Economists have put forth several explanations for the slow recovery after the Great Recession. Here are two commonly cited explanations:
1. Balance Sheet Recession: One explanation focuses on the concept of a "balance sheet recession." During the Great Recession, many households and businesses faced significant declines in the value of their assets, such as housing and stocks. This led to a decrease in their net worth and increased their debt burdens. In response, these economic agents sought to repair their balance sheets by reducing spending and paying down debt, which resulted in a decline in aggregate demand. The slow recovery can be attributed to the time it takes for households and businesses to restore their balance sheets, regain confidence, and resume spending and investing.
2. Lingering Effects of Financial Crisis: The financial crisis that triggered the Great Recession had a profound impact on the banking and financial sector. Banks faced substantial losses, tightened lending standards, and experienced a reduction in their willingness to lend. This credit contraction constrained access to credit for households and businesses, impeding their ability to invest, expand, and consume. Additionally, the collapse of the housing market and the subsequent increase in foreclosures had long-lasting effects on household wealth and confidence. These lingering effects of the financial crisis created headwinds for the economy, contributing to the slow recovery.
It is worth noting that these explanations are not exhaustive, and economists continue to debate and study the complexities of the Great Recession and its aftermath.
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Which of the following statements is (are) incorrect? I. Yield curves are plotted with yields on the y (vertical) axis and risk premiums on the x (horizontal) axis. II. The price of a bond is equal to the present value of the bond's future cash flows. III. When the market rate of interest is higher than a bond's coupon rate, the bond will sell at a discount. IV. If you feel interest rates are going to drop significantly, you could potentially realize large capital gains by purchasing long-term zero coupon bonds prior to the rates decreasing.
Statement I Yield curves are plotted with yields on the y (vertical) axis and risk premiums on the x (horizontal) axis is incorrect.
Yield curves represent the relationship between the yield (interest rate) and the maturity of fixed-income securities, such as bonds. The yield curve shows how yields vary across different maturities, typically with longer-term yields plotted to the right and shorter-term yields to the left.
Statement II is correct. The price of a bond is determined by discounting the bond's future cash flows (coupon payments and principal repayment) to their present value using an appropriate discount rate. Statement III is correct. When the market rate of interest is higher than a bond's coupon rate, the bond will sell at a discount. Statement IV is correct. If an investor anticipates a significant drop in interest rates, purchasing long-term zero coupon bonds (which pay no coupons but are sold at a discount) before the rates decrease can potentially result in large capital gains.
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[CLO-2] Lulu centre will update its merchandise inventory ledger after each and every transaction. This is often called. O perpetual inventory system. O periodic inventory system Ospecific inventory system O last in first out system
The correct answer is "perpetual inventory system."
A perpetual inventory system is a method of tracking and updating merchandise inventory in real-time after each transaction. Under this system, every purchase, sale, or return of inventory is immediately recorded in the inventory ledger, providing an up-to-date and accurate balance of inventory at any given time. This allows businesses to have a continuous and detailed record of their inventory levels.
In contrast, a periodic inventory system involves updating the merchandise inventory ledger periodically, typically at the end of an accounting period. The periodic system relies on physical counts of inventory to determine the ending inventory balance and calculate the cost of goods sold.
Lulu Centre's practice of updating its merchandise inventory ledger after each transaction indicates that it follows a perpetual inventory system, ensuring that its inventory records are constantly updated and accurate.
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Consider a project with a life of 6 years with the following information: initial fixed asset investment = $440,000; straight-line depreciation to zero over the 6-year life; zero salvage value; price = $30; variable costs = $15; fixed costs = $242,000; quantity sold = 130,680 units; tax rate = 22 percent. How sensitive is OCF to changes in quantity sold?
The sensitivity of OCF (Operating Cash Flow) to changes in quantity sold can be determined by calculating the unit contribution margin and analyzing its impact on OCF.
The unit contribution margin is calculated by subtracting the variable costs per unit from the selling price per unit. In this case, the selling price is $30 and the variable costs are $15, resulting in a unit contribution margin of $15.
To determine the sensitivity of OCF to changes in quantity sold, we need to assess how changes in quantity sold affect the total contribution margin and subsequently the OCF. As the quantity sold increases or decreases, the total contribution margin will change proportionally, which will directly impact the OCF.
For example, if the quantity sold increases by 10%, the total contribution margin will also increase by 10%. This increase in the total contribution margin will result in a higher OCF. Conversely, if the quantity sold decreases by 10%, the total contribution margin will decrease by 10%, leading to a lower OCF.
Therefore, the sensitivity of OCF to changes in quantity sold is directly proportional to the unit contribution margin. Any changes in quantity sold will affect the total contribution margin and subsequently impact the OCF accordingly.
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Samples collected from patients at the local hospital are sent to a lab for a screening test. Specimens arrive at the lab room at the rate of 20 an hour. Currently the lab room employs a single technician who spends on average 2.4 minutes to process one specimen. If a specimen cannot be processed immediately when it arrives, it will be stored in a temperature-controlled container inside the lab room. For simplicity assume that the container has unlimited storage capacity. Assume Poisson arrival times and Exponential service times. a) What is the utilization rate of the lab room technician? b) What is the average time a specimen spends inside the lab room (from the time it arrives until it is processed)? c) How many specimens, on average, would you expect to have inside the lab room? d) What is the probability of having a queue (i.e. there is two or more specimens in the lab room)?
