DNA molecules control the creation of proteins to express the genetic information they carry (Option C).
Specific RNA molecules are made using the DNA sequence information as a template, and these RNA molecules are subsequently used to construct proteins. A large number of cellular processes, including those involving structural elements, enzymes, and signalling molecules, are carried out by proteins, whose exact amino acid sequences are defined by DNA information.
What is meant by protein?Muscle, bone, skin, hair, and practically every other body part or tissue include protein.
It contributes to the production of hemoglobin, which transports oxygen in the blood, and enzymes, which drive numerous chemical reactions.
You are made up of at least 10,000 distinct proteins, which also keep you that way.
The three basic classes of proteins globular, fibrous, and membrane that correspond to typical tertiary structures can be arbitrarily grouped into three groups.
In order for your body to repair damaged cells and create new ones, you need protein in your diet.
Children, teenagers, and expectant women all need protein for healthy growth and development.
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pls help my hw is due in a few hrs
The primary functional difference between mitotic anaphase and meiotic anaphase II is that in mitotic anaphase, the sister chromatids are separated and move to opposite sides of the cell while in meiotic anaphase II, the homologous chromosomes are separated and move to opposite sides of the cell.
What is the primary functional difference between mitotic anaphase and meiotic anaphase II ?The primary functional difference between mitotic anaphase and meiotic anaphase II is that in mitotic anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell, whereas in meiotic anaphase II, the homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.During mitotic anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers, and they move to opposite poles of the cell. This results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same genetic information as the original parent cell.During meiotic anaphase II, the homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. This results in four haploid daughter cells, each with half of the genetic information of the original parent cell. This process is known as reductional segregation, and it is important for sexual reproduction because it allows for genetic diversity in the offspring.In summary, the primary functional difference between mitotic anaphase and meiotic anaphase II is that in mitotic anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell, whereas in meiotic anaphase II, the homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. This process of reductional segregation allows for genetic diversity in sexual reproduction.To learn more about mitotic anaphase and meiotic anaphase II refer to:
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Classify the statements as describing a gene, a chromosome, or a genome.Gene Chromosome Genome Each organism has one Determines a particular characteristic of an organism Describes the collection of all of the replicable genetic material of a cell or organism Codes for a specific Is the largest Is a linear or protein or RNA molecule in the cell circular molecule Encodes all the heritable Is a unit of DNA carrying genetic traits of an organism information encoded in genes Is a contiguous Functions to package, organize, Acts as the basic piece of DNA and regulate access to DNA unit of heredity May include plasmids
Answer:
Gene – Codes for a specific protein or RNA molecule in the cell Chromosome – Is a linear or circular molecule, is a unit of DNA carrying genetic information encoded in genes, and acts as the basic unit of heredity Genome – Describes the collection of all of the replicable genetic material of a cell or organism, encodes all the heritable genetic traits of an organism, functions to package, organize, and regulate access to DNA, and may include plasmids.
a . how does the process of mitosis faithfully parcel out exact copies of this heritable information in the production of genetically identical daughter cells?
The process of mitosis faithfully parcel out exact copies of heritable information in the production of genetically identical daughter cells is the mitosis ensure the exact amount of genetic material, including parental chromosomes, is distributed to daughter cells during mitosis.
Mitosis, in which identical daughter cells are created, is thought to be the fundamental process of life. Meiosis, on the other hand, makes sure that all generations of offspring have the same quantity of genetic material. The process of mitosis is when a cell repeats its genetic makeup and cellular makeup. These cells then divide, giving rise to two daughters that are identical.
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how would the properties of water change if the water molecule were linear rather than bent? why would it be less satisfactory as the basis for living cells?
If the water molecule were linear rather than bent, it would not be able to form hydrogen bonds as easily, therefore making it less effective to participate in chemical reactions involving hydrogen bonding interactions.
If water were linear, it would not have a permanent dipole moment and would not be able to form hydrogen bonds as easily. This would make it less effective at dissolving polar substances and participating in chemical reactions involving hydrogen bonding. It would also be a poorer solvent for ionic compounds. These properties would make it less satisfactory as the basis for living cells because many biological molecules require a solvent that can effectively dissolve polar and ionic substances and participate in hydrogen bonding interactions.
