A generalized eukaryotic plant cell plays simple capabilities required to attend to plants. it is a large number of organelles which are structurally supported with the aid of using the cell membrane, that's out of doors of the mobileular wall.
In the mobileular membrane, organelles like chloroplasts assist to facilitate photosynthesis. A mobileular that is non-photosynthetic, like a prokaryotic bacterium, would not require chloroplasts to function. The prokaryote is normally simpler, requiring minimum organelles to survive. that is frequently because, as stated before, it needs much less energy.
It possesses DNA for the intention of containing genetic material, ribosomes to make proteins, a mobileular membrane and mobileular wall to protect the mobileular from its surroundings. While prokaryotes have other components, the ones indexed above are that which can also additionally also be observed in plant cells. apart from that, the nonphotosynthetic prokaryotic mobileular needs tons much less energy, making it tons smaller and some distance much less difficult than the generalized eukaryotic mobileular.
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Which of the following effects of climate changes poses the greatest threat to the Pacific region?
A.
rising sea levels
B.
lower average temperatures
C.
drought
D.
increased rainfall
Answer: Answer is A. Rising Sea levels.
Explanation:
An average sea level rise of between 25 cm – 58 cm is predicted by the middle of this century along the coastlines of Pacific Island countries, which would be devastating for islands that sit at or just above sea level. If global temperatures increase 2degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels, as is becoming increasingly likely, it is estimated that 90% of the coral reefs in much of the Pacific Island region could suffer severe degradation, which will have a devastating effect on the marine species that depend upon these ecosystems.
Which component of eukaryotic cells is critical for the correct sorting and transport of proteins?.
Protein and lipid production, processing, and movement within the cell all depend on the endomembrane system. An endomembrane system is a collection of compartments that cooperate to classify, identify, and package various proteins and chemicals.
The nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes, and plasma membrane make up the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells. The right response is thus "Golgi bodies. "The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ([link]) is a collection of mesh worked sacs and tubules that work together to manufacture lipids and modify proteins. The rough ER and the smooth ER, respectively, are where these two tasks are carried out in the ER. The lumen or cisternal space refers to the hollow area of the ER tubules. The nuclear envelope and the phospholipid bilayer that makes up the ER membrane are one continuous membrane.
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Suggest why the temptation of baby food must be controlled by enzymes added .?
The temptation of baby meals needs to be controlled through enzymes introduced because enzymes manually modify the metabolism of a mobile, they have a tendency to be carefully controlled.
Enzymes play foremost roles in baby meal production, ranging from improving the flavor, solubility, and digestibility of vitamins in infant foods. Enzymes have additionally been used to produce a few useful elements that are added to infant foods.
That is distinctly crucial in keeping homeostasis, permitting cells to respond in controlled methods to changes in each internal and outside condition. Inhibition of particular enzymes with the aid of drugs also can be medically beneficial.
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If a mutation rendered the signal recognition particle nonfunctional, what would be the most obvious effect on the cell?.
If a mutation rendered the signal recognition particle nonfunctional, translation would not have been completed for most of the proteins.
What is mutation and what would be the effect on cell if mutation rendered the signal recognition particle nonfunctional?Mutation is the alternation in the sequences of DNA or RNA whatever is the genetic complement of the body.There are certain kind of mutation, namely point mutation , frame shift mutation and the one caused by mutagen.Mutagen are the agents causing such sudden genetic change such as physical and chemical agents.Here the question is asked of if mutation rendered the signal recognition particle nonfunctional what would be the effect on the cell.The translation would not have been completed for most of the organisms if a mutation rendered the signal recognition.To know more about mutation visit:
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regarding the mn blood type locus: the m and n alleles code for answer on the blood cell surface. the m allele is answer to the n allele. a population was scored for the mn locus with the following results: 25% are type m, 60% are type mn and 15% are type n. what is the frequency of the m allele in this population?
The frequency for the m allele in this population is 0.5.
What is the frequency of the m allele in this population?
The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that if p and q are the allele frequencies in a population that has two alleles at a certain locus, then p 2, 2pq, and q are the anticipated genotype frequencies.
At the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, (p+q)² = p² + 2pq + q² = 1.
Frequency of m = p²
25/100 = p²
√25/100 = p
5/10 = p
0.5 = p
Hence, the frequency of m allele is 0.5
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what takes place across the respiratory membrane? oxygen diffuses from the air in the alveolus across the respiratory membrane into the blood in the pulmonary capillary.
