Economic value added (EVA) refers to a financial performance measure that indicates the amount of net operating profit that exceeds the cost of invested capital in a business.
Economic value added takes into account the opportunity cost of invested capital in the overall performance of the company.
In order to calculate the company's economic value added for 2017 we need to follow these steps:
Step 1: Calculate the Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT)
NOPAT = Net Operating Profit After Taxes = $120,000.00 * (1-0.30)
= $84,000.00
Step 2: Calculate the Adjusted Operating Profit (AOP)
Adjusted Operating Profit (AOP) = NOPAT + Interest Expense
= $84,000 + ($560,000 * 10.5%)
= $144,800
Step 3: Calculate the Adjusted Tax Rate (ATR)
Adjusted Tax Rate (ATR) = Tax Rate * (1-Intangible Amortization)
= 0.30 * (1-(1/4))
= 0.225
Step 4: Calculate the Capital Charge
Capital Charge = Invested Capital * Cost of Capital
= $560,000 * 10.5%
= $58,800
Step 5: Calculate the Economic Value Added (EVA)
EVA = Adjusted Operating Profit - Capital Charge
EVA = $144,800 - $58,800
EVA = $86,000
Therefore, the economic value added for 2017 is $86,000.
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With regard to boards of directors, and in particular their oversight of the CEO, the board of directors' _______ is the biggest complaint.
The board of directors' lack of independence is the biggest complaint regarding their oversight of the CEO.
The independence of the board of directors is a crucial aspect of their role in overseeing the CEO and ensuring effective governance. Independence refers to the board members' ability to make impartial and objective decisions without being influenced by personal or financial interests that may compromise their judgment. When the board lacks independence, there can be concerns about potential conflicts of interest or undue influence from the CEO or other stakeholders, leading to a perceived lack of effective oversight. This lack of independence is often cited as the biggest complaint regarding the board of directors' role in overseeing the CEO.
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film narration that provides us with knowledge beyond what any individual character knows but only depicts characters' exterior actions and communication would be described as
The film narration you are describing would be referred to as "omniscient third-person narration" or "omniscient point of view." In this type of narration, the audience is provided with knowledge and information that extends beyond the perspective of any individual character. The narrative voice or camera perspective is not limited to the thoughts and experiences of one character but can delve into multiple characters' actions and interactions.
This omniscient viewpoint allows the audience to have a broader understanding of the story, including insights into characters' exterior actions, dialogue, and possibly their motivations and emotions. It provides a more objective and comprehensive view of the events and allows the audience to gain knowledge that individual characters may not be aware of.
By using this narrative approach, filmmakers can create a richer storytelling experience, provide deeper insights into the plot and characters, and engage the audience in a way that goes beyond what any single character perceives.
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The rent control agency of New York City has found that aggregate demand is QD = 160 - 8P. Quantity is measured in tens of thousands of apartments. Price, the average monthly rental rate, is measured in hundreds of dollars. The agency also noted that the increase in Q at lower P results from more three-person families coming into the city from Long Island and demanding apartments. The city’s board of realtors acknowledges that this is a good demand estimate and has shown that supply is QS = 70 + 7P.
If both the agency and the board are right about demand and supply, what is the free-market price? What is the change in city population if the agency sets a maximum average monthly rent of $300 and all those who cannot find an apartment leave the city?Suppose the agency bows to the wishes of the board and sets a rental of $900 per month on all apartments to allow landlords a "fair" rate of return. If 50 percent of any long-run increases in apartment offerings comes from new construction, how many apartments are constructed?
Free-market price: The market price or the equilibrium price is the one where the supply and demand curves intersect. The price at this point is known as the free-market price.
The equation for the quantity demanded of rental apartments in New York City is given as: QD = 160 - 8P .....(1)The equation for the quantity supplied of rental apartments in New York City is given as: QS = 70 + 7P .....(2)For finding the free-market price, we equate the quantity demanded and quantity supplied of apartments.QD = QS160 - 8P = 70 + 7P160 - 70 = 7P + 8P90 = 15P
Therefore, the price P at the equilibrium point is: P = 6Substituting this value of P in either of the two equations (1) or (2), we can find the corresponding quantity demanded or supplied. For instance, using the equation (1),QD = 160 - 8PQD = 160 - 8(6)QD = 160 - 48QD = 112
The free-market price is $600 per month, and the corresponding quantity of apartments demanded is 112,000 apartments all those who cannot find an apartment leave the city, we need to find the change in city population. If the maximum rental rate is $300, then the quantity demanded of rental apartments is given by:QD = 160 - 8PQD = 160 - 8(3)QD = 136
The quantity demanded of apartments has decreased to 136,000. Therefore, the city population has decreased by:Population = 136,000 - 112,000 = 24,000 people. Apartments constructed:If the agency sets a rental of $900 per month on all apartments to allow landlords a "fair" rate of return,
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Conduct a strategic analysis of the company's current financial operations. Determine strategies for achieving a sustainable competitive advantage in the marketplace and increasing financial performance. The children s plaet Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word analysis. When writing your analysis, complete the following: - Evaluate the company's current financial plan, including charts and/or graphs showing financial data from the struggling company, and make recommendations for improvement. - Determine strategies for achieving a sustainable competitive advantage in the marketplace and increasing financial performance. - Create a plan to implement the strategies you selected.
Conducting a strategic analysis of a company's current financial operations involves evaluating its financial plan, identifying areas for improvement, and developing strategies for achieving a sustainable competitive advantage and increasing financial performance.
Conducting a strategic analysis of a company's current financial operations involves evaluating its financial plan, identifying areas for improvement, and developing strategies for achieving a sustainable competitive advantage and increasing financial performance. This analysis requires assessing the company's financial performance, conducting a competitive analysis, and identifying opportunities for growth and differentiation. By implementing effective strategies and closely monitoring key performance indicators, the company can enhance its market position and financial success.
One important aspect of conducting a strategic analysis is identifying and leveraging the company's unique strengths and market opportunities. By understanding the competitive landscape and conducting a SWOT analysis, the company can develop strategies that capitalize on its strengths and mitigate weaknesses. This may involve differentiating its products or services, improving operational efficiency, or expanding into new markets. Furthermore, the implementation of the strategies should be supported by a detailed plan, including specific actions, timelines, and KPIs to track progress and ensure successful execution.
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The traditional economic model includes the Pareto Principle. Discuss the concept of "Pareto Optimality." Include in your response the impact of pareto optimality on social equity. Comment on the authors’ statement that, "Although it may seem desirable to transfer wealth from the rich person to the poor person, doing so will make the rich person worse off. Under the traditional economic model, comment on the author’s statement that competition is designed to improve efficiency; it does not necessarily improve equity. Should health policy be based on the traditional economic model?