a) utilization rate= 0.4167, b) average time a specimen spends inside lab= 25min, c) average number of specimens= 8.333, d) Therefore, the probability of having a queue is 0.699. are the answers
a) The utilization rate of the lab room technician is given as: Utilization rate = ρ = λ/μwhere,λ = arrival rate = 20/hourμ = service rate = 1/2.4 hour-1= 20/(1/2.4)= 20×2.4= 48utilization rate = λ/μ= 20/48= 0.4167
b) The average time a specimen spends inside the lab room (from the time it arrives until it is processed) is given by the Little's Law: L = λWwhere,L = average number of specimens in the system= λ = arrival rate= 20/hour W = average time a specimen spends in the system W = L/λ= 20/48= 0.4167 hour= 0.4167×60= 25 min
c) The average number of specimens in the lab room can be calculated using Little's Law as: L = λW= 20×0.4167= 8.333
d) The probability of having a queue is given by: P(queue) = P(L > 1) = 1 - P(L = 0)where, L = average number of specimens in the lab room= 8.333Let's find out P(L = 0) first: P(L = 0) = (λ/μ)^0 * e^(−λ/μ) / 0!Putting the values, we get: P(L = 0) = (20/48)^0 * e^(−20/48) / 0!= 0.301Then, the probability of having a queue: P(queue) = 1 - P(L = 0)= 1 - 0.301= 0.699
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Multiple-Step Income Statement and Balance Sheet The following selected accounts and their current balances appear in the ledger of Kanpur Co. for the fiscal year ended June 30, 20Y5: Ramona's Clothing is a retail store specializing in women's clothing. The store has established a liberal return policy for the holiday season in order to encourage gift purchases. Any item purchased during November and December may be returned through January 31, with a receipt, for cash or exchange. If the customer does not have a receipt, cash will still be refunded for any item under $75. If the item is more than $75, à check is mailed to the customer. Whenever an item is returned, a store clerk completes a return slip, which the customer signs. The return slip is placed in a special box. The store manager visits the return counter approximately once every two hours to authorize the return slips. Clerks are instructed to place the returned merchandise on the proper rack on the selling floor as soon as possible.
The provided information describes the return policy and procedures of Ramona's Clothing, a retail store specializing in women's clothing. During the holiday season, which includes November and December, customers are allowed to return purchased items through January 31 with a receipt for cash or exchange.
If a customer doesn't have a receipt, cash refunds are given for items under $75, while checks are mailed for items over $75. When a customer returns an item, a return slip is completed by a store clerk, signed by the customer, and placed in a designated box. The store manager periodically authorizes the return slips. The clerks are instructed to promptly place the returned merchandise on the appropriate rack on the selling floor.
This return policy and procedure ensure that Ramona's Clothing provides flexibility and convenience to its customers during the holiday season. The clearly defined process of return slips, approval by the store manager, and prompt placement of returned merchandise on the selling floor help maintain efficiency in handling returns. These practices contribute to a positive customer experience and support the store's goal of encouraging gift purchases during the holiday period.
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General Importers announced that it will pay a dividend of $3.00 per share one year from today After that, the company experts a slowdown in its his and will pay a divided for the weat years. Then, 8 years from today, the company will begin paying an annual dividend of $1.00 forever. The required return is 10.00 percent. What is the price of the stock today?
The price of the stock today, based on the provided information, is approximately $5.3911 per share.
To determine the price of the stock today, we can use the concept of the present value of future cash flows. We'll calculate the present value of each dividend payment and then sum them up. Given information:
Dividend to be paid one year from today: $3.00 per share.
Dividend payments during the next eight years: Unknown.
Dividend to be paid after eight years and beyond: $1.00 per share.
Required return: 10.00 percent.
Let's calculate the present value (PV) of each dividend payment using the required return of 10.00 percent:
PV of $3.00 dividend payment one year from today:
PV1 = $3.00 / (1 + 0.10)^1 = $2.7273 (rounded to four decimal places)
PV of $1.00 dividend payment starting eight years from today:
PV2 = $1.00 / (1 + 0.10)^8 = $0.4632 (rounded to four decimal places)
Now, we need to calculate the present value of the dividend payments during the next eight years. Since we don't have specific information about these payments, we'll assume they form a constant annuity.
Using the formula for the present value of an annuity, we'll find the present value of the annuity of dividends over the next eight years:
PV of annuity of dividends over eight years:
PV_annuity = C * [1 - (1 + r)^(-n)] / r
Where:
C = Annual dividend payment during the next eight years (unknown)
r = Required return (10.00%)
n = Number of years (8)
We'll solve for C using the given information that the dividend payment will decrease after the eighth year:
PV_annuity = C * [1 - (1 + 0.10)^(-8)] / 0.10 = PV2
C = PV2 * (0.10 / [1 - (1 + 0.10)^(-8)])
Now, we can substitute the values and calculate C:
C = $0.4632 * (0.10 / [1 - (1 + 0.10)^(-8)]) = $0.4632 * 5.7477 = $2.6638 (rounded to four decimal places)
Finally, we can calculate the price of the stock today by summing up the present values of all the dividend payments:
Stock price today = PV1 + PV_annuity
= $2.7273 + $2.6638
= $5.3911 (rounded to four decimal places)
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How has the pandemic of COVID 19 and the UKRAINE war impacted international Business?
The pandemic of COVID-19 and the Ukraine war has impacted international business in Supply chain disruption, caused financial constraints and trading constraints, economic instability and geo-political uncertainity.
COVID-19 Pandemic:
COVID-19 pandemic is affecting global supply chains, reducing demand, and slowing down economic growth. It has affected business globally in several ways such as:
Supply Chain Disruption: It has disrupted supply chains and caused massive delays and shortages, particularly in the manufacturing sector, leading to a shortage of inputs and finished goods.
Financial Constraints: The pandemic has made it difficult for businesses to raise capital and invest, leading to financial constraints for businesses.
Workforce Availability: With social distancing measures and travel restrictions in place, businesses are struggling to maintain their workforces, resulting in a shortage of labor.
Ukraine War:
The war in Ukraine has led to economic instability, inflation, and political uncertainty in the region. As a result, the war has impacted international businesses in the following ways:
Trade Constraints: Businesses are experiencing trade constraints due to sanctions imposed by various countries, including the United States, the European Union, and Russia.
Economic Instability: The war has caused economic instability in the region, making it difficult for businesses to operate, leading to a shortage of inputs and finished goods.
Geo-Political Uncertainty: The war has created political uncertainty in the region, making it difficult for businesses to operate and invest in the region.
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Suppose there is a dramatic spike in the price of oil resulting from a large regional war in the Middle East.
Using an AS-AD diagram, show the effect of the increase in oil prices.
What important vocabulary term do we use to describe this situation?
