Doctors sometimes use a vaccine to prepare the body to defend itself against future infections.
These vaccines most often contain weakened pathogens.
A vaccination is a biological treatment that boosts resistance to a specific disease. It includes a pathogen that doesn't cause disease, like a virus or pathogens that has been weakened or rendered inactive. The immune system responds to the introduction of this virus by creating specific antibodies in response to it because it perceives it as a foreign substance. The immune system is trained to recognise and respond promptly and effectively if the person is exposed to the real virus later on through this process of exposure to a harmless variant of the disease. White blood cells, antibiotics, and antibodies are all parts of the immune system, but they are not usually included in vaccinations because they are not required to develop a protective immunity.
Learn more about pathogens here:
https://brainly.com/question/13051879
#SPJ4
The thyroid's hormones regulate vital body functions, including:Breathing Heart rate Central and peripheral nervous systems Body weight Muscle strength Menstrual cycles Body temperature Cholesterol levels
The thyroid's hormones regulate vital body functions, including Breathing, Heart rate, Central and peripheral nervous systems, Body weight, Muscle strength Menstrual cycles, Body temperature and Cholesterol levels.
These are the secondary function, the primary function of thyroid gland is to produce thyroxine, which is generally T3 and T4
Levels of T3 and T4 need to be maintained as if they are too low or too high, it could cause problems. pituitary and hypothalamus maintain it.
Thyroid gland is a 2-fold gland which is present around the trachea and is located at the base of neck.
This hormone is also responsible for producing calcitonin, which stimulates the formation of bone and helps regulate the amount of calcium in the blood.
To know more about thyroid,
https://brainly.com/question/12244532
#SPJ4
Who developed the theory that diseases only have natural causes?
A. Darwin
B. Mendel
C. Socrates
D. Hippocrates
Answer:
D. Hippocrates
Explanation:
Hippocrates' search for the natural cause of the disease was used to establish treatment.
Hope it helps:)
Hippocrates developed the theory that diseases only have natural causes. The correct option is D.
Thus, The "Father of Medicine," Hippocrates, developed the idea that illnesses only had natural causes. Between between 460 and 370 BCE, he resided in ancient Greece and made important contributions to medicine.
Hippocrates rejected mystical and supernatural explanations for illnesses and suggested that they were brought on by imbalances in the humours (fluids) of the body.
His method, which laid the groundwork for contemporary scientific medicine, placed an emphasis on observation, rational thinking, and natural explanations for ailments.
Thus, Hippocrates developed the theory that diseases only have natural causes. The correct option is D.
Learn more about Hippocrates, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/14427038
#SPJ4
we have a tall pea plant of an unknown genotype. we testcross it with a known pure-bred short plant and we obtain the following offspring:
The second option is correct: crossing them would result in one alley of tall plant (T) and one alley of short plant (S) (t). As a result, Tt (heterozygous) is the answer.
tt (homozygous recessive) - short
Tt (heterozygous) - Tall
TT (homozygous dominant) - Tall
What is heterozygous?In genetics, heterozygous means that you inherited different versions (alleles) of a genomic marker from each biological parent. As a result, a person who is heterozygous for a genomic marker has two versions of that marker. A person who is homozygous for a marker, on the other hand, has identical versions of that marker.
In diploid species, each pair of chromosomes contains two alleles for each trait of gene, one from the father and one from the mother. An allele is one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that can be found on the same chromosome at the same location, or locus. Heterozygous means having multiple alleles for a specific trait.
To learn more about heterozygous follow the given link:
https://brainly.com/question/3712307
#SPJ4
Complete question:
for water to travel across a cell membrane at a substantial rate, the water molecules travel through protein Channel is known as the aquaporins is that simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, or a active transport
Channel is known as facilitated diffusion. Aquaporins are proteins that act as channels in the cell membrane to allow water to pass through.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport process where molecules or ions are transported across a plasma membrane with the help of carrier proteins. It is a vital part of the cell's membrane transport system and can move solutes in and out of the cell. Unlike simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion does not require any energy expenditure. This type of transport is especially important for molecules that cannot pass through the membrane on their own, such as glucose. The carrier proteins bind to the molecules on one side of the membrane, then undergo a conformational change that allows them to move across the membrane, and finally release the molecules on the other side. This process is constantly occurring in cells and helps maintain cellular homeostasis.
