Elements and compounds can move from one phase to another phase when special physical forces are present.
What is an element?It is defined as a substance which cannot be broken down further into any other substance. Each element is made up of its own type of atom. Due to this reason all elements are different from one another.
Elements can be classified as metals and non-metals. Metals are shiny and conduct electricity and are all solids at room temperature except mercury. Non-metals do not conduct electricity and are mostly gases at room temperature except carbon and sulfur.
The number of protons in the nucleus is the defining property of an element and is related to the atomic number.All atoms with same atomic number are atoms of same element.
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draw the final organic product of the following three-step reaction of bromomethylbenzene.
The final organic product on reaction of bromomethylbenzene is carbonyl compound of ketones.
What are ketones ?
Your body produces ketones, which are acids, when it burns fat for energy. Your body's cells typically use blood glucose (sugar) as an energy source. Consuming carbohydrates provides you with glucose. Your body will burn fat for energy if your cells can't receive enough glucose. This procedure results in ketones.
The substance sodium cyanide is nucleophilic. As a result, CN behaves as a nucleophile. The bromine on the benzyl chloride molecule will act as a leaving group, which causes Br to be replaced with CN. The SN2 substitution reaction is used to carry out this reaction and 4 – bromobenzyl cyanide is formed in the 1st step.
In the next step 4 – bromobenzyl cyanide undergoes two step reaction with grignard reagent and hydronium ion. and give rise to final product which is a ketone.
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if 1.0 mol of mg is mixed with 2.0 mol of br2, and 0.37 mol of mgbr2 is obtained, what is the percent yield for the reaction?
The equation states when 1.0 mol if mg was combined to 2.0 mol of br2, 0.37 mol of mgbr2 was produced, as well as the percentage yield for reaction is 41.99%.
What is the meaning of reaction and example?A reaction is a course of action that is conducted in response to something. If you tell your parents you want to move out, one can tell if they're displeased by their reaction. Physical elements are typically present in reactions.
Briefing:amount of magnesium moles = 1 mole
amount of bromine gas in moles = 2 moles
obtained moles for magnesium bromide= 0.42 moles
percent yield =?
chemical reaction balance: Mg Br₂ + ⇒ Mg₂
MgBr2 was produced when 1 mole when Mg interacted.
Br2 interacted to produce 1 moles of MgBr2.
Br2 was reacted to produce 2 moles of MgBr2.
limiting reagent is Mg
hence, mass produced is 1 mole Mg = 1 x 184.11
mass obtained = 184.11 (theoretical yield)
actual yield = 0.42 x 184.11
actual yield = 77.32 grams
percent yield =actual yield/theoretical yield*100
the values being entered into the equation:
77.32/184.11*100
=41.99%
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what is the net ionic equation when a solution of silver nitrate is mixed with a solution of sodium phosphate?
the net ionic equation when a solution of silver nitrate is mixed with a solution of sodium phosphate is silver nitrate(aq) + sodium phosphate(aq) → silver phosphate(s) + sodium nitrate(aq AgNO3(aq) + NagPO4(aq).
The net ionic equation is a synthetic calculation that only exhibits the components, substances, and ions that are involved directly in the chemical reaction. A net ionic formula illustrates only the chemical involved in a response, whereas a full ionic equation depicts the spectator ions as well. If there is no gross ionic equation to rebalancing, you encounter what is known as a molecular equation (or a complete molecular equation). These are more challenging to balance because the elements that are reduced and oxidised were also mixed in with substances that are not being lowered or oxidised.
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the first step of the kreb cycle is the joining of oxaloacetate to acetylcoa. the chemistry performed has an organic chemistry name, what is the name of this chemical reaction? group of answer choices aldol addition michael addition diels alder substitution elimination
The kreb cycle is the joining of oxaloacetate to acetyl CoA. the chemistry performed has an organic chemistry name reaction is called as aldol addition reaction.
The first step of the kreb cycle is the joining of oxaloacetate to acetyl CoA. the first step of the kreb's cylcle is also reffered as the citric acid cycle or also known as tricarboxylic acid that is TCA cycle that involves in the addition of the oxalo acetate to the acetyl CoA. this reaction is called as the aldol addition reaction.
Thus the reaction follows in the first step of the kreb's cycle is the aldol addition reaction.
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if a reaction produces an insoluble salt what will you notice happening in the test tube
When a reaction produces an insoluble salt we will notice cloudiness and solids accumulating at bottom of the test tube.
