To calculate the 5-year cumulative U.S. market excess returns, probability of positive cumulative return, and average annual return, you can follow these steps:
1. Obtain the dataset: Ensure you have access to the "myclass.annexmkt" dataset containing the annual U.S. market excess returns.
2. Define variables: Create variables to store the 5-year cumulative return, count of positive cumulative returns, and total annual returns.
3. Loop through the data: Iterate over the dataset, considering a 5-year window for each consecutive period.
4. Calculate cumulative return: Within the loop, calculate the cumulative return by multiplying the annual returns over the 5-year period.
5. Determine positive cumulative returns: Keep track of the number of 5-year periods with a positive cumulative return.
6. Calculate total annual returns: Sum the annual returns over the 5-year period.
7. Calculate average annual return: Divide the total annual returns by the number of 5-year periods to obtain the average annual return.
8. Calculate the probability: Divide the count of positive cumulative returns by the total number of 5-year periods to determine the probability of a positive cumulative return.
9. Interpret the results: Assess the calculated probability and average annual return to evaluate the potential benefits of long-term investment in the U.S. market.
Remember to consider the limitations of historical data and the assumptions made in the analysis. Market conditions and other factors can influence future performance.
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T/F?
The internal auditing staff of a large corporation usually reports to a committee of the board of directors, to a member of the top management group, or both.
The internal auditing staff of a large corporation usually reports to a committee of the board of directors, to a member of the top management group, or both. So, the statement is True.
In large corporations, the internal auditing function plays a crucial role in assessing and evaluating the organization's internal controls, risk management processes, and financial reporting practices. The reporting structure of the internal auditing staff varies depending on the organization's governance structure and practices.
Typically, the internal auditing staff reports to a committee of the board of directors or to a member of the top management group, such as the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) or the Chief Audit Executive (CAE). In some cases, they may report to both the board committee and a member of top management. The reporting lines ensure independence and objectivity in the internal auditing function.
Reporting to the board of directors or a board committee provides an additional level of oversight and accountability. The board's audit committee is responsible for overseeing the internal audit function, including its independence, effectiveness, and the reliability of internal controls. By reporting to the board committee, the internal auditing staff can provide direct feedback and insights to the highest level of governance within the organization.
Reporting to a member of the top management group, such as the CFO or the CAE, allows for closer integration with the organization's strategic objectives and operational activities. This reporting relationship ensures that the internal audit function aligns with the organization's goals and priorities and supports effective risk management and internal control practices.
The reporting structure of the internal auditing staff may vary based on the organization's size, industry, and specific governance practices. Some organizations may have a dedicated internal audit department, while others may outsource internal audit services to external firms. Regardless of the reporting structure, the primary objective is to ensure the independence, objectivity, and effectiveness of the internal audit function in providing valuable insights and recommendations to improve the organization's governance, risk management, and control processes.
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1. An item may be either purchased for the price of 8 KD per unit or manufactured at a rate of 10,000 units per year for the price of 7 KD per unit. If purchased the ordering cost is $1.5 KD compared to a setup cost of 15 KD if it is manufactured. The yearly demand for this item is 2500 units and the inventory holding rate is 10%. Should the company purchase the item or should they manufacture it?
It is more cost-effective for the company to purchase the item rather than manufacturing it.
The annual demand for the item is 2,500 units, and the company has two options: purchasing at 8 KD per unit or manufacturing at 10,000 units per year for 7 KD per unit. The ordering cost for purchasing is 1.5 KD, while the setup cost for manufacturing is 15 KD. Considering these factors, along with the inventory holding rate of 10%, purchasing the item proves to be the more favorable choice for the company.
To determine the best course of action, we need to compare the costs associated with purchasing and manufacturing the item. Let's begin with the purchasing option. The cost per unit is 8 KD, and the annual demand is 2,500 units. Thus, the total cost of purchasing would be 8 KD multiplied by 2,500 units, which equals 20,000 KD.
On the other hand, if the company decides to manufacture the item, they can produce 10,000 units per year at a cost of 7 KD per unit. This would result in a total manufacturing cost of 7 KD multiplied by 10,000 units, amounting to 70,000 KD.
In addition to the unit costs, we must also consider the associated costs for ordering and setup. When purchasing the item, the ordering cost is 1.5 KD per unit, resulting in a total ordering cost of 1.5 KD multiplied by 2,500 units, which equals 3,750 KD.
For manufacturing, there is a setup cost of 15 KD per manufacturing run. Since the annual demand is 2,500 units, it would require 10 manufacturing runs (10,000 units / 2,500 units) throughout the year, resulting in a total setup cost of 15 KD multiplied by 10 runs, amounting to 150 KD.
Furthermore, the inventory holding rate of 10% needs to be considered. If the company purchases the item, they will need to hold inventory throughout the year. Using the average inventory formula (annual demand divided by 2), the average inventory would be 2,500 units divided by 2, resulting in 1,250 units. With a holding rate of 10%, the holding cost would be 10% multiplied by the average inventory multiplied by the cost per unit, which is 10% multiplied by 1,250 units multiplied by 8 KD, amounting to 10,000 KD.
Comparing the total costs, purchasing the item results in a total cost of 20,000 KD (purchasing cost) plus 3,750 KD (ordering cost) plus 10,000 KD (holding cost), equaling 33,750 KD. On the other hand, manufacturing the item incurs a total cost of 70,000 KD (manufacturing cost) plus 150 KD (setup cost), which equals 70,150 KD.
Considering the costs involved, it is clear that purchasing the item is the more cost-effective option for the company. The total cost of purchasing is significantly lower than the total cost of manufacturing, taking into account the unit costs, ordering costs, setup costs, and inventory holding costs. Therefore, the company should opt to purchase the item rather than manufacturing it.
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Credit unions operate on a common bond principle which emphasizes the depository and lending
needs of credit union members.
true/false
True. Credit unions operate on a common bond principle that emphasizes meeting the depository and lending needs of their members.
Credit unions are financial cooperatives that are owned and operated by their members. One of the fundamental principles of credit unions is the common bond, which refers to a shared characteristic or affiliation among the members. This common bond could be based on factors such as employment, geographical location, or membership in a specific organization or community.
