Different substances have different Luster or ability to reflect light. Luster is the ability of a substance which reflects light.
Luster is defined as the ability of the substance which reflects light. There are two main categories of luster describe how light reflects off a mineral. Those are metallic and submetallic luster and non-metallic luster. Metallic lusters describes minerals that are generally opaque and reflective. This can be described as having the appearance of polished metal. Some metals are also classified as minerals and fall into metallic lusters such as gold, silver, and copper. Luster is said to be a property used to differentiate precious stones and minerals. This describes how light interacts with the surface and structure of a crystallized mineral. It is useful in identifying minerals found in rocks and strata.
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reggie puts a beaker of ice and water on a hot plate, and the ice slowly begins to melt as shown in diagram below. after a few minutes, only liquid water is in the beaker. eventually, the water becomes hot and boils. the liquid water changes to water vapor, which is a gas. how is the ice different from the water vapor that forms after the water begins to boil?
The ice particles have a lower average kinetic energy. Consequently, ice is distinct from the water vapour that develops as the water starts to boil.
Chemistry defines an object's kinetic energy as the amount of work it produces when in motion. Activities like walking, climbing, tossing, and dropping consume kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy is a type of energy that a moving object or particle has. When an item undergoes work—the transfer of energy—by being subjected to a net force, it accelerates and acquires kinetic energy. A moving object or particle's kinetic energy, which depends on both mass and speed, is one of its properties. Any combination of movements, including translation, rotation along an axis, and vibration, may be used as the kind of motion.
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magnesium and nitrogen react to form an ionic compound. predict which forms an anion, which forms a cation, and the charges of each ion. write the symbol for each ion and name them.
When magnesium and nitrogen react to form an ionic compound Magnesium (Mg) becomes a cation and Nitrogen (N) becomes a anion.
Mg2+ - magnesium cation or magnesium ion N3- - nitride anion or nitrogen ion.
Magnesium (Mg) is a metal that tends to lose two electrons when it reacts, becoming a cation with a charge of +2.
Nitrogen (N) is a non-metal that tends to gain three electrons when it reacts, becoming an anion with a charge of -3.
When magnesium and nitrogen react, the magnesium cation (Mg2+) and the nitrogen anion (N3-) combine to form the ionic compound magnesium nitride (Mg3N2).
The symbols and names for the ions are:
Mg2+ - magnesium cation or magnesium ion
N3- - nitride anion or nitrogen ion.
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Lit + e- Li
In a lithium ion battery, the following reaction occurs. When the device is charging (adding e-) which direction does the reversible reaction occur?
A.Forward to make more products
B.Reverse to make more reactants
C.No change will occur in the system
D. The battery explodes
In a lithium ion battery, redox reaction occurs and hence no change will occur in the system when the device is charging.
What are redox reactions?Redox reactions comprise of two parts a reduced part and an oxidized part, which occur simultaneously . The part which is reduced gain electrons and hence there is a increase in oxidation state of the species.
While, the part which is oxidized looses electrons and hence there is a decrease in oxidation state of the species.During redox reactions, there is no net change in the number of electrons . Electrons which are given off in oxidation are used up in reduction.
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explain why the can behave as it does. as long as the water is heated gently, no condensed water vapor is visible as steam exits the can.
When water is heated in a closed container, such as a can, the pressure inside the container increases as the water vaporizes into steam.
The pressure inside the can builds up until it reaches a point where it is high enough to overcome the pressure of the surrounding air, at which point the steam is able to escape through a small opening.
This can cause the steam to expand rapidly and violently, which can lead to the can exploding or bursting open. the warm, moist air from your lungs condenses into visible water vapor when it comes into contact with the colder air outside.
In contrast, if the water in the can is heated too quickly or to a very high temperature, the pressure inside the can can become so high that the steam that escapes is very hot and under high pressure. This is why it's important to be cautious when heating water in a closed container, and to avoid heating it too quickly or to too high a temperature.
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Write the rate law expected for this mechanism. What is the overall balanced equation for the reaction? What are the intermediates in the proposed mechanism?