We refer to a substance as a precipitate if it creates an insoluble salt as a result of soluble compounds reacting in water (see image).Most carbonates other than sodium and potassium, most hydroxides other than sodium and potassium, lead sulfate, barium sulfate, silver chloride, silver bromide, lead iodide, and lead chloride, lead bromide, lead iodide, are insoluble in water.AgCl, PbBr2, and Hg2Cl2 are hence insoluble. The majority of silver salts are soluble. Common silver salts that are soluble are AgNO3 and Ag(C2H3O2); practically all others are insoluble. Salts of sulfate are often soluble.
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give the major product of the following reaction
Major product CHCI is the reaction's main byproduct.
What are the primary and secondary products?Large and Small Products
The product that was created using Markovnikov's rule is considered to be the major product out of the two conceivable products. Most of the time, this substance will form (70%–95%). The minor product is the name for the substitute.
What is the primary outcome of the HCl reaction?When 1,3-butadiene and HCl are combined at a higher temperature (100 oC or above), 1-chloro-2-butene is the main byproduct produced. This is an illustration of a 1,4-addition reaction where a C=C double bond is rearrange.
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Draw out the molecular orbital diagram for Ne2, starting with the 2s atomic orbitals and label each molecular orbital with the appropriate notation as done in class, i.e., σ*2s or Π2p, etc. Calculate the bond order of Ne2 and determine if you would expect this molecule to exist. Then write out the electron configuration for the molecule, and determine if this molecule would be attracted to a magnetic field.
Eight electrons in bonding molecular orbitals less seven electrons in antibonding orbitals, divided by two, will result in a bond order of one half for Ne2+. Electronic configuration of N2 is (σ1s2 σ∗1s2 σ2s2 σ∗2s2 π2px2 π2py2 σ2pz2)
This is because there are the same number of molecules that form bonds and antibonds, as predicted by molecular orbital theory. Therefore, since the bond order between its two atoms is zero, there is no such thing as a N2 molecule. The individual orbitals are shown in an orbital filling diagram as circles (or squares), and the orbitals that make up a sublevel are drawn next to one another horizontally. Principal energy level and sublevel are used to identify each sublevel. Arrows inside the circles represent electrons. To comprehend a diatomic molecular orbital , use a diatomic molecular orbital diagram. It is evident from Ne's electrical structure that its valence shell is entirely filled. Fully filled orbitals are more stable, as is well known. It is obvious that there is no electron sharing, hence Ne2 N e 2 cannot occur. Ne is an unstable chemical as a result.
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a theory stating that a chemical reaction occurs only when reactants strike each other at the correct orientation and with sufficient kinetic energy
A collision hypothesis that claims a chemical reaction can only happen when reactants collide at the right angle and with enough kinetic energy.
What in chemistry is a reactant?A material that's also present at the outset of such a chemical reaction is known as a reactant. Products are the substrate(s) to the side of the arrow. A component that remains after a chemical reaction is finished is known as a product.
Which side are the products and reactants?The chemicals (what you started with) be transformed into byproducts in a chemical process (what you end with). An arrow separates the reaction mixture, which are indicated on the left side of a solution, from the products, who are depicted on the right.
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A diatomic ideal gas is heated at constant volume until its pressure becomes three times. It is again heated at constant pressure until its volume is doubled. Find the molar heat capacity for the whole process.
Molar heat capacity for the process is 3.1R when heated at constant volume and constant pressure, pressure becomes three times and volume gets doubled.
A diatomic ideal gas is heated at constant volume until its pressure becomes 3 times.it is again heated at constant pressure until its volume is doubled. Let the pressure, temperature and volume of the gas at A be P,T and V respectively. so,
For diatomic gas, CV = 5/2 R and CP = 7/2 R
For Isochoric process, Pa / Ta = PB / Tb
=> P/T = 3P /Tb
=> Tb = 3T
we know that the heat supplied at constant volume is,
Qv = 5/2 n R (2T)
For Isobaric process,
VB / Tb = VC / Tc
=> Tc = 6T
and the heat supplied at constant pressure is,
QP = 7/2 nR (3T)
Now, molar heat capacity for the total process is,
Q = Qv + QP
n C (5T) = 31/2 n RT
=> C = 3.1 R
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the formula for the compound formed between aluminum ions and phosphate ions is ________.