Suppose the Fed attempts to fight the increase in prices by using contractionary monetary policy. Show the effect on an AS-AD diagram. How will prices and real GDP be effected by this response to the oil price shock?
Suppose the Fed attempts to fight the decrease in output by using expansionary monetary policy. Show the effect on an AS-AD diagram. How will prices and real GDP be effected by this response to the oil price shock?
The situation depicted in the AS-AD diagram illustrates a supply shock caused by an increase in oil prices resulting from a regional war in the Middle East. Supply shocks are events that disrupt the availability of goods and services in an economy. They can be caused by factors such as conflicts or natural disasters.
To address the increase in prices caused by the oil price shock, the Federal Reserve (Fed) implements contractionary monetary policy.
This policy involves increasing interest rates, reducing the money supply, decreasing investment spending, and lowering aggregate demand (AD).
Conversely, if the Fed decides to combat the decrease in output resulting from the oil price shock, it would employ expansionary monetary policy.
This policy entails increasing the money supply, reducing interest rates, boosting investment spending, and raising aggregate demand.
Both contractionary and expansionary monetary policies have potential effects on the economy, including changes in interest rates, the money supply, investment spending, and aggregate demand.
While the response to the oil price shock leads to changes in prices, the impact on real GDP differs depending on the chosen policy.
In the case of contractionary monetary policy, real GDP decreases, whereas expansionary monetary policy leads to an increase in real GDP.
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Kelly Jones and Tami Crawford borrowed $12.000 on a 7-month, note from Gem State Bank to open their business. Cullumber's Coffee House. The money was borrowed on June 1, 2022 and the note matures January 1, 2023. Prepare the entry to record the receipt of the funds from the loan, (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually
The journal entry to record the receipt of the funds from the loan would be:
Date Account Debited Amount
June 1, 2022 Cash $12,000
The note payable account is a liability account that is used to record the obligation to repay a loan. In this case, Gem State Bank has lent $12,000 to Kelly Jones and Tami Crawford to start their business, Cullumber's Coffee House. The loan has a 7-month term, which means that it must be repaid in full by January 1, 2023.
The cash account is a liability account that represents the amount of cash on hand. In this case, the $12,000 received from the loan will be used to pay for the start-up costs of the business. Once the loan is repaid, the cash account will be credited with the remaining balance.
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Question 4 of 7 0/4 I ftem Cameras Minolta Canon Light Meters: Vivitar 124 134 Kodak 18 120 135 What amount should be reported for inwentory on Sunlarid Frame Camera Shop's balance sheet, assuming the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value rule is applied The ending ventory NO Assistance Used Units Cost per Unit D $164 151 10 20 Textbook and Media Textbook Net Realizable Value per Unit $153 153
Using the Lower of cost or market (LCM) approach, we can determine the value of the ending inventory of Sunlarid Frame Camera Shop. The market value for the ending inventory is $153. This means that the market value is lower than the cost of $164. Therefore, the ending inventory value will be adjusted to reflect the market value.
Sunlarid Frame Camera Shop has to follow certain principles to determine the value of inventory. One such principle is the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value (NRV) rule. According to this rule, the inventory value should be reported at the lower of cost or net realizable value.
To apply the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value rule, we need to find out the market value of inventory. The market value is the net realizable value in this case, which is given as $153 per unit.
The inventory's cost is given as $164 per unit, so it is higher than the net realizable value. Therefore, the inventory value will be reported as $153 per unit instead of $164 per unit. The ending inventory's value is found by multiplying the units with the adjusted cost per unit.
No assistance was used to determine the units. The ending inventory has 151 units, which, when multiplied by the adjusted cost per unit of $153, gives a value of $23,103. This value is reported on the balance sheet under the inventory section.
The amount reported for inventory on Sunlarid Frame Camera Shop's balance sheet is $23,103, assuming the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value rule is applied.
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Assume n=1
(Question 1) At i=(12+n)%, what is the annual equivalence amount for the infinite series shown next. $100+10m $100+10n 100+10n +00 $60+8n $ 60+8n $60+8n Ininin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Years
To calculate the annual equivalence amount for the infinite series, we need to determine the present value of the series. The formula for the present value of an infinite series is:
Present Value = Annual Cash Flow / (Discount Rate - Growth Rate)
In this case, the annual cash flow is $100 + 10n, the discount rate is 12% + n, and the growth rate is 8.
Substituting the values into the formula, we get:
Present Value = ($100 + 10n) / (0.12 + n - 0.08)
= ($100 + 10n) / (0.04 + n)
Now, since we are looking for the annual equivalence amount, we need to multiply the present value by the discount rate. The discount rate in this case is i = 12% + n.
Annual Equivalence Amount = Present Value * Discount Rate
= (($100 + 10n) / (0.04 + n)) * (0.12 + n)
To calculate the specific annual equivalence amounts for each year, we substitute n=1 into the equation:
Year 0: (($100 + 10(1)) / (0.04 + 1)) * (0.12 + 1)
Year 1: (($100 + 10(1)) / (0.04 + 1)) * (0.12 + 1)
Year 2: (($100 + 10(1)) / (0.04 + 1)) * (0.12 + 1)
...
Year 12: (($100 + 10(1)) / (0.04 + 1)) * (0.12 + 1)
Please note that the values in the equation remain the same for each year since n=1. Therefore, the annual equivalence amount for each year will be the same.
For each year, substitute the values into the equation and calculate the result to find the annual equivalence amount.