At the respiratory membrane, in which the alveolar and capillary partitions meet, gases flow throughout the membranes, with oxygen getting into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide exiting. It is thru this mechanism that blood is oxygenated and carbon dioxide, the waste made from mobile respiration, is eliminated from the body.
In a system known as diffusion, oxygen movements from the alveoli to the blood via the capillaries (tiny blood vessels) lining the alveolar partitions. Once withinside the bloodstream, oxygen receives picked up through the hemoglobin in purple blood cells.
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Questi 21 of 32
Which of the following structures is found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic
cells?
A. Mitochondrion
B. Lysosome
C. Cytoplasm
OD. Nucleus
SUBMIT
the red bone marrow has two different types of stem cells that can differentiate into blood cells. these stem cells are .
Two separate types of stem cells that can develop into blood cells are present in the red bone marrow. Myeloid and lymphoid stem cells make up these stem cells.
Stem cells are the building blocks from which all other cells with specific roles are derived in the body.
Lymphoblasts, a type of blood stem cell in the bone marrow, evolve into lymphocytes, mature, infection-fighting cells. The primary cells that make up lymphoid tissue, a significant component of the immune system, are lymphocytes. The lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland, tonsils, and adenoids all include lymphoid tissue.
A type of blood cell called a myeloid cell develops in the bone marrow. A myeloid cell will assume a specific role as a basophil, macrophage, eosinophil, erythrocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, or platelet as it develops into an adult blood cell.
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If you wanted to find support for the idea that all living things are composed of cells, what evidence would you need to gather?.
You should collect samples of various living things and analyse them under a microscope to detect the existence of cells as evidence if you wish to find proof that all living things are made up of cells.
The smallest component of a living entity is a cell. An organism is anything that is alive, including you. Therefore, the fundamental unit of all organisms is the cell. In multicellular organisms, a number of cells of the same kind interact with one another and carry out shared functions to form tissues (such as muscle tissue, connective tissue, and nervous tissue), a number of tissues come together to form an organ (such as the stomach, heart, or brain), and a number of organs make up an organ system (such as the gastrointestinal (GI), cardiovascular (CV), or nervous systems). Together, various systems compose an organism (such as an elephant, for example).
Many different cell types can be found, and they are all divided into one of two main categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Eukaryotic cells include those found in animals, plants, fungi, and protists, whereas prokaryotic cells include those found in bacteria and archaea.
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In the example in the animation, uracil is incorrectly paired with guanine. What is the effect on the dna sequence if base excision repair does not remove the uracil and dna replication is allowed to proceed?
Mutation will occur in the DNA sequence if base excision repair does not remove the uracil and DNA replication is allowed to proceed.
What occurs when DNA damage is not repaired prior to replication?DNA's stability and integrity are crucial to life since it houses each live cell's genetic information. However, DNA is not inert; rather, it is a chemical structure that can be harmed by the environment. If the damage is not repaired, it can result in mutation and even disease.
What occurs if nucleotide excision repair is unsuccessful?Base excision repair (BER) is in charge of repairing broken DNA bases, including those left over after oxidative damage, deamination, and SSBs. Point mutations may occur as a result of these lesions not being repaired.
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which group of proteins work in opposition to maintain the repressed and active transcription states of parent cells in daughter cells?
DNA methylation controls gene expression by either attracting proteins that are involved in gene repression or by preventing transcription factor(s) from binding to DNA.
What proteins have transcription control?Transcription factors (TFs) are regulatory proteins that bind to certain DNA regions to activate (or, less frequently, inhibit) DNA transcription. With up to 106-fold more affinity for their target sequences than for the rest of the DNA strand, TFs have distinct DNA-binding domains.
How do methyl groups influence the expression of genes?
DNA methylation controls gene expression by either attracting proteins that are involved in gene repression or by preventing transcription factor(s) from binding to DNA.
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while the semilunar valves are open during a normal cardiac cycle, the pressure in the left ventricle is
Using the theories of ventricle, we got that the pressure in the left ventricle is higher than the pressure in the aorta while the semilunar valves are open during a normal cardiac cycle.
The semilunar valves open when ventricular muscle contracts and generates blood pressure within the ventricle higher than within arterial tree, When the pressure in left ventricle exceeds the pressure in the aorta, ventricular ejection phase d, pulmonary semilunar valve will open, the semilunar valves open, the ventricular filling phase b, The semilunar (aortic and pulmonary) valves open at the beginning of this phase of the ventricular systole.