To learn more about facilitated diffusion
https://brainly.com/question/28021053
#SPJ4
a cell is represented in the diagram shown below. see image 2. which statement about the cell is true?
The statements about the cell that is correct, that is, structure B contains DNA involved in transmitting genetic information
A DNA molecule is made up of two lengthy polynucleotide chains with four different kinds of nucleotide subunits. A DNA chain, or DNA strand, is the term used to describe each of these chains. The two chains are joined by hydrogen bonds between the bases of the nucleotides. A base containing nitrogen and one or more phosphate groups are linked to a five-carbon sugar to form a nucleotide. The sugar in DNA nucleotides is deoxyribose, which is joined to a single phosphate group. The two polynucleotide chains that make up DNA's double helix have chemical and structural characteristics that give it its three-dimensional structure.
To learn more about genetic from the given link: https://brainly.com/question/12985618
#SPJ4
The complete question is:
A cell is represented in the diagram shown below. Which one of the following statements about the cell is correct?
Structure B contains DNA involved in transmitting genetic information.cell is not a plasmolysed cellMitochondria is present in the cytoplasm.5.Where in the cell is the information from the mRNA strand translated into a polypeptide chain?
A The ribosomes
B The cell membrane
C In the nucleus
D On the DNA strand
6. Why is gene regulation and expression important to all living organisms?
A Specific signals trigger specific genes to be transcribed and translated.
B The proteins created from this process determine most of the organism's traits.
C Different phases of the life cycle require specific genes for growth and development.
D All of the above
5. Where in the cell is the information from the mRNA strand translated into a polypeptide chain?
A. The ribosomes
6. Why is gene regulation and expression important to all living organisms?
D. All of the above
The translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain occurs in the ribosomes. The mRNA is transported to the ribosomes, where it is read by transfer RNAs (tRNA) and translated into a sequence of amino acids that make up a polypeptide chain.
Gene regulation and expression are important to all living organisms for multiple reasons. Specific signals trigger specific genes to be transcribed and translated, leading to the production of proteins that determine most of the organism's traits. Additionally, different phases of the life cycle require specific genes for growth and development, making gene regulation and expression crucial for the survival and reproduction of the organism.
entomology: participants may be asked to identify how long an animal has been dead based on the type of insects found on the body at the scene.
Since other forensic techniques are equally or more accurate before this point than the bug evidence, the majority of cases involving a forensic entomologist are 72 hours or older.
The most trustworthy method for determining the number of days since death, and possibly the only one, is often bug evidence after three days.The first witnesses to a crime are frequently certain types of insects. If the season is right, such as spring, summer, or fall in Canada, they often arrive within 24 hours after the death and can arrive quickly if there is blood or other bodily fluids present. The Calliphoridae, or blowflies, and the Sarcophagidae are the first two categories of insects (the flesh flies). Other species, like the Piophilidae or cheese skippers, are only drawn to the corpse later, during protein fermentation, and are not interested in the body when it is still alive. Some insects arrive at the scene to feed on other insects instead of being drawn to the body directly.
To learn more about forensic from the link: https://brainly.com/question/14403044
#SPJ4
select all correct statements regarding the structure of archaella. multiple select question. archaella are thinner than bacterial flagella. archaella are composed of multiple types of archaellin subunits. archaella are hollow. archaella structure is identical to that of bacterial flagella.
Archaella are made up of various archaellin component kinds, and although flagella employ ion-motive force for movement, archaella and cilia use ATP.
Is the flagellum of bacteria thinner than that of archaea?In comparison to bacterial flagella, which have a diameter of 20 nm [17], archaeal flagella have a diameter of 10 to 13 nm [4, 16, 33] and are always made up of numerous, frequently glycosylated flagellins (6, 20, 24).
What materials make up bacterial flagella?Thousands of different protein subunits make up the motile organelle known as the bacterial flagellum. The axial structure is the filamentous portion that protrudes from the cell membrane. It is made up of the filament, the hook, and the rod in addition to other smaller sections.