Operating on the common bond principle, credit unions prioritize serving the depository and lending needs of their members. They aim to provide accessible financial services, including savings accounts, loans, and other financial products, to help meet the specific requirements of their member base. This focus on the members' needs distinguishes credit unions from other financial institutions and reflects their commitment to member-centric service.
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From time-to-time, you may hear a criticism that is bantered
about between the workers that employees on a return-to-work
program, such as light-duty, are using the system just to get "out
of work�
From time to time, workers may criticize employees on a return-to-work program, accusing them of using it to avoid work.
However, return-to-work programs, like light-duty assignments, are designed to support employees recovering from an injury or illness. These programs provide necessary accommodations and a structured environment for employees to gradually transition back into their regular job duties. By offering light-duty tasks, employees can regain their strength and capabilities, preventing prolonged absences from work. While there may be isolated cases of exploitation, it is important not to generalize. The majority of individuals on these programs genuinely need the support to recover and reintegrate effectively.
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When is the statement of profit or loss normally completed?
At any time - the order of completion for these two statements is irrelevant
At the same time as the statement of financial position
Before the statement of financial position
After the statement of financial position
The statement of profit or loss is normally completed before the statement of financial position.The statement of profit or loss, also known as the income statement or statement.
Comprehensive income, presents the revenues, expenses, gains, and losses incurred by a company during a specific period. It provides a summary of the company's financial performance, showing whether it has generated a profit or incurred a loss.On the other hand, the statement of financial position, also known as the balance sheet, provides a snapshot of the company's financial position at a specific point in time.
Completing the statement of profit or loss before the statement of financial position allows for the calculation of key financial ratios, such as profitability ratios, which can provide valuable insights into the company's performance. These ratios often require information from both statements, making it practical to complete the statement of profit or loss first.
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After stocks, the addition of more stocks does little to reduce the
portfolio's standard deviation.
10
2
20
5
The statement is false, the addition of more stocks can potentially reduce the portfolio's standard deviation.
The statement is false because adding more stocks to a portfolio can actually help reduce the portfolio's standard deviation. Standard deviation is a measure of the variability or volatility of returns in a portfolio. By diversifying the portfolio through the inclusion of different stocks, the overall risk is spread out, which can lead to a reduction in the portfolio's standard deviation.
When constructing a portfolio, it is important to consider the correlation between stocks. If the stocks in the portfolio have a low correlation or are negatively correlated, the addition of more stocks can lead to a reduction in the overall portfolio's standard deviation. This is because the movements of different stocks tend to offset each other, resulting in a smoother and less volatile overall portfolio return.
However, it is important to note that the benefits of diversification may diminish as the number of stocks in the portfolio increases. Adding more stocks beyond a certain point may not provide significant additional risk reduction. This is known as the principle of diminishing marginal diversification benefits.
Therefore, the statement is false as the addition of more stocks can indeed reduce the portfolio's standard deviation, especially when diversification is properly implemented.
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What do you understand by Business Finance and what roles does
it play in Economic Development of a country?
Business finance refers to the management of money and financial resources within a business or organization. It involves making financial decisions, such as raising capital, investing in assets, managing cash flow, and analyzing financial data to ensure the efficient and effective use of funds.
In the context of economic development, business finance plays several important roles:
1. Investment: Business finance facilitates investment in both physical and human capital. Physical capital refers to the purchase of machinery, equipment, and infrastructure, while human capital refers to the development of skills and knowledge through training and education. These investments contribute to increased productivity and economic growth.
2. Job creation: Business finance enables businesses to expand their operations, invest in new projects, and create job opportunities. This leads to increased employment rates, reduced poverty, and improved living standards in the country. For example, when a company secures financing to open a new factory, it will hire workers, stimulating economic activity and generating income for individuals and families.
3. Innovation and technological advancement: Access to business finance promotes innovation and the adoption of new technologies. Companies can invest in research and development, acquire cutting-edge technologies, and improve production processes. This leads to increased productivity, competitiveness, and economic development. For instance, a technology startup may secure funding to develop a new software solution that improves efficiency in various industries.
4. Economic stability: Business finance plays a vital role in maintaining economic stability. It helps businesses manage risks and uncertainties by providing access to capital during difficult times. For example, during an economic downturn, businesses may require financial assistance to cover operating expenses, pay salaries, and avoid bankruptcy. By supporting businesses in challenging times, business finance helps prevent further economic decline.
5. Government revenue generation: Business finance contributes to government revenue through taxation. As businesses grow and generate profits, they contribute to tax revenues, which can be used to fund public goods and services such as infrastructure development, education, healthcare, and social welfare programs. This enhances the overall economic development of a country.
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Bethany Liang delivers parts for several local auto parts stores. She charges clients $2.45 per mile driven. She has determined that if she drives 2,000 miles in a month, her average operating cost is $2.25 per mile. If Bethany drives 4,000 miles in a month, her average operating cost is $1.50 per mile.
Required: Using the high-low method, determine Bethany’s variable and fixed operating cost components.
Complete the contribution margin income statement for the business last month, when Bethany drove 2,200 miles. (Assume this falls within the relevant range of operations).
Choices:
Cost of goods sold
Fixed costs
Gross Margin
Interest expense
Net Income after taxes
Net operating Income
Sales revenue
Variable costs
Based on the information provided, the high-low method can be used to determine Bethany's variable and fixed operating cost components.Net operating income: $5,389.175 - $1.50 = $5,387.675
To calculate the variable cost per mile, we can use the information from the high and low activity levels. The high activity level is when Bethany drives 4,000 miles and the average operating cost is $1.50 per mile. The low activity level is when Bethany drives 2,000 miles and the average operating cost is $2.25 per mile.
The change in cost is $1.50 - $2.25 = -$0.75 per mile.
The change in activity is 4,000 miles - 2,000 miles = 2,000 miles.
To calculate the variable cost per mile, we divide the change in cost by the change in activity: -$0.75 / 2,000 miles = -$0.000375 per mile.
Since the variable cost per mile is negative, we can ignore the negative sign and conclude that the variable cost per mile is $0.000375.