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consider a cell in g0. use the information in model 1 and model 2 to answer the following question: what if the phase(s) you identified in part a of this question did not occur? what would be the outcome for the cell in that case?
Model 1 states that the arrow's length represents time. It would take less time to create a malignant cell if several abnormally small diseased cells existed.
What do you name a malignant cell?Groups of aberrant cells that collectively create lumps or growths are tumors. The trillions many cells that make up our bodies are where they can begin. Whether a tumor is cancerous (malignant), non-cancerous (benign), or precancerous, it affects how it grows and behaves.
What indications are there that a cell was cancerous?Cancer cells frequently have abnormally large and shaped bodies. Compared to typical cells, they could be bigger or smaller. In order to function properly, normal cells frequently have specific morphologies. Cancer cells frequently exhibit deformed forms and lack vital functions.
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a(an) ________ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.
o embryo
o placenta
o protean
o zygote
The correct option is D; zygote , a(an) zygote begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.
A sperm and an egg combine to form a one-cell structure known as a zygote. At this moment, the baby's sex and genetic composition have been determined. The zygote splits and grows throughout the first week following conception, growing from a one-cell structure to two cells, then four cells, then eight cells, and so on.
zygote. the haploid gametes (sperm and egg), which unite to form the diploid fertilized egg, during fertilization. meiosis. the division of cells inside the reproductive organs of a sexually reproducing organism to create haploid gametes from diploid cells.
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describe what would occur in the cell if the activated kinase enzyme continued to be active for a long time
As long as the protein kinases were active, the transcription factor would continue to transcribe the DNA strand.
Failure to activate tyrosine kinase would impede the phosphorylation of the tyrosine's substrate protein, which is essential for receptor activation. As a result, the specialized relay proteins found within the cell would be unable to recognize the receptor.
When MAP kinases are active, transcription factors in the cytoplasm or nucleus are phosphorylated and activated, resulting in the production of certain target genes and a biological response.
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Odette is trying to determine how much carbohydrate she should consume in her diet to meet the AMDR for health. Her total energy intake needed to maintain her current weight is 1,900 kcal per day. She has learned that the AMDR for carbohydrate is 45% to 65% of total energy intake.
Odette is trying to determine how much carbohydrate she should consume in her diet to meet the AMDR for health. Her total energy intake needed to maintain her current weight is 1,900 kcal per day. She has learned that the AMDR for carbohydrate is 45% to 65
Odette should aim to consume between 3420 g and 4940 g of carbohydrates per day to meet the AMDR for health.
To determine how many carbohydrates Odette should consume in her diet to meet the AMDR, she first needs to calculate the range of total energy intake that should come from carbohydrates. The AMDR for carbohydrate is 45% to 65% of total energy intake. To calculate this range, Odette can use the following formula: Minimum: (45% of total energy intake) = (0.45 x 1,900 kcal) = 855 kcal. Maximum: (65% of total energy intake) = (0.65 x 1,900 kcal) = 1235 kcalSo, based on the AMDR, Odette should aim to consume between 855 and 1235 kcal from carbohydrates per day. To convert this range to grams, she needs to multiply the number of kcal by 4, because one gram of carbohydrate provides 4 kcal. Minimum: 855 kcal x 4/g = 3420 g. Maximum: 1235 kcal x 4/g = 4940 Therefore, Odette should aim to consume between 3420 g and 4940 g of carbohydrates per day to meet the AMDR for health. It's important to note that energy needs can vary among people and that the range of carbohydrate intake given by the AMDR, can also vary depending on the physical activity and the health condition, so it's important to consult a registered dietitian or a healthcare professional
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if a plant cell is placed in a salt solution and the following observation is observed, what is the probable explanation of the net movement of molecules? (1 point)
When a plant cell is placed in a salt solution, the salt will lose water and will shrivel up.
When a particular plant cell is placed in a salt solution, we will be able to observe that the water flows out from plant cells as a result of the process of exosmosis and this causes the shrinkage of cells which is known as plasmolysis and these cells will now be called plasmolyzed cells.
