.Draw the born-Haber lattice energy cycle for sodium chloride. Explain the concept of resonance using the nitrate ion structure.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Born-Haber cycle is consist on four to five steps. 1: ionization energy 2: electron affinity 3: dissociation energy 4: sublimation energy and last is Hess law.Nitrate ion have 3 localized sigma bonds and 1 delocalized pie bond according to the resonance structure.

Explanation:

Step 1: NaCl(s) → Na(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g)  ΔHf   (ionization energy) in this step energy is required to change the phase of the compound

Step 2: Na(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g) → Na(g) + 1/2 Cl2(g)  ΔHa  (elements needed to be in gaseous state for born-haber cycle so metal changes from solid to gas state by changing the enthalpy.

Step 3: Na(g) + 1/2 Cl2(g) → Na(g) + Cl (g)  1/2ΔHd  

Step 4: Na(g) + Cl(g) → Na⁺(g) + Cl⁻(g)  IE+EA  ( in this step both ionization energy and electron affinity was involved because in metal (Na) electron is added which needs the energy and this energy draw from the step 3 and Chlorine require releasing electron to be in ionic state so when electron leaves the orbit energy releases.

Step 5: final step is Hess Law which is the combination of all the steps which step 4 again go back to step 5 and this cycle continues by repeating same steps    Na⁺(g) + Cl⁻(g)→NaCl(s)

at this step heat of formation is calculated

Heat of formation= atomization energy+ dissociation energy+ sum of ionization energies + sum of electron affinity + lattice energy.

2:  if we look at the electron configuration of the nitrogen it has 5 electrons in its outermost shell which indicates it can make 5 bonds 4 bonds and 1 lone pair usually and Oxygen has 6 electrons in its outermost shell. So nitrate ion have the total number of 24 electrons including the 1 electron which shows on the compound.

So when they make nitrate ion NO₃⁻¹ it shows that nitrate has 3 resonance structures. Nitrogen's three sigma bonds are attached to oxygen and fourth one make 1 pie bond which can rotate, delocalized and change its position anytime from one Oxygen atom to other oxygen atom.


Related Questions

A gas has a volume of 6.6 L at a temperature of 40 C. What is the volume of

the gas if the temperature changes to 15 C?

Answers

Answer:

6.07 L

Explanation:

It appears that the reading has been made at constant pressure .

At constant pressure , the gas law formula is

V/T = constant  V is volume and T is temperature of the gas.

V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂

V₁ = 6.6 L ,

T₁ = 40°C

= 273 + 40

= 313 K

T₂ = 15+ 273

= 288K

V₂ = ?

Putting the values in the formula above

6.6 / 313  = V₂ / 288

V₂ = 6.07 L.



Pick the odd one out?


Ethanol

Hexane

Oil

Carbon tetrachloride

Answers

Answer: Ethanol is the odd one out.

Explanation:

A polar compound is defined as the compound which is formed when there is a difference of electronegativities between the atoms. It is also defined as the bond which is formed due to the unequal sharing of electrons between the atoms.

Non-polar compound is defined as the compound which is formed when there is no difference of electronegativities between the atoms or the polarities cancel out.

Hexane [tex](C_6H_{14}), Oil (mixture of hydrocarbons) and carbon tetrachloride [tex](CCl_4)[/tex] all are non polar whereas ethanol is polar due to electronegative difference between hydrogen and oxygen.

Alkyl derivatives of mercury are highly toxic and can cause mercury poisoning in humans. Dimethylmercury is one of the strongest known neurotoxins. Although it is said to have a slightly sweet smell, inhaling enough to discern this would be hazardous.
Give the empirical formula of dimethylmercury.

Answers

Answer:

The empirical formula of dimethylmercury is C2H6Hg

Explanation:

Dimethylmercury, as it says in the name, presents not only the mercury metal in its structure (Hg) but also two radical groups called methyl, which is why its name begins with the prefix DI, referring to the fact that there are two methyl.