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Umbrella Travel enters into an agreement with Destinations Inc. to lease a car on December 31, 2019. The following information relates to this agreement. 1. The term of the non-cancelable lease is 3 years with no renewal or bargain purchase option. The remaining economic life of the car is 3 years, and it is expected to have no residual value at the end of the lease term. 2. The fair value of the car was $15,000 at commencement of the lease 3. Annual payments are required to be made on December 31 at the end of each year of the lease, beginning December 31, 2020. The first payment is to be of an amount of $5,552.82, with each payment increasing by a constant rate of 5% from the previous payment (i.e., the second payment will be $5,830.46 and the third and final payment will be $6,121.98). 4. Umbrella Travel's incremental borrowing rate is 8%. The rate implicit in the lease is unknown. 5. Umbrella Travel uses straight-line depreciation for all similar cars. Instructions a. Prepare Umbrella Travel's journal entries for 2019, 2020, and 2021. Present Value of Rental Payments PV of first payment 4,353 PV of second payment 4,979 PV of third payment 5,668 PV of rental payments $ 15,000.00 6 15,000 8 15,000 1,200 4,353 3 5,553 4 5,000 5,000 7 12/31/2019 Right-of-Use Asset Lease Liability 9 To record initial lease 0 1 12/31/2020 Interest Expenses 2 Lease Liability Cash To record first lease payment 5 12/31/2020 Amortization Expenses 6 Right-of-Use Asset 7 To record amortization 8 9 12/31/2021 Interest Expenses o Lease Liability 1 Cash 2 To record second lease payment 3 12/31/2021 Amortization Expenses 4 Right-of-Use Asset 5 To record amortization 6 852 4,979 5,831 5,000 5,000
The journal entries for the year 2019, 2020, and 2021:2019:On December 31, 2019, the company Umbrella Travel entered into an agreement with Destinations Inc. to lease a car. At the time of the agreement, the fair value of the car was $15,000, which is the present value of the expected payments.
Umbrella Travel prepared a right-of-use asset and lease liability at the present value of the rental payments as follows: Right-of-Use Asset$15,000 Lease Liability$15,000To record initial lease2020:On December 31, 2020, the company made the first payment of $5,552.82. The payment included interest of $1,200 (=$15,000 × 8%) and a reduction in the lease liability of $4,353 (=$5,552.82 – $1,200). The amortization expense of the right-of-use asset is calculated as $4,353 (=$15,000/3), which is the straight-line depreciation method used by the company. The journal entries for the year 2020 are as follows: Interest Expenses$1,200 Lease Liability$4,353Cash$5,552.82To record first lease payment Amortization Expenses $4,353Right-of-Use Asset$4,353 To record amortization2021:On December 31, 2021, the company made the second payment of $5,829.46. The payment included interest of $998.39 (=[($15,000 – $4,353) × 8%] – $1,200) and a reduction in the lease liability of $4,979.07 (=$5,829.46 – $998.39). The amortization expense of the right-of-use asset is calculated as $4,979.07 (=[($15,000 – $4,353) × 2/3]), which is the straight-line depreciation method used by the company. The journal entries for the year 2021 are as follows: Interest Expenses$998.39Lease Liability$4,979.07 Cash$5,829.46To record second lease payment Amortization Expenses$4,979.07Right-of-Use Asset$4,979.07To record amortization. The lease term is three years with no renewal or bargain purchase option, which is also the remaining economic life of the car. The fair value of the car at the start of the lease was $15,000, which is also the present value of the expected payments. Annual payments of $5,552.82, $5,829.46, and $6,121.98, respectively, are required to be made at the end of each year of the lease, beginning December 31, 2020, with each payment increasing by a constant rate of 5% from the previous payment. The company's incremental borrowing rate is 8%, which is used to calculate the present value of the rental payments. The rate implicit in the lease is unknown. The company uses the straight-line depreciation method for all similar cars.
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A company manufactures two products. If it charges price pi for product i, it can sell qi units of product i, where q1 = 80 – 2p1 + p2 and q2 = 100 – 3p2 + p1. It costs $8 to produce a unit of product 1 and $15 to produce a unit of product. Answer the following questions:
Suppose the prices for product 1 and product 2 are both $35. What is the production quantity of production 1.
A. 50
B. 35
C. 30
D. 45
Suppose the prices for product 1 and product 2 are both $35. What is the total production cost?
A. 810
B. 760
C. 730
D. 900
Suppose the prices for product 1 and product 2 are both $35. What is the total revenue (revenue for a product is price times its production quantity)?
A. 2528
B. 2658
C. 2536
D. 2625
Solve the model by maximizing the manufacturer's profit. What is maximal profit? (use GRG Nonlinear)
A. 1830.75
B. 2065.32
C. 1996.48
D. 2619.25
A company manufactures two products. If it charges price pi for product i, it can sell qi units of product i, where q1 = 80 – 2p1 + p2 and q2 = 100 – 3p2 + p1. It costs $8 to produce a unit of product 1 and $15 to produce a unit of product.
The production quantity of product 1 when the prices for both products are $35 is 30 units. (Answer: C)
The total production cost when the prices for both products are $35 is $730. (Answer: C)
The total revenue when the prices for both products are $35 is $2,536. (Answer: C)
The maximal profit, obtained by solving the model using GRG Nonlinear, is $1,996.48. (Answer: C)
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Describe the three sections of the statement of cash flows and
the information that is found in each section.
Why is it important to look at a company's statement of cash
flows?
The statement of cash flows consists of three sections: operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. Each section provides valuable information about a company's cash inflows and outflows, giving insights into its financial health and liquidity position.
Operating Activities: This section focuses on the cash flows resulting from the company's primary operations. It includes cash inflows and outflows related to the core business activities, such as revenue from sales, payments to suppliers, salaries to employees, and income taxes. It reflects the company's ability to generate cash from its core operations.
Investing Activities: This section reports the cash flows associated with the company's investments in long-term assets and other financial instruments. It includes cash inflows from the sale of assets (e.g., property, plant, and equipment) and investments, as well as cash outflows for the purchase of such assets or investments. It provides insights into the company's capital expenditures and investment strategies.
Financing Activities: This section presents the cash flows resulting from the company's financing activities, including obtaining capital from investors or creditors and repaying or distributing capital to them. It includes cash inflows from issuing stocks or bonds, borrowing money, and cash outflows from dividend payments, debt repayments, or share repurchases. It indicates the company's ability to raise funds and manage its capital structure.
Examining a company's statement of cash flows is crucial for several reasons:
Assessing LiquidityIdentifying Cash Flow TrendsEvaluating Financial HealthDecision-Making and PlanningTo know more about cash flows, visit:
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How tax cuts affect gdp, inflation and CPI at 2017 in USA ? (500
words)
Tax cuts can have various effects on GDP, inflation, and the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The impact on inflation and the CPI can be influenced by factors such as the state of the economy and overall demand conditions.