To calculate the fixed cost component, we can use the high or low activity level and the variable cost per mile.
Using the low activity level of 2,000 miles and the average operating cost of $2.25 per mile, we can calculate the fixed cost component.
Total cost at the low activity level = Variable cost per mile * Number of miles + Fixed cost component.
$2.25 = $0.000375 * 2,000 miles + Fixed cost component.
$2.25 = $0.75 + Fixed cost component.
Fixed cost component = $2.25 - $0.75 = $1.50.
Therefore, the variable cost component is $0.000375 per mile and the fixed cost component is $1.50.
Now let's move on to completing the contribution margin income statement for the business last month when Bethany drove 2,200 miles.
The contribution margin income statement includes the following items:
Sales revenue: This is the total revenue generated from delivering parts. To calculate this, we multiply the number of miles driven (2,200) by the price per mile ($2.45).
Variable costs: This is the total variable cost incurred. To calculate this, we multiply the number of miles driven (2,200) by the variable cost per mile ($0.000375).
Cost of goods sold: This is equal to the variable costs.
Gross margin: This is equal to sales revenue minus the cost of goods sold.
Fixed costs: This is the fixed cost component ($1.50).
Net operating income: This is equal to the gross margin minus the fixed costs.
Net income after taxes: This is the net operating income after deducting taxes, but since no tax information is provided, we cannot calculate this.
The contribution margin income statement for the business last month when Bethany drove 2,200 miles would look like this:
Sales revenue: 2,200 miles * $2.45/mile = $5,390
Variable costs (cost of goods sold): 2,200 miles * $0.000375/mile = $0.825
Gross margin: $5,390 - $0.825 = $5,389.175
Fixed costs: $1.50
Net operating income: $5,389.175 - $1.50 = $5,387.675
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a company is expected to pay a $3.00 per share dividend at the end of the year (i.e., D1 = $3.00). The dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 7% a year. The required rate of return on the stock, rs, is 19%. What is
the stock's current value per share? Round your answer to the nearest cent.
To calculate the stock's current value per share, we can use the Gordon Growth Model, also known as the dividend discount model. This model assumes that the value of a stock is equal to the present value of its future dividends. The formula for the Gordon Growth Model is:
[tex]\[ P_0 = \frac{D_1}{r_s - g} \][/tex]
Where:
[tex]\( P_0 \)[/tex] is the current value per share,
[tex]\( D_1 \)[/tex] is the dividend expected at the end of the year,
[tex]\( r_s \)[/tex] is the required rate of return on the stock, and
[tex]\( g \)[/tex] is the constant growth rate of the dividend.
In this case,[tex]\( D_1 = $3.00 \), \( r_s = 19\% \) (or 0.19 as a decimal), and \( g = 7\% \) (or 0.07 as a decimal).[/tex]
Substituting the values into the formula, we get:
[tex]\[ P_0 = \frac{3.00}{0.19 - 0.07} \][/tex]
Calculating this expression gives us:
[tex]\[ P_0 = \frac{3.00}{0.12} \approx $25.00 \][/tex]
Therefore, the stock's current value per share is approximately $25.00 when rounded to the nearest cent.
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The stock's current value per share is $25.00. This means that at the current price, the stock's expected dividends and growth rate justify the required rate of return of 19%.
To calculate the stock's current value per share, we can use the Gordon Growth Model (also known as the Dividend Discount Model):Current Value per Share (P0) = D1 / (rs - g)
Where:D1 = Expected dividend at the end of the year = $3.00, rs = Required rate of return on the stock = 19% or 0.19 (in decimal), g = Constant growth rate of dividends = 7% or 0.07 (in decimal)
Plugging in the values:P0 = $3.00 / (0.19 - 0.07) = $3.00 / 0.12 = $25.00. Therefore, the stock's current value per share is $25.00. This means that at the current price, the stock's expected dividends and growth rate justify the required rate of return of 19%.
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how to tell if a company uses direct or indirect method
The direct method reports the actual cash inflows and outflows from operating activities, while the indirect method starts with the net income and adjusts it for non-cash items and changes in working capital.
The cash flow statement is a financial statement that shows the inflows and outflows of cash in a company over a specific period. There are two methods commonly used by companies to prepare their cash flow statements: the direct method and the indirect method.
The direct method reports the actual cash inflows and outflows from operating activities. It provides a more detailed and transparent view of the company's cash flows. Under this method, cash receipts from customers and cash payments to suppliers, employees, and other operating expenses are directly reported. However, it requires more effort and information to prepare.
The indirect method starts with the net income and adjusts it for non-cash items and changes in working capital to arrive at the net cash provided by operating activities. It is more commonly used as it is easier to prepare and provides a reconciliation between net income and cash flow from operating activities. Non-cash items such as depreciation and changes in working capital, such as accounts receivable and accounts payable, are added or subtracted to arrive at the net cash provided by operating activities.
To determine which method a company uses, you can refer to the company's financial statements, specifically the cash flow statement. The method used is usually disclosed in the notes to the financial statements or in the statement itself.
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(4) An Arnold Palmer (AP) is a beverage composed of half iced tea (T) and half lemonade (L) poured into one 16 ounce glass (G) (i.e., there are 8 ounces each of T and L per glass). (a) Find the production function for Arnold Palmers (as a function of # of glasses and ounces each of tea and lemonade). (b) Suppose that iced tea and lemonade each cost $0.10 per oz, and glasses cost $1.40 each. Find the cost function for glasses of Arnold Palmers. (c) Suppose you are the (monopoly) seller of APs at the golf course. Find the profitmaximizing number of APs to sell if P(AP)=13−
40
AP
.
The production function for Arnold Palmers can be expressed as: AP = min(G/2, T, L)
a) The production function for Arnold Palmers can be expressed as:
AP = min(G/2, T, L)
This function represents that the number of Arnold Palmers produced is limited by the lowest quantity of iced tea, lemonade, and glasses available.
b) To find the cost function for glasses of Arnold Palmers, we need to consider the cost of iced tea, lemonade, and glasses. Since each ounce of iced tea and lemonade costs $0.10 and each glass costs $1.40, the cost function can be written as:
Cost(AP) = 0.10(T + L) + 1.40(G)
c) To find the profit-maximizing number of Arnold Palmers to sell, we need to maximize the profit function. The profit (π) is given by the difference between total revenue (TR) and total cost (TC).