Hence, while the semilunar valves are open during a normal cardiac cycle, the pressure in the left ventricle is higher than the pressure in the aorta.
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During dna replication, which enzyme removes the rna primers and then fills in the gap?.
During DNA replication DNA polymerase I removes the RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides. completing DNA replication Gaps are filled by DNA pol I by adding dNTPs.
What is DNA replication ?DNA replication can be defines as the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. Replication is an essential process because, whenever a cell divides, the two new daughter cells must contain the same genetic information. So An enzyme are called DNA polymerase next begins replicating the DNA by matching bases to the original strand. Once synthesis is complete, the RNA primers are replaced with DNA, and any gaps between newly synthesized DNA segments are sealed together with enzymes.
Therefore DNA polymerase I removes the RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotide.
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two flowering plants are crossed. the offspring flower as follows: 25% white and 75% red. what pattern of inheritance does flower color in these flowers follow?
The pattern of inheritance the offspring of flower plants with 25% white and 75% red flower color will be: complete dominant.
Inheritance is the phenomenon of transmission of genes from parents to offspring. Genes are the basic unit of heredity. They carry the information to be encoded in the form of proteins. These proteins are responsible for the display of certain traits.
Complete dominance is where the effect of the dominant allele is not masked up due to the presence of another allele with recessive character. The allele can show its trait unaffectedly even in heterozygous condition. The phenotypic ratio of offspring for complete dominance is 3:1.
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What is the sequence of the 5’ end of the mrna transcribed from this prokaryotic gene?.
The correct answer is option D.
The sequence of the 5’ end of the mRNA transcribed from the prokaryotic gene is UAGA.
Messenger RNA abbreviates as mRNA is a single stranded ribosomal nucleic acid that is responsible for protein manufacturing inside body.
During the process of transcription, when a template of DNA is transcribed it leads to the formation of mRNA.
The main function of mRNA is to carry the necessary protein information from DNA to the cytoplasm of the cell where protein manufacturing machinery identifies the information and translates the sequence into a codon.
To put it simply, mRNA translates the genome sequence information through coding in DNA.
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The complete question is:
What is the sequence of the 5’ end of the mRNA transcribed from this prokaryotic gene?
a. TTGA b. UUGA c. TAGA d. UAGA
The ------- is a type of regulator protein that binds to a region of DNA in the promoter of a gene called the operator and prevents transcription from taking place.
repressor
The operator is bound by the repressor regulator protein, which stops the structural gene from being transcribed. 20
According to genomics, a gene's promoter is the area of DNA upstream of it where important proteins, such RNA polymerase & transcription factors, attach to start the gene's transcription. Any protein that affects the sections of a DNA molecule that RNA polymerase transcribes during transcription is referred to as a regulatory protein (gene-regulatory protein). As a result, these proteins, which also include transcription factors, aid in regulating the cellular production of proteins. Proteins known as transcription factors interact either activate / repress the translation of a certain gene by binding to enhancer / promoter regions. The majority of transcription factors have DNA sequences they can bind to. Based on structural similarity, these protein can be categorized into families.
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The adrenal medulla is important to the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system because.
The adrenal medulla is important to the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system because it is a source of catecholamines.
Hormones of the adrenal medulla are the catecholamines, that also function as classical neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system. Adrenal medulla is modified as neural tissue and its activity is governed by a neural input.
Adrenal medulla, is a modified ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system, they also secretes norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood and response to neural signals directed via sympathetic nerve pathways coming via the spinal cord.
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pls answer this asap
What are 6 conditions that allow bacteria to grow in food?.
Bacteria want moisture so one can grow. that is why they grow on meals with excessive moisture content such as fowl. meals that are dehydrated or freeze-dried may be stored for a whole lot longer as the moisture has been eliminated. food – meals afford electricity and nutrients for micro organism to develop.
Bacteria reproduce by way of splitting into two. This manner is known as binary fission and the time taken between every department (technology time) varies notably depending on, among different matters, temperature and the nutrients (meals) to be had.
A bacterial contamination happens when bacteria input the frame, growth in variety, and cause a response inside the frame. bacteria can enter the frame through an opening for your pores and skin, consisting of a reduce or a surgical wound, or via your airway and reason infections like bacterial pneumonia.
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In a gro
group, the gene for the Bekko patterning trait has
patterning (B) is dominant over the allele for not having Bekko patterning (b).
The Punnett square below shows a cross between two koi fish. Consider the phenotypes of
the offspring shown. Select one box that represents offspring that do not have Bekko
patterning.