Explore the potential impacts of tax cuts in the context of the United States in 2017:
1. GDP Growth: Tax cuts can stimulate economic growth by putting more money into the hands of individuals and businesses, which may lead to increased spending, investment, and job creation. When people have more disposable income due to lower tax burdens, they are likely to consume more, boosting aggregate demand and GDP. In turn, increased economic activity can result in higher production levels, increased employment, and overall economic expansion.
2. Investment and Capital Expenditures: Lowering taxes can incentivize businesses to invest more in capital expenditures, such as equipment, machinery, and infrastructure. By reducing the tax burden on profits, businesses have more funds available for investment, which can lead to increased productivity and economic growth. Increased investment can also contribute to job creation and improved wages.
3. Inflation: The impact of tax cuts on inflation is not direct and depends on various factors. Tax cuts that stimulate economic growth can lead to increased demand for goods and services. If the economy operates close to its full capacity, this increased demand can potentially put upward pressure on prices, resulting in inflationary pressures. However, in an economy with idle resources or weak demand, the impact on inflation may be limited.
4. Consumer Price Index (CPI): The CPI measures the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a basket of goods and services. Tax cuts can indirectly affect the CPI through their impact on consumer spending, production costs, and overall economic conditions. If tax cuts stimulate consumption, it can increase demand for goods and services, potentially leading to price increases and impacting the CPI. Additionally, changes in taxes can influence production costs, such as labor and input costs, which may affect the prices of goods and services included in the CPI basket.
5. Fiscal Impact: Tax cuts can have implications for government revenues and the budget deficit. When taxes are reduced, government revenue decreases, which can widen the budget deficit if spending remains unchanged. This deficit may necessitate increased borrowing, potentially leading to higher interest rates and crowding out private investment. The fiscal impact of tax cuts on GDP, inflation, and the CPI can be influenced by how the government manages its spending and borrowing levels.
It is important to note that the actual impact of tax cuts on GDP, inflation, and the CPI is influenced by numerous factors, including the size and design of the tax cuts, the state of the economy, and other concurrent economic policies. Additionally, the effects can vary across different sectors, industries, and income groups.
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What is delinquency prevention?
Delinquency prevention refers to the procedures, programs, and efforts aimed at reducing or eliminating delinquent behavior in young people. This entails a focus on reducing the incidence of delinquent behavior in adolescents, as well as decreasing the intensity and prevalence of crime in the community.
Delinquency prevention strategies and policies should target risk factors that increase the likelihood of delinquency and protective factors that reduce the likelihood of delinquency.Risk factors that contribute to delinquent behavior include poor academic performance, low family income, and involvement with antisocial peers.
Protective factors that can mitigate the effects of these risk factors include positive family relationships, prosocial attitudes, and school engagement.Effective delinquency prevention strategies often involve a combination of programs aimed at addressing individual and environmental factors that contribute to delinquency.
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In the Theory of Constraints 3 Bottle Oiled Wheels Demonstration video, which of the statement(s) are false:
I. The bottleneck remained the same II. TOC is a process of not debottlenecking the operation but a process of increasing the flow through the bottleneck III. Applying the principoles of TOC can significantly improve your business o Il only o II and III only o I and II only o I only o All statements are true
The false statement in the Theory of Constraints 3 Bottle Oiled Wheels Demonstration video is statement I: "The bottleneck remained the same."
In the video, the demonstration shows how applying the principles of the Theory of Constraints (TOC) can lead to the identification and improvement of bottlenecks in a system. The purpose of TOC is to identify and address bottlenecks to increase the flow through the system and improve overall performance. Therefore, statement I is false because the video demonstrates the process of identifying and addressing the bottleneck, not keeping it the same.
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What is a trust, how do they operate, what were some examples in the post-Civil War period and why were they often described as behaving in a predatory manner? Describe in detail antitrust legislation that has been established in the United States and the different types of mergers it can attempt to block.
**Trusts are large business organizations formed by combining multiple companies under a single entity, often with the goal of monopolizing a specific industry.
They operate by consolidating control and eliminating competition through various means. In the post-Civil War period, notable trusts emerged, such as Standard Oil, American Tobacco Company, and Carnegie Steel Company. These trusts were often described as behaving in a predatory manner due to their monopolistic practices, such as price fixing, market manipulation, and driving competitors out of business.**
Antitrust legislation in the United States aims to prevent and regulate anticompetitive behavior by businesses. The primary legislation is the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, which prohibits contracts, combinations, and conspiracies that restrain trade and monopolize markets. It established the framework for subsequent antitrust laws.
The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 strengthened the Sherman Act by prohibiting certain specific anticompetitive practices, including price discrimination, tying arrangements, and exclusive dealing. It also established the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to enforce antitrust laws.
The Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 granted the FTC broad authority to prevent unfair methods of competition and unfair or deceptive acts or practices in commerce.
The types of mergers that antitrust legislation can attempt to block include:
1. **Horizontal Mergers**: These involve the combination of two or more companies operating at the same level of the supply chain and in direct competition with each other. Antitrust authorities closely scrutinize such mergers to ensure they do not result in undue market concentration or reduce competition.
2. **Vertical Mergers**: These involve the combination of companies operating at different levels of the supply chain, such as a merger between a supplier and a buyer. Antitrust authorities evaluate vertical mergers to determine if they would lead to anticompetitive effects, such as the foreclosure of competitors or raising barriers to entry.
3. **Conglomerate Mergers**: These involve the combination of companies operating in unrelated industries. Antitrust authorities assess conglomerate mergers to evaluate potential anticompetitive effects, such as the creation or enhancement of market power or the elimination of potential competition.
Antitrust authorities, such as the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the FTC, review proposed mergers to assess their potential impact on competition. If a merger is deemed to substantially lessen competition, it may be blocked or conditions may be imposed to mitigate anticompetitive effects.
