that there is a high likelihood of a recession in the future.
But a recession is not guaranteed to happen.
As a result, the statement "When interest rates on short term bonds exceed those on long term bonds a recession is likely to occur" is FALSE
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A letter of intent summarizes progress made during business negotiations, but moreimportantly, it creates a binding contract.a. True b. False
b. False. A letter of intent (LOI) typically serves as a preliminary agreement or expression of intent between parties involved in business negotiations.
A letter of intent (LOI) typically serves as a preliminary agreement or expression of intent between parties involved in business negotiations. While it outlines the key terms and conditions of a potential agreement, a letter of intent is generally considered non-binding. Its purpose is to establish a framework for further discussions and negotiations, outlining the intentions and understanding of the parties involved. However, a letter of intent itself does not create a legally enforceable contract. The final agreement is typically formalized in a separate contract or agreement that is mutually agreed upon and legally binding. Therefore, it is important for parties to carefully review and finalize the terms in a formal contract to ensure the creation of a binding agreement.
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16. We want money because money is: a. a valuable resource b. a valuable good c. valuable for making exchanges for goods and resources d. All of the above 17. M2 consists of: a. M1 b. small-denomination time deposits c. savings deposits and money market accounts d. All of the above combined 18. In our fractional reserve banking system: a. banks hold reserves equal to only a fraction of their deposits b. the fraction of deposits that must be held is determined by the discount rate c. the discount rate is set by the Secretary of Commerce d. All of the above 19. If the required reserve ratio is 9%, and 4 th Bank receives a deposit of $50,000, how much may 4 th Bank loan out? a. $50,000 b. $45,500 c. $45,000 d. $4,500 20. If Sara Saver earns a 7% interest rate on her savings when the rate of inflation is 3%, her real interest rate is: a. 10% b. 7% c. 4% d. 3%
16. The correct option is D. All of the above: The statement "We want money because money is valuable for making exchanges for goods and resources" is correct.
Money is a valuable resource, and it is a valuable good. 17. The correct option is D.
All of the above combined: M2 is a monetary aggregate that includes M1 as well as small-denomination time deposits, savings deposits, and money market accounts. 18.
The correct option is A.
banks hold reserves equal to only a fraction of their deposits:
The fractional reserve banking system is a banking system in which banks hold reserves equal to only a fraction of their deposits.
19. The correct option is B. $45,500:
The maximum amount that can be loaned out by 4th Bank is determined by the formula:
Maximum amount loaned out = (1 - Required reserve ratio) × Deposit
Maximum amount loaned out = (1 - 0.09) × $50,000
Maximum amount loaned out = 0.91 × $50,000
Maximum amount loaned out = $45,500
Therefore, the amount that 4th Bank may loan out is $45,500. 20.
The correct option is C. 4%:
The formula for calculating the real interest rate is as follows:
Real interest rate = Nominal interest rate - Inflation rate
Real interest rate = 7% - 3%
Real interest rate = 4%
Therefore, Sara Saver's real interest rate is 4%.
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Explain 1 Risk Management strategy regarding regular threat assessment?
Risk Management Strategy: Regular Threat Assessment. Regular threat assessment involves conducting ongoing evaluations of potential risks to identify emerging threats and vulnerabilities.
It consists of a systematic process that helps organizations stay proactive in their risk management approach. Regular threat assessment is crucial for effective risk management. By consistently evaluating potential threats, organizations can identify new risks, vulnerabilities, and changes in the risk landscape. This strategy involves analyzing internal and external factors that may pose a risk to the organization, such as cybersecurity threats, natural disasters, regulatory changes, or economic fluctuations. The key benefits of regular threat assessment include early detection of emerging risks, enabling proactive risk mitigation strategies. It helps organizations prioritize and allocate resources appropriately to address potential threats. Furthermore, continuous assessment enhances organizational resilience by facilitating timely adaptation to evolving risks and enables the implementation of robust risk response plans.
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which of the following games do shareholders play when firms are in financial distress?
The game shareholders play when firms are in financial distress is The Game of Chicken.
When a company is going through financial difficulties, the stockholders play the "game of chicken" to protect their investments in the company. They attempt to get the firm out of debt, avoid bankruptcy, or receive better compensation for their shares if the business fails. If the stakeholders believe that the business has a better chance of succeeding if it does not file for bankruptcy, they may participate in a game of chicken. Shareholders might try to sell their shares before the price drops too low if they believe the company will eventually fail.
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Credit bureaus get their information from all of the following sources except
Stores.
References.
Finance companies.
Banks.
Credit card companies.
Credit bureaus get their information from all of the following sources except stores. Instead, they get their information from various sources such as banks, credit card companies, finance companies, and other financial institutions.