During osmosis, the movement of the flow of water occurs from a region of highwater potential to low water potential. In this case, the water potential present inside the plant cell is more as compared to the water which is present outside in the salt solution.
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although koch's postulates present a logical framework for establishing a particular microbe as the cause of a disease, they cannot always be applied today because blank . multiple choice question. it is unethical to use animals for medical testing virtually all pathogens have been identified some causative disease agents cannot be grown in pure culture molecular methods are much more reliable and rapid
Using molecular and genetic evidence, koch's postulates provide a justification for identifying a specific bacterium as the origin of an illness.
How well does genetic evidence lend credence to evolution?The shared origin of life is reflected in DNA as well as the genetic code. DNA comparisons can reveal how closely related different species are. Biogeography. The diversity of life on Earth is reflected in both the dispersion of organisms as well as the distinctive characteristics of island species.
What three places can you find genetic data?Mutation, recombination, and gene immigration are the three main causes of genetic variation.
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Maggie recorded her observations of the baking soda used in lab today. which observation indicated a chemical
property of the baking soda?
a. the texture is fine crystals.
b. she observes bubbles.
c. the color is white.
d. the substance dissolves.
The observation that indicates a chemical property of the baking soda is: (b) she observes bubbles.
Chemical property of any substance is the one that has the ability to cause some chemical changes in the substance. It changes the chemical bonds of the substances during a chemical reaction that causes the substance to change.
Baking soda is also known by its chemical name sodium bicarbonate. Baking soda can react with an acidic substances that releases carbon dioxide and therefore bubbles are observed. It is widely used in the baking purposes due to its property of chemical leavener.
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The primary difference between an enhancer and a promoter proximal element is that: a. Enhancers are transcription factors, promoter proximal elements are DNA sequences. b. Enhancers enhance transcription; promoter proximal-elements inhibit transcription c. Enhancers are part of the core promoter: promoter proximal elements are regulatory sequences distinct from the core promoter. d. Enhancers are at considerable distances from the core promoter; promoter proximal elements are close to the core promoter
The primary difference between an enhancer and a promoter proximal element is that: Enhancers are transcription factors, promoter proximal elements are DNA sequences.
What is transcription factors?Proteins called transcription factors are involved in the process of turning DNA into RNA, or transcribed DNA. A large variety of proteins—aside from RNA polymerase—called transcription factors start and control how genes are transcribed.
Promoter proximal element :Any regulatory region in eukaryotic DNA that is close to (within 200 base pairs) a promoter and binds a particular protein, influencing the transcription of the related protein coding gene is termed as Promoter proximal element. Many promoter-proximal elements regulate many genes.
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what is the major difference between the national park service and the united states forest service
The National Park Service's mission is to protect natural, historic, and cultural resources for present and future generations to enjoy and learn from. There are very tight laws about what you may and cannot do inside a national park, which are managed and administered by the park service, a division of the US Department of the Interior.
In a national park, logging and any commercial or other resources that compromise the park's sacredness are not permitted (a handful of exceptions do exist). The NPS also oversees national recreational areas, as well as national scenic rivers. The USFS seeks to benefit people for many generations to come by using the land, timber, and grasslands sustainable.
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Select the term that best fits the definition. is the process of cutting DNA into fragments and inserting the fragments with a desired gene into another organism of the same or different species. is DNA made by connecting fragments of DNA with desired traits from different DNA sources. is an organism that contains functional recombinant DNA.
The term that best fits the definition : Genetic engineering, Recombinant DNA and transgenic organism.
What is genetic engineering?Cutting DNA into pieces and putting the desired gene(s) into another organism of the same or different species is known as genetic engineering. By joining or recombining DNA fragments from several sources, recombinant DNA is created.
Recombinant DNA is a mixture of DNA from two or more different organisms. Segments of DNA from one organism are inserted into chromosomes of another host organism.
A transgenic organism is one that has undergone genetic modification using recombinant DNA technology, which either entails the fusion of DNA from various genomes or the introduction of foreign DNA into a genome.