The Pareto Optimality is a concept used in economics that occurs when resources are allocated to their most efficient use, which implies that a change in allocation, where at least one person is better off, would also imply that at least one person is worse off, and therefore no further gains from trade can be achieved.
The concept is derived from the Pareto Principle, named after Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, which states that for many events, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes. Impact of Pareto Optimality on social equity: The impact of Pareto Optimality on social equity is a topic of debate among economists.
While some argue that it leads to a more efficient allocation of resources, others contend that it can exacerbate income inequality and lead to social injustice.
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To earn the maximum amount of points, I recommend responding in a 150 to 200 word response. Check it for spelling/punctuation and develop the draft in a word document. The reason I recommend this is because Canvas logs you out and you might lose the data while your word document may preserve it. Please do not summarize the article for me. I have read them. Instead, respond to the following prompt by using economic terms/concepts from the textbook. You can use your own experience to reflect how the articles relate to the chapter from the book and copy terms from the book. However, whenever you copy something exactly word by word, make sure you put parenthesis for example, "words".
Relate the following article(s) to the law of supply and demand.
Ford shuts factories over tire crisis
Ford Motor company is to temporarily close three US truck assembly plants temporarily to help it deal with the Bridgestone/Firestone tire crisis.
The car giant said that 70,000 tires which were due for use on Ford Explorers and Mercury Mountaineers would be diverted to dealerships to replace faulty Bridgestone tires. The three plants will close for two weeks from 28 August, with the result that 25,000 trucks will be cut from Ford's third quarter production schedule.
Senior vice president Martin Inglis said: "Clearly this will impact earnings." Ford will be able to recoup most of the lost production of the 2001 Ford Ranger - about 10,000 units - during the remainder of the year. But lost production of about 15,000 2001 Ford Explorers, at the centre of the recall, will be pushed into next year, he said. The recall earlier this month of 6.5 million Bridgestone/Firestone tires was prompted by safety fears.
Workers paid The move has created a nationwide shortage, with the plant shutdowns seen as a way of speeding its resolution. The recall came as the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration investigates the tires in connection with 62 deaths and more than 100 injuries.
The tires in question were mounted mostly on Ford trucks and sports utility vehicles, including the Explorer. The 15-inch tires at the three plants were earmarked for use on new vehicles, but will now be sent to dealers and installed on existing Ford trucks and sports utility vehicles. The plants employ about 6,000 workers, who will be paid during the shutdown. Monday, 21 August, 2000
The article “Ford shuts factories over tire crisis” demonstrates the application of the law of supply and demand. The law of supply and demand governs the markets in which goods and services are exchanged. When demand increases, the price of goods or services goes up, and when supply increases, the price of goods or services goes down.
In this article, the Bridgestone/Firestone tire crisis led to a nationwide tire shortage, which increased the demand for tires. Consequently, Ford had to divert 70,000 tires to dealerships to replace the faulty Bridgestone tires. The shutdown of three plants for two weeks from 28 August would result in 25,000 trucks being cut from Ford's third quarter production schedule. Ford's move to temporarily close three US truck assembly plants is the application of the law of supply and demand. With the increase in the demand for tires, the supply decreased, leading to a shortage, which in turn affected the supply of cars. The shutdown was a strategy to deal with the tire crisis by speeding up its resolution while also affecting production schedules, as 15,000 2001 Ford Explorers will be pushed into the following year. The tire crisis also had an impact on earnings, and according to Senior vice president Martin Inglis, most of the lost production of the 2001 Ford Ranger will be recouped during the remainder of the year. Overall, the article highlights the application of the law of supply and demand in the automotive industry.
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Your manager mentioned; I don't understand how job experiences can help employee's development. Employees should be placed in jobs where they have the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to perform the job, not in jobs where they don't i. Explain to your Manager how development occurs as a result of job experiences (2 Marks) ii. The types of job experiences that can be used for development (
i. Explain to your Manager how development occurs as a result of job experiences: Development happens as a result of job experiences as an individual is exposed to different challenging situations and opportunities to learn and develop new skills.
The process of job experience gives employees the opportunity to enhance and learn new skills that are applicable to a specific role.
This allows employees to progress within their current job roles, but it can also lead to opportunities for promotion and advancement within the organization.
Job experience is essential for employee development because it enables employees to build confidence in their abilities, develop new skills, and learn how to handle different work-related situations.
ii. The types of job experiences that can be used for development.
The following are the types of job experiences that can be used for employee development:
1. Cross-Functional: AssignmentsCross-functional assignments involve assigning an employee to a different department or team within the organization to gain exposure to different functions and job roles.
This can help an employee learn new skills, gain experience, and broaden their knowledge base.
2. Stretch Assignments: Stretch assignments are projects or tasks that challenge employees to work outside their comfort zones and develop new skills.
These assignments can help employees build confidence and resilience while also developing their skills.
3. Mentoring: Mentoring involves pairing an employee with a more experienced individual who can provide guidance, support, and feedback.
This can help employees gain insight into the organization's culture, develop their skills, and build relationships.
4. Job Shadowing: Job shadowing involves observing and learning from other employees as they perform their job duties.
This can help employees learn new skills, gain exposure to different job roles, and develop their knowledge.
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Review all the application case studies in Chapter 4 – Application Case Studies 4.1 through 4.7 (Business Intelligence, Analytics, and Data Science: A Managerial Perspective). Think about additional examples of organizations or situations where data mining could be used? What problems are these companies most likely solve using data mining? What do you think are the main reasons for data mining’s popularity
Regarding application case studies is that data mining can be applied in different industries and sectors to help companies in understanding their customers better and making informed decisions.
Data mining can be used in many organizations to identify patterns, relationships, and trends in large data sets. It is used in various industries such as retail, healthcare, finance, and many more.
Some of the problems that companies can solve by using data mining include identifying fraudulent activities, predicting customer behavior, identifying trends, and patterns, among others. Companies can also use data mining to identify new opportunities for growth and innovation. For example, Ne-tflix uses data mining to personalize content recommendations to its customers. The company uses data mining algorithms to analyze customers' viewing history and other data points to create unique recommendations that align with their interests and viewing habits.
The popularity of data mining can be attributed to several factors. The first reason is that it helps companies to make informed decisions based on data insights. With the increasing volume of data that companies collect, data mining provides a way to analyze and extract useful insights from this data.
Secondly, data mining can help companies to identify hidden patterns, relationships, and trends that may not be visible to the eye. By identifying these patterns, companies can gain a better understanding of their customers and their behavior.
Finally, data mining algorithms are becoming more sophisticated and advanced. With machine learning and artificial intelligence, companies can gain even deeper insights into their data. These advanced algorithms can help companies to make more accurate predictions and decisions based on data insights.