Credit bureaus are entities that collect, maintain, and update credit information on consumers and businesses.A credit bureau is a company that collects and maintains data on people's credit history, employment history, and public records such as bankruptcies and court judgments. Credit bureaus get their data from several sources, including banks, credit card companies.
They also get their data from public records such as bankruptcies and court judgments.Credit bureaus use the information they collect to create credit reports for individuals and businesses. Credit reports include a credit score, which is a numerical representation of an individual's creditworthiness. The higher the score, the more likely an individual is to receive credit at favorable terms.
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A computer based accounting information system can best be defined as a. the application of technology to the capturing storing sorting and reporting of data. b. the application of technology to the capturing storing sorting and reporting of information. c. the application of technology to the capturing, verifying, storing, sorting and reporting of financial data relating to an organisation's activities. d. the application of technology to the capturing, verifying, storing, sorting and reporting of information relating to an organisation's activities
A computer-based accounting information system can best be defined as the application of technology to the capturing, verifying, storing, sorting, and reporting of financial data relating to an organization's activities. It is used to process financial transactions and generate financial reports for the organization.
The system is designed to meet the accounting needs of the organization and help the management in decision-making by providing accurate and timely financial information. It involves the use of computers, software, and communication networks to process, store, and retrieve financial data.The accounting information system consists of several modules that work together to provide a seamless flow of information. The modules include the general ledger, accounts payable, accounts receivable, inventory management, and payroll.
All of these modules work together to provide a complete accounting system that meets the organization's accounting needs. The accounting information system has several benefits for the organization. It provides accurate and timely financial information to the management, which helps in decision-making. It also helps in streamlining the accounting process and reducing the time and cost associated with it.
The system also helps in improving the accuracy and reliability of financial information. In conclusion, the accounting information system is an essential tool for organizations to manage their financial information efficiently.
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Suppose that you are an investor with a risk aversion coefficient of A = 5. You are deciding about portfolio allocation between the stock market index portfolio and a riskless asset. To come up with the expected market return, you regress one-year market returns on the P/D ratio and you obtain an intercept of 0.26 and a slope of -0.004, both of which are statistically significant. The current value of P/D is 40. Assume that the risk-free rate is 1% and your best estimate of conditional market volatility over the next year is 15%. What is the optimal weight of the market index in your portfolio allocation?
Group of answer choices
25.0%
20.0%
80.0%
75.0%
Optimal weight of market index in the portfolio allocation is 75%. A solution to the problem is below. Investment with risk-aversion coefficient of
A = 5 can be considered a risk-averse investor.
In this case, the investor would want to maximize the utility function given by
U=E(R)-0.5Aσ², where E(R) is the expected return on the portfolio, σ is the volatility of the portfolio, and A is the risk-aversion coefficient.
= 0.26 - 0.004 × 40 = 0.12 or 12%Given that the risk-free rate is 1% and the best estimate of conditional market volatility over the next year is 15%, the expected return on the market portfolio is:Sharpe Ratio (SR)
= (0.12 - 0.01)/0.15 = 0.67To maximize the Sharpe ratio, the optimal weight of the market index in the portfolio allocation is:Optimal weight of the market index
= (0.67)/(0.67 + 0.005)
= 0.992 or 99.2%This is an extremely high allocation to the market, which indicates that the risk-aversion coefficient of A = 5 is relatively low for this investor.
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A person buys a share of stock in Apple from another investor through the NYSE. This is an example of a __________ market transaction.
Question 18 options:
physical asset
primary
private
secondary
money
A person buys a share of stock in Apple from another investor through the NYSE. This is an example of an Option D. secondary market transaction.
Let's discuss it in detail;
Secondary Market Transactions: Secondary market transactions are investments made in previously issued securities. It is a financial marketplace where previously issued securities, such as bonds and stocks, are purchased and sold through brokers, dealers, and other traders. The secondary market is also known as the aftermarket because shares are sold to investors by other shareholders and not by the issuing firm. Secondary markets assist with liquidity because they enable investors to sell securities to other investors, which enhances the overall market's efficiency and volume.
Primary Market Transactions: Primary market transactions are when the issuer first sells securities to investors. Companies that go public must do so by selling shares to investors in a primary market transaction. The issuing business is the issuer of the securities in a primary market transaction, which means that they are responsible for generating new stocks. New stock issuance is referred to as a public offering.
Money Market Transactions: A money market is a marketplace for short-term securities like treasury bills and commercial paper that have maturities of less than one year. The market is used by companies to acquire short-term funding in the form of debt while keeping their long-term debt at a minimum.