To know more about Archaella visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/5298086
#SPJ4
if a human cell were to increase the amount of cholesterol embedded within its plasma membrane, which of the following would most likely happen? if a human cell were to increase the amount of cholesterol embedded within its plasma membrane, which of the following would most likely happen? the plasma membrane would become more fluid and the phospholipids less stable. the plasma membrane would become more stable, less fluid, and less permeable. the plasma membrane would become more permeable to ions and less permeable to lipids. the cell would form a plaque that could potentially block a blood vessel.
The most likely outcome of an increase in cholesterol embedded within a human cell's plasma membrane would be C. the plasma membrane would become more stable, less fluid, and less permeable.
What happens when a cell membrane's cholesterol content rises?There are numerous ways that cholesterol alters the bilayer structure of biological membranes. Lipid bilayers' intrinsic curvature, fluidity, thickness, compressibility, and water penetration are all altered.
How does the presence of cholesterol in some animals' plasma membranes affect them?Cholesterol reduces fluidity by immobilizing the membrane's outer surface. Small, water-soluble molecules that would otherwise be able to cross the membrane become less able to do so because of this. By separating phospholipid tails, it prevents the membrane from crystallizing.
To learn more about cholesterol alters here:
https://brainly.com/question/19131409
#SPJ4
the pathway map for pyrimidine metabolism indicates that biosynthesis of ump requires intermediates from which pathways. 1. Glycolysis II. Citric Acid Cycle Pentose Phosphate Pathway IV. Arginine Metabolism V. Alanine, Aspartate, and Glutamate Metabolism VI. Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine Metabolism. A. I, II, III, IV, V, and VI B. IV, V, and VI C. III, IV, and V D. I and II
the pathway map for pyrimidine metabolism indicates that biosynthesis of ump requires intermediates. For this the correct pathway is B. IV, V, and VI.
Pyrimidines are finally broken down (catabolized) into urea, CO2, and water. Cytosine can be converted to uracil, which can subsequently be transformed by the enzyme beta-ureidopropionase into N-carbamoyl-alanine, beta-alanine, CO2, and ammonia.
Pyrimidines are eventually broken down into CO2, H2O, and urea in the process of catabolism. Cytosine can be converted to uracil, which can subsequently be converted to beta-alanine and N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine. The breakdown product of thymine is -aminoisobutyrate.
In the cytoplasm, pyrimidine metabolism takes place. In contrast to purine synthesis, which creates the ring by connecting atoms to ribose-5-phosphate, pyrimidine is created as a free ring before a ribose-5-phosphate is added to produce direct nucleotides.
Learn more about Cytosine from:
https://brainly.com/question/18979173
#SPJ4
which of the following characteristics are part of the sexual life cycle of most fungi but are not part of the sexual life cycles of plants or animals? which of the following characteristics are part of the sexual life cycle of most fungi but are not part of the sexual life cycles of plants or animals? a zygote stage a unicellular haploid stage fertilization gametes
The correct response is a haploid unicellular stage.
Fungus hyphae have haploid nuclei, whereas animals and plants have diploid nuclei.
When two hyphae collide, a zygosporangium is formed, which is a single cell with multiple haploid nuclei. The zygospore is the cell in the zygosporangium that contains the nuclei. Diploid nuclei are formed when haploid nuclei combine. Spores form when diploid nuclei undergo meiosis and become haploid nuclei. Mitosis is the process by which multicellular haploid fungi are born from spores.
The most visible life stage in a haploid-dominant life cycle is the multicellular (or occasionally unicellular) haploid stage.
Sexual reproduction in fungi is classified into three stages: plasmogamy, karyogamy, and meiosis.