Acetic acid and ethanol react to form ethyl acetate and water.If 94.0 mmol of C2H5CO2CH3 are removed from a flask containing a mixture of HCH3CO2, C2H5OH, C2H5CO2CH3 and H2O at equilibrium, then following questions are to be answered. 1. What is the rate of the reverse reaction before any C2H5CO2CH3 has been removed from the flask?2. What is the rate of the reverse reaction just after the C2H5CO2CH3 has been removed from the flask?3. What is the rate of the reverse reaction when the system has again achieved equilibrium?4. How much less C2H5CO2CH3 is in the flask when the system has again reached equilibrium?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The equation for the react between Acetic acid and ethanol  to form ethyl acetate and water is :

[tex]HCH_3CO_2_{(aq)}+C_2H_5OH_{(aq)} \to C_2H_5CO_2CH_3_{(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)}[/tex]

Imagine if 94.0 mmol of [tex]C_2H_5CO_2CH_3[/tex] are removed from a flask; Then:

We are to answer the following questions:

1. What is the rate of the reverse reaction before any [tex]C_2H_5CO_2CH_3[/tex]  has been removed from the flask?

The reaction above is called an esterification reaction;

So the rate of reverse reaction before any [tex]C_2H_5CO_2CH_3[/tex]  is removed is  greater than zero and equal to forward reaction rate.

2. What is the rate of the reverse reaction just after the [tex]C_2H_5CO_2CH_3[/tex]  has been removed from the flask?

Just after the [tex]C_2H_5CO_2CH_3[/tex]  has been removed from the flask, the rate of the reverse reaction is  greater than zero but less than forward reaction rate.

3. What is the rate of the reverse reaction when the system has again achieved equilibrium?

When the system has again achieved equilibrium, the rate of the reverse reaction is greater than zero and equal to forward reaction rate because we it has achieved the equilibrium, hence, the reaction tends to proceed in the forward direction.

4. How much less [tex]C_2H_5CO_2CH_3[/tex]  is in the flask when the system has again reached equilibrium?

The [tex]C_2H_5CO_2CH_3[/tex] in the flask when the system has again reached equilibrium is lesser by 94.0 mmol as given right from the question

Which of the following is named using the unmodified element name and adding the word "ion"? Select the correct answer below:

a. simple cations (monatomic cations of elements of only one possible charge)
b. simple anions (monatomic anions of elements of only one possible charge)
c. simple protons
d. simple neutrons

Answers

Answer:

simple cations (monatomic cations of elements of only one possible charge)

Explanation:

Simple cations (monatomic cations of elements of only one possible charge)  are named using the unmodified element name and adding the word "ion"

For example, the Na+ is named the sodium ion.

An atom or molecule with a net electric charge as a result of the loss or gain of one or more electrons is known as an ion.

One of the reagents below gives predominantly 1,2 addition (direct addition) while the other gives predominantly 1,4 addition (conjugate addition). a) Which major organic product is the result of 1,2 addition? ---Select--- b) Draw the skeletal structure of major organic product A

Answers

Complete Question

The complete question is shown on the first uploaded image

Answer:

a

The correct option is reagent B

b

The  skeletal structure of major organic product A is shown on the third uploaded image

Explanation:

The mechanism of the reaction for A and  B  are shown on the second the second reaction and looking at this we can see that the reagent that  predominately gives 1,2 addition is reagent B  

At that volume is measured to be 755 mm of Hg. If the lungs are compressed to a newA healthy male adult has a lung capacity around 6.00 liters. The pressure in the lungs volume of 3.81 liters, what would be the new pressure in the lungs? What would happen to the air in the lungs?

Answers

Answer:

1188.976 mmHg

Explanation:

Initial pressure P1= 755 mmHg

Initial volume V1 = 6.00 litres

Final volume V2 = 3.81 litres

Final pressure P2= the unknown

Now applying Boyle's Law,we have;

P1V1 = P2V2

Since P2 is the unknown then it has to be made the subject of the formula.