The formula for the compound formed between aluminium ions and and phosphate ions is AIPO.
What is ions?An ion is an atom or we can say molecule with the net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is the considered to be a negative by convention and this is the charge is equal to the and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convention.
Aluminum Phosphate is a type of phosphate that is formed by the anion PO43- (phosphate) and cation Al3+ (aluminium). And the molecular or chemical formula of Aluminum or it is Phosphate of AlPO.
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which key reagents would you need to use to distinguish between following two molecules?
The correct response is A. Anhydrous zinc chloride and hydrochloric acid. The gases released by volcanoes, notably those in Mexico and South America, contain hydrochloric acid.
An aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride is what is known as hydrochloric acid, commonly referred to as muriatic acid. It has an unmistakably strong odour and is colourless. It is categorized as a powerful acid. In the digestive tracts of the majority of animal species, including humans, it is a part of the stomach acid. A crucial industrial chemical and reagent for laboratories is hydrochloric acid. Chemical burns from hydrochloric acid can be extremely painful if they come into contact with skin or other tissues. Ingestion of hydrochloric acid might result in blindness. The amount of acid used and how long it stays in contact with the tissues determine how severe the burns are. To get rid of dirt and grime, toilet bowl cleaners use hydrochloric acid. It is employed for etching floors prior to sealing them, cleaning corrosion from metals and other surfaces, and wiping mortar spillage off freshly laid bricks.
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Which key reagents would you need to use to distinguish between following two molecules?
( 3 alcohol and 1 alcohol)
A. Anhydrous zinc chloride and hydrochloric acid
B. Silver nitrate and ammonium hydroxide
C. 2,4- dinitrophenyl hydrazine
D. Chromic acid
17. Which of the following is a tertiary alcohol? a. CH3CH2OCH3 b. (CH3)3COH c.(CH3)2CHOH d. CH3CH2CH2OH
The tertiary alcohol a type of isomer from the given is (CH3)3COH. The correct option to this question is B.
The -OH group is still bonded to a tertiary carbon atom in tertiary alcohols. Tertiary alcohol has the general formula R1R2R3COH , where R1, R2 and R3 are alkyl or aryl groups.
One -OH group is still connected to a tertiary carbon atom in (CH3)3COH (CH3)3COH (attached to three methyl groups). As a result, it is a secondary alcohol.
In essence, alcohols are chemical molecules with polar -OH functional groups. The -OH group is primarily responsible for all of alcohols' chemical characteristics. Alcohols are polar protic solvents because of their volatility.
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How should spill cleaning materials be discarded? Select one: a)Leave them in the fume hood for the instructor: b)Rinse the cleaning materials in the sink, then place them in the trash can. c)Discard all components in the broken glats container d)Seal in a labeled plastic bag; then place in the solid waste container
Spill cleaning materials can be discarded by Seal it in a labeled plastic bag; then place in the solid waste container. The correct answer is D.
Spill cleaning material should be disposed of by placing them in the solid waste container after being sealed in a plastic bag with a label. This method of disposal is the safest and most ethical because it keeps the materials from contaminating or damaging the environment. It is crucial to clearly identify the bag with the contents and the date, and to properly discard it in accordance with local laws. Spill cleaning supplies should not be disposed of in other ways, such as by leaving them in the fume hood for the teacher to use or by rinsing them in the sink.
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Which of the following is true of a compound?
O A compound must be a solid at room temperature.
O A compound is a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.
O A compound is combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities.
O A compound is a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in a fixed ratio.
O A compound must be heterogeneous.
True compound is O A compound is a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in a fixed ratio.
A compound is a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in a fixed ratio. It cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means and retains its distinct identities. A compound may be a solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature, and may also be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
A homogeneous compound is a substance that is made up of only one type of atom or molecule. Examples of homogeneous compounds are water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and table salt (NaCl).
A heterogeneous compound is a mixture of two or more substances in which the components retain their individual physical properties. Examples of heterogeneous compounds include mixtures of oil and water, concrete, soil, and even a glass of iced tea.
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Drag the labels to identify the sequence of events that occurs at a synapse.
Most studied answer
1) An action potential arrives at the synaptic terminal.
2) Calcium channels open, and calcium ions enter the synaptic terminal.
3) Vesicles containing neurotransmitter fuse with the plasma membrane of the sending neuron.
4) Neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the synaptic cleft.