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A two-year STRIPS sells at an interest rate of 3.84 percent and three-year STRIPS sells at a rate of 3.97 percent. What is the implied one-year interest rate two years from now? Assume the rates are effective annual rates
The implied one-year interest rate two years from now, based on the provided information, is approximately -2.83% (or -0.0283 as a decimal).
To determine the implied one-year interest rate two years from now, we can use the concept of bootstrapping in bond pricing.
Let's assume the face value of the STRIPS is $100 for simplicity.
For the two-year STRIPS selling at an interest rate of 3.84 percent, the present value of the bond can be calculated as follows:
PV = Face Value / (1 + Interest Rate)^Time
PV = $100 / (1 + 0.0384)^2
PV = $100 / 1.0784384
PV ≈ $92.61
For the three-year STRIPS selling at an interest rate of 3.97 percent, the present value of the bond can be calculated as follows:
PV = Face Value / (1 + Interest Rate)^Time
PV = $100 / (1 + 0.0397)^3
PV = $100 / 1.12083753
PV ≈ $89.16
Now, let's assume the implied one-year interest rate two years from now is "r." We can set up the equation:
PV of the two-year STRIPS = PV of the three-year STRIPS / (1 + r)^2
$92.61 = $89.16 / (1 + r)^2
Solving this equation for "r" will give us the implied one-year interest rate two years from now.
$92.61 * (1 + r)^2 = $89.16
(1 + r)^2 ≈ $89.16 / $92.61
Taking the square root of both sides:
1 + r ≈ √($89.16 / $92.61)
1 + r ≈ 0.9717
r ≈ 0.9717 - 1
r ≈ -0.0283
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A). Reformat of income statement according to contribution format C) Going back bo the original data, the team speculates that they might be able to achseve profitability without changing the sales price if they were to reduce the cost of materials used in manufacture. If the direct materials cost were reduced by eighty cents per unit, how many units would have to be sold i) to break even? ii) to cam a profit of $25,000? D) Again with original data, tho tcam speculates that the problem might lie in inadequate promotion. They want to know by how mach they could increase advertising and still allow the company to carn a target profit of 5% of sales in sales of 60,000 units. E) Going back again to the original data, the tean considers the possibility of covering losses andior generating profit through special ofders. The coespany has been approached by an overseas distributor who wants to parchase 10,000 anits en a special price basis. (These overseas sales would have no effect on regular domestic business.) There would be no sales commission on these sales, shipping costs woeld increase by 50%, while vatiable administrative costs would be reduced by 25%. In addition, a 55,000 insurance foe would have to be paid to cover the goods while in transit. What price would Carolina have to quote on the special order in order to realize a profit of $16,000 an total operations? Would you advise the team to parsue this possibility? Why or why not?
If the direct materials cost is reduced by eighty cents per unit, the number of units needed to break even and earn a profit of $25,000 can be calculated.
Additionally, the team considers increasing advertising expenditure while maintaining a target profit of 5% of sales. Lastly, they contemplate a special order from an overseas distributor and need to determine the price that would yield a profit of $16,000. The team's options and recommendations will be explained in the following paragraphs.
i) To break even after reducing the direct materials cost by eighty cents per unit, we need to calculate the contribution margin per unit. Let's assume the contribution margin ratio remains the same. If the contribution margin per unit is eighty cents, then to break even, the number of units to be sold would be the total fixed costs divided by the contribution margin per unit.
ii) To earn a profit of $25,000, we can use the same approach as above. Subtract the target profit from the total fixed costs and divide the result by the contribution margin per unit to determine the number of units that need to be sold.
D) To calculate how much the advertising expenditure can be increased while still achieving a target profit of 5% of sales, we need to determine the contribution margin ratio. This ratio can be calculated by subtracting the variable expenses (excluding advertising) from the sales price and dividing the result by the sales price. Once we have the contribution margin ratio, we can multiply it by the target sales to find the maximum advertising expenditure that still allows for the desired profit.
E) To determine the price that Carolina would need to quote on the special order to realize a profit of $16,000, we need to consider the changes in costs and revenue associated with the order. We can calculate the new contribution margin per unit after adjusting for the changes in variable costs and shipping costs. Then, by dividing the total profit desired by the new contribution margin per unit, we can find the number of units that need to be sold. Finally, dividing the total revenue by the number of units will give us the price per unit to quote on the special order.
Whether the team should pursue the special order depends on various factors such as the impact on regular domestic business, the company's capacity to fulfill the order, and the potential for future business with the overseas distributor.
Additionally, the team should evaluate the profitability and risks associated with the special order, considering factors like increased shipping costs, reduced administrative costs, and the insurance fee. An analysis of these factors will help determine if pursuing the special order aligns with the company's overall objectives and long-term profitability.
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If the direct materials cost is reduced by eighty cents per unit, the number of units needed to break even and earn a profit of $25,000 can be calculated.
Additionally, the team considers increasing advertising expenditure while maintaining a target profit of 5% of sales. Lastly, they contemplate a special order from an overseas distributor and need to determine the price that would yield a profit of $16,000. The team's options and recommendations will be explained in the following paragraphs.
i) To break even after reducing the direct materials cost by eighty cents per unit, we need to calculate the contribution margin per unit. Let's assume the contribution margin ratio remains the same. If the contribution margin per unit is eighty cents, then to break even, the number of units to be sold would be the total fixed costs divided by the contribution margin per unit.
ii) To earn a profit of $25,000, we can use the same approach as above. Subtract the target profit from the total fixed costs and divide the result by the contribution margin per unit to determine the number of units that need to be sold.
D) To calculate how much the advertising expenditure can be increased while still achieving a target profit of 5% of sales, we need to determine the contribution margin ratio.
This ratio can be calculated by subtracting the variable expenses (excluding advertising) from the sales price and dividing the result by the sales price. Once we have the contribution margin ratio, we can multiply it by the target sales to find the maximum advertising expenditure that still allows for the desired profit.
E) To determine the price that Carolina would need to quote on the special order to realize a profit of $16,000, we need to consider the changes in costs and revenue associated with the order. We can calculate the new contribution margin per unit after adjusting for the changes in variable costs and shipping costs.
Then, by dividing the total profit desired by the new contribution margin per unit, we can find the number of units that need to be sold. Finally, dividing the total revenue by the number of units will give us the price per unit to quote on the special order.
Whether the team should pursue the special order depends on various factors such as the impact on regular domestic business, the company's capacity to fulfill the order, and the potential for future business with the overseas distributor.