Learn more about " sexual life cycles " to visit here;
https://brainly.com/question/30036416
#SPJ4
correct question:
Which of the following characteristics are part of the sexual life cycle of gotrmost fungi but are not part of the sexual life cycles of plants or animals?
a. Gametes
b. a unicellar hapoid stage
c. a zygote stage
c. fertilization
Order the events in which telomerase maintains chromosomal ends during replication Not all events will be placedFirst event The RNA component of telomerase binds to complementary sequence on the 3- overhang of DNA_ Nucleotides that are complementary to the RNA component of telomerase are added to the 3' end of the DNA_ Telomerase moves along the newly synthesized DNA it has produced toward the end_ Additional nucleotides are added t0 the end of the DNA DNA Polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the RNA primer; replicating the single stranded DNA overhang Primase creates an RNA Primer complementary to section of DNA produced by Telomerase. Telomerase moves along the newly synthesized DNA it has produced toward the 5end_Last event Answei Bank DNA Polymerase adds nucleotides to the5 end of the RNA primer; replicating the single stranded DNA overhang-
Telomerase is an enzyme that helps maintain the integrity of a cell's telomeres.
What do you mean by enzyme?
Enzymes basically are proteins that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions. They speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur. Enzymes are found in all living organisms and are essential for the body’s metabolic processes.
Primase creates an RNA Primer complementary to section of DNA produced by Telomerase.
The RNA component of telomerase binds to complementary sequence on the 3' overhang of DNA,
Telomerase moves along the newly synthesized DNA it has produced toward the 3' end.
Additional nucleotides are added to the end of the DNA.
Telomerase moves along the newly synthesized DNA that it has produced toward the 5' end.
To know more about enzymes,
https://brainly.com/question/14577353
#SPJ4
Identify the organ of the digestive system composed of both endocrine and exocrine tissue located within the curvature of the duodenum.
Stomach
Gallbladder
Pancreas
LIver
The Pancreas is the organ of the digestive system composed of both endocrine and exocrine tissue located within the curvature of the duodenum.
The pancreas is a glandular organ that is located behind the stomach and in front of the spine. The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions. The endocrine function of the pancreas is carried out by specialized cells called islets of Langerhans that produce hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which regulate glucose metabolism. The exocrine function of the pancreas is carried out by cells that secrete enzymes into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of food. These enzymes, including trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, and amylase, are released into the small intestine via the pancreatic duct, which empties into the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine.
To know more about pancreas, click here,
brainly.com/question/24022021
#SPJ4
Animals kept in animal rooms and experimental areas that undergo periodic testing to identify the presence of any microorganisms in the animal colonies are referred to as _____.
Animals kept in animal rooms and experimental areas that undergo periodic testing to identify the presence of any microorganisms in the animal colonies are referred to as sentinel animals.
What do you mean by microorganisms?
Microorganisms, also known as microbes, are microscopic living organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. These organisms are too small to be seen with the bare eye and are found everywhere in the environment, including in air, soil, water, and inside and on the surfaces of living things.
Sentinel animals are used to monitor the health of the animal colonies in animal rooms and experimental areas. By testing these animals periodically, scientists can identify the presence of any microorganisms that may be present in the animal colonies. This helps ensure the animals remain healthy and free from any infectious diseases. In addition, sentinel animals can also provide an early warning system for any potential disease outbreaks in the animal colonies.
To know more about microorganisms,
https://brainly.com/question/10873072
#SPJ4
What is Mucous membranes?
Mucous membrane is made up of epithelial cells which usually cover and protect underlying connective tissues in the body, which is fibrous and elastic tissue built for supporting other structures of the body.
What is Mucous membrane?A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane which lines up various cavities in the body of an organism and also covers the surface of internal organs of the body.
Mucous membrane consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue in the skin. This membrane is mostly of endodermal origin and is continuous with the skin at body openings such as various parts including eyes, eyelids, inside the mouth, lips, the genital areas, and the anus. Some mucous membranes secrete mucus which acts as a thick protective fluid. The function of this membrane is to stop pathogens and dirt from entering the body and to prevent the bodily tissues from becoming dehydrated.
Learn more about Mucous membrane here:
https://brainly.com/question/9893830
#SPJ1
Determine the correct order of the genes on the chromosome, given the following information: Genes O and B cross over at a rate of 15% Genes O and I cross over at a rate of 5% Genes I and B cross over at a rate of 20%
A) IBO
B) BIO
C) OIB
D) BOI
D) BOI. Genes are arranged in BOI order.Genes O well I am separated at 5 map units, while genes B and O were separated buy 15 map units. Genes I & B crossover over at an rate of 20%, meaning that they are separated by 20 map units.The gene ordering is therefore BOI.