P2=P1V1/ V2

P2= 755 × 6.00/ 3.81

P2= 1188.976 mmHg

Therefore, the new pressure is; 1188.976 mmHg

Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of reaction but can be recovered unchanged at the end of the reaction. Catalysts can be classified as either homogeneous (same state as reactants) or heterogeneous (different state than reactants).
Platinum is used to catalyze the hydrogenation of ethylene:
H2(g)+CH2CH2(g)−⟶Pt(s)CH3CH3(g)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) catalyze the conversion of ozone (O3) to oxygen gas (O2):
2O3(g)−⟶CFC(g)3O2(g)
Magnesium catalyzes the disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide to produce water and oxygen:
2H2O2(aq)−⟶Mg(s)2H2O(l)+O2(g)
What type of catalysts are platinum, CFCs, and magnesium under these conditions?

Answers

Answer:

-  Platinum acts as a heterogeneous catalyst in the hydrogenation of ethylene.

- CFCs act as homogeneous catalysts in the conversion of ozone to oxygen gas.

- Magnesium acts as a heterogeneous catalyst in the disproportionantion of hydrogen peroxide.

Explanation:

Hello,

For the given reactions, considering the definition of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst, we can identify that is each catalyst behave as follows:

-  Platinum acts as a heterogeneous catalyst in the hydrogenation of ethylene as all the reactants are gaseous but it remains solid.

- CFCs act as homogeneous catalysts in the conversion of ozone to oxygen gas as it remains gaseous as well as both ozone and oxygen.

- Magnesium acts as a heterogeneous catalyst in the disproportionantion of hydrogen peroxide as it is solid whereas the other species are aqueous, liquid and gaseous

Best regards.

Rubidium is ______ potassium in the periodic table. lodine is ______ bromine in the periodic table. Therefore, the rubidium ion is __________ than the potassium ion, and the iodine ion is___________ than the bromide ion. The _______ the distance between the rubidium ion and the iodide ion is the potassium ion and the bromide ion. Therefore, the energy associated with the interaction between rubidium and iodide is________ atomic radius means that than that between , and the lattice energy of potassium bromide is ________ more exothermidc.

Answers

Answer:

The given blanks can be filled with below, below, larger, larger, larger, larger and smaller.

Explanation:

In the periodic table, rubidium comes below the potassium, and iodine comes below bromine. Therefore, it can be said that the ion of rubidium is larger in comparison to potassium ion, and similarly the ion of iodine is larger in comparison to the ion of bromine.  

When the atomic radius is larger it signifies that the distance in between the ion of iodine and the ion of rubidium is larger in comparison to that between the ion of potassium and the ion of bromine. Thus, smaller energy is associated with the interaction between iodine and rubidium, and potassium bromide's lattice energy is more exothermic.  

A 11.0 mLmL sample of 0.30 MHBrMHBr solution is titrated with 0.16 MNaOHMNaOH. Part A What volume of NaOHNaOH is required to reach the equivalence point? Express the volume to two significant figures and include the appropriate units. nothingnothing

Answers

Answer:

21 mL of NaOH is required.

Explanation:

Balanced reaction: [tex]HBr+NaOH\rightarrow NaBr+H_{2}O[/tex]

Number of moles of HBr in 11.0 mL of 0.30 M HBr solution

= [tex](\frac{0.30}{1000}\times 11.0)[/tex] moles = 0.0033 moles

Let's say V mL of 0.16 M NaOH solution is required to reach equivalence point.

So, number of moles of NaOH in V mL of 0.16 M NaOH solution

= [tex](\frac{0.16}{1000}\times V)[/tex] moles = 0.00016V moles

According to balanced equation-

1 mol of HBr is neutralized by 1 mol of NaOH

So, 0.0033 moles of HBr are neutralized by 0.0033 moles of NaOH

Hence, [tex]0.00016V=0.0033[/tex]

           [tex]\Rightarrow V=\frac{0.0033}{0.00016}=21[/tex]

So, 21 mL of NaOH is required.

The realization that guanine and thymine base pair to cysteine and adenine, respectively, through their keto-like tautomeric forms has ultimately led to which types of technologies seen in popular TV shows like CSI and Law and Order?
a. DNA sequencing and profiling
b. Flexible display monitors
c. Smart phones
d. Police cars

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer to the following question will be Option A (DNA sequencing and profiling).