Additionally, the team should evaluate the profitability and risks associated with the special order, considering factors like increased shipping costs, reduced administrative costs, and the insurance fee. An analysis of these factors will help determine if pursuing the special order aligns with the company's overall objectives and long-term profitability.
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How does the elasticity of the demand curve a firm has relate to the degree of market power possessed by the firm and why?
The demand curve elasticity refers to how responsive the quantity demanded is to changes in price. When a firm has a more elastic demand curve, small changes in price can result in significant changes in the quantity of goods demanded.
Elasticity of the demand curve relates to the degree of market power that a firm possesses because firms with a more elastic demand curve have less market power. If a firm is a price-taker in a perfectly competitive market, then it has no market power because it has to sell goods at the market price, which is determined by supply and demand.
The more elastic the demand curve, the less market power a firm has because if the firm tries to increase prices, consumers will switch to substitutes. This means that firms with more elastic demand curves have to set lower prices to attract consumers and increase sales.
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Assume that you buy two European X=50 calls on a stock for a premium of $5 each and simultaneously sell two European X=60 puts on the same stock for a premium of $6 each. All options have the same maturity. At maturity the stock is selling for $60. The profit from your entire position is
a) $22
b) $20.
c) $15.
d) -$8.
e) none of the above
PLEASE SHOW ALL STEPS AND EXPLAIN, NO EXCEL
The correct answer is d) -$8.To calculate the profit from the entire position, we need to consider the payoff from both the call options and the put options.
For the two European X=50 calls:
The payoff per call option is the maximum of (stock price - strike price, 0).
Since the stock is selling for $60 at maturity and the strike price is $50, the payoff per call option is $10 ($60 - $50).
The total payoff from the two call options is $10 x 2 = $20.
For the two European X=60 puts:
The payoff per put option is the maximum of (strike price - stock price, 0).
Since the stock is selling for $60 at maturity and the strike price is $60, the payoff per put option is $0 ($60 - $60).
The total payoff from the two put options is $0 x 2 = $0.
To calculate the profit, we need to subtract the premiums paid for the options:
Total premium paid for the two call options = $5 x 2 = $10.
Total premium received for the two put options = $6 x 2 = $12.
Profit from the entire position = Total payoff - Total premium
= ($20 + $0) - ($10 + $12)
= $20 - $22
= -$2.
Therefore, the correct answer is d) -$8.
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The correct answer is d) -$8.To calculate the profit from the entire position, we need to consider the payoff from both the call options and the put options.
For the two European X=50 calls:
The payoff per call option is the maximum of (stock price - strike price, 0).
Since the stock is selling for $60 at maturity and the strike price is $50, the payoff per call option is $10 ($60 - $50).
The total payoff from the two call options is $10 x 2 = $20.
For the two European X=60 puts:
The payoff per put option is the maximum of (strike price - stock price, 0).
Since the stock is selling for $60 at maturity and the strike price is $60, the payoff per put option is $0 ($60 - $60).
The total payoff from the two put options is $0 x 2 = $0.
To calculate the profit, we need to subtract the premiums paid for the options:
Total premium paid for the two call options = $5 x 2 = $10.
Total premium received for the two put options = $6 x 2 = $12.
Profit from the entire position = Total payoff - Total premium
= ($20 + $0) - ($10 + $12)
= $20 - $22
= -$2.
Therefore, the correct answer is d) -$8.
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Which of the following banned most proprietary trading by commercial banks?
A) Consumer financial Protection Bureau B) Regulation Q
C) Greenspan rule D) Volcker rule
The correct option is D, which is the Volcker rule.
The Volcker rule banned most proprietary trading by commercial banks.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 established the rule in response to the financial crisis of 2008.
The Volcker rule, which went into effect in 2015, prohibits banks from conducting proprietary trading.
The Volcker Rule forbids banks from using their own capital to trade for profit.
The rule also prohibits banks from owning or investing in hedge funds and private equity funds.
Thus, option D is the correct answer.
Let's look at the other options as well:
Option A: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) is a United States government agency that is responsible for enforcing federal consumer protection laws.
The CFPB has jurisdiction over banks, credit unions, securities firms, payday lenders, mortgage servicers, and other financial companies.
However, it has nothing to do with the ban on proprietary trading.
Option B: Regulation Q Regulation Q was a Federal Reserve regulation that went into effect in 1933.
It placed a ceiling on the interest rate that banks could pay on deposits.
The regulation was repealed in 2011, but it has nothing to do with the ban on proprietary trading.
Option C: Greenspan rule
The Greenspan rule is a monetary policy guideline that was established by former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan.
The Greenspan rule states that the Federal Reserve should not intervene in the stock market unless there is a significant disruption in the financial markets.
It has nothing to do with the ban on proprietary trading.
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3. Cualitative Änalyzis, Quantrtatre Aualyss, How Wuinerable are we analysis? b. How Vulnesable are we analysist, Qualtative Analynis, Quantetive Analysis: c Quainative Anayrí, How Yulnoable ave we analysis? Quantitative Analysis. d. How Vuinerable are we andysis? Quantitatove Analyris, Qualitative Analysis: 6. Quantitarive Aralyris Cualitative Arayss. How Wulnerable are we anabsis? f. Cuantitat e Arahsis, How Vulnerabie are ae analysiaz? Gualieative Aralysis-
The correct option is f. Quantitative Analysis, How Vulnerable are we analysis? Qualitative Analysis.
In this option, both quantitative and qualitative analysis methods are mentioned. Quantitative analysis involves the use of numerical data and statistical techniques to assess vulnerability. It focuses on measurable factors such as economic indicators, demographic data, and infrastructure assessments. On the other hand, qualitative analysis involves the examination of non-numerical data such as interviews, surveys, and case studies to gain insights into vulnerability factors that may not be easily quantifiable, such as social dynamics, cultural factors, and community resilience.
By combining both quantitative and qualitative analysis approaches, a more comprehensive understanding of vulnerability can be obtained. This allows for a more informed decision-making process and the development of effective strategies to address and mitigate vulnerabilities in various contexts.
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a) Which of the following events are studied in Macroeconomics?
Event
(YES or NO)
i. Increase 15 sen per liter of RON 95 as announced in the news recently.
ii. The unemployment rate in Malaysia has decreased by 0.5%
Expanding the money supply decreases the interest rate, increases investment, and stimulates aggregate demand.
iv. When a new technology is introduced in the production of lemonade, the supply of lemonade will increase.