In summary, trusts in the post-Civil War period were large consolidations of companies that often engaged in predatory practices to eliminate competition. Antitrust legislation, such as the Sherman and Clayton Acts, was established to regulate and prevent anticompetitive behavior. This legislation aims to block mergers that would lead to reduced competition, and it addresses different types of mergers, including horizontal, vertical, and conglomerate mergers.
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what consumer wants (or benefits) are met by the following products or services? (a) 3m post-it® flag highlighter, (b) nike running shoes, (c) hertz rent-a-car, and (d) amazon online shopping.
Each of these products or services meets different consumer wants and needs, from convenience and flexibility to functionality and style.
The 3M Post-it® Flag Highlighter meets the consumer's desire for a multi-functional tool. It allows for easy highlighting and the flag feature assists in quick note-taking. The Nike Running Shoes cater to fitness enthusiasts by providing quality athletic footwear that is comfortable and stylish. Hertz Rent-a-Car fulfills the need for transportation when traveling, whether it is for business or pleasure. With convenient rental locations and a variety of car models, it offers flexibility and convenience. Amazon Online Shopping provides consumers with a convenient and efficient way to shop for a wide range of products from the comfort of their own homes. The online platform offers competitive prices and an extensive selection, making it easy for consumers to find what they need.
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a. The president of a company has come to you for help. Use the following data to prepare a flexible budget for possible sales/production levels of 10,000, 11,000, and 12,000 units. Show the contribution margin and operating income at each activity level. Sales price RM24 per unit Variable costs: Manufacturing RM12 per unit Administrative RM 3 per unit Selling RM 1 per unit Fixed costs: Manufacturing Administrative RM 60,000 20,000 5 ...54 b. Vipin Deco manufactures curtains. A certain window requires the following: Direct materials standard 10 square metres at RM5 per metre Direct manufacturing labour standard 5 hours at RM10 During the second quarter, the company made 1,500 curtains and used 14,000 square metres of fabric costing RM68,600. Direct labour totalled 7,600 hours for RM79,800. Required: i. Compute the direct materials price and efficiency variances for the quarter. ii. Compute the direct manufacturing labour rate and efficiency variances for the quarter.
a. Flexible budget to calculate contribution margin and operating income at each activity level.
b. Actual usage and costs must be taken into account for Vipin Deco.
a. To prepare the flexible budget, we need to calculate the contribution margin and operating income at each activity level using the given data. Let's compute it for each sales/production level:
Sales/Production Level: 10,000 units
Sales Revenue: 10,000 units * RM24 per unit = RM240,000
Variable Costs: (10,000 units * RM12 per unit) + (10,000 units * RM3 per unit) + (10,000 units * RM1 per unit) = RM160,000
Contribution Margin: RM240,000 - RM160,000 = RM80,000
Operating Income: RM80,000 - RM60,000 - RM20,000 - RM5,000 = RM-5,000 (Loss)
Similarly, we can calculate the contribution margin and operating income for sales/production levels of 11,000 and 12,000 units.
b. To calculate the variances for direct materials and direct manufacturing labor, we need to compare the actual usage and costs with the standard quantities and rates. Let's compute the variances:
i. Direct Materials Variances:
Actual usage: 14,000 square metres
Actual cost: RM68,600
Standard usage: 1,500 curtains * 10 square metres = 15,000 square metres
Standard cost: 15,000 square metres * RM5 per metre = RM75,000
Direct Materials Price Variance: Actual cost - (Standard price * Actual usage)
= RM68,600 - (RM5 * 14,000) = RM68,600 - RM70,000 = RM-1,400 (Favorable)
Direct Materials Efficiency Variance: (Standard price * Actual usage) - (Standard price * Standard usage)
= (RM5 * 14,000) - (RM5 * 15,000) = RM70,000 - RM75,000 = RM-5,000 (Unfavorable)
ii. Direct Manufacturing Labour Variances:
Actual hours: 7,600 hours
Actual cost: RM79,800
Standard hours: 1,500 curtains * 5 hours = 7,500 hours
Standard rate: RM10 per hour
Direct Manufacturing Labour Rate Variance: Actual cost - (Standard rate * Actual hours)
= RM79,800 - (RM10 * 7,600) = RM79,800 - RM76,000 = RM3,800 (Unfavorable)
Direct Manufacturing Labour Efficiency Variance: (Standard rate * Actual hours) - (Standard rate * Standard hours)
= (RM10 * 7,600) - (RM10 * 7,500) = RM76,000 - RM75,000 = RM1,000 (Favorable)
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prepare the current year statement of cash flows for avalos corporation. (cash outflows should be indicated by a minus sign.)
The company's cash and cash equivalents increased from $20,000 at the beginning of the year to $108,000 at the end of the year.
Preparation of statement of cash flows for Avalos Corporation The statement of cash flows is one of the critical financial statements that provide insights into the cash inflows and outflows of a company during the given period. The statement of cash flows presents the changes in a company's cash position during a given period, including operating, investing, and financing activities. The primary purpose of preparing a cash flow statement is to assist investors, creditors, and other users in evaluating the company's financial position, liquidity, and solvency. The preparation of the current year statement of cash flows for Avalos Corporation is as follows:Cash flows from operating activities:Net income $140,000Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:Depreciation expense 25,000Decrease in accounts receivable 18,000Decrease in inventory 20,000Increase in accounts payable 15,000Net cash provided by operating activities 178,000Cash flows from investing activities:Purchase of equipment (120,000)Net cash used in investing activities (120,000)Cash flows from financing activities:Payment of dividends (30,000)Issuance of common stock 60,000Net cash provided by financing activities 30,000Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 88,000Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 20,000Cash and cash equivalents, end of year 108,000In conclusion, the statement of cash flows for Avalos Corporation shows the changes in the cash position of the company for the current year. The statement shows that the company generated net cash of $178,000 from operating activities, invested $120,000 in purchasing new equipment, and received $30,000 from financing activities.
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Please give ratings it will be appreciable, for any query please comment, Thank you Solution, The Correct option, Public Good A public good is non-rivalry and non-excludable in nature. Hence, people can't be excluded from enjoying.
People cannot be excluded from enjoying public goods. The correct answer is that people cannot be excluded from enjoying public goods.