Answer:
The rate law for the overall reaction is given by the rate-determining step, which is the slowest step in the mechanism. In this case, the slowest step is the first step, where C4H9Br is converted to C4H9+ and Br-. Hence, the rate law for the overall reaction can be expressed as:
Rate = k[C4H9Br]
where k is the rate constant for the first step.
The overall balanced equation for the reaction is:
C4H9Br + H2O --> C4H9OH + HBr
The intermediates in the proposed mechanism are C4H9+ and C4H9OH2.
why is the molar constant volume heat capacity higher for f2 than for the other listed 2nd row diatomics?
F2 has a higher heat capacity due to its more intricate electrical structure and increased number of vibrational modes.
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by one degree Celsius at constant volume is known as the molar constant volume heat capacity (Cv). The atomic and molecular characteristics of the substance, such as its mass, structure, and vibrational modes, determine the value of Cv.
The energy needed to dissociate a bond between two atoms in a molecule is known as the bond dissociation energy (BDE). The link between two fluorine atoms can be broken with less energy because F2 has a lower bond dissociation energy than O2 and N2.
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a 1.375 g sample of a sugar found in seaweed is burned completely in oxygen to give 1.993 g of co2 and 0.9519 g of h2o. what is the empirical formula of this sugary substance?
1.375 g sample of a sugar found in seaweed is burned completely in oxygen to give 1.993 g of co2 and 0.9519 g of h2o then the empirical formula for the sugar is C2H3O
To find the empirical formula of the sugar, we need to determine the number of moles of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the sample.
First, we need to determine the number of moles of carbon in the sample. We can do this by dividing the mass of CO2 produced by the molar mass of CO2:
1.993 g CO2 / 44.01 g/mol = 0.04529 mol C
Next, we need to determine the number of moles of hydrogen in the sample. We can do this by dividing the mass of H2O produced by the molar mass of H2O:
0.9519 g H2O / 18.015 g/mol = 0.05278 mol H
Finally, we can calculate the number of moles of oxygen by subtracting the moles of carbon and hydrogen from the total number of moles in the sample:
0.135 g / (12.011 g/mol *0.04529mol) = 2.365 ≈ 2
0.135 g / (1.008 g/mol *0.05278mol) = 2.525 ≈ 3
0.135 g / (15.999 g/mol *2mol) = 0.00422 ≈ 0
Therefore, the empirical formula for the sugar is C2H3O.
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What is the molar mass of CoCl2•6H20?
Answer:
the molar mass of CoCl2•6H2O is 238.05 g/mol.
Explanation:
The molar mass of CoCl2•6H2O can be calculated by adding the atomic masses of each element in the compound.
Here's the calculation:
Cobalt (Co): 58.93 g/mol
Chlorine (Cl): 35.45 g/mol (2 atoms) = 70.9 g/mol
Hydrogen (H): 1.01 g/mol (12 atoms) = 12.12 g/mol
Oxygen (O): 16.00 g/mol (6 atoms) = 96.00 g/mol
Therefore, the molar mass of CoCl2•6H2O is:
58.93 + 70.9 + 12.12 + 96.00 = 238.05 g/mol
So, the molar mass of CoCl2•6H2O is 238.05 g/mol.
if the calcium concentration inside a cell is 0.3% and the concentration in the surrounding fluid is 0.8%, through what process would the cell increase the amount of calcium inside the cell?
the cell can increase the amount of calcium ions inside the cell by active transport, facilitated diffusion, and endocytosis.