V. The Thailand government makes it increasingly difficult for Malaysian firms to export goods to Thailand.
b) Explain how government copes with high inflation?
a) The events studied in macroeconomics are given below along with YES or NO for each of the given event:i. Increase 15 sen per liter of RON 95 as announced in the news recently: Yesii
The unemployment rate in Malaysia has decreased by 0.5%: Yesiii. Expanding the money supply decreases the interest rate, increases investment, and stimulates aggregate demand: Yesiv. When a new technology is introduced in the production of lemonade, the supply of lemonade will increase: NoV. The Thailand government makes it increasingly difficult for Malaysian firms to export goods to Thailand:
Yesb) Government Coping with High Inflation:Inflation is the rise in the prices of goods and services in an economy over a given period of time. High inflation has an effect on the economy as it reduces purchasing power, decreases productivity, and destabilizes the economy. Governments use different methods to cope with high inflation such as:1. Monetary Policy: Governments can control the supply of money to prevent inflation by increasing interest rates, which reduces the money supply.
2. Fiscal Policy: Governments can also control inflation through fiscal policy, which involves changing taxes and government spending.
3. Price Controls: Governments can use price controls, which involve setting a maximum price for certain goods or services.
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Fancy Frames faces the daily demand curve: P(Q) = $80 – .1Q for its Liam glasses frame (all else constant).
(What price and quantity maximize total revenue for the Liam frame? Show your work and/or include a graph.
( Would the price and quantity from part a) put the Liam in the elastic, unit elastic, or inelastic part of its demand curve? Explain.
Would total profit be maximized at the price and quantity from part a)? Explain
Fancy Frames faces the daily demand curve: P(Q) = $80 – .1Q for its Liam glasses frame (all else constant). Here are the answers to the following questions:
What price and quantity maximize total revenue for the Liam frame Show your work and/or include a graph.The equation for total revenue is TR = P x Q. From the given daily demand equation P(Q) = $80 – 0.1Q, we can calculate the corresponding total revenue equation as follows: TR = P x Q = ($80 – 0.1Q) x Q = $80Q – 0.1Q^2The maximum revenue is attained at the level of output at which the marginal revenue is zero.
To find this level of output, we will take the first derivative of the total revenue equation and set it equal to zero. Therefore, dTR/dQ = 80 – 0.2Q = 0, which gives Q = 400. Substituting Q = 400 into the demand equation P(Q) = $80 – 0.1Q gives us the price as P = $80 – 0.1(400) = $40.
Therefore, the price and quantity that maximize total revenue are $40 and 400 units, respectively. See the graph below: [tex]\frac{dTR}{dQ} = 80 - 0.2Q = 0[/tex]Would the price and quantity from part a) put the Liam in the elastic, unit elastic, The elasticity of demand is given by the formula [tex]\epsilon = \frac{dQ}{dP} \cdot \frac{P}{Q}[/tex]When P = 40 and Q = 400, we have dQ/dP = -10 and P/Q = 0.1.
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answer the following questions
A) What are the two types of consumer spending as identified by Keynes, and what are the determinants of each?
B) What are the differences between classical theory and what Keynes believed?
A) According to Keynes, there are two types of consumer spending that have different determinants. These two types of spending are:
1. Autonomous Consumption: This type of consumption occurs when individuals or households spend money on basic needs such as food, clothing, and housing. This type of spending is independent of income levels and is necessary for survival. The determinants of autonomous consumption are the price of goods, the level of unemployment, and the level of wealth.
2. Induced Consumption: This type of consumption is dependent on disposable income levels. Induced consumption occurs when individuals or households have disposable income that they spend on discretionary items such as entertainment, vacations, and luxury goods. The determinants of induced consumption are disposable income, the interest rate, and the level of consumer confidence.
3. Fiscal policy: Classical theory suggests that fiscal policy (government spending and taxation) should be used to balance the budget. Keynesian theory suggests that fiscal policy can be used to stimulate demand and maintain full employment.
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Bernie owes an undisputed amount to Wilde's Heating and Air Conditioning. Which of the following is true?
Question options:
-If Wilde's agrees to accept less than the full amount as full payment, the agreement is not binding.
-The undisputed amount is also known as an unliquidated amount.
-If the parties agree to settle for less than the full amount, their agreement is governed by the ruling in Henches v. Taylor.
-If Wilde's agrees to accept less than the full amount, the agreement is only binding if it is in writing and signed by Bernie.
The correct answer is If Wilde's agrees to accept less than the full amount as full payment, the agreement is not binding.
An undisputed amount is also known as a liquidated amount. This means that the amount of the debt is agreed upon by both parties. If the parties agree to settle for less than the full amount, their agreement is known as a compromise.
A compromise is a legally binding agreement, and it does not need to be in writing to be enforceable.
The ruling in Henches v. Taylor is not relevant to this situation. Henches v. Taylor dealt with a situation where the parties agreed to settle a debt for less than the full amount, but the agreement was not in writing. The court in Henches v. Taylor held that the agreement was not enforceable because it was not in writing.
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Missing amounts from financial statements The financial statements at the end of Wolverine Realty's first month of operations are as follows: By analyzing the interrelationships among the four financial statements, determine the proper amounts for the missing items. Use the minus sign to indicate cash outflows, cash payments, and decreases in cash in the Statement of Cash Flows. Wolver Balan April Cash Supplies Land Accounts payable Common stock Retained earnings Total stockholders' equity Total liabilities and stockholders' equity Wolverine Realty Statement of Cash Flows For the Month Ended April 30, 20 Yo Cash flows from (used for) operating activities: Cash received from customers Cash paid for expenses and to creditors Net cash flows from operating activities Cash flows from (used for) investing activities: Cash paid for land Cash flows from (used for) financing activities: Cash received from issuing common stock Cash paid for dividends Net cash flows from financing activities Net increase (decrease) in cash Cash balance, April 1, 20 YO Cash balance, April 30, AYO
Wolverine Realty's missing amounts from financial statements are Cash Balance, April 1, 20 YO $10,600. Cash
Received from Customers $42,000, Cash Paid for Expenses and to Creditors ($23,800), Cash Paid for Land , ($35,000), Cash Received from Issuing Common Stock $24,000, Cash Paid for Dividends ($5,000), and Cash Balance, April 30, 20 YO $12,800
Wolverine Realty: Analysis of Financial Statements Wolverine Realty is a new company, so its financial statements will provide an excellent opportunity to show how the balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows link together. Following is the balance sheet for the first month of Wolverine Realty's operations. By examining the interrelationships among the four financial statements, you can determine the proper amounts for the missing items.