π = TR - TC
TR = P(AP) * AP
TC = Cost(AP)
Substituting the given price function P(AP) = 13 - 40AP into the profit function, we have:
π = (13 - 40AP) * AP - Cost(AP)
The optimal number of Arnold Palmers to sell can be found maximizing the profit function by taking its derivative with respect to AP, setting it equal to zero, and solving for AP.
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Give an example of a company with a strong organizational culture. How does its management align the company vision and mission with its organizational culture?
Zappos exemplifies a strong organizational culture by aligning its management's vision and mission through a focus on exceptional customer service and cultivating a positive, empowering work environment that values employee happiness.
Zappos is a prime example of a company with a strong organizational culture. Its management aligns the company's vision and mission with its culture by prioritizing customer service and creating a workplace that values employee happiness. They empower employees to deliver exceptional service by providing extensive training and autonomy, while fostering a positive and fun work environment. This alignment ensures that every employee embodies the company's vision of delivering the best customer experience and contributes to a strong and customer-centric organizational culture.
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Determine the missing ending balances for Company B as at December 31/2021
Insurance Expense $ 340,000
Rent Expense 970,000
Sales _______
Net Income 270,000
Cost of Goods Sold 1,900,000
Dividends 0
Assets 500,000
Liabilities 150,000
Capital Stock 80,000
Retained Earnings ________
Total Stockholders' Equity_
Total Stockholders' Equity: $350,000
To determine the missing ending balances for Company B as at December 31, 2021, we can follow these steps:
1. Calculate the Sales: Since we know that Net Income is $270,000 and Cost of Goods Sold is $1,900,000, we can use the formula:
Net Income = Sales - Cost of Goods Sold
Rearranging the formula, we find:
Sales = Net Income + Cost of Goods Sold
Plugging in the values:
Sales = $270,000 + $1,900,000 = $2,170,000
2. Calculate the Retained Earnings: Retained Earnings is the accumulation of a company's net income and losses over time. To find the missing Retained Earnings balance, we can use the formula:
Retained Earnings = Net Income - Dividends
Since Dividends are given as $0, the formula simplifies to:
Retained Earnings = Net Income
Therefore, the Retained Earnings balance is $270,000.
3. Calculate the Total Stockholders' Equity: Total Stockholders' Equity is the sum of Capital Stock and Retained Earnings. We can calculate it using the formula:
Total Stockholders' Equity = Capital Stock + Retained Earnings
Plugging in the values:
Total Stockholders' Equity = $80,000 + $270,000 = $350,000
Therefore, the missing ending balances for Company B as at December 31, 2021 are:
Sales: $2,170,000
Retained Earnings: $270,000
Total Stockholders' Equity: $350,000
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Suppose the supply of money, measured by M1, is $3.2 trillion, output, measured by real GDP, is $19.9 triltion, and the velocity of money is 6.4. Suppose the supply of money increases to $3.8 triltion but GDP and the velocity of money do not change. What is the percent by which prices change? Provide your answer as a percentage rounded to two decimal places. Do not include any symbols, such as " $,"=,=,"%," or "," in your answer. Your Answer: Answer Question 18 Suppose the price level, as measured by the GDP deflator, is 1.15, the supply of money, measured by M1, is $3.6 triltion, and output, measured by real GDP, is $21.0 triltion. What is the velocity of money? Provide your answer as a number rounded to two decimal places. Do not include any symbols, such as "$," "=," "%," or "," in your answer.
Your Answer:
The prices would change by approximately 11.04% when the money supply increases from $3.2 trillion to $3.8 trillion, assuming the velocity of money and GDP remain constant.
According to the quantity equation of money (MV = PQ), where M represents the money supply, V represents the velocity of money, P represents the price level, and Q represents the real output or GDP, we can calculate the percent change in prices.
Given:
Initial M1 = $3.2 trillion
Initial GDP = $19.9 trillion
Initial velocity of money = 6.4
Final M1 = $3.8 trillion
Using the quantity equation, we can rearrange it to solve for the percent change in prices:
Percent change in prices = (Final M1 - Initial M1) / (Initial M1) * (Initial velocity of money) * (Initial GDP) * 100
Substituting the given values:
Percent change in prices = ($3.8 trillion - $3.2 trillion) / ($3.2 trillion) * (6.4) * ($19.9 trillion) * 100
Simplifying the equation:
Percent change in prices = 0.6 / 3.2 * 6.4 * 19.9 * 100
Calculating the answer:
Percent change in prices = 11.04%
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of a healthy economy? An increase in wages Low unemployment Stable prices of goods Worker productivity \& economic productivity are rising
The characteristic that is not typically associated with a healthy economy is "low unemployment."
In a healthy economy, most individuals who are willing and able to work should have employment opportunities. However, it is not necessary for unemployment to be at a low level for an economy to be considered healthy. Unemployment rates can fluctuate depending on various factors such as economic cycles, labor market dynamics, and government policies.
The other three characteristics mentioned—increasing wages, stable prices of goods, and rising worker productivity and economic productivity—are generally considered indicators of a healthy economy. Increasing wages indicate growth and improved living standards, stable prices of goods promote consumer confidence and spending, and rising productivity signifies efficiency and economic growth.
It's important to note that achieving all these characteristics simultaneously can be challenging, and economies often face trade-offs between different indicators.
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In the context of the sevicescape, in the service-delivery system design, which of the following facilities is a part of the spatial layout and functionality? Group of answer choices a) Building facade. b) Company logo on company vehicles. c) Free soft drinks instead of vending machines. d) Room temperature.
The building facade is part of the spatial layout and functionality in the servicescape's service-delivery system design.