Explanation:

It is indeed a procedure through which a specific DNA sequence named as the profile is chosen to take from either a sample or perhaps a survey. For humans, much more of the DNA sequence will be the same, although only different regions differ in sequencing, such locations are considered polymorphic. The disparity between individuals regardless of such a particular process is named as polymorphisms, and then this method is being used in the detection of murders, parental conflicts, etc.

The other three situations aren't connected to the situation in question. That option 1 seems to be the right answer.

Using the following balanced chemical equation 8 H2 + S8à 8 H2S. Determine the mass of the product (molar mass = 34.08g/mol) if you start with 1.35 g of hydrogen and 6.86 g of S8 (Molar mass = 256.5 g/mole).

Answers

Answer: 7.29 g of [tex]H_2S[/tex] will be produced from the given masses of both reactants.

Explanation:

To calculate the moles :

[tex]\text{Moles of solute}=\frac{\text{given mass}}{\text{Molar Mass}}[/tex]    

[tex]{\text{Moles of} H_2}=\frac{1.35g}{2.01g/mol}=0.672moles[/tex]

[tex]\text{Moles of} S_8=\frac{6.86g}{256.5g/mol}=0.0267moles[/tex]

[tex]8H_2+S_8\rightarrow 8H_2S[/tex]

According to stoichiometry :

1 mole of [tex]S_8[/tex] require = 8 moles of [tex]H_2[/tex]

Thus 0.0267 moles of [tex]S_8[/tex] will require=[tex]\frac{8}{1}\times 0.0267=0.214moles[/tex]  of [tex]H_2[/tex]

Thus [tex]S_8[/tex] is the limiting reagent as it limits the formation of product and [tex]H_2[/tex] is the excess reagent.

As 1 mole of [tex]S_8[/tex] give = 8 moles of [tex]H_2S[/tex]

Thus 0.0267 moles of [tex]S_8[/tex] give =[tex]\frac{8}{1}\times 0.0267=0.214moles[/tex]  of [tex]H_2S[/tex]

Mass of [tex]H_2S=moles\times {\text {Molar mass}}=0.214moles\times 34.08g/mol=7.29g[/tex]

Thus 7.29 g of [tex]H_2S[/tex] will be produced from the given masses of both reactants.

Why are there different theories about the effects of global warming?

Answers

Because many people have different views on reality.
Because how can we be so sure? Theories are just predictions so there’s really no telling what the true effects of global warming are as new information is being gathered every day.

One proposed mechanism of the reaction of HBr with O2 is given here. HBr + O2 → HOOBr (slow) HOOBr + HBr → 2HOBr (fast) HOBr + HBr → H2O + Br2 (fast) What is the equation for the overall reaction?

Answers

Answer:

4 HBr + O2  →  + 2H2O + 2Br2

Explanation:

Based on the following reaction mechanism:

HBr + O2 → HOOBr (slow)

HOOBr + HBr → 2HOBr (fast)

HOBr + HBr → H2O + Br2 (fast)

The equation for the overall reaction is the sum of the three reactions in which intermediaries of reaction (HOBr and HOOBr are canceled). That is 1 + 2 + 2*(3):

HBr + O2 + HOOBr + HBr + 2HOBr + 2HBr → HOOBr + 2HOBr + 2H2O + 2Br2

4 HBr + O2  →  + 2H2O + 2Br2

Beeing this reaction the equation of the overall reaction.

In this lab, you are to carry out the formation of a Grignard reagent from 1-bromo-benzene andits subsequent reaction with solid carbon dioxide (CO2) followed by acidic workup (using HCl asthe acid). Write the overall reaction and product(s) that you expect.

Answers

Answer:

(A). C6H5Br + Mg(in ether) -----------> C6H5MgBr.

(B). C6H5MgBr + O = C = O -----------> C6H5-COO^- Mg^+ Br.

(C). C6H5-COO^- Mg^+ Br + HCl --------> C6H5-COOH + Mg^+Br(OH).