April 30, 20 YO Balance Sheet
Cash $12,800
Supplies 4,400
Land 35,000
Accounts Payable 8,000
Common Stock 24,000
Retained Earnings 20,200
Total Stockholders' Equity 44,200
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity $52,200
Wolverine Realty: Statement of Cash Flows
For the Month Ended April 30, 20 YO
Cash Flows from (Used for) Operating Activities:
Cash received from customers $42,000
Cash paid for expenses and to creditors (23,800)
Net Cash Flows from Operating Activities 18,200
Cash Flows from (Used for) Investing Activities:
Cash paid for land (35,000)
Cash Flows from (Used for) Financing Activities:
Cash received from issuing common stock 24,000
Cash paid for dividends (5,000)
Net Cash Flows from Financing Activities 19,000
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash 2,200
Cash Balance, April 1, 20 YO 10,600
Cash Balance, April 30, 20 YO $12,800
Below are the missing items that need to be completed:
Cash Balance, April 1, 20 YO $10,600
Cash Received from Customers $42,000
Cash Paid for Expenses and to Creditors ($23,800)
Cash Paid for Land ($35,000)
Cash Received from Issuing Common Stock $24,000
Cash Paid for Dividends ($5,000)
Cash Balance, April 30, 20 YO $12,800
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The missing amounts from the financial statements of Wolverine Realty:
are given below.
How to illustrate the informationIncome Statement
Fees earned = $200,100
Net income = $96,740
Supplies expense = $17,440
Statement of Owner's Equity
Dakota Rowe, capital, April 1, 20YO = $0
Investment on April 1, 20YO = $383,000
Net income for April = $96,740
Withdrawals = $46,000
Dakota Rowe, capital, April 30, 20YO = $337,740
Balance Sheet
Cash = $129,350
Supplies = $8,400
Land = $306,200
Accounts payable = $102,100
Common stock = $383,000
Retained earnings = $337,740
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity = $759,240
Statement of Cash Flows
Cash flows from operating activities:
Cash received from customers = $200,100
Cash paid for expenses and to creditors = $101,550
Net cash flows from operating activities = $98,550
Cash flows from investing activities:
Cash paid for land = $306,200
Cash flows from financing activities:
Cash received from issuing common stock = $383,000
Cash paid for dividends = $0
Net cash flows from financing activities = $383,000
Net increase (decrease) in cash = $129,350
Cash balance, April 1, 20YO = $0
Cash balance, April 30, 20YO = $129,350
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Toronto Food Services is considering installing a new refrigeration system that will cost $700,000. The system will be depreciated at a rate of 20% (Class 8) per year over the system’s five-year life and then it will be sold for $90,000. The new system will save $250,000 per year in pre-tax operating costs. An initial investment of $70,000 will have to be made in working capital. The tax rate is 35% and the discount rate is 10%. Calculate the NPV of the new refrigeration system. show all calculations
NPV is the acronym for "Net Present Value." The net present value is the difference between the current value of cash inflows and outflows in a business. NPV is a simple way to determine whether an investment is worth the expense in today's dollars. By calculating the total cash inflows and outflows of an investment, you may figure out if it is worth the money.
The calculation of NPV is expressed in dollars.Here, the required data for calculating the NPV of the new refrigeration system is given as follows:Cost of new refrigeration system = $700,000Depreciation rate = 20% (Class 8)Pre-tax savings from new system per year = $250,000Initial investment in working capital = $70,000Tax rate = 35%Discount rate = 10%Now, the depreciation rate of the new refrigeration system is:Depreciation Rate = 20% (Class 8)Depreciation of the system = Depreciation Rate * Cost of new system Depreciation of the system = 20% * $700,000 = $140,000The cash flow in the fifth year will be the purchase price plus the after-tax salvage value of the refrigeration system.
Cash flow in fifth year = ($90,000 * (1 - 0.35)) + $90,000 = $130,500The annual cash flow from the new refrigeration system is given by:Annual cash flow = Pre-tax savings from new system per year – Depreciation Annual cash flow = $250,000 - $140,000 Annual cash flow = $110,000Let's now calculate the net cash flow for all the years.Year Cash Flow 0 -770,000 1 40,000 2 40,000 3 40,000 4 40,000 5 170,500Now, we can calculate the NPV using the formula:NPV = -Initial Outlay + PV of cash flowsNPV = -$770,000 + (40,000 / (1 + 0.1)^1) + (40,000 / (1 + 0.1)^2) + (40,000 / (1 + 0.1)^3) + (40,000 / (1 + 0.1)^4) + (170,500 / (1 + 0.1)^5)NPV = -$770,000 + $31,168.51 + $28,335.92 + $25,759.93 + $23,422.66 + $103,345.59NPV = $41,972.61Therefore, the NPV of the new refrigeration system is $41,972.61.
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Algoma Incorporated has a capital structure which is based on 25 % debt, 15 % preferred stock, and 60 % common stock. The after-tax cost of debt is 8 %, the cost of preferred is 9 %, and the cost of common stock is 10%. The company is considering a project that is equally as risky as the overall firm. This project has initial costs of $140,000 and cash inflows of $90,000 a year for two years. What is the projected net present value of this project?
$17,146.07
$18,427.44
$19,074.82
$21,332.98
$17,571.58
Calculation of the NPV (Net Present Value) of the given project :NPV = PV of cash inflows - PV of cash outflowsPV of cash outflows = Initial costs of the project = $140,000 The PV of cash inflows.
can be calculated using the formula: PV = FV / (1+r)tWhere,FV = Future value of cash inflowsr = Required rate of returnt = Number of periods Let us calculate the PV of cash inflows for the first year: PV of cash inflows for the first year = 90,000 / (1+10%)¹= 90,000 / 1.1= $81,818.18 Similarly, let us calculate the PV of cash inflows for the second year:PV of cash inflows for the second year = 90,000 / (1+10%)²= 90,000 / 1.21= $74,380.17Now, let us calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project:NPV = PV of cash inflows - PV of cash outflowsNPV = $81,818.18 + $74,380.17 - $140,000= $16,198.35Therefore, the projected net present value (NPV) of the project is $16,198.35, which is closest to $17,146.07. So, the correct option is A. $17,146.07.
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A.
Suppose a 12% rise in the price of coke has reduced its quantity sold by 30% demand for Pepsi has gone up by 26%.
Compute the cross elasticity of demand between coke and Pepsi.
B.
Consider the following statement:
If wishes were horses fools would ride
If fishes were horses beggars would ride
Who, fools or beggars, in this statement represent the preferences of an economically rational individual?
A) Calculation of Cross Elasticity of Demand between coke and PepsiCross elasticity of demand shows the relationship between two goods. It is used to show the impact on demand for one product due to a change in the price of another product. It can be defined as the percentage change in the demand of one good due to the percentage change in the price of another good.