B
b
b
Bb
bb
b
Bb
bb
The box with the recessive trait b that is bb do not have Bekko patterning..
By experimenting with pea plant breeding, Mendel evolved 3 standards of inheritance that defined the transmission of genetic traits, earlier than absolutely everyone knew genes existed. Mendel's perception substantially elevated the information of genetic inheritance, and caused the improvement of recent experimental methods.
Gregor Mendel, via his paintings on pea plants, located the essential legal guidelines of inheritance. He deduced that genes are available pairs and are inherited as awesome units, one from every parent. Mendel tracked the segregation of parental genes and their look withinside the offspring as dominant or recessive traits.
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describe the contractile force of the muscle when a stimulus of increasing strength was applied to the muscle
Muscle contraction is the activation of tension generating sites within muscle cells.
What are contractile force of muscles?At roughly 60% of resting length, contractile force is zero; at about 90% of resting length, it increases; at about 120%–130% of resting length, it reaches its maximum; and at about 160% of resting length, it returns to zero.
Actomyosin networks, which are made up of force-transmitting actin structures and force-generating myosin motors, are the main part of the cellular contractile force machinery.
The amount of force that muscle fibers produce is managed by a motor neuron. The rate code and the size principle are the two principles that control the link between motor neuron activity and muscle force.
Later in muscle stimulation, when contractile strength increases, motor units with larger, less excitable neurons are used. Enhancing a muscle's ability to contract
Muscle contraction is the activation of tension generating sites within muscle cells.
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drag the labels to complete each of the sentences that discuss the relationship between mhc molecules and endogenous and exogenous antigens.
MHC I antigen presentation typically involves the endogenous pathway of antigen processing and MHC II antigen presentation involves the exogenous pathway of antigen processing.
What are antigens in the immune system?Antigens are substances present on the surface of cells i.e., viruses, fungi, or bacteria. Antigens can also be non-living substances such as toxins, chemicals, drugs, and foreign objects (such as debris). An antigen is a substance that causes the immune system to produce antibodies against it. The immune system recognizes and destroys, or attempts to destroy, substances that contain antigens. This means that the immune system recognize the substance and tries to fight it off. Why is MHC called an antigen and is MHC endogenous or exogenous?The MHC gene (called the H-2 complex in mice) was first recognized in 1937 as a barrier to transplantation in mice. In humans, these genes are often called human leukocyte antigens (HLA). This is because these genes were originally discovered due to antigenic differences between leukocytes from different individuals.Class I MHC molecules (MHC-I) primarily present endogenous antigens. H. Antigens present in the cytosol and subject to cytosolic processing mechanisms, including the conventional MHC-I processing pathway. MHC II molecules associate with exogenous antigens that are internalized by endocytosis. However, exogenous antigens can also enter her MHC-I pathway of her APCs through a process called 'cross-presentation'.To learn more about antigens visit:
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External Conditions and Algal Reproduction
HELPPPPP PLSSSSSS
1. In many situations, algal reproduction is affected by external conditions. Look at this graph of hypothetical data that compares the growth rate of S. platensis over a period of 5 days when exposed to different light levels. Given these data, what light levels would you use for a bioreactor containing this species?
Options:
A.
500 lux
B.
1000 lux
C.
2000 lux
D.
3000 lux
According to the graph, light levels would be used for a bioreactor containing this species is 500 lux. Thus, option A is correct.
What is the main function of bioreactor?The main function of a accurately designed bioreactor is to give a controlled environment to achieve optimal growth and/or product formation in the particular cell system employed and the bioreactor has been defined as a apparatus in which a biological reaction or process is carried out.
The species diversity index can be defined as the measure of diversity of species. This takes into account for the number of species present in an area, also the relative abundance of species in an area. If the species richness increases, evenness of the species also increases and the diversity of species also increases.
Therefore, According to the graph, light levels would be used for a bioreactor containing this species is 500 lux. Thus, option A is correct.
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What did scientists find in the bottom of the flask?
glucose
lipids
amino acids
Answer:
amino acids
Explanation:
Explain why a cell is matter (do not search this up please, write from your own words)
Answer:
Explanation:
A cell is matter because evrything in the universe is made up of matter with cells bing included in evreything in the universe
A particular leg bone for dinosaur fossils has a mean length of 60 inches with a standard deviation of 3 inches. What is the length if the z-score is 0. 67?.