PRODUCTS=> C6H5-COOH and Mg^+Br(OH).

Explanation:

A Grignard reagent is a reagent that/which is an organometallic compound that is R -Mg- X. The R = alkyl, vinyl or allyl and the X = halogens.

It must be noted that an important reaction of Grignard reagent is its reaction with compounds containing the Carbonyl that is -CO functional group and this kind of Reaction is known as a Grignard Reaction.

So, in this question we are told that;

=> "1-bromo-benzene andits subsequent reaction with solid carbon dioxide (CO2) followed by acidic workup (using HCl asthe acid). "

Thus;

(A). C6H5Br + Mg(in ether) -----------> C6H5MgBr.

(B). C6H5MgBr + O = C = O -----------> C6H5-COO^- Mg^+ Br.

(C). C6H5-COO^- Mg^+ Br + HCl --------> C6H5-COOH + Mg^+Br(OH).

A chemist titrates of a butanoic acid solution with solution at . Calculate the pH at equivalence. The of butanoic acid is__________ .Round your answer to decimal places.
Note for advanced students: you may assume the total volume of the solution equals the initial volume plus the volume of solution added.

Answers

Answer:

pH = 8.75

Explanation:

100.0mL of a 0.8108M of a butanoic acid (HC₃H₇CO₂, pKa 4.82) solution is titrated with 0.0520M KOH.

The reaction is:

HC₃H₇CO₂ + KOH → H₂O + KC₃H₇CO

Moles of butanoic acid are:

0.1000L × (0.8108mol / L) = 0.08108 moles of butanoic

For a complete reaction, volume of KOH must be added is the volume in which 0.08108 moles of KOH are added, that is:

0.08108 mol × (L / 0.0520mol) = 1.56L of KOH.

Total volume in equilibrium is 1.56L + 0.10L = 1.66L

That means concentration of butanoic acid is:

0.08108 mol / 1.66L = 0.04884M HC₃H₇CO₂

At equivalence point, there is just C₃H₇CO⁻ in solution

Kb of butanoic acid is:

C₃H₇CO⁻ + H₂O ⇄ HC₃H₇CO₂ + OH⁻

Kb = Kw / Ka

Ka = 10^-pKa

Ka = 1.51x10⁻⁵

Kb = 1x10⁻¹⁴ / 1.51x10⁻⁵ = 6.61x10⁻¹⁰

The equilibrium of Kb is:

Kb = 6.61x10⁻¹⁰ =  [HC₃H₇CO₂] [OH⁻] / [C₃H₇CO⁻]

As at equivalence point there is just C₃H₇CO⁻, the equilibrium concentrations are:

[C₃H₇CO⁻] = 0.04884M - X

[HC₃H₇CO₂] = X

[OH⁻] = X

Replacing in Kb:

6.61x10⁻¹⁰ =  X² / [0.04884M - X]

0 =  X² + 6.61x10⁻¹⁰X - 3.23x10⁻¹¹

Solving for X:

X = -5.68x10⁻⁶ → False solution. There is no negative concentrations

X = 5.683x10⁻⁶ → Right solution.

As [OH⁻] = X, [OH⁻] = 5.683x10⁻⁶.

pOH = - log [OH⁻]

pOH = 5.245

pH = 14 - pOH

pH = 8.75

The compound ClF contains Group of answer choices polar covalent bonds with partial negative charges on the Cl atoms. ionic bonds. nonpolar covalent bonds. polar covalent bonds with partial negative charges on the F atoms.

Answers

Answer:

polar covalent bonds with partial negative charges on the F atoms.

Explanation:

A covalent bond could be polar or nonpolar depending on the relative electro negativity difference between the two bonding atoms. In this case, the bonding atoms are chlorine and fluorine.

In the Pauling's scale, fluorine has an electro negativity value of 3.98 while chlorine has an electro negativity value of 3.16. The difference in electro negativity between the two atoms is about 0.82. This magnitude of electro negativity difference between the two bonding atoms correspond to the existence of a polar covalent bond in the molecule.