5) The neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors in the plasma membrane of the receiving neuron, causing ion channels there to open.
In the case-
1) At the synaptic terminal, an action potential arrives.2) The synaptic terminal's calcium channels open, allowing calcium ions to enter.3) The plasma membrane of the transmitting neuron and vesicles containing neurotransmitters merge.4) The synaptic cleft is traversed by molecules of neurotransmitters.5) Ion channels in the receiving neuron's plasma membrane open as a result of the neurotransmitter molecules attaching to receptors there.what is synapse?
At junctions known as synapses, neurons talk to one another. One neuron communicates with a target neuron, or another cell, at a synaptic junction.
Chemical messengers are used by the majority of synapses to communicate. Other synapses are electrical; ions move directly between cells in these synapses.
An action potential causes the presynaptic neuron at a chemical synapse to release neurotransmitters. These substances attach to the postsynaptic cell's receptors and alter the likelihood that it will release an action potential.
One axon may have several branches, allowing it to form synapses with different postsynaptic cells. The same is true for presynaptic—sending—neurons, which can deliver thousands of synaptic inputs to a single neuron.
Numerous synaptic vesicles can be seen inside the axon terminal of a transmitting cell. Neurotransmitter molecules are contained within these membrane-bound spheres. The axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron and the membrane of the postsynaptic cell are separated by a tiny space known as the synaptic cleft.
Action potentials, or nerve impulses, cause voltage-gated calcium channels in the cell membrane to open when they reach the axon terminal. Ca 2+ rushes into the cell from the exterior, where its concentration is significantly higher than its interior. Ca 2+ enables the fusion of synaptic vesicles with axon terminal membrane, which releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.
Neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the synaptic cleft and interact with receptor proteins on the postsynaptic cell. Ion channels in the cell membrane open or close in response to the activation of postsynaptic receptors. Depending on the ions involved, this might depolarize the cell, making it more positive, or it could hyperpolarize the cell, making it more negative.
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place the following molecules in order of decreasing bond angle: nh3, co2, ccl4, of2
molecules in order of decreasing bond angle:CO2 > CCl4 > NH3 > OF2
Bond angle is referred to as the angle between two bonds, or the angle between two orbitals surrounding the central atom in a complex molecule or ion that include bonding electron pairs. The spectroscopic approach is used to calculate it and it is expressed in degrees. Three linked nuclei in a molecule form an angle called a bond angle. Conventionally, the bond angle is thought to range from 0° to 180°. The angles and topologies of electron domains are distinctive. With a bond angle of 180°, for instance, a center atom with two zones of electron density is regarded as linear.
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Draw a Lewis structure for the urea molecule, CO(NH2)2CO(NH2)2. Draw the Lewis dot structure for urea. Include all lone pairs of electrons. SubmitPrevious Answers Part B Predict its geometric shape around C atom with the VSEPR theory. Predict its geometric shape around atom with the VSEPR theory. tetrahedral trigonal pyramidal bent trigonal planar SubmitRequest Answer Part C Predict its geometric shape around N atom with the VSEPR theory. Predict its geometric shape around atom with the VSEPR theory. tetrahedral trigonal pyramidal bent trigonal planar
Part B- The geometric shape is trigonal planar and hybridization is sp2. Part C- The geometric shape is tetrahedral and hybridization is sp3.
A Lewis Structure is a completely simplified illustration of the valence shell electrons in a molecule. It is used to expose how the electrons are organized round character atoms in a molecule. Electrons are proven as "dots" or for bonding electrons as a line among the 2 atoms.
The Lewis structure of urea is attached in the image given below.
The carbon atom surrounded by three regions of electron density. Therefore, it is trigonal planar.
The electron pair geometry is sp2 hybridization.
The nitrogen atoms are surrounded by four regions of electron density. Thus, it is arranged in a tetrahedral geometry. and the hybridization is sp3.
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complete the atomic orbital (ao) and molecular orbital (mo) energy diagram for li2+.
Li₂⁺ molecular orbital diagram shown below.
What is molecular orbital diagram?Atomic orbitals, which reflect the distribution of electrons over two or more atoms, are combined linearly to form molecular orbitals.
A molecular orbital diagram is used to comprehend the bonding of a diatomic molecule. The magnetic characteristics of a molecule and how they change with ionisation may be determined using MO diagrams. They also show the number of bonds shared by the two atoms, or the bond order of the molecule.