In the context of the servicescape, the facility that is a part of the spatial layout and functionality in the service-delivery system design is the building facade (option a). The building facade refers to the external appearance and design of the physical structure where the service is provided. It plays a crucial role in creating a positive first impression and attracting customers. The spatial layout and functionality involve how the physical space is organized, including the arrangement of various elements such as entrances, waiting areas, service counters, seating arrangements, and other customer-facing areas. The building facade contributes to the overall aesthetics, functionality, and branding of the service environment, making it an important aspect of the servicescape.
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During 2024, its first yeat of operations, Ashbaugh industries recorded sales of $21,200.000 and experienced retums of $1,250,000. Returns are accounted for as they occur, with additional estimated returns accrued at the end of the period. Cost of goods sold totaled $14,840,000 pors of salest The compony estimates that 7% of all sales wir be returned. The year-end adjusting journal entry to account for anticipated sales retirns would include a:
During 2024, its first year of operations, Ashbaugh industries recorded sales of $21,200,000 and experienced returns of $1,250,000. The company estimates that 7% of all sales will be returned. Returns are accounted for as they occur, with additional estimated returns accrued at the end of the period. Cost of goods sold totaled $14,840,000.
The year-end adjusting journal entry to account for anticipated sales returns would include a credit to the sales returns account and a debit to the sales returns reserve account.The adjusting entry for sales returns reserve will include a credit to the sales returns account and a debit to the sales returns reserve account. Since Ashbaugh Industries uses the allowance method for accounting for sales returns, this journal entry is necessary.
It establishes an allowance for sales returns, which is a contra account to accounts receivable.To record the estimated sales returns for the current year, a company should prepare an adjusting journal entry at the end of the year. It is a two-step process: first, debit the Sales Returns and Allowances account and credit the Allowance for Sales Returns account, and second, debit the Allowance for Sales Returns account and credit Accounts Receivable for the estimated amount of the sales returns. The amount of estimated sales returns is based on past experience and is adjusted as needed to reflect current conditions.
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A bank receives a new demand deposit of $20,000 and the legal reserve requirement is 40%. Calculate the amount of required reserves based on that deposit.
The required reserves based on the $20,000 deposit with a legal reserve requirement of 40% would be $8,000.
To calculate the amount of required reserves, we need to multiply the deposit amount by the legal reserve requirement. In this case, the deposit is $20,000, and the legal reserve requirement is 40% (or 0.4 as a decimal).
Required Reserves = Deposit Amount * Reserve Requirement
Required Reserves = $20,000 * 0.4
Required Reserves = $8,000
Therefore, the amount of required reserves based on the $20,000 deposit with a legal reserve requirement of 40% is $8,000.
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Independence and Objectivity is one of the sections of attribute standards in the IIA's Standards of the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing.
TRUE OR FALSE?
True. Independence and Objectivity is a section of attribute standards in the IIA's Standards of the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing.
Independence and Objectivity is indeed one of the sections of attribute standards in the IIA's (Institute of Internal Auditors) Standards of the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing. The IIA is a global professional association that provides guidance and standards for the internal auditing profession.
Independence refers to the internal auditors' ability to carry out their duties and express their opinions without interference or influence from individuals or groups within the organization. It ensures that internal auditors are free from conflicts of interest and can provide unbiased and objective assessments of the organization's operations and controls.
Objectivity, on the other hand, relates to the internal auditors' state of mind and their ability to maintain an impartial and unbiased perspective throughout the audit process. It requires internal auditors to exercise professional judgment and provide fair and balanced assessments based on reliable and relevant evidence. Hence, the statement that Independence and Objectivity is one of the sections of attribute standards in the IIA's Standards of the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing is true.
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the dollar is said to appreciate against the euro if
The appreciation of the dollar against the euro means that one dollar can buy more euros than before. It is influenced by factors such as changes in interest rates, economic growth, inflation rates, and market demand.
appreciation of the dollar against the euro
When we say that the dollar appreciates against the euro, it means that the value of the dollar has increased in relation to the euro. In simpler terms, one dollar can now buy more euros than before. This is a favorable situation for individuals or businesses in the United States who want to purchase goods or services from countries that use the euro.
The appreciation of a currency is influenced by various factors. One of the main factors is changes in interest rates. When the interest rates in the United States are higher than those in the eurozone, it attracts foreign investors who want to earn higher returns on their investments. This increases the demand for dollars, causing its value to rise.
economic growth is another factor that can lead to the appreciation of a currency. When the United States experiences strong economic growth, it attracts foreign investors who want to take advantage of the opportunities available. This increases the demand for dollars, leading to its appreciation against the euro.
inflation rates also play a role in currency appreciation. If the United States has lower inflation rates compared to the eurozone, it makes the dollar more attractive to investors as their purchasing power is preserved. This can lead to an increase in the value of the dollar.
market demand and investor sentiment also impact currency appreciation. If there is a high demand for dollars due to factors such as political stability or positive economic outlook, it can lead to the appreciation of the dollar against the euro.
In summary, the appreciation of the dollar against the euro means that the value of the dollar has increased in relation to the euro. This can be influenced by factors such as changes in interest rates, economic growth, inflation rates, and market demand.
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in which stage of the new product development process was anki in when it began its prelaunch campaign using the kickstarter community?
Anki's prelaunch campaign using the Kickstarter community can be considered as part of the product development process's "Market Testing" stage.
Market testing typically occurs after the product concept has been developed and the company wants to gauge consumer interest and gather feedback before proceeding with full-scale production and launch. By utilizing Kickstarter, Anki was able to test the market demand for its product, gather early adopters, and secure funding to support the production and launch of their product. Kickstarter campaigns allow companies to showcase their product concept, generate excitement, and receive financial backing from potential customers.
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Please help answering this question Allegience Insurance Company’s management is considering an advertising program that would require an initial expenditure of $168,810 and bring in additional sales over the next five years. The projected additional sales revenue in year 1 is $77,000, with associated expenses of $26,000. The additional sales revenue and expenses from the advertising program are projected to increase by 10 percent each year. Allegience’s tax rate is 30 percent. (Hint: The $168,810 advertising cost is an expense.) Use Appendix A for your reference. (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided.)
Required: 1. Compute the payback period for the advertising program.