The average length of a specific dinosaur leg bone is 60 inches, with a standard variation of 3 inches. If a z-score is 0, then the length is 67.
Divide your data point by your standard error after taking your data point and subtracting the mean from it. How is the z-score determined? Z-scores are calculated using the formula z = (x-)/, where x represents the raw score, the population mean, & the population variation. The z-score is just the raw score less the population mean, split by the population variance, as the calculation demonstrates. You now have your Z-score. For instance, a scoring of 450 would equate a scores of (450-500)/100 (= -50/100 = -0.50 on a scale with a mean of 500 as well as a standard variation of 100, indicating that the scoring is half a variance below the mean.
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where did the antibiotic resistant bacteria come from in the first place of bacteria makes identical offspring by asexual reproduction
Answer:
By conjugation. Stimulated by the right plasmids a tube connects cells allowing chromosomal transfer and plasmid transfer.
By transduction. When infected by ‘phage bacterial DNA can be packaged into the phage and thus transferred to a fresh cell both chromosomal and plasmid DNA can be so transferred.
By transformation. At some stages of growth bacteria can take-up nake-d DNA from their environment. The transformation of pneumococci was the basis of the original experiments that established the role of DNA in hereditary.
Explanation:
DNA copying is not perfect, so there is genetic variation even within asexually reproducing species
Another, very important mechanism is the transmission of genetic information by plasmids. These are short circular pieces of DNA that can be transferred between bacteria or even picked up by a bacterium from the remains of other, dead bacteria. These often contain genes for antibiotic resistance, typically by encoding an enzyme that breaks down a specific antibiotic. These plasmids may be copied and passed along to a bacterium’s descendants or may be lost in some of them, but in the presence of the antibiotic, the ones that get the plasmid will survive. So if you start with a population of a million bacteria, only one of which carries the resistance plasmid, and treat them with that antibiotic, soon you'll have a population in which they are all resistant.
Using conjugation, chromosome and plasmid transfer is made possible by a tube connecting cells that are stimulated by the appropriate plasmids.
What are antibiotic-resistant bacteria?Through the transduction, both chromosomal and plasmid DNA can be packed into the phage when a cell is infected by a 'phage and then transmitted to a new cell in this way.
Transformation at some development stages, bacteria are able to absorb DNA from their surroundings. The initial studies that showed the significance of DNA in heredity used pneumococci as their model organism.
Therefore, if you start with a population of a million bacteria, one of which has the resistance plasmid, then treat them with that antibiotic, you'll soon have a population in which they are all resistant.
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If one light source displays more spectral lines than another, does that mean that it contains more elements? Explain your answer.
No, If one light source displays more spectral lines than another it doesn’t mean that it contains more elements.
What are spectral lines?A spectral line is a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from emission or absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are often used to identify atoms and molecules.
Even a single element (like Hydrogen) has different spectral lines and therefore only one element could have various spectral lines for the various energy levels of that element. These energy levels are well known to astronomers and so it is easy to understand what and how many elements there are in that spectrum of the source. Spectroscopy is a huge source of knowledge about the stars. It may have more elements, or it may simply have heavier elements, which have more electrons than lighter elements and therefore a more complicated electronic structure, which allows for a far greater number of absorption lines.
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How much more atp is generated from glucose 6-phosphate, compared to glucose, when it is metabolized by the glycolytic pathway?.
During glycolysis, glucose ultimately breaks down into pyruvate and energy; a total of 2 ATP is derived in the process (Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O).
The hydroxyl groups allow for phosphorylation. The specific form of glucose used in glycolysis is glucose 6-phosphate. A charged phosphate group is added to this molecule during the phosphorylation of glucose by glucokinase. Since G6P is unable to permeate the cell membrane, unbound glucose cannot diffuse out of the cells. Hepatocytes can capture glucose because of the phosphorylation step that is made possible by glucokinase.
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What is the difference between molecular shape/molecule geometry and electron group arrangement/electron geometry?.
Molecular geometry helps determining atoms and its configuration while electron geometry determines the configuration of electrons.
What is electronic geometry and molecular geometry and how are they different?Molecular geometry as could be understood by the term self defines laws for molecule, atoms and its configuration.The arrangement of atoms in a molecule around the central atom is stated under molecular geometry or shape.Here the question is asked of the difference in the molecular geometry and electronic geometry.The configuration of electrons around the atoms of nucleus is stated under the electronic geometry .The electronic geometry or electronic arrangement measures on an electron level which is smaller than a molecule.To know more about molecule visit:
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