Public goods are goods or services that are non-excludable, meaning that once they are provided, it is impossible or impractical to exclude individuals from enjoying their benefits. In other words, public goods are available for everyone to use and enjoy, and individuals cannot be denied access to them.
Unlike private goods, which can be restricted to only those who pay for them, public goods are characterized by their non-rivalrous and non-excludable nature. Non-rivalrous means that one person's use or consumption of the good does not diminish its availability to others. Non-excludable means that it is not feasible to exclude individuals from enjoying the benefits of the good or service.
Examples of public goods include clean air, national defense, street lighting, and public parks. These goods are provided by the government or other entities for the collective benefit of society. Since public goods are available to all and cannot be withheld from anyone, people cannot be excluded from enjoying them.
Therefore, the correct answer is that people cannot be excluded from enjoying public goods.
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The complete question is:
People can't be excluded from enjoying which of the following products? private goods private services O public goods durable goods An increase in spending that leads to further increases in spending and GDP, other things equal, describes the income multiplier. the wealth effect. the foreign purchase effect. inflation.
A U.S. firm has total assets valued at €813,000 located in Germany. This valuation did not change from last year. Last year, the exchange rate was €.9467/$. Today, the exchange rate is €.8989/$. By what amount did these assets change in value on the firm's U.S. financial statements?
The value of the assets on the U.S. firm's financial statements changed by -$47,920.
To calculate the change in the value of the assets on the U.S. firm's financial statements, we need to determine the difference in the valuation of the assets in euros between last year and today, and then convert that difference into U.S. dollars.
The total assets of the U.S. firm in euros did not change from last year, remaining at €813,000. However, the exchange rate changed from €.9467/$ last year to €.8989/$ today. This means that the U.S. dollar strengthened against the euro.
To find the change in value, we subtract the value of the assets in euros at the current exchange rate from the value in euros at the previous exchange rate:
Value change = €813,000 (€.8989/$ - €.9467/$)
Converting the change in value from euros to U.S. dollars:
Value change = €813,000 * (€.8989/$ - €.9467/$)
Calculating this expression yields a value change of approximately -$47,920 on the U.S. firm's financial statements. The negative sign indicates a decrease in value due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the euro.
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issuing marketable securities is the primary way businesses finance their operations. true false
The statement "issuing marketable securities is the primary way businesses finance their operations" is a False statement.
What is the reason?Although issuing securities is one of the ways for businesses to finance their operations, it is not the primary way. A business can finance its operations through different methods, including issuing debt, bank loans, and equity financing. Issuing securities, including stocks and bonds, is one of the ways for businesses to raise capital.
This method involves selling securities to investors who then become shareholders or bondholders. The investors earn returns through dividends or interest payments. However, it is not the primary way that businesses finance their operations. Instead, businesses may also finance their operations through debt financing, where they borrow funds from lenders, such as banks or financial institutions.
Rather, businesses can finance their operations through various methods, including debt financing, equity financing, and other sources.
Hence, its false.
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To prepare for this problem, read carefully the A Closer Look box on Natural Resources, the Environment, and the National Income Accounts. Then, answer the following questions. Let's say that a given nation has two options: Option One: Produce $68.0 million in output and generate no pollution. Option Two: Produce $80.0 million in output and generate $27.5 million in pollution. Under Option One, million will be added to GDP. (Round your answer to one decimal place.) Under Option Two, $ million will be added to GDP. (Round your answer to one decimal place.)
Under Option One, where $68.0 million in output is produced with no pollution, no million will be added to GDP.
This is because in the national income accounts, only market transactions are considered as additions to GDP. Since there is no pollution generated, which is not a market transaction, it does not contribute to GDP.
Under Option Two, where $80.0 million in output is produced and $27.5 million in pollution is generated, $80.0 million will be added to GDP. This is because the value of goods and services produced is included in GDP, regardless of any negative externalities such as pollution. However, it's important to note that GDP does not capture the negative impact of pollution on the overall well-being or sustainability of the economy and society. It only measures the market value of economic output.
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OMC Marine is trying to establish the standard labor cost of a typical water-cool pump repair. The following data have been collected from time and motion studies conducted over the past month.
Actual time spent on pump repair1.5 hours
Hourly wage rate$18Payroll taxes10% of wage rate
Onsite setup and downtime10% of actual labor time
Final adjustments and testing20% of actual labor time
Fringe benefits25% of wage rate
Required:
a) Determine the standard direct labor hours per pump repair
b) Determine the standard direct labor hourly rate.
c) Determine the standard direct labor cost per pump repair.
d) If a pump repair took 1.75 hours at the standard hourly rate, what was the direct labor quantity variance?
a) Standard direct labor hours per pump repair: 1.95 hours
b) Standard direct labor hourly rate: $24.30
c) Standard direct labor cost per pump repair: $47.36
d) Direct labor quantity variance: -$4.86
How to determine standard direct labor hours?To determine the standard direct labor cost for a water-cool pump repair, we need to consider the actual time spent on the repair, the hourly wage rate, payroll taxes, onsite setup and downtime, final adjustments and testing, and fringe benefits.
a) Standard direct labor hours per pump repair:
The standard direct labor hours per pump repair can be calculated by adding the actual labor time spent on the repair with the time for onsite setup and downtime, and final adjustments and testing.
Standard direct labor hours per pump repair = Actual time spent + Onsite setup and downtime + Final adjustments and testing
Given:
Actual time spent on pump repair = 1.5 hours
Onsite setup and downtime = 10% of actual labor time = 0.1 * 1.5 hours = 0.15 hours
Final adjustments and testing = 20% of actual labor time = 0.2 * 1.5 hours = 0.3 hours
Standard direct labor hours per pump repair = 1.5 hours + 0.15 hours + 0.3 hours = 1.95 hours
How to determine standard direct labor hourly rate?The standard direct labor hourly rate can be calculated by multiplying the hourly wage rate by (1 + payroll taxes + fringe benefits).