B-------------O--------I
15 5
What data is stored on each chromosome?Each chromosome has a specific number of "genes," which are like recipes in a cookbook.The almost 20,000 genes encode proteins, which are necessary building blocks of life.
What three traits do chromosomes possess?Your genes are housed in chromosomes, which are components of every cell.There are hundreds of genes connected by a long DNA thread that makes up each chromosome.Cells contain 46 chromosomes, which are divided in 23 pairs.One chromosome from each of your pairs comes from your mother and father.
To know more about chromosome visit:
https://brainly.com/question/1596925
#SPJ4
Figure 1. A model of the intracellular transport of a newly synthesized secreted protein
Based on the model, the newly synthesized protein is transported directly from the endoplasmic reticulum to where?
The Golgi apparatus is usually referred to as the Golgi body, Golgi complex, or just the Golgi.
The Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bounded organelle that has the appearance of several flat cisterns stacked on top of one another. In mammalian cells, the Golgi apparatus is initially divided during mitosis into tiny vesicles, and it is then reassembled to take on its characteristic shape in each daughter cell. a group of tiny, flat sacs stacked one on top of the other in the cytoplasm of the cell (gel-like fluid). The Golgi complex prepares proteins and lipid (fat) molecules for use both inside and outside of the cell. The Golgi complex is a type of cell organelle. Most eukaryotic cells contain the Golgi apparatus, also called the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or just the Golgi.
Learn more about The Golgi apparatus here:
https://brainly.com/question/28187730
#SPJ4
karen and steve each have a sibling with sickle-cell disease. neither karen nor steve nor any of their parents have the dis- ease, and none of them have been tested to see if they have the sickle-cell trait. based on this incomplete information, calcu- late the probability that if this couple has a child, the child will have sickle-cell disease.
Since each sibling has the sickle-cell disease but the parents do not have the condition, this implies that the parents must be carriers. So, the probability of a child with the disease will be 1/9.
Parents of Steve and Karen carried the sickle cell allele. Steve and Karen had a 1/4 chance of contracting the illness (XX), an x 1/2 chance of becoming a carrier (Xx), and an x 1/4 chance of not being a carrier (Xx) (XX). Since Steve and Karen don't have the illness, we can conclude that they are either Xx or XX. Accordingly, each has a 2/3 chance of being a carrier (Xx). If a kid has the disease, then both parents must be carriers, the likelihood that both parents were carriers is 2/3 x 2/3, or 4/9. One of their progeny will be XX (non-carriers) out of the 4 chances they have out of 9, two will be Xa (carriers), and one will be xx (disease).
To know more about the sickle-cell disease, please visit
https://brainly.com/question/3895081
#SPJ4
which of the following membrane configurations (shown in blue) will result in the greatest rate of atp production?
The membrane configuration in the figure that will result in the greatest rate of ATP production is the one that has the most inner membrane infoldings, or cristae.
This configuration will allow for increased surface area, which will increase the efficiency of the electron transport chain and therefore increase ATP production.
What is ATP production?
ATP production is the process by which cells within living organisms use energy from nutrients to produce the molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
ATP is the main energy source for most cellular processes and is essential for life. During ATP production, energy from nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is converted into a form that can be used by the cell.
This process involves a series of chemical reactions, with the most important being the oxidation of the energy-rich molecules.
Therefoe, The membrane configuration in the figure that will result in the greatest rate of ATP production is the one that has the most inner membrane infoldings, or cristae.
To learn more about ATP production
Here: https://brainly.com/question/893601
#SPJ4
According to the map, which region of Africa receives the most precipitation each year?
Southern Africa
Western Africa
Eastern Africa
Northern Africa
Answer:
Southern Africa (Madagascar)
Explanation:
Hope it helps<3Re-using food products that contain allergens, like fryer oil for example,
will not lead to a food allergy because it is cooked at high temperatures.
TRUE
FALSE
False, because it is fried at a high temperature, causing a food allergy. Reusing foods containing allergies, such as fryer oil
What three sorts of pollutants are there?