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why would it be important that many metabolic byproducts be precursors for gluconeogenesis? why is this an important bodily process?
glucose is very essential to our body, especially in states of medium or high intensity exercise. By having all these precursors, it ensures that glucose will be made through gluconeogenesis.
The process of converting non-carbohydrate substrates (such as lactate, amino acids, and glycerol) into glucose is known as gluconeogenesis (Figure 1). Lactate and alanine are both converted into pyruvate before entering the mitochondrion and being carboxylated to oxaloacetate (OAA) by pyruvate carboxylase (PC). OAA is then reduced to malate and transported to the cytoplasm, where it is reoxidized to OAA, decarboxylated, and then phosphorylated to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) by cytosolic PEP carboxykinase (PEPCK-C). Recent research indicates that, in addition to cytosolic PEPCK, mitochondrial OAA can be directly converted to PEP by mitochondrial PEPCK (PEPCK-M) and then shuttled to the cytoplasm.
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when radiation safety principles are correctly applied during imaging procedures, the energy deposited in living tissue by the radiation can be limited. this results in: group of answer choices completely eliminating the possibility for reducing the potential for adverse effects no change in the possibility for reducing the potential for adverse effects increasing the potential for adverse effects reducing the potential for adverse effects
when radiation safety principles are correctly applied during imaging procedures, the energy deposited in living tissue by the radiation can be limited. this results in: reducing the potential for adverse effects
Many medical imaging procedures involve the use of radiation. Medical imaging procedures deliver x-ray beams, a type of ionizing radiation, to a specific part of the body, creating a digital image or film that shows the structures inside that area, such as bones, tissues, and organs. These images can be used by healthcare providers for diagnostics, determining what is causing your health problem, and, in some cases, guiding treatment. A radiologist, a medical professional who is trained and certified to conduct radiation imaging studies, typically performs imaging procedures in radiology or imaging centers in hospitals or clinics. Medical radiation practices and equipment are governed.
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which part of the phospholipid is found inside the membrane away from water?
The phosphate heads of phospholipids face the external watery side, while the fatty acid tails face within, away from water.
Phospholipids are lipids with phosphate groups and are a crucial part of cell membranes. The hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail make up phospholipids.
The phospholipid is simply a triglyceride in which a phosphate group of some kind has been added in place of a fatty acid. A phospholipid's long fatty acid chains are nonpolar and avoid water because they are insoluble in it.
The phosphate group is located in the "head" of the molecule, which is hydrophilic and will dissolve in water. Two hydrophobic fatty acids make comprise the molecule's "tail," which prevents it from dissolving in water.
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living organisms, such as trees and cows, share certain characteristics of life. which statement describes a difference in one of the characteristics of life shared by trees and cows?
Cellular organization, the capacity for sexual reproduction, growth and development, energy usage, homeostasis, reaction to their milieu, and the capacity for adaptation are something like by all living creatures.
What does cellular organization entail?Cellular organization refers to the elements that comprise a cell. Organelles are the collective name for all of the distinct and important roles that each element of the cell is responsible for performing. Varying levels of organization exist in all living things.
What are the benefits of cellular organization?In order to exist, living beings must do certain actions. To keep the body functioning, different sections do various tasks. To maintain the animal alive, all of its parts function harmoniously.
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the structures which are between the urethra and the vas deferens are the ?
The structures which are between the urethra and the vas deferens are ejaculatory duct in male reproductive system.
The male reproductive system includes the outside genitals (, testes and the scrotum) and internal parts, consisting of the prostate gland, vas deferens and urethra. a man's fertility and sexual trends depend upon the normal functioning of the male reproductive system, in addition to hormones launched from the brain.
Vas deferens: The vas deferens is a long, muscular tube that travels from the epididymis into the pelvic hollow space, to just in the back of the bladder. The vas deferens transports mature sperm to the urethra in practise for ejaculation.
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This protein on the vesicle binds calcium, and when activated, swings down to knock complexin out of the SNARE complex, allowing it to fully zip closed and release transmitter from the vesicle
Synaptotagmin-1, a protein that recognises calcium ions at synapses, collaborates with the SNARE complex to promote vesicle fusion with the cell membrane.