To comprehend a diatomic molecule's bonding, utilise a diatomic molecular orbital diagram. The magnetic characteristics of a molecule and how they change with ionisation may be determined using MO diagrams. They also shed light on the molecule's bond arrangement and the number of bonds that are shared by the two atoms.
Li = 1s²2s¹
Li₂⁺ molecular orbital diagram shown below:
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describe what changes occur during positron emission. the mass number and atomic number decreases. the mass number and atomic number increases. the mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases. the mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases. the mass number and atomic number do not change.
During Positron emission the mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases.
What is Positron emission?
Nuclear medicine procedures like positron emission tomography (PET) monitor the metabolic activity of the cells in different body tissues. In reality, PET combines nuclear medicine with biochemical analysis. It is produced by a proton-rich nucleus and is an anti-particle of a beta particle. A positron and an electron collide to produce two gamma rays with a mass of 0.511 MeV. Iron, concrete, wood, plastic, water, etc., can all be penetrated by positron gamma radiation to a depth of several inches.
What is the function of positron?
The function of your tissues and organs' metabolic or biochemical processes can be ascertained with the help of a positron emission tomography (PET) scan, a type of imaging treatment. The PET scan uses a radioactive substance (tracer) to show both normal and abnormal metabolic activity.
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6. A proteolytic enzyme cleaves bonds. O peptide O disulfide O double O None of the above
The correct option is A.
A proteolytic enzyme cleaves bonds that are peptides.
What is a proteolytic enzyme?
Proteolytic enzymes are enzymes that damage protein. These enzymes are formed by animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. Proteolytic enzymes damage proteins in the body or on the skin. This might help with digestion or with the damage of proteins mixed in swelling and pain.
The correct option is A.
A proteolytic enzyme cleaves bonds that are peptides.
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The cell diagram for the lead-acid cell that is used in automobile and truck batteries isWhere the comma between PbO2(s) and pbSO4(s) denotes a heterogeneous mixture of the two solids and the right ?hand lead electrode is nonreactive. (a) Write the balanced equation for the net cell reaction (b)Look up standard potentials for the oxidation and the reduction, then calculate the value of E cell. Number V (c) Calculate the value of Delta G Number k.j. mol^-1 (d) Calculate the value of E cell at 25 degree C if [H2 SO4]= 10.0 M. Number V (e) How many lead-acid cells are in a 12 V car battery? Round to the nearest integer.
The lead-acid battery used in truck and car batteries is depicted in the following cell diagram: The comma between PbO2(s) and pbSO4(s) indicates that the two solids are heterogeneously mixed, and the right
(a)The balanced net cell reaction is given below.
[tex]Pb(s)+PbO_2(s)+2H_2SO_4(aq) \rightarrow 2PbSO_4(s)+2H_2O(l)[/tex]
(b)The standard potentials for cathode and anode are as given below.
[tex]E^0_{anode}[/tex]=+1.685V
[tex]E^0_{anode}[/tex]-0.356V
[tex]E^0_{cell}=E^0_{cathode}-E^0_{anode}[/tex]=1.685V-(-0.356V)=2.041V
(c) [tex]\Delta G^0 =-nFE^0_{cell}=-2 \times 96500 \times 2.041=[/tex]-393913 J/mol = -393.9 kJ/mol
(d)[tex]E_{cell}=E^0_{cell}+\frac {0.0592}{2}log[H_2SO_4]=2.041 V+\frac {0.0592}{2}log10.0[/tex]=2.071V
(e) The number of lead-acid cells in a 12 V car battery = [tex]\frac {12}{2.071} \approx 6[/tex]
Two electrodes that are buried in a sulfuric acid electrolyte make up a lead-acid battery. In contrast to the negative electrode, which is fastened to a grid of metallic lead, the positive electrode is constructed of metallic lead oxide grains. Both flooded and valve-regulated lead-acid batteries fall within this category. Although less expensive than valve-regulated lead-acid batteries, flooded lead-acid batteries need more ventilation and maintenance. Due in large part to their portability and affordable price, lead-acid batteries are frequently employed in renewable energy systems. The low number of charging-discharging cycles, low discharge intensities, short lives, and slow charging rates of these batteries provide several difficulties.
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you add 100.0 g of water at 60.0°c to 100.0 g of ice at 0.00°c. some of the ice melts and cools the water to 0.00°c. when the ice and water mixture has come to a uniform temperature of 0°c, how much ice has melted?