The direction of the dipole depends on the relative electro negativity values of the two bonding atoms. Since fluorine is more electronegative than chlorine, the fluorine atom will be partially negative and the chlorine atom will be partially positive accordingly.

The compound ClF (chlorine monofluoride) contains polar covalent bonds with partial negative charges on the F atoms. Therefore, option D is correct.

In ClF, chlorine (Cl) is more electronegative than fluorine. As a result, the shared electrons in the Cl-F bond are pulled closer to the chlorine atom, creating a partial negative charge on the fluorine atoms and a partial positive charge on the chlorine atom.

This polarity in the Cl-F bond gives the molecule an overall polarity, making it a polar molecule. Thank you for pointing out the error, and I apologize for any confusion caused.

Thus, option D is correct.

To learn more about the polar covalent bonds, follow the link:

https://brainly.com/question/28295508

#SPJ6

A thermometer is placed in water in order to measure the water’s temperature. What would cause the liquid in the thermometer to rise? The molecules in the water move closer together. The molecules in the thermometer’s liquid spread apart. The kinetic energy of the water molecules decreases. The kinetic energy of the thermometer’s liquid molecules decreases.

Answers

Answer:

The molecules in the thermometer’s liquid spread apart

Explanation:

The molecules in the thermometer’s liquid spread apart.

What is thermometer?

A thermometer is a device that measures temperature or a temperature gradient.

What causes the liquid in the thermometer to rise?

The liquid (water) in thermometer exhibits convex meniscus, as a result of this meniscus, the water molecules in the thermometer will spread apart when temperature is measured.

Learn more about thermometer here: https://brainly.com/question/21720093

Which of the following is evidence for a physical change? A) burning B) fizzing C) evaporating D) rusting

Answers

The answer is D) rusting
I’m not sure and if it’s wrong I’m so sorry

Answer:c

Explanation: rusting, burning and fuzzing are all examples of chemical reactions/changes.

When nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas from car exhaust combines with water in the air, it forms nitrogen oxide and nitric acid (HNO3), which causes acid rain, and nitrogen oxide. Balanced eqjation:
(NO); 3NO2(g) + H20(l) --> 2HNO3(aq) + NO(g).
A) How many molecules of NO2 are needed to react with 0.250 mol of H2O?
B) How many grams of HNO3 are produced when 60.0 g of NO2 completly reacts?
C) How many grams of HNO3 can be produced if 225 g of NO2 is mixed with 55.2 g of H2O?

Answers

Answer:

A. 0.75 moles NO2 are required

B. 82.2 gnof HNO3 are produced

C. 205.3 g of HNO3 are produced

Explanation:

Check attachment below for explanation and calculations

Gravity on Earth is 9.8 m/s2, and gravity on the Moon is 1.6 m/s2.

so if the mass of an object on earth is 40 kilograms what is the mass on the moon.
and how much does it way

Answers

Answer:

Mass is the same but it weights 64 Newtons

Explanation:

First of Mass is the same in any sort of gravity. Now let's calculate weight

W = MG

where W = Weight

M = Mass

G = Gravity

W = (40kg)(1.6)

W = 64

Sorry for the spelling mistakes, hope this helps

Answer:6.61kilo

Explanation: fdfv

please help!!!! Chem question

Answers

Answer : The net ionic equation will be,

[tex]Ba^{2+}(aq)+SO_4^{2-}(aq)\rightarrow BaSO_4(s)[/tex]

Explanation :

In the net ionic equations, we are not include the spectator ions in the equations.

Spectator ions : The ions present on reactant and product side which do not participate in a reactions. The same ions present on both the sides.

The given balanced ionic equation will be,

[tex]Ba(OH)_2(aq)+H_2SO_4(aq)\rightarrow 2H_2O(aq)+BaSO_4(s)[/tex]

The ionic equation in separated aqueous solution will be,

[tex]Ba^{2+}(aq)+2OH^-(aq)+2H^{+}(aq)+SO_4^{2-}(aq)\rightarrow BaSO_4(s)+2H^+(aq)+2OH^{-}(aq)[/tex]

In this equation, [tex]H^+\text{ and }OH^-[/tex] are the spectator ions.