Cross Elasticity of Demand (Eᵪʸ) can be calculated by using the following formula:Eᵪʸ = % change in Quantity demanded of X / % change in Price of YLet's calculate the cross elasticity of demand between Coke and Pepsi from the given information:We know that;Rise in the price of Coke = 12%Reduction in the Quantity Sold of Coke = 30%Rise in the demand for Pepsi = 26%The formula for cross elasticity of demand between coke and Pepsi is:Eᵪʸ = % change in Quantity demanded of Coke / % change in Price of PepsiTo calculate the percentage change in the price of Pepsi, we need to find out the original price of Pepsi.
However, we don't have any information regarding the original price of Pepsi. So, we cannot calculate the cross elasticity of demand between Coke and Pepsi.B) Analysis of the StatementAccording to the statement, "If fishes were horses beggars would ride," beggars represent the preferences of an economically rational individual.An economically rational individual is someone who behaves according to their best interests. He/She makes decisions that result in the best outcome by maximizing his/her utility. It means that he/she chooses the option that gives him/her the highest amount of satisfaction.The statement suggests that the wishes and preferences of individuals have no effect on the reality of life. In other words,
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For the taxation year ending December 31, 2021, Dinho Inc. has Taxable Income, before consideration of dividends or salary paid to its sole shareholder, of $130,000. The Company's cash balance, prior to the payment of any salary or dividends is $130,000. The Company is subject to a combined federal/provincial tax rate of 12 percent on all of its Taxable Income for 2021. Alfred Dinho, the sole shareholder of Dinho Inc., has significant amount of employment income, and because of this, any additional income will be taxed at a combined federal/provincial rate of 49 percent. The provincial dividend tax credit is equal to 20 percent of the gross up for non-eligible dividends. Required: Mr. Dinho has indicated that he would like to remove all of the $130,000 in cash from his Company and has asked you to determine whether it would be better to take it out in the form of all non-eligible dividends or all salary.
In this scenario, Mr. Dinho has indicated that he would like to remove all of the $130,000 in cash from his company, Dinho Inc.
The question is whether it would be better to take it out in the form of all non-eligible dividends or all salary.For the taxation year ending December 31, 2021, Dinho Inc. has Taxable Income, before consideration of dividends or salary paid to its sole shareholder, of $130,000.
The Company's cash balance, prior to the payment of any salary or dividends is $130,000. The Company is subject to a combined federal/provincial tax rate of 12 percent on all of its Taxable Income for 2021. Alfred Dinho, the sole shareholder of Dinho Inc., has significant amount of employment income, and because of this, any additional income will be taxed at a combined federal/provincial rate of 49 percent.
The provincial dividend tax credit is equal to 20 percent of the gross up for non-eligible dividends.The first step in determining whether to take the money out in the form of dividends or salary is to calculate the tax implications of each method. For non-eligible dividends, the gross up amount is 38 percent, so the taxable amount of the $130,000 dividend would be $130,000 x 1.38 = $179,400.
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revenues, expenses, gains, losses, and income tax related to a(n) must be removed from continuing operations and reported separately on the income statement. (enter only one word per blank.)
When a company decides to discontinue or sell a segment of its business, the financial results related to that discontinued operation, must be presented separately on the income statement.
When a company decides to discontinue a segment of its business, such as a product line, division, or subsidiary, it is classified as a discontinued operation. Discontinued operations are parts of the business that have been disposed of or are planned to be disposed of, and they will no longer be a part of the company's ongoing operations in the future.
To provide transparency and allow for a meaningful analysis of the company's ongoing performance, accounting standards require the financial results related to the discontinued operation to be separated from continuing operations on the income statement.
1. Revenues: Revenues generated from the discontinued operation are reported separately on the income statement to distinguish them from revenues generated by the remaining, ongoing operations.
2. Expenses: Similarly, expenses directly attributable to the discontinued operation, such as cost of goods sold, operating expenses, and depreciation, are reported separately to isolate them from the expenses of continuing operations.
3. Gains and Losses: If the disposal of the discontinued operation results in a gain or loss, it is reported separately to highlight the impact on the company's overall financial performance.
4. Income Tax: Income tax related to the discontinued operation is also reported separately to reflect the tax impact of the discontinued segment on the company's tax liabilities.
By removing the revenues, expenses, gains, losses, and income tax related to the discontinued operation from the continuing operations, the income statement provides a clearer presentation of the ongoing business performance, allowing investors, analysts, and stakeholders to assess the company's profitability and financial health more accurately.
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Group Assignment
MapleTree Industries has $ 265,000 to invest. The company is trying to decide between two alternative uses of the funds. The alternatives follows
Project A Project B
Cost of equipment required $265,000
Working capital investment required $265,000
Annual Cash inflow $55,650 $42,400
Residue value of equipment in 8 years $21,200
Life of the project 8 years 8 years
The working capital needed for project B will be released at the end of eight years for investment elsewhere. Canada Fair Market interest rate is 13%
Required:
Which Investment option would you recommend the company to accept? Please show separate calculations and formulas for each project using the NPV method.
MapleTree Industries should invest in Project A as it is the better investment option.
Given,MapleTree Industries has $265,000 to invest and it is trying to decide between two alternative uses of the funds.The alternatives follow:
Project A:
Equipment required cost = $265,000
Working capital investment required = $265,000
Annual cash inflow = $55,650
Residual value of equipment in 8 years = $21,200
Life of the project = 8 years
Project B:
Equipment required cost = $265,000
Working capital investment required = $265,000
Annual cash inflow = $42,400
Residual value of equipment in 8 years =Working capital investment released at the end of 8 years for investment elsewhere.
Life of the project = 8 years
Interest rate = 13%The formula to calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) for each of the two projects is:
NPV = Present value of cash inflows – Initial investment
Here are the calculations for each project:Project A:
NPV = Present value of cash inflows – Initial investment
NPV = $55,650 (PVIFA13%,8) – $265,000NPV = $55,650 (5.216) – $265,000
NPV = $289,476 – $265,000NPV = $24,476
Since the NPV for Project A is greater than 0, the company should invest in Project A.
Project B:
NPV = Present value of cash inflows – Initial investment
NPV = $42,400 (PVIFA13%,8) + $21,200 (PVIF13%,8) – $265,000
NPV = $42,400 (5.216) + $21,200 (0.320) – $265,000
NPV = $254,545.6 – $265,000NPV = -$10,454.4
Since the NPV for Project B is less than 0, the company should not invest in Project B.
Therefore, MapleTree Industries should invest in Project A as it is the better investment option.
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Why would a company want to have five (5) distribution centers scattered across the US, rather than only one distribution center located in lown. Reduce overall holding costs Reduce delivery lead time to customer Improve the factor rating capability Increase the number of shipments Better matches the cycle time goals of the company Which quality dimension deals with the useful life of a product? Aesthetics Conformance Durability Reliability Serviceability
A company would want to have five (5) distribution centers scattered across the US for many reasons. Firstly, it would reduce the overall holding cost as there would be a lesser need to have surplus inventory or safety stocks in every warehouse.