Physical Asset Transactions: Physical assets are tangible, including commodities, real estate, and other items. Physical assets trading is a practice that involves exchanging tangible assets with financial value. These financial value assets can be either cash or another financial instrument, such as a stock or a bond.
Private Market Transactions: Private market transactions refer to the purchase and sale of securities in a marketplace that is only open to a specific group of investors. It is an unregulated market where transactions take place between consenting parties. Examples of securities that can be sold through private market transactions include debt securities, common stock, and warrants.
In conclusion, buying a share of stock in Apple from another investor through the NYSE is an example of a secondary market transaction because the stock was previously issued and is now being resold on the secondary market to another investor. Therefore, the correct option is D.
The question was incomplete, Find the full content below:
A person buys a share of stock in Apple from another investor through the NYSE. This is an example of a __________ market transaction.
Question 18 options:
A. physical asset
B. primary
C. private
D. secondary
E. money
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In Irving Fisher's quantity theory of money, velocity was determined by A) interest rates. B) real GDP. C) the institutions in an economy that affect individuals' transactions. D) the price level.
In Irving Fisher's quantity theory of money, the velocity of money was determined by the institutions in an economy that affect individuals' transactions.
Irving Fisher's quantity theory of money is a classical economic theory. It is based on the idea that the general price level of goods and services is directly proportional to the amount of money in circulation.
This theory has a famous equation of exchange, which is M * V = P * T, where M represents the money supply, V represents the velocity of money, P represents the price level, and T represents the total quantity of goods and services bought and sold in an economy.
In this theory, the velocity of money is the number of times that a dollar is spent in a year. It is determined by the institutions in an economy that affect individuals' transactions.
Irving Fisher's quantity theory of money was developed in the early twentieth century. It is a classical economic theory that is based on the idea that the general price level of goods and services is directly proportional to the amount of money in circulation.
This theory has a famous equation of exchange, which is M * V = P * T, where M represents the money supply, V represents the velocity of money, P represents the price level, and T represents the total quantity of goods and services bought and sold in an economy.
According to this theory, the velocity of money is the number of times that a dollar is spent in a year. It is a measure of the rate at which money circulates in an economy. The higher the velocity of money, the more quickly money is changing hands, and the faster the economy is growing.
The velocity of money is determined by the institutions in an economy that affect individuals' transactions. These institutions include the banking system, financial markets, and other financial intermediaries. They affect how quickly money is transferred between buyers and sellers, and how easily transactions can be made.
Overall, Irving Fisher's quantity theory of money is an important contribution to the field of economics. It provides a framework for understanding the relationship between money and prices, and the role that institutions play in determining the velocity of money.
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if real output grows at 3 percent per year and the inflation rate is 3 percent per year then government debt can grow by 6 percent per year and not increase the ratio of debt to income. (T/F)
The statement is true. When real output grows at 3 percent per year and the inflation rate is also 3 percent per year, the government debt can grow by 6 percent per year without increasing the ratio of debt to income.
To understand why this is true, let's break it down step by step:
1. Real output growth: Real output refers to the total value of goods and services produced in an economy, adjusted for inflation. When real output grows at a rate of 3 percent per year, it means that the economy is expanding and producing more goods and services over time.
2. Inflation rate: Inflation refers to the general increase in prices of goods and services over time. When the inflation rate is 3 percent per year, it means that the average price level is increasing at that rate annually.
3. Government debt: Government debt refers to the total amount of money that a government owes to its creditors. This debt can be in the form of bonds, loans, or other financial instruments.
4. Debt-to-income ratio: The debt-to-income ratio is a measure of how much debt a government has relative to its total income. It is calculated by dividing the total debt by the total income.
Now, let's see why the statement is true:
If the real output grows at 3 percent per year and the inflation rate is also 3 percent per year, it means that the income of the government is increasing by 3 percent annually.
If the government debt grows at 6 percent per year, it matches the growth in income. Therefore, the debt-to-income ratio remains constant because both the debt and income are growing at the same rate.
In other words, the government debt is growing proportionally to the increase in income, so the ratio of debt to income does not change.
To illustrate this, let's consider a hypothetical scenario:
Suppose the government starts with a debt of $100 and an income of $1,000.
After one year, the real output grows by 3 percent, so the income increases to $1,030.
Simultaneously, the inflation rate is 3 percent, so the debt also grows by 3 percent to $103.
Now, the government debt-to-income ratio is $103 (debt) divided by $1,030 (income), which is approximately 0.100, or 10 percent.
In the next year, the real output grows by 3 percent again, so the income increases to $1,060.
The debt also grows by 3 percent, reaching $106.09.
The debt-to-income ratio is now $106.09 (debt) divided by $1,060 (income), which is approximately 0.100, or 10 percent.