By removing the spectator ions from the balanced ionic equation, we get the net ionic equation.

The net ionic equation will be,

[tex]Ba^{2+}(aq)+SO_4^{2-}(aq)\rightarrow BaSO_4(s)[/tex]

Interpret the following equation for a chemical reaction using the coefficients given: CO(g) Cl2(g) COCl2(g) On the particulate level: _________ of CO(g) reacts with _________ of Cl2(g) to form _________ of COCl2(g). On the molar level: _________ of CO(g) reacts with _________ of Cl2(g) to form _________ of COCl2(g).

Answers

Answer:

On the particulate level: 6.02 * 10²³ particles of CO(g) reacts with 6.02 * 10²³ particles of Cl₂(g) to form 6.02 * 10²³ particles of COCl2(g).

On the molar level: 1 mole of CO(g) reacts with 1 mole of Cl2(g) to form 1 mole of COCl₂(g).

Explanation:

The particulate level refers to the microscopic or atomic level of substances. It also involves the ions, protons, neutrons and molecules present in substances.

The molar level refers to the quantitative measure of substances in terms of the mole, where a mole represents the amount of substances containing the Avogadro number of particles which is equal to 6.02 * 10³ particles.

Equation of the reaction: CO(g) + Cl₂(g) ----> COCl₂(g)

From the equation above, I mole of CO gas reacts with 1 mole of Cl₂ gas to produce 1 mole of COCl₂ gas.

Since 1 mole of a substance contains 6.02 * 10²³ particles, on a particulate level, 6.02 * 10²³ particles of CO gas reacts with 6.02 * 10²³ particles of Cl₂ gas to produce 6.02 * 10²³ particles of COCl₂ gas.

why are the products of light reaction of photosythesis important

Answers

Answer: light reaction produces oxygen and water as we know the general importance of oxygen and water they are useful for organism to survive if plants do not produce oxygen then how could we get oxygen from the environment

1.Draw the born-Haber lattice energy cycle for sodium chloride. Explain the concept of resonance using the nitrate ion structure.

Answers

Answer:

1. Born Haber cycle is used to calculate enthalpy of formation of an ionic solid

2. Resonance structures are used to represent the bonding in some chemical species.

Explanation:

The Born–Haber cycle is a method popularly known in chemistry used in computing enthalpy. The enthalpy of formation of an ionic solid cannot be measured directly. The lattice enthalpy refers to the enthalpy change involved in the formation of an ionic compound from gaseous ions the process is exothermic process. A Born–Haber cycle works on the principle of Hess's law. It can be used to calculate the lattice enthalpy by comparing the standard enthalpy change of formation of the ionic compound from the elements to the enthalpy required to make gaseous ions from the elements.

Resonance is an idea introduced by Linus Pauling to explain chemical bonding from the valence bond perspective. The idea of resonance affords us the opportunity to describe the bonding in certain molecules by combining several structures called chemical or canonical structures. The real structure of the specie lie somewhere between the structures indicated by the resonance structures. The resonance structures of the nitrate ion are shown in the image attached.

Give the IUPAC name for the following compound: Multiple Choice (1R,3R)-1-ethyl-3-methylcyclohexane (1S,3S)-1-ethyl-3-methylcyclohexane (1R,3S)-1-ethyl-3-methylcyclohexane (1S,3R)-1-ethyl-3-methylcyclohexane

Answers

Answer:

(1R,3R)-1-ethyl-3-methylcyclohexane.

Explanation:

NOTE: The question is not complete since we do not have the diagram to the chemical structure in the question. Kindly check the attached picture for the diagram of the chemical structure.

So, in order to name Enantiomers or chemical structure through the use of the R,S system requires series of rules and regulations to follow for the proper naming.

There is an ethyl attached to the compound as the first substituents and methyl at the third which are the secondary prefix.

=> The longest chain is 6, thus the compound has hexane as the root compound.

=> It is (1R,3R) because when we draw from the highest substituents to the lower substituents, this is done in a clockwise direction.