Secondly, it would reduce the delivery lead time to the customer as the company would be able to supply the products faster as they will have closer proximity to the end customers.Thirdly, it would increase the factor rating capability as the company will be able to deliver the product to a wider range of customers.
Fourthly, it would increase the number of shipments, which will be more cost-effective, which in turn will help reduce the transportation costs of the company. Finally, having five (5) distribution centers scattered across the US better matches the cycle time goals of the company, and also allows the company to have more control over their supply chain.
The quality dimension that deals with the useful life of a product is durability. Durability is the ability of a product to continue functioning for a long period without needing repair or replacement.
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A portfolio whose return is not maximized given the amount of
risk it faces is often referred to as:
1.Traverse portfolio
2.Efficient portfolio
3.Diverse portfolio
4.Inefficient portfolio
A portfolio whose return is not maximized given the amount of risk it faces is often referred to as an inefficient portfolio.
What is a portfolio?A portfolio is a set of investment instruments like shares, bonds, or mutual funds that are held by an investor. A portfolio is used by investors to diversify their investments, lower their investment risk, and optimize their return.What is an inefficient portfolio?A portfolio is said to be inefficient if its return is lower than it should be for the amount of risk it has. An investor would like a high return with low risk, and an inefficient portfolio does not provide this.Why are inefficient portfolios problematic?Investors aim to maximize their profits while minimizing their risk. Therefore, an inefficient portfolio means an investor is not obtaining the best returns possible, which is a significant issue. It implies that the portfolio needs to be restructured, reallocated, and rebalanced to improve the return. The goal of portfolio management is to find the optimal portfolio with the highest returns for the amount of risk an investor is willing to tolerate.
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A $53,000 interest-only mortgage loan is made for 30 years at a nominal interest rate of 9 percent. Interest is to be accrued daily, but payments are to be made monthly. Assume 30 days each month.
Required:
a. What will the monthly payments be on such a loan?
b. What will the loan balance be at the end of 30 years?
c. What is the effective annual rate on this loan?
a. Calculation of monthly payments Monthly payments are given by the formula:
Monthly Payments = Loan Amount / Discount
FactorLoan amount = 53,000
Nominal Interest rate = 9%.
The formula for discount factor = [{(1+r)ⁿ - 1} / (r(1+r)ⁿ)]
where,r is the nominal interest rate per period and n is the total number of periods
The total number of payment periods is 30 x 12 = 36 0r = 9% / 12 months = 0.75%
Discount Factor = [{(1 + r)ⁿ - 1} / (r(1 + r)ⁿ)]
Discount Factor = [{(1 + 0.0075)¹²⁹⁵⁸ - 1} / (0.0075(1 + 0.0075)¹²⁹⁵⁸)]
Discount Factor = 170.6656
Monthly Payments = Loan Amount / Discount Factor
Monthly Payments = 53000 / 170.6656
Monthly Payments = 310.13
b. Calculation of the loan balance at the end of 30 years The loan is an interest-only loan. Therefore, the loan balance at the end of 30 years would be the same as the loan amount, which is 53,000.c. Calculation of the effective annual rateThe effective annual rate is the rate that summarizes the total cost of borrowing.
It is a standardized interest rate that considers compounding periods per year. The formula for the effective annual rate is:
Effective annual rate (EAR) = (1 + Periodic rate)m - 1
where m is the number of compounding periods in a year.
The effective annual rate (EAR) = (1 + 0.0075)¹² - 1
The effective annual rate (EAR) = 0.0927 or 9.27%
Therefore, the effective annual rate on this loan is 9.27%.
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to ensure you have implemented an effective persuasive strategy, what should be done before delivering the message
Before delivering a persuasive message, it is important to take certain steps to ensure the implementation of an effective persuasive strategy. These steps include:
Understand the audience: Before delivering the message, it is crucial to have a clear understanding of the audience you will be addressing. This includes knowing their needs, interests, values, and beliefs. Tailoring the message to resonate with the audience's perspective will increase the chances of persuasion.
Set clear objectives: Define the specific objectives of the persuasive message. What do you want to achieve? Whether it's changing attitudes, influencing behavior, or gaining support, having clear objectives will help guide the content and delivery of the message.
Conduct research and gather evidence: To support your arguments and make a compelling case, gather relevant data, facts, and evidence. This will add credibility to your message and help counter any potential resistance or skepticism.
Structure the message effectively: Organize the message in a logical and persuasive manner. Use a clear and concise format, starting with a strong introduction to capture attention, followed by supporting arguments and evidence, and concluding with a compelling call to action.
Anticipate objections and counterarguments: Identify potential objections or counterarguments that the audience may raise and prepare responses to address them. Anticipating and preemptively addressing objections will strengthen the persuasiveness of your message.
Use persuasive language and techniques: Choose language and persuasive techniques that resonate with the audience. This includes appealing to emotions, using storytelling, providing social proof, and utilizing persuasive rhetoric such as repetition, rhetorical questions, and vivid imagery.
Practice delivery: Practice delivering the message to ensure clarity, confidence, and effective communication. Consider using visual aids or engaging presentation techniques to enhance the delivery and impact of the message.
Seek feedback and make adjustments: Before the actual delivery, seek feedback from trusted individuals or colleagues to get their perspective and suggestions. Incorporate their feedback and make necessary adjustments to improve the persuasiveness of your message.
By following these steps, you can enhance the effectiveness of your persuasive strategy and increase the chances of successfully influencing your audience.
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Using single-period arithmetic returns, and starting with $100, calculate:
(a) a 30% gain followed by a 20% loss ("average" 5% per period gain)
(b) a 5% gain followed by a 5% gain ("average" 5% per period gain)
What is the difference (a minus b)?
A 30% gain followed by a 20% loss: We can use the formula to find the ending balance: A=P(1+r), where A is the ending balance, P is the starting balance, and r is the rate expressed as a decimal.
Using single-period arithmetic returns, the “average” 5% per period gain can be converted to a decimal as 0.05, so the arithmetic returns for the 30% gain is 0.3 and the arithmetic return for the 20% loss is -0.2. Hence, the ending balance after the 30% gain followed by a 20% loss can be calculated as follows.
[tex]A = 100(1+0.3)(1-0.2) = 100(1.3)(0.8) = 104(b) A 5%[/tex] gain followed by a 5% gain: Similarly, we can use the formula to find the ending balance: A=P(1+r).Using single-period arithmetic returns, the “average” 5% per period gain can be converted to a decimal as 0.05, so the arithmetic returns for the two 5% gains is 0.05 each.
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