Food contamination can result from a variety of food safety risks, although the majority come under one of 3 categories: biological, physical, or chemical contamination.
Which four basic types of pollution are there?
Knowing the dire repercussions if they don't, food makers must take every precaution to prevent contamination and deliver safe products. Physical, biological, chemical, and allergic contamination are the four different types of food contamination. This blog describes these categories and offers advice on how to stay away from them.
To know more temperatures about :-
https://brainly.com/question/11464844
SPJ1
False, because it is fried at a high temperature, causing a food allergy. Reusing foods containing allergies, such as fryer oil
What three sorts of pollutants are there?Food contamination can result from a variety of food safety risks, although the majority come under one of 3 categories: biological, physical, or chemical contamination.
Which four basic types of pollution are there?Knowing the dire repercussions if they don't, food makers must take every precaution to prevent contamination and deliver safe products. Physical, biological, chemical, and allergic contamination are the four different types of food contamination. This blog describes these categories and offers advice on how to stay away from them.
To know more temperatures about :-
brainly.com/question/11464844
#SPJ1
Which of the following graphs best displays population size over time of an r-selected species that has just colonized a new habitat with abundant resources?
r-selected species are more common in exponential graphs when they are in a habitat with unlimited resources.
What is meant by graph ?
A Graph Data Structure will be explained to you in this tutorial. A graph's representations are also available.A collection of nodes that are linked to one another and contain data is known as a graph data structure.When a vertex is considered to be adjacent to another vertex, it signifies that there is an edge bridging the two.There is no edge between vertices 2 and 3, hence they are not neighboring.A path is a series of edges that enables you to move from vertex A to vertex B. From vertex 0 to vertex 2, the pathways are 0-1, 1-2, and 0-2To learn more about graph refer to
https://brainly.com/question/19040584
#SPJ4
In what direction would your center of gravity shift if you were to carry a heavy briefcase .in you left hand with your arm in 90 degrees of abduction at your side?
If you were to carry a heavy briefcase in your left hand with your arm in 90 degrees of abduction at your side, your center of gravity would shift to the left.
What is the gravity about?The center of gravity is the point in an object or a body at which the weight of the object or body is evenly distributed. When you carry a heavy briefcase in your left hand, the weight of the briefcase is concentrated on one side of your body, which causes the center of gravity to shift in the direction of the weight. In this case, the weight of the briefcase would pull your center of gravity to the left.
So, It's important to note that when the center of gravity shifts, it can affect balance and stability. Carrying a heavy load on one side of the body can make it harder to maintain balance and can increase the risk of falling or injury.
Learn more about gravity from
https://brainly.com/question/557206
#SPJ1
Which cells of the human body are made through the process of meiosis?
a. gametes
b. somatic cells
c. all cells of the body
d. X and Y chromosomes
e. autosomes
Answer: a. gametes (sperm and eggs)
Explanation:
Meiosis is a process of cell division that occurs in the reproductive cells (gametes) of an organism, such as sperm and eggs in humans. During meiosis, the number of chromosomes in the cell is reduced by half, resulting in cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. This is important for sexual reproduction as it ensures that the offspring will have the correct number of chromosomes. Gametes are the cells that fuse during fertilization to form a zygote, which will develop into a new organism.
Somatic cells, also known as body cells, are not produced through meiosis, but by mitosis, a type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells. The process of mitosis preserves the number of chromosomes in the cells and is responsible for the growth and repair of the body.
which of the following investigations is an example of the study of an abiotic factor? view available hint(s)for part a which of the following investigations is an example of the study of an abiotic factor? observing interactions among various organisms in a rainforest canopy the relationship between finch beak size and food availability on two different galapagos islands investigating how the amount of annual precipitation affects the distribution of a tree species investigating how an elk population competes for food identifying food sources for an egret population
Answer:
Investigating the amount of annual precipitation
Explanation:
By process of elimination, C would be the correct answer. Every other answer choice contains biotic factors or living factors.
Biotic factors consist of things like animals, bacteria, and protozoa.
Abiotic factors, on the other hand, consist of things that are non-living, such as the water that is being observed.