The movement of calcium ions across the cell membrane is crucial for several physiological processes, including muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, and gene expression. When the concentration of calcium ions is low inside the cell compared to the surrounding fluid, the cell can increase the amount of calcium ions inside by several processes. One of the ways the cell can increase the amount of calcium inside cell is by active transport. Active transport involves the use of energy in the form of ATP to move ions against their concentration gradient. In this case, the cell would use ATP to move calcium ions from the area of lower concentration inside the cell to the area of higher concentration in the surrounding fluid. This process is carried out by membrane-bound protein pumps, such as the calcium ATPase and the sodium-calcium exchanger. Another way for the cell to increase the amount of calcium ions inside the cell is by facilitated diffusion. Facilitated diffusion is the process by which ions or molecules move across a membrane through a protein channel. Calcium ions can move inside the cell through specific protein channels such as voltage-gated calcium channels and ligand-gated calcium channels. These channels allow calcium ions to move down their concentration gradient, from an area of higher concentration in the surrounding fluid to an area of lower concentration inside the cell. Moreover, the cell can increase the amount of calcium inside the cell by endocytosis. In this process, the cell engulfs extracellular fluid containing calcium ions by forming a vesicle around it, which is then transported into the cytoplasm. Endocytosis can occur through various mechanisms, such as phagocytosis and pinocytosis, depending on the size and nature of the substance being engulfed. In conclusion, the cell can increase the amount of calcium ions inside the cell by active transport, facilitated diffusion, and endocytosis. Each process is important in maintaining the proper concentration of calcium ions within the cell and is regulated by various cellular mechanisms.
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The refractive index refers to the ability of a substance to a) bend light b) reflect light c) absorb light d) convert light to heat energy. Solution.
The capacity of a substance to bend light is described by its refractive index. Refraction is the bending of light as it travels through a medium having a varying refractive index.
Describes how much light is twisted when it travels through a substance, the refractive index is a fundamental feature of materials. It is described as the difference between the speed of light in a substance and the speed of light in a vacuum. This figure, which varies depending on the substance, expresses how much light the substance slows down .Optics, spectroscopy, and materials science are just a few of the fields in which the refractive index is crucial. The use of the refractive index to control the behaviour of light in the construction of lenses, prisms, and other optical components is crucial. The refractive index, in addition to being an important design element for optical devices.
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1. For a more difficult training session, the mass to be pushed is increased to 300 kg. If the players still produce a net force of 150 N, what is the acceleration of the 300 kg mass?
2. Did the acceleration go up or down with the increased mass to be pushed? Why did that happen?
please help hurry!
Acceleration of the car is the force divided by its mass. The acceleration of the mass of 300 kg with a force of 150 N is 0.5 m/s².
What is acceleration ?Acceleration is a physical quantity measuring the rate of change in velocity. It is a vector quantity having both magnitude and acceleration. Acceleration has the unit of m/s².
According to Newton's second law of motion, the force acting on a body is the product of its mass and acceleration.
F = ma
Given that, mass of the object = 300 kg
force applied = 150 N
acceleration = force/mass
a = 150 N/300 kg = 0.5m/s²
Therefore, the acceleration of the mass is 0.5 m/s². As the mass increases, acceleration of an object decreases. Then, acceleration goes down by increasing the mass.
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why are atomic absorption lines sharper than the absorption spectrum of a molecule dissolved in solution?
Atomic absorption lines are sharper than the absorption spectrum of a molecule dissolved in solution because Atomic spectra are pure electronic spectra.
Atomic spectra are pure electronic spectra where as molecular spectra are a combination of electronic, vibrational and microwave spectra which makes the absorption spectrum of a molecule broad.
The presence of spectral lines is explained by amount mechanics in terms of the energy situations of tittles, ions and motes. These energy situations depend on the figures of protons, electrons and neutrons in an snippet, and the limited set of configurations in which these essential patches can live( the set of amount figures). tittles prefer to be in their ground state, where all of the electrons are located as close to the nexus as possible.
Absorption lines do when an snippet, element or patch absorbs a photon with an energy equal to the difference between two energy situations. This causes an electron to be promoted into a advanced energy position, and the snippet, element or patch is said to be in an agitated state.
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lysine is an essential amino acid. one experiment showed that each molecule of lysine contains two nitrogen atoms. another experiment showed that lysine contains 19.2% n, 9.64% h, 49.3% c, and 21.9% o by mass. what is the molecular formula for lysine?
The molecular formula of a substance can be determined from its elemental composition. In this case, we know that lysine contains two nitrogen atoms, 19.2% nitrogen, 9.64% hydrogen, 49.3% carbon, and 21.9% oxygen by mass.