What is the conjugate acid in the following equation hbr + H2O yields h30 positive + BR negative

Answers

Answer:

HBr + H2O = H3O+ + Br-

So our conjugate acid is the H3O+ to H2O

Explanation:

A conjugate acid of a base results when the base accepts a proton.

Consider ammonia reacting with water to form an equilibrium with ammonium ions and hydroxide ions:

NH3 (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

Ammonium, NH4+, acts as a conjugate acid to ammonia, NH3.

A chemistry student weighs out of an unknown solid compound and adds it to of distilled water at . After minutes of stirring, only some of the has dissolved. The student drains off the solution, then washes, dries and weighs the that did not dissolve. It weighs 0.570 kg.

Required:
a. Using the information above, can you calculate the solubility of X?
b. If so, calculate it. Remember to use the correct significant digits and units. .

Answers

Complete Question

A chemistry student weighs out 0.950 kg  of an unknown solid compound and adds it to 2.00 L of distilled water at . After minutes of stirring, only some of the has dissolved. The student drains off the solution, then washes, dries and weighs the that did not dissolve. It weighs 0.570 kg.

Required:

a. Using the information above, can you calculate the solubility of X?

b. If so, calculate it. Remember to use the correct significant digits and units. .

Answer:

a

Yes the solubility of X can be calculated this is because the solubility of a substance dissolved in a solution is the amount of that substance that is needed to saturate  1 unit volume of the solvent solution at that given temperature.

And from our question we see that substance  X saturated the solvent and there is  still remained undissolved substance X

b

The solubility of X is  [tex]S = 190 g /L[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

    The initial mass of the unknown solid is [tex]m_i =0. 950 \ kg[/tex]

    The mass of the undissolved substance is  [tex]m_u = 0.570 \ kg[/tex]

    The volume of the solution is  [tex]V =2.00\ L[/tex]

Yes the solubility of X can be calculated this is because the solubility of a substance dissolved in a solution is the amount of that substance that is needed to saturate  1 unit volume of the solvent solution at that given temperature.

And from our question we see that substance  X saturated the solvent and there is  still remained undissolved substance X

The mass of the substance that dissolved ([tex]m_d[/tex] ) is mathematically represented as

    [tex]m_d = m_i - m_u[/tex]

  [tex]m_d = 0.95 - 0.570[/tex]

    [tex]m_d = 0.38 \ kg = 0.38 *1000 = 380 g[/tex]

The solubility of this substance (X) is mathematically represented as

      [tex]S = \frac{m_d}{V}[/tex]

substituting values

     [tex]S = \frac{ 380}{2}[/tex]

     [tex]S = 190 g /L[/tex]

   

Volume of water is 35 cm3 and mass of water is 60 gram, what is the density of the water.​

Answers

Answer:

p = 1.714 g/cm3

Explanation:

Density Equation

p=mV

Where:

p = density

m = mass  = 60g

V = volume = 35cm3

p = 60g x 35cm3

p = 1.714 g/cm3

p=1.714g/cm³

Explanation:

v=35cm³

m=60g

P=mass/volume (density formula)

=60/35

=1.714g/cm³

Given the equation 2KCIO3(s)=2KCI(s) + 3O2(g). A 3.00-g sample of KCIO3 is decomposed and the oxygen at 24 degrees C and 0.982 atm is collected. What volume of oxygen gas will be collected assuming 100% yield?

Answers

Answer:

0.912 L or 912 mL

Explanation:

 M(KClO3) =  122.55 g/mol

3.00 g KClO3 * 1  mol/122.55 g = 3.00/122.55 mol =0.02449 mol                

                           2KCIO3(s)=2KCI(s) + 3O2(g)

from reaction      2 mol                         3 mol

given                   0.02449 mol              x

x = 0.02449*3/2 =0.03673 mol O2

T = 24 + 273.15 = 297.15 K

PV = nRT

V= nRT/P = (0.03673 mol*0.082057 L*atm/K*mol*297.15 K)/0.982 atm =

= 0.912 L or 912 mL

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