2. Calculate the advertising program’s net present value, assuming an after-tax hurdle rate of 10 percent. (Round your intermediate calculations and final answer to the nearest whole dollar.)
The advertising program's net present value (NPV) is $67,559 (rounded to the nearest whole dollar) assuming an after-tax hurdle rate of 10 percent.
To compute the payback period for the advertising program, we need to determine the time it takes for the cumulative cash inflows to equal or exceed the initial expenditure. Here's how to calculate it:
Step 1: Calculate the net cash inflows for each year.
Year 1:
Additional sales revenue: $77,000
Associated expenses: $26,000
Net cash inflow: $77,000 - $26,000 = $51,000
Year 2:
Net cash inflow for Year 1: $51,000
Increase of 10%: $51,000 * 0.10 = $5,100
Net cash inflow: $51,000 + $5,100 = $56,100
Year 3:
Net cash inflow for Year 2: $56,100
Increase of 10%: $56,100 * 0.10 = $5,610
Net cash inflow: $56,100 + $5,610 = $61,710
Year 4:
Net cash inflow for Year 3: $61,710
Increase of 10%: $61,710 * 0.10 = $6,171
Net cash inflow: $61,710 + $6,171 = $67,881
Year 5:
Net cash inflow for Year 4: $67,881
Increase of 10%: $67,881 * 0.10 = $6,788.1
Net cash inflow: $67,881 + $6,788.1 = $74,669.1
Step 2: Calculate the cumulative net cash inflows.
Cumulative net cash inflow for Year 1: $51,000
Cumulative net cash inflow for Year 2: $51,000 + $56,100 = $107,100
Cumulative net cash inflow for Year 3: $107,100 + $61,710 = $168,810
Cumulative net cash inflow for Year 4: $168,810 + $67,881 = $236,691
Cumulative net cash inflow for Year 5: $236,691 + $74,669.1 = $311,360.1
Step 3: Determine the payback period.
The payback period is the time it takes for the cumulative net cash inflows to equal or exceed the initial expenditure.
In this case, the cumulative net cash inflows reach $311,360.1 in Year 5, which exceeds the initial expenditure of $168,810.
Therefore, the payback period for the advertising program is 5 years.
To calculate the net present value (NPV) of the advertising program, assuming an after-tax hurdle rate of 10 percent, we need to discount the net cash inflows to their present value and then subtract the initial expenditure. Here's how to calculate it:
Step 1: Calculate the discounted net cash inflows for each year.
Year 1:
Discounted net cash inflow: $51,000 / (1 + 0.10) = $46,363.64
Year 2:
Discounted net cash inflow: $56,100 / (1 + 0.10)^2 = $46,595.04
Year 3:
Discounted net cash inflow: $61,710 / (1 + 0.10)^3 = $47,056.62
Year 4:
Discounted net cash inflow: $67,881 / (1 + 0.10)^4 = $47,733.08
Year 5:
Discounted net cash inflow: $74,669.1 / (1 + 0.10)^5 = $48,620.25
Step 2: Calculate the NPV.
NPV = Sum of discounted net cash inflows - Initial expenditure
NPV = $46,363.64 + $46,595.04 + $47,056.62 + $47,733.08 + $48,620.25 - $168,810
NPV = $236,368.63 - $168,810
NPV = $67,558.63
Therefore, the advertising program's net present value (NPV) is $67,559 (rounded to the nearest whole dollar) assuming an after-tax hurdle rate of 10 percent.
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A cover letter targeting a company with the below job description-
Plan and coordinate project activities related to organizational requirements or changes
Act as an intermediary between I.T., users, and managers from different hierarchical levels
Obtain requirements from business communities using techniques such as informational interviews and work sessions
Analyze complex needs, and information obtained from various sources, details the high-level information and provide users with recommendations for their problems
Document requirements obtained from the business community using defined templates
Ensure the link between the business units, the technology teams and the support team
Act as PO if required
Organize and facilitate working sessions with experts from different fields
Responsible for improving productivity and reducing risks and high costs through effective analysis
Identify the need for change to assess and communicate the impact
Support the Quality Assurance team during Test Planning and Execution
A cover letter for a position that aligns with the job description you provided should highlight your skills and experiences related to project planning, coordination, and analysis. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to structure your cover letter:
1. Start by introducing yourself and expressing your interest in the position. Mention the specific job title and company name.
2. Explain how you have planned and coordinated project activities in the past. Provide examples of projects you have worked on, detailing your role and the outcomes achieved.
3. Emphasize your ability to act as a bridge between I.T., users, and managers of different levels. Highlight your communication and interpersonal skills, which allow you to gather requirements through techniques like informational interviews and work sessions.
4. Describe your expertise in analyzing complex needs and information from various sources. Explain how you provide high-level information and recommendations to solve problems for users.
5. Mention your proficiency in documenting requirements using defined templates. Provide examples of how you have effectively documented requirements in the past.
6. Highlight your experience in ensuring effective collaboration between business units, technology teams, and support teams. Explain how you facilitate working sessions with experts from different fields.
7. Discuss your responsibility in improving productivity, reducing risks, and minimizing costs through effective analysis. Give examples of how you have achieved these goals in previous roles.
8. Explain your ability to identify the need for change and communicate its impact. Mention instances where you have successfully managed change initiatives.
9. Lastly, mention your support for the Quality Assurance team during test planning and execution. Highlight your attention to detail and commitment to quality.
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The demand and supply schedules in a market are given by D(p) =
6 - p and S(p) = - 3 + 2 p. The government imposed a tax of 0.6 per
unit of quantity bought or sold. 1) What is the net price that
suppl
The net price that suppliers receive after the tax is 2.6.
To determine the net price received by suppliers after the tax, we need to consider the impact of the tax on the supply and demand equilibrium.
The supply function is given by S(p) = -3 + 2p, and the demand function is given by D(p) = 6 - p.
When a tax of 0.6 per unit is imposed, it affects both the buyers and sellers. The tax can be seen as an increase in the cost for sellers and a decrease in the price received by buyers.
To find the new equilibrium price, we need to consider the effects of the tax on both the supply and demand curves. The tax increases the cost for sellers, effectively shifting the supply curve upwards by the amount of the tax.