For nitrogen, the atomic weight is 14.01 g/mol, so the number of nitrogen atoms in the molecule can be calculated as follows:
mass of nitrogen = 19.2 g N / 100 g lysine = 0.192 g N
number of nitrogen atoms = 0.192 g N / 14.01 g/mol = 0.0137 mol Nnumber of nitrogen atoms = 0.0137 mol N * Avogadro's number = 8 nitrogen atoms
mass of hydrogen = 9.64 g H / 100 g lysine = 0.0964 g H
number of hydrogen atoms = 0.0964 g H / 1.01 g/mol = 0.0953 mol H
number of hydrogen atoms = 0.0953 mol H * Avogadro's number = 17 hydrogen atoms
mass of carbon = 49.3 g C / 100 g lysine = 0.493 g Cnumber of carbon atoms = 0.493 g C / 12.01 g/mol = 0.0409 mol C
number of carbon atoms = 0.0409 mol C * Avogadro's number = 7 carbon atoms
mass of oxygen = 21.9 g O / 100 g lysine = 0.219 g O
number of oxygen atoms = 0.219 g O / 16.00 g/mol = 0.0137 mol O
number of oxygen atoms = 0.0137 mol O * Avogadro's number = 9 oxygen atoms
Since each molecule of lysine contains two nitrogen atoms, the formula for lysine must be C7H17N2O3.
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due to the conjugation between the alkene and the carbonyl group in the product, the two alkene hydrogen atoms will show up at very different chemical shift from each other. when drawing a reasonable resonance structure of the product that shows a charge on one of the two alkene carbons, will this resonance structure cause extra shielding or extra deshielding? why?
The resonance structure with a positive charge on one of the alkene carbons will cause extra deshielding, as the positive charge withdraws electron density from the alkene.
reducing its electron density and resulting in a downfield shift. A resonance structure is a theoretical construct in chemistry that describes a molecule or ion with delocalized electrons. It is represented by drawing alternative Lewis structures with the same arrangements of atoms but different locations of electrons. The resulting resonance hybrid is intermediate between these structures and has greater stability than any individual resonance structure due to the delocalization of electrons. Resonance structures are particularly useful for explaining the chemical properties and reactivity of certain molecules, especially those with conjugated pi systems. They are also used to explain phenomena such as acid-base behavior, reaction mechanisms, and molecular orbital theory. Overall, the concept of resonance is an important tool for understanding the electronic structure and properties of many different types of molecules.
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how does benedict’s solution react when a very high amount of reducing sugar is present in a sample?
Benedict solution is aqua- blue in color. But as it is heated with high amount of reducing sugar its color changes to red.
Benedict solution is a complex mixture of pentahydrate of copper sulphate, sodium citrate and sodium carbonate. Carbohydrates, reducing sugars have reducing property. So when benedict solution is heated with reducing sugar the copper(II) ions is reduced to Cu(I) ions. From copper sulphate cupric oxide is formed, which is red in color.
If traces of reducing sugar is present, the color will turn to green. For moderate amounts the color will be yellow to orange. When high amount of reducing sugar is present more cupric oxide is formed and solution become red in color.
So in presence of high amount of reducing sugar, benedicts solution makes brick red precipitate.
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place the following in order of least to greatest mass : atom, gram, molecule, mole
The order for mass is atom, molecule, mole, gram. In current physics, mass has several meanings that are theoretically distinct but physically equal.
What is mass?A body's mass is an inherent attribute. Till the discovery of the atom as well as particle physics, it was thought to be tied to the amount of matter inside a physical body.
It was discovered that although having the same quantity of stuff, various atoms and fundamental particles had varying masses. In current physics, mass has several meanings that are theoretically distinct but physically equal. The order for mass is atom, molecule, mole, gram.
Therefore, the order for mass is atom, molecule, mole, gram.
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The dotted arrow in this reaction is a placeholder. Select the arrow that best describes the relationship between the reactants and products. Identify the correct arrow descriptor.
Organic chemistry uses organolithium as a highly strong base. It produces an acid base reaction when combined with any acidic material extremely fast.
As a result of its rapidity and spontaneity, this reaction is practically irreversible.