Kohler and Lipton first discovered platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) by observing that fibroblasts:A.) grew better in cell culture blood plasma without the proteins released by platelets.B.) grew at the same rate in cell culture containing either blood plasma or serum.C.) grew better in cell culture containing blood serum containing proteins released by platelets during clotting.
Kohler and Lipton first discovered platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) by observing that fibroblasts option B: grew at the same rate in cell culture containing either blood plasma or serum.
When blood coagulation occurs, platelets release PDGF into the serum. This is how PDGF was first identified. Although PDGF is mostly stored in the -granules of platelets, PDGF is also produced by a wide variety of other cell types. This implies that option B is the rigth choice.
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF): For cells of mesenchymal origin, such as fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and glial cells, PDGF is an effective mitogen. The PDGF signalling network has two receptors, PDGFRalpha and PDGFRbeta, and five ligands, PDGF-AA through -DD (including -AB), in both mice and humans.
To know more about platelets, refer to the following link:
https://brainly.com/question/26960581
#SPJ4
Using a three-component model as a frame, list and describe the primary body composition components that can affect your health.Cardiovascular Endurance.Muscular Strength.Flexibility
Cardiovascular Endurance: Cardiovascular endurance is the ability of the body to sustain physical activity over long periods of time. It is a measure of how well the heart, lungs, and muscles work together to provide oxygen and energy to the body. It is important for overall health and fitness.
Muscular Strength: Muscular strength is the ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force against resistance. It is important for performing everyday activities, as well as for preventing injury.
Flexibility: Flexibility is the ability to move joints through their full range of motion. It is important for maintaining a healthy range of motion in joints, as well as for improving posture and preventing injury.
What is Cardiovascular?
Cardiovascular refers to the system of organs and tissues responsible for circulating blood around the body. This system includes the heart, blood vessels, and the circulatory system.
To learn more about Cardiovascular
Here: https://brainly.com/question/13406571
#SPJ4
one ultimate destination of a protein produced on an attached ribosomes, and one general function of the protein (you do not need to identify the specific protein.)
A protein made on a free ribosome has the cytosol as one of its final destinations, and one of its general functions is to form microfilaments. Proteins created on ribosomes that are connected are sent to the ER.
Whereas those produced on ribosomes that are free are delivered to the cytosol. To establish the protein's final position, signal sequences inside the protein will interact with recognition proteins at the mitochondrion. A mitochondrial protein's specific array of signal sequences will dictate whether it ends up in the outer membrane, intermembrane gap, inner membrane, or matrix. The ER membrane is connected to ribosome generating the protein.
Learn more about ribosomes here:
https://brainly.com/question/241631
#SPJ4
which of the following characterized agriculture in both the west and the south in the period 1870-1900?
BOTH the west and the south agriculture in the period 1870-1900 characterized increased production
Both the West and the South in the period 1870-1900 were characterized by an increase in large-scale commercial agriculture, primarily focused on the production of cash crops such as cotton and wheat. Additionally, both regions saw the widespread use of new technologies and farming techniques, as well as the growth of railroads which allowed for easier transportation of crops to market. The use of labor in agriculture was also a common characteristic, in the West it was mainly done by migrant farmers, while in the South it was done by sharecroppers and tenant farmers.
Learn more about agriculture here:
https://brainly.com/question/3632132
#SPJ4
the complete question is :
Which of the following best describes agriculture in the south and west between 1870 and 1900?
1 - increased production
2- decreased production
3- no production
theoretically, which of the following diseases should be the easiest to treat through gene therapy, considering the targeted organs and tissues where the corrected gene must be delivered?
diabetes, as the pancreas is the sole organ that contains the target gene.
Only one gene needed to be replaced, and it only needed to be inserted into b lymphocytes. A cancerous condition known as lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) affects the bone marrow and blood. Low transduction efficiency, reproduction competence, insert size, integration, inactivation by complement cascade, hence the need for cell division for transduction are drawbacks and hazards of employing the retrovirus as a viral vector in gene therapy. a rat having genes for rabbit haemoglobin. The genes in transgenic organisms come from different species. One of the first hereditary diseases successfully treated using gene therapy was severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), demonstrating the efficacy of the method.
Learn more about gene
https://brainly.com/question/8832859
#SPJ4