The new supply curve, taking into account the tax, becomes S(p) = -3 + 2p - 0.6.
To find the equilibrium price after the tax, we need to determine the price at which the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied. This occurs when D(p) = S(p).
Setting D(p) = S(p), we have 6 - p = -3 + 2p - 0.6.
Combining like terms, we get 3p = 9.6
Dividing both sides by 3, we find p = 3.2.
Therefore, the equilibrium price after the tax is 3.2.
To determine the net price received by suppliers after the tax, we need to subtract the tax rate (0.6) from the equilibrium price:
Net Price = Equilibrium Price - Tax Rate = 3.2 - 0.6 = 2.6.
Hence, the net price that suppliers receive after the tax is 2.6.
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Compelt Question:
The demand and supply schedules in a market are given by D(p) = 6 - p and S(p) = - 3 + 2 p. The government imposed a tax of 0.6 per unit of quantity bought or sold. 1) What is the net price that suppliers receive? (
2.8
2.6
3.54
7.90
Be Safe Security believes it can sell 15,000 home security devices per year at $28 a piece. They cost $19 each to manufacture (variable cost). Fixed production costs will run $30,000 per year. The necessary equipment costs $180,000 to buy and will be depreciated at a 25 percent CCA rate. The equipment will have zero salvage value after the five-year life of the project. When this project is over, there will still be other assets in the CCA class. Be Safe will need to invest $42,500 in net working capital up front, but no additional net working capital investment will be necessary. The discount rate is 18 percent, and the tax rate is 40 percent.
a. Calculate the NPV. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places. Omit $ sign in your response.)
NPV $
b. Should the equipment be bought?
Answer:
Explanation:
To calculate the NPV (Net Present Value), we need to determine the cash flows associated with the project and discount them to their present value. Let's calculate the NPV step by step:
Step 1: Calculate the annual cash inflows:
Annual revenue from sales = 15,000 devices * $28/device = $420,000
Step 2: Calculate the annual cash outflows:
Variable cost per device = $19
Fixed production costs = $30,000
Annual cash outflows = (Variable cost per device * Number of units) + Fixed production costs
= ($19 * 15,000) + $30,000
= $285,000
Step 3: Calculate the depreciation expense:
Depreciation rate = 25% (CCA rate)
Depreciation expense = Equipment cost * Depreciation rate
= $180,000 * 0.25
= $45,000
Step 4: Calculate the annual tax savings due to depreciation:
Tax savings = Depreciation expense * Tax rate
= $45,000 * 0.40
= $18,000
Step 5: Calculate the annual cash flows:
Annual cash flows = Annual revenue - Annual cash outflows + Tax savings
= $420,000 - $285,000 + $18,000
= $153,000
Step 6: Calculate the present value of annual cash flows:
Discount rate = 18%
Number of years = 5
Present value factor for 5 years at 18% = 1 / (1 + Discount rate)^Number of years
= 1 / (1 + 0.18)^5
= 1 / (1.18)^5
= 0.49718
Present value of annual cash flows = Annual cash flows * Present value factor
= $153,000 * 0.49718
= $76,059.54
Step 7: Calculate the initial investment and salvage value:
Initial investment = Equipment cost + Net working capital
= $180,000 + $42,500
= $222,500
Salvage value = 0 (given)
Step 8: Calculate the NPV:
NPV = Present value of annual cash flows - Initial investment
= $76,059.54 - $222,500
= -$146,440.46
a. The NPV of the project is -$146,440.46.
b. Since the NPV is negative, the equipment should not be bought. A negative NPV indicates that the project's cash outflows exceed its cash inflows, resulting in a net loss. Therefore, it is not a financially viable investment decision.
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Select a company that you might consider as a strategic partner to business. Make use of previously notes from your chapter readings, and conduct additional research besides your textbook to obtain the information you need to answer the questions below.
Answer the following questions:
1.Dscribe how your company might have started as a sole proprietorship or a partnership. Explain the factors that may have influenced you and the owners to select this form of business organization.
2.If the company becomes a multinational corporation, what benefits and problems will result?
3.Discribe appropriate international opportunities for the company. What products and services would be most appropriate for different geographic regions? What economic, cultural, legal or political influences must the company consider?
4.Which of the methods described in chapter 5, page 126, figure 5-5 would be appropriate for the company to use for international business activities?
5.Explain the possible use of two or more of these methods for getting involved in international business.
1. To determine whether your company started as a sole proprietorship or a partnership, consider the factors that may have influenced you and the owners. Some factors to consider include the level of control and decision-making authority desired, the availability of financial resources, and the potential liability risks. For example, if you wanted full control over the business and had sufficient resources, you might have chosen a sole proprietorship. Alternatively, if you wanted to share responsibilities and resources, a partnership could have been chosen.
2. When a company becomes a multinational corporation, it can benefit from increased market access, economies of scale, and diversification. These benefits can lead to higher profits and growth opportunities. However, multinational corporations also face challenges such as cultural differences, language barriers, legal complexities, and political instability.
Managing operations in different countries requires effective communication, adaptation to local markets, compliance with regulations, and dealing with currency fluctuations.
3. Identifying appropriate international opportunities for your company involves considering factors such as product suitability, market demand, economic conditions, cultural norms, legal requirements, and political stability. Different geographic regions may have unique preferences and needs, so it's important to customize your products or services accordingly.
For example, a food company might consider introducing region-specific flavors or adapting packaging to local preferences. Additionally, economic factors like income levels and market saturation, cultural norms, legal regulations, and political stability should also be considered.
4. Among the methods described in Chapter 5, page 126, Figure 5-5, the appropriate method for international business activities will depend on various factors, including the company's resources, market conditions, and strategic goals. It may include exporting, licensing, franchising, joint ventures, strategic alliances, or foreign direct investment (FDI).
Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the company should carefully analyze which method aligns best with its objectives and resources.
5. Companies can utilize multiple methods to get involved in international business. For example, a company might initially start with exporting to establish a presence in a foreign market. Once they gain familiarity and success, they may consider licensing their technology or entering into a joint venture with a local partner to leverage their expertise and resources.