Therefore, an irreversible arrow, in which most of the reaction is moving forward, best represents the relationship between the reactant and product ( i.e shifting towards product side)
Fluorides are often not utilised, and halide reactivity in these processes rises in the following order: Cl Br I. The second reaction's alkyl magnesium halides are known as Grignard Reagents after the French scientist Victor Grignard, who made the discovery and was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1912 for it. Similar reactions occur with the other metals indicated above, but Grignard and Alky Lithium Reagents are the most popular.
In the image below, the appropriate response is circled:
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a sample of oxygen gas occupies a volume of.200 l at 60.0 and 500 mmhg of pressure what will what will its volume be in l at stp
The volume of sample at STP is 116.3L when a sample of oxygen gas occupies a volume of.200 l at 60.0 and 500 mmHg of pressure.
Given the initial volume of oxygen sample (V1) = 200L
The initial temperature (T1) = 60° = 60 + 273 = 333K
The initial pressure of sample (P1) = 500mmHg = 0.657895atm
The pressure at STP (P2) = 1 atm
The temperature at STP (T2) = 25 + 273= 298K
The volume at STP = V2
We know that from ideal gas law equation: PV = nRT such that at n is constant: P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2. Then,
0.65 x 200/333 = 1 x V2/298
V2 = 116.3L
Hence the volume of sample at STP is = 116.3L
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The smallest part of an element that retains the chemical properties of the element. A electron B molecule C atom D proton
The smallest part of an element that retains the chemical properties of the element is the atom.
An atom is the basic unit of matter, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Each atom has a specific number of protons, which determines the element it represents. Atoms are incredibly small, with a diameter of about 10^-10 meters. However, they are crucial to understanding the behavior of matter.
The properties of atoms determine the physical and chemical properties of the materials they compose. For example, carbon atoms are a fundamental building block of organic molecules, which are essential to life. Oxygen atoms are necessary for respiration and the combustion of fuels. Understanding the structure of atoms and their interactions is essential to fields like chemistry, physics, and materials science.
Scientists have developed models to represent the behavior of atoms, such as the Bohr model and the quantum mechanical model. These models help us understand how atoms bond and react with each other, which is vital for developing new materials, drugs, and technologies. Overall, atoms are the building blocks of matter and play a critical role in shaping the world around us.
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how do i find the answer to What does Newton's first law of motion state?
Answer: Newton's first law states that every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force. This tendency to resist changes in a state of motion is inertia.
Explanation:
Hoped that helped =)
what type of stress is most likely to occur at this boundary?
Shearing stress is most likely to occur at this boundary. Therefore, option A is correct.
What do you mean by shearing stress ?Shearing stress is defined as "a type of stress that acts coplanar with the material's cross-section." Shear stress is caused by shear forces. They are the same magnitude and opposite direction forces acting on opposite sides of a body. Shear stress is measured as a vector quantity.
A strike-slip fault is a dip-slip fault with a vertical dip in the fault plane caused by shear stresses. The San Andreas Fault in California is the world's most well-known strike-slip fault.
Thus, option A is correct.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably your question was
What type of stress is most likely to occur at this
boundary?
O shearing
syncline
tension
compression
what effect will increasing the volume of the system have on the mole fraction of cl2 in the equilibrium mixture?
Increasing the volume of the system will have no effect on the mole fraction of Cl2 in the equilibrium mixture.
This is because the mole fraction is the ratio of moles of a specific component to the total moles of all components in the system. Increasing the volume will not change the number of moles of any specific component in the system, hence the mole fraction of Cl2 will remain constant.
The only factor that would affect the mole fraction of Cl2 is a change in the number of moles of Cl2 or any other component in the system. This can be achieved by adding or removing a specific component or by changing the temperature or pressure of the system. However, changing the volume alone will not affect the mole fraction of Cl2 or any other component in the system.
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X
Find the value of x.
30°
135°
x = [?]°
The value of x in the figure is
55 degrees What is an angle?An angle is a geometric figure formed by two rays or line segments that share a common endpoint. This common endpoint is called the vertex of the angle, and the two rays or line segments that form the angle are called its sides.