What does snare protein stand for?NSF stands for N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor, SNARE stands for soluble NSF attachment protein, and SNAP represents for SNARE receptor! Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors is a less descriptive but more straightforward use of the SNARE acronym recently employed [1, 4-5].A helical bundle made up of four SNARE motifs mediates the interaction of individual SNAREs to form a complex (Figure 1(a)). In the instance of the synaptic SNARE complex, syntaxin (t-/Q-SNARE) contributes one SNARE motif, SNAP-25 (t-/Q-SNARE) contributes two, and VAMP (v-/R-SNARE) contributes one.SNAREs are membrane- and surface-bound small proteins that are joined by a segment that spans the membrane or by lipid chains that are covalently adhered. The SNARE proteins produce a compact bundle of alpha helices when they interact, drawing the membranes together.To learn more about snare protein refers to:
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ergot is a fungus . a. found atop desert cactus plants b. in moldy rye grain c. attached to morning glory seeds d. related to penicillin
In moldy wheat grains, ergot is usually found (option B)
The fungus Claviceps purpurea, which infects the growing grains of wheat and grasses, is the cause of the plant disease ergot. When ergot bodies instead of kernels emerge during kernel formation, ergot symptoms become visible.
The overwintering structures in the disease cycle are the ergot bodies, also known as sclerotia, which are made of a dense mass of fungal mycelium. The ergot bodies are composed of an inside that ranges in color from white to grey and an exterior that is hard and protective. They can be up to ten times larger than the seed they have replaced, are frequently elongated, and emerge from the glumes of developing heads. Ergot bodies may be up to two centimeters in some grains.
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layer of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle?
Each muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the epimysium.
which is the outermost layer of connective tissue?
A layer or sheet of connective tissue is referred to as fascia. The body wall, blood arteries, nerves, and the epimysium are all enclosed or lined by the deep fascia, which also surrounds the epimysium.
What do the 3 connective tissue layers around muscle surround?
The layer of connective tissue known as the endomysium surrounds individual muscle fibers. The layer of connective tissue known as the perimysium surrounds the bundles of muscle fibers. The connective tissue layer that envelops a complete muscle is called the epimysium (multiple muscle fibre bundles).
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The air sacs that are covered with capillaries where gas exchange takes placeanswer choicesbronchilungsoxygenalveoli
The air sacs that are covered with capillaries where gas exchange takes place is the alveoli.
The alveoli are the small air sacs near the bronchioles' ends (tiny branches of air tubes in the lungs).The alveoli exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood when you breathe in and out. When oxygen is inhaled from the air, it gets to the body's tissues via the alveoli, blood, and tissues throughout the body. The body's tissues release carbon dioxide into the blood, which then passes via the alveoli and is exhaled.
The farthest-reaching part of the respiratory system is represented by the alveoli. The human body contains over 500 million alveoli. An alveolar septum, which houses the pulmonary capillaries involved in gas exchange and connective tissue, divides each alveolus from the neighboring one.
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a renal corpuscle includes the multiple choice glomerulus and glomerular capsule. glomerulus and renal tubule. renal tubule and collecting tubule. glomerular capsule and renal tubule.
A renal corpuscle includes the a. glomerulus and glomerular capsule.
The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in a purplish-red body and are located in the abdominal cavity. The kidneys function as a means of excretion of nitrogen-containing metabolic waste.
Renal corpuscle or renal corpuscle is a kidney structure consisting of glomerulus and glomerular capsule. The glomerular capsule has a double wall with the glomerulus in the capsule cavity. While the glomerulus is a string of blood capillaries whose walls are linked to the glomerular capsule so that substances dissolved in the blood also seep into the glomerular capsule. The glomerulus functions to absorb protein from the blood that travels through the kidney blood cells.
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What is the term for redness and bumpiness in the cheeks or upper arms that is caused by blocked follicles
keratosis pilaris is the term for redness and bumpiness in the cheeks or upper arms that is caused by blocked follicles. it usually do not cause any pain or itching.