As we can see, even though the government debt grew by 6 percent over two years, the debt-to-income ratio remained constant at 10 percent.
Therefore, the statement is true: when real output grows at 3 percent per year and the inflation rate is 3 percent per year, the government debt can grow by 6 percent per year without increasing the ratio of debt to income.
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You pay $10,000 per acre for a tract of land, and your opportunity cost (rate) is 6 percent. You hold the land 12 years and pay $1,000 in taxes each year. What price per acre must you sell the land for to break even with your opportunity cost (rate)?
Opportunity cost is the benefits one sacrifices by choosing an alternative course of action. To break even with your opportunity cost, you should know how much to sell the land for.
Opportunity cost is calculated using an interest rate. In this scenario, your opportunity cost rate is 6%.
You purchased an acre of land for 10,000, held it for 12 years, and paid 1,000 in taxes each year.
To determine the price at which you must sell the land to break even with your opportunity cost, use the following formula:
Price to sell = price paid x (1 + opportunity cost rate) ^ time held + sum of annual taxes
For your land, the calculations are as follows:
Price to sell = 10,000 x (1 + 6%) ^ 12 + 1,000 x 12
Price to sell = 10,000 x 2.012 ^ 12 + 12,000
Price to sell = 10,000 x 5.734 + 12,000
Price to sell = 57,340 + 12,000
Price to sell = 69,340
You must sell the land for 69,340 per acre to break even with your opportunity cost.
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A fund whose goal is to invest in economic development and job creation in impoverished areas is a/an ______.
A)impact-investment fund
B)community fund
C)microlending fund
D)inward-focused fund
An impact-investment fund is a type of fund that aims to generate positive social and environmental impacts alongside financial returns.
It focuses on investing in projects and initiatives that address social and environmental challenges, including economic development and job creation in impoverished areas. Impact-investment funds consider both the financial profitability of their investments and the measurable positive outcomes they can generate. These funds actively seek opportunities to make a meaningful difference by directing capital towards projects that have the potential to create social value and bring about positive change in disadvantaged communities. By investing in economic development and job creation in impoverished areas, an impact-investment fund aligns its financial goals with the objective of making a positive social impact. It seeks to address the root causes of poverty and inequality by supporting initiatives that drive economic growth, create employment opportunities, and uplift communities.
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to best balance their time and the information they obtain, how often must revenue managers analyze sales in each of their identifiable revenue centers?
To best balance their time and the information they obtain, revenue managers must **regularly** analyze sales in each of their identifiable revenue centers.
Analyzing sales in revenue centers should be done **frequently** to ensure effective revenue management. The exact frequency may vary depending on factors such as the industry, business size, and specific revenue centers involved. However, regular analysis allows revenue managers to stay informed about the performance of each revenue center, identify trends, spot potential issues, and make data-driven decisions.
By conducting regular analyses, revenue managers can assess the effectiveness of pricing strategies, monitor demand patterns, evaluate the impact of promotions or discounts, and identify opportunities for revenue optimization. This proactive approach enables revenue managers to make timely adjustments, allocate resources effectively, and maximize revenue across all identifiable revenue centers.
The frequency of analysis may range from daily, weekly, monthly, or even quarterly, depending on the nature of the business and the revenue cycles involved. It is crucial for revenue managers to strike a balance between the frequency of analysis and the time required to gather and analyze the data, ensuring they have up-to-date information to support their revenue management strategies and decision-making process.
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7. Refer to the table below. The required reserve ratio is 25%. If the First Charter Bank is meeting its reserve requirement and has no excess reserves, its loans equal First Charter Bank Assets Liabilities Resores $800 Deposits $400 Net Worth Total $1,200 Total A. $900. B. $1,000 C. $600. D. $1,800 TANIT
The required reserve ratio is the percentage of a bank's total deposits that it must hold in reserve and cannot lend out. In this case, the required reserve ratio is 25%.
To determine the loans of the First Charter Bank, we need to calculate the total deposits. According to the table, the total deposits are $400.
Since the bank is meeting its reserve requirement and has no excess reserves, it means that the bank is holding the required reserves, which is 25% of the total deposits. Therefore, we can calculate the required reserves as follows:
Required Reserves = Required Reserve Ratio * Total Deposits
Required Reserves = 0.25 * $400
Required Reserves = $100
Now, to find the loans of the bank, we subtract the required reserves from the total assets:
Loans = Total Assets - Required Reserves
Loans = $800 - $100
Loans = $700
So, the loans of the First Charter Bank equal $700.
In summary, the loans of the First Charter Bank equal $700. Therefore, the correct answer is option A. $900.
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