Angles are measured in degrees, and a full circle contains 360 degrees. Angles can be classified based on their measure. A right angle measures exactly 90 degrees, an acute angle measures less than 90 degrees, and an obtuse angle measures more than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees.
The figure consist of angel which is an acute angle, an acute angle are angles less than 90 hence 55 is the possible value
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borneol can also be oxidized to camphor using other oxidizing agents, such as sodium dichromate in acid. write a balanced equation for this oxidation (cr2o72- is reduced to cr3 ).
The oxidation of borneol to camphor using sodium dichromate in acid can be represented by the following balanced equation:
C10H18O + Na2Cr2O7 + 4H2SO4 → C10H16O + Cr2(SO4)3 + Na2SO4 + 4H2O
In this reaction, the sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7) is reduced to chromium(III) sulfate (Cr2(SO4)3), while the borneol (C10H18O) is oxidized to camphor (C10H16O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is used as the acid catalyst. The reaction also produces sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and water (H2O) as byproducts.
A balanced equation is a representation of a chemical reaction that shows the number of atoms of each element present in the reactants and products. A balanced equation follows the law of conservation of mass, which states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
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name one cleaning compound you commonly used at home. Why do you use it commonly?
Answer:
Chlorine
Explanation:
Because this will remove dirt and stain and it will kill microorganisms that can cause diseases.
what is the highest oxidation state for nb?
The highest oxidation state for Nb (niobium) is +5.
Oxidation is the loss of electrons in a chemical reaction. For the element niobium (Nb), the highest oxidation state is +5. This is because niobium has five valence electrons in its outermost shell, which it can lose to form a +5 oxidation state.
This is commonly seen in compounds such as Nb₂O₅ (niobium pentoxide) and NbF₅ (niobium pentafluoride). That being said, it is important to note that niobium can also form lower oxidation states, such as oxidation state +3 and +4. However, the +5 state is the highest possible for niobium.
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Carbon tetrachloride is a solvent which is used as a refrigerant and also as a cleaning agent. Today, methane and chlorine are mainly used to produce carbon tetrachloride:
CH4+4012-> CC14+4H1
How many grams of carbon tetrachloride can be produced from reacting 190.1 grams of chlorine with excess methane?
The amount of carbon tetrachloride that can be produced from reacting 190.1 grams of chlorine with excess methane is 159.8 grams.
What do you mean by chlorine?
Chlorine is basically a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17. It is a halogen, which means it is a highly reactive nonmetal. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature and is highly soluble in water. It is most commonly used as a disinfectant and water purifier, but it has many other uses, including production of plastics, bleach, and synthetic fibers.
This is calculated using the equation:
mass of carbon tetrachloride = (mass of chlorine / molar mass of chlorine) x molar mass of carbon tetrachloride
= (190.1 / 70.906) x 153.82
= 159.8 grams
Hence, 159.8 grams of carbon tetrachloride can be produced from the reaction.
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What is the empirical formula of with 4 significant digits Carbon:80.19 Hydrogen:9.62 Oxygen:10.19 keeping 4 significant digits
What do resonance structures indicate?
Resonance structures are employed when a single Lewis structure for a molecule is insufficient to completely capture the bonding that occurs between adjacent atoms in relation to empirical data on the actual bond lengths between those atoms.
A group of two or more Lewis structures known as resonance structures explain the electronic bonding of a single polyatomic species, including fractional bonds and fractional charges. Unable to be described by a single Lewis formula with an integral number of covalent bonds, delocalized electrons can be described using resonance structures.
The bonding in certain molecules or ions can occasionally defy description by a single Lewis structure, even when formal charges are taken into account. When the bonding cannot be encapsulated by a single Lewis formula, resonance is a means to describe delocalized electrons inside specific molecules or polyatomic ions. There are several contributing structures that depict a molecule or an ion with such delocalized electrons (also called resonance structures or canonical forms).
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Please help now ASAP pleaseeee
Answer:
166.1
Explanation:
297.6+45.0=342.6
342.6-176.5=166.1