Keratosis pilaris is a inoffensive skin condition that causes dry, rough patches and bitsy bumps on the upper arms, shanks, cheeks, and buttocks. The bumps generally don't hurt or itch. Keratosis pilaris is a common skin condition. It can not be cured or averted. still, you can treat it with moisturizers and tradition creams to help ameliorate the appearance of the skin. The condition generally goes down by the age of 30. Keratosis pilaris can do at any age, but it's more common in children. Symptoms include effortless bitsy bumps on the upper arms, shanks, cheeks, or buttocks. Sot, rough skin in bumpy areas. Worse when seasonal changes beget low moisture and dry skin. Goose meat- suchlike sandpaper bumps
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basal metabolic rate is the body's resting rate of: group of answer choices a) the settling point. b) insulin secretion. c) energy expenditure. d) homeostasis.
The body's resting rate of energy expenditure is basal metabolic rate (option C)
The rate at which a person expends energy while at rest is known as basal metabolic rate (BMR), which eliminates the variable effect of physical activity. The BMR is responsible for about 60% of daily energy consumption. This means that it contains the energy required for heart function, proper body cellular equilibrium, brain and other neuron activity, and so forth. Your body burns calories at a basal metabolic rate (BMR), which is a measure of how well your body is able to sustain life.
Age, weight, height, gender, environmental temperature, dietary patterns, and exercise routines are some of the variables that affect the individual metabolism rate, or BMR.
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By comparing homologous sequences of proteins in different organisms, we see that humans and chimps have extremely similar biochemistry, whereas humans and red bread mold have many differences. What does this observation imply?
Select one:
a.
Humans and chimps are the same species
b.
Humans evolved from chimps, not red bread mold
c.
Humans and chimps evolved at the same time
d.
Humans and chimps have a close common ancestor, and humans and red bread mold have a much older common ancestor
the length of the biologic width of tissue covering a tooth is approximately: group of answer choices a) 1 mm b) 2 mm c) 3 mm d) 4 mm
The correct option is b ; 2 mm ,Under local anesthesia, the biologic width can be determined by probing to the bone level (referred to as "sounding to bone") and subtracting the sulcus depth from the resulting value.
If this distance is smaller than 2 mm in one or more spots, a biologic width violation diagnosis can be validated.
The PDL's typical width ranges from 0.15 mm to 0.21 mm and may shrink with aging. 1,4 PDL widening is one of the most significant changes in the circumrenal structures and may be associated with a variety of disorders.
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What happens to the homologous pairs of chromosomes in meiosis I?
During meiosis I, homologous pairs of chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell, also known as the metaphase plate. This process is called synapsis. Once aligned, the homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over. After crossing over, the homologous chromosomes separate, and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibers. This results in the formation of two daughter cells, each with one copy of each homologous pair of chromosomes. This process is known as disjunction.
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1) If this gene that has 5 exons assuming that all gene products have the first and last exon, how many different proteins can YOu make? 2) Below is a mature mRNA drawn by a student_ There are problems with this drawing: Identify all 3_
In molecular biology, RNA splicing is the process by which a newly synthesised precursor messenger RNA transcript is converted into a mature messenger RNA. It operates by deleting all introns and splicing exons back together.
1. An exon is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are covalently joined to one another as part of generating the mature messenger RNA.
Given gene is,
5'-----1-------2------3-------4-------5--------3'
Possible mature mRNAs with the given condition are as follows
a) 5'-1-2-3-4-5-3'
b) 5'-1-3-4-5-3'
c) 5'-1-2-4-5-3'
d) 5'-1-2-3-5-3'
e) 5'-1-2-5-3'
f) 5'-1-3-5-3'
g) 5'-1-4-5-3'
h) 5'-1-5-3'
Therefore a total of 8 possible proteins can be made from this gene.
2. The mature mRNA drawn by the student is
3'-1-3-2-5-5'
The three problems with the drawing are
a) polarity of the mature mRNA is reversed, that is before splicing it was 5'-3' and after splicing it is 3'-5' which is wrong
b) the third exon is placed before the second exon which is not possible.
c) The size of the exons are not conserved, that is it is different before and after splicing (exon 2 and 3) which is not possible.
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