Payroll taxes = 10% of the wage rate = 0.1 * $18 = $1.8
Fringe benefits = 25% of the wage rate = 0.25 * $18 = $4.5
Standard direct labor hourly rate = Hourly wage rate * (1 + payroll taxes + fringe benefits)
= $18 * (1 + $1.8/$18 + $4.5/$18)
= $18 * (1 + 0.1 + 0.25)
= $18 * 1.35
= $24.30
How to determine standard direct labor cost?c) Standard direct labor cost per pump repair:
The standard direct labor cost per pump repair can be calculated by multiplying the standard direct labor hours per pump repair by the standard direct labor hourly rate.
Standard direct labor cost per pump repair = Standard direct labor hours per pump repair * Standard direct labor hourly rate
= 1.95 hours * $24.30/hour
= $47.36
How to determine direct labor quantity variance?d) Direct labor quantity variance:
To calculate the direct labor quantity variance, we need to compare the actual labor hours with the standard labor hours and multiply the difference by the standard hourly rate.
Actual labor hours = 1.75 hours (given)
Direct labor quantity variance = (Actual labor hours - Standard direct labor hours per pump repair) * Standard direct labor hourly rate
= (1.75 hours - 1.95 hours) * $24.30/hour
= -0.2 hours * $24.30/hour
= -$4.86
The direct labor quantity variance for the pump repair is -$4.86.
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MEENERY Prepare the journal entry for purchasing $100,000 bonds for cash. Prepare the journal entry when purchased $1,000 raw materials on account. Prepare the journal entry for issuing $300,000 bonds
The journal entry for purchasing $100,000 bonds for cash would be a debit to the Bond Investment account and a credit to the Cash account. The journal entry for purchasing $1,000 raw materials on account would be a debit to the Raw Materials inventory account and a credit to the Accounts Payable account. The journal entry for issuing $300,000 bonds would be a debit to the Cash account and a credit to the Bonds Payable account.
When purchasing $100,000 bonds for cash, the company would increase its investment in bonds (Bond Investment) and decrease its cash. Therefore, the journal entry would include a debit to the Bond Investment account and a credit to the Cash account, both for $100,000.
When purchasing $1,000 of raw materials on account, the company would increase its inventory of raw materials (Raw Materials) and also create a liability to the supplier (Accounts Payable). The journal entry would include a debit to the Raw Materials inventory account for $1,000 and a credit to the Accounts Payable account for the same amount.
When issuing $300,000 bonds, the company would receive cash from investors. This would increase the company's cash balance, and at the same time, create a liability for the bonds issued (Bonds Payable). The journal entry would include a debit to the Cash account for $300,000 and a credit to the Bonds Payable account for the same amount.
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QUESTION 1 The Purchasing Department often wasted time going back to company's managers who gave them order forms which could not be used for some reason or another. So they recorded the problems over
The Purchasing Department can take several actions to address the issues and streamline the ordering process.
They can implement a standardized order form template that includes all the necessary fields and prompts managers to provide complete information. This can help reduce the instances of missing information on the order forms. The department can establish clear communication channels with managers to ensure accurate order quantities. They can set up a system where managers can easily communicate their requirements and any changes in quantities, minimizing errors in the ordering process. To address the issue of items being out of stock, the Purchasing Department can work closely with the inventory management team to improve stock monitoring and replenishment processes. They can implement a real-time inventory tracking system to have better visibility of stock levels and ensure timely restocking to meet demand.
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5- Today management-employee relations in Britain more about
involvement, engagement, participation and partnership rather than
collective bargaining and conflict resolution. T/F
True.
In recent years, there has been a shift in management-employee relations in Britain towards a greater emphasis on involvement, engagement, participation, and partnership, rather than relying primarily on collective bargaining and conflict resolution.
This shift reflects a growing recognition of the benefits of collaborative and cooperative approaches to workplace relations. It is believed that involving employees in decision-making processes, fostering engagement and participation, and establishing partnerships between management and employees can lead to improved productivity, employee satisfaction, and overall organizational performance. This trend aligns with the broader movement towards more employee-centric and collaborative models of management and reflects a changing landscape of workplace dynamics.
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A favourable cost variance of significant magnitude:
a.
be does not need to be investigated
b.
indicates that management does not need to be concerned about lax standards
c.
may lead to improved production methods of investigated
d.
is a result of good planning
It will assist the company in identifying the source of the cost savings and using that knowledge to make continuous improvements in cost management.
The favourable cost variance of significant magnitude may lead to improved production methods of investigated. This option is the correct answer. A favourable cost variance is the difference between the actual cost incurred and the budgeted cost, which benefits the company. This variance shows the effectiveness of cost management. The favourable cost variance could be the result of good planning, but it may also be a consequence of improved production methods. Management must investigate the cause of the favourable cost variance to determine its root cause, whether it is the result of improved production methods or good planning. Management cannot ignore or overlook favourable cost variances of significant magnitude because they are an indication that something good has happened. The management should investigate them because they could be a sign of an opportunity to improve. The management should investigate to determine if it is due to improved production methods, better management, or simply a fluke. It will assist the company in identifying the source of the cost savings and using that knowledge to make continuous improvements in cost management.
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Option (c), The favorable cost variance of significant magnitude indicates that the management may lead to improved production methods of investigation.
A favorable cost variance of significant magnitude is the amount by which actual costs differ from the budgeted costs in a favorable way, and this indicates that the actual cost incurred is less than the budgeted cost, implying that the management has done an excellent job in planning and executing the budget.
As a result of good planning, an enterprise will achieve a favorable cost variance of significant magnitude. However, it should be investigated to figure out how this variance occurred and whether it can be replicated in the future. This analysis will reveal whether the favorable cost variance occurred as a result of superior performance or low-performance standards.
The favorable cost variance of significant magnitude may lead to improved production methods of investigated by management in an effort to maintain or increase the level of savings obtained. When investigating the causes of favorable cost variances, management may also find ways to improve the production process, improve product quality, or improve their use of resources. As a result, a favorable cost variance of significant magnitude should always be investigated for its cause and effect. It can never be taken lightly or dismissed without a thorough examination of the situation and a clear understanding of the factors that led to the variance
A favorable cost variance of significant magnitude may lead to improved production methods of investigated by management.
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