This approach allows the company to gradually expand its international activities while mitigating risks and capitalizing on opportunities. However, the selection of methods should be based on careful analysis of market conditions, legal requirements, and the company's long-term goals.
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A firm will earn zero profits if:
Group of answer choices
a.) price equals marginal cost.
b.) price equals average variable cost.
c.) price equals total cost.
d.) price equals average cost.
Therefore, the correct answer is a.) price equals marginal cost.
In economics, a firm will earn zero profits when the price of a good or service equals its marginal cost. This condition arises in a perfectly competitive market where firms aim to maximize their profits. When the price is equal to the marginal cost, it means that the additional revenue generated from selling one more unit is exactly equal to the additional cost of producing that unit. At this point, the firm is covering all its variable costs and there is no extra profit left to be made. If the price falls below the marginal cost, the firm would start incurring losses. On the other hand, if the price exceeds the marginal cost, the firm would earn positive profits.
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What is the yield-to-maturity of a corporate bond with a 3-year maturity, 5 percent coupon (semi-annual payments), a $1,000 face value, if the bond sold for $978.30?
If the bond is callable after 1 year at 102, what is the yield-to-call?
A. The yield-to-maturity of the corporate bond is approximately 5.6 percent. B. The yield-to-call, it is approximately 6.4 percent.
Bond Price = (Coupon Payment / (1 + Yield)^1) + (Coupon Payment / (1 + Yield)^2) + ... + (Coupon Payment + Face Value / (1 + Yield)^n)
where Bond Price is the current price of the bond, Coupon Payment is the periodic interest payment, Yield is the yield-to-maturity, and n is the number of periods until maturity.
In this case, the bond has a 3-year maturity, with semi-annual coupon payments and a face value of $1,000. The coupon rate is 5 percent, which means the bond pays $25 every 6 months (5 percent of $1,000 divided by 2). The bond is currently selling for $978.30.
Plugging in the values into the formula, we can solve for the yield-to-maturity:
$978.30 = ($25 / (1 + Yield/2)^1) + ($25 / (1 + Yield/2)^2) + ($25 / (1 + Yield/2)^3) + ($1,025 / (1 + Yield/2)^6)
Simplifying this equation and using trial-and-error or a financial calculator, we find that the yield-to-maturity is approximately 5.6 percent.
Now, let's calculate the yield-to-call. The bond is callable after 1 year at 102, which means the issuer has the option to call back the bond after 1 year and pay bondholders 102 percent of the face value ($1,020). To calculate the yield-to-call, we use a similar formula but replace the face value in the last term with the call price:
$978.30 = ($25 / (1 + Yield/2)^1) + ($25 / (1 + Yield/2)^2) + ($25 / (1 + Yield/2)^3) + ($1,020 / (1 + Yield/2)^2)
Simplifying this equation and solving for the yield-to-call, we find that it is approximately 6.4 percent.
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Consider the Digital Library Management System shown in Q1. a) In order to make the system dependable, what are the principal properties that are needed to be considered? b) Do you consider the above
a) In order to make the Digital Library Management System dependable, several principal properties need to be considered. These properties include:
1) Reliability: The system should consistently perform its intended functions correctly and accurately, without failure or errors. It should be able to handle various user requests and operations reliably.
2) Availability: The system should be available for use whenever it is needed. It should minimize downtime and ensure that users can access the digital library and its resources without interruption.
3) Security: The system should protect the digital library's resources, user data, and sensitive information from unauthorized access, modification, or theft. It should implement appropriate security measures such as user authentication, data encryption, and access control.
4) Maintainability: The system should be easy to maintain and update. It should support efficient troubleshooting, bug fixing, and regular software updates to ensure its continued reliability and functionality.
5) Scalability: The system should be capable of handling a growing number of users, digital resources, and concurrent requests without significant performance degradation. It should scale up or down as needed to accommodate increasing demands.
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Patel and Sons Inc. uses a standard cost system to apply factory overhead costs to units produced. Practical capacity for the plant is defined as 50,100 machine hours per year, which represents 25,050 units of output. Annual budgeted fixed factory overhead costs are $250,500 and the budgeted variable factory overhead cost rate is $2.00 per unit. Factory overhead costs are applied on the basis of standard machine hours allowed for units produced. Budgeted and actual output for the year was 18,500 units, which took 39,100 machine hours. Actual fixed factory overhead costs for the year amounted to $246,100 while the actual variable overhead cost per unit was $1.90. Based on the information provided above, calculate the following factory overhead variances for the year. Indicate whether each variance is favorable (F) or unfavorable (U). (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answers to nearest whole dollar amount.)
Patel and Sons Inc. uses a standard cost system to apply factory overhead costs to units produced. Factory Overhead Variances for the Year is $4,400 (F). Variable Factory Overhead Variance is $1,850 (F). Total Factory Overhead Variance is $6,250 (F).
The fixed factory overhead variance is favorable (F) because the actual fixed factory overhead costs were lower than the budgeted amount. This indicates that the company was able to control its fixed overhead costs effectively.
Factory Overhead Variances for the Year: Fixed Factory Overhead Variance:
Budgeted Fixed Factory Overhead - Actual Fixed Factory Overhead
$250,500 - $246,100 = $4,400 (F)
The variable factory overhead variance is also favorable (F) because the actual variable overhead cost per unit was lower than the budgeted rate. This suggests that the company was able to reduce its variable overhead costs per unit of output.
Variable Factory Overhead Variance:
Budgeted Variable Factory Overhead - Actual Variable Factory Overhead
($2.00 per unit × 18,500 units) - ($1.90 per unit × 18,500 units)
$37,000 - $35,150 = $1,850 (F)
The total factory overhead variance is favorable (F) because both the fixed and variable overhead variances are favorable. This implies that the company achieved cost savings in both fixed and variable overhead costs, resulting in overall lower factory overhead costs compared to the budgeted amount.
Total Factory Overhead Variance:
Fixed Factory Overhead Variance + Variable Factory Overhead Variance
$4,400 (F) + $1,850 (F) = $6,250 (F)
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