When you combine 100.0 g pure ice at 0.00°c with 100.0 of water at 60.0°c, the amount of ice that melts is 50.3 grams. the water is cooled to 0 degrees Celsius. A uniform temp of 0°C has been reached in the ice
What does uniform temperature mean?The term "temperature uniformity" refers to the ability of an oven to keep the desired temperature consistently throughout all of its operating duration, not only in one area.
Describe consistent heating.1. Evenly distributed heat flow at the ground. If the grooves are deep or if the macroscopic constriction resist in the tube walls is high compared to the interfacial contact resistance there at joint between the outer and inner tubes, the heat flux over the land would be roughly uniform.
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what are the two main sources of excess co2 emitted by human activity? some of the carbon emitted by human activity goes into the atmosphere and remains there. where does the rest go?
Two main sources of excess co2 emitted by human activity are fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes.
What is green house gas emission?
Human-related greenhouse gas emissions increase the greenhouse effect and fuel climate change. Coal, oil, and natural gas combustion produce the majority of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and smaller trace gases like hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride are only a few of the gases that make up total greenhouse gas emissions (SF6).
Of the CO2 produced by human emissions, only around 50% is still in the atmosphere. Uptake into the land biosphere and ocean account for the remaining amount, roughly split equally.
Therefore two main sources of excess co2 emitted by human activity are fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes.
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draw the product(s) formed by heating the following compound in basic ethanol.
2-Ethyl-1-butene is a minor product whereas 3-methyl-2-pentene is the main one.
3-Bromo-3-methyl pentane is the alkyl halide shown. This tertiary alkyl halide can be seen. The Markovnikov rule is used to calculate the percentage of products that are produced throughout the reaction.
This process produces 2-ethyl-1-butene and 3-methyl-2-pentene as its two byproducts. Due to the fact that it is produced from a more stable carbocation intermediate, 3-methyl-2-pentene is the main byproduct. The minor product is 2-ethyl-1-butene.
When an acid catalyst is present, the typical reaction of benzonitrile with ethanol is expressed as follows:
C₆H₅CN + CH₃CH₂OH + H⁺ → C₆H₅ CO NH CH₂CH₃ (N- ethyl acetamide)
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In an oil spill, is the danger greater to birds and marine
mammals than it is to fish and other organisms that live on
the ocean bottom? Why?
Answer:
Birds and marine mammals are generally considered to be more vulnerable to oil spills because they are more likely to come into direct contact with the oil, either through exposure to the oil on the surface of the water or through ingestion of oil-contaminated prey. Birds may become coated in oil when they land on the water's surface to feed or rest, and marine mammals may be exposed to oil through inhalation or ingestion of contaminated water or prey.
Explanation:
Oil spills can have significant impacts on a variety of marine species, including birds, marine mammals, fish, and organisms that live on the ocean bottom. The specific impact of an oil spill on any given species will depend on a variety of factors, including the type and amount of oil that is released, the location of the spill, and the sensitivity of the species to oil exposure.Fish and other organisms that live on the ocean bottom may also be impacted by oil spills, but they are less likely to come into direct contact with the oil and may be less sensitive to oil exposure. However, the impacts of an oil spill on these species can still be significant, as the oil can disrupt their habitats, contaminate their food sources, and impact their reproductive and survival rates.Overall, the impacts of an oil spill on any given species will depend on a variety of factors and can vary significantly depending on the circumstances of the spill.alculate E∘cell for the balanced redox reaction.
PbO2(s)+4H+(aq)+Sn(s)→Pb2+(aq)+2H2O(l)+Sn2+(aq)
Thus, E°(cell) for the balanced redox reaction is: 1.60 V
What is redox reaction?Any chemical process in which one or more of the involved chemical species' oxidation numbers change is known as an oxidation-reduction reaction, often known as a redox reaction. The phrase refers to a vast and diversified set of processes.
Redox reactions are those that include both oxidation and reduction. Redox reactions, like displacement reactions, occur when one species loses electrons while the other gains them (gaining electrons).
The redox reaction becomes:
PbO₂(s)+4H⁺(aq)+Sn(s) → Pb²⁺(aq)+2H₂O(l)+Sn²⁺(aq)
Thus, reduction potential values for these two half-cell reaction:
PbO₂(s)+4H⁺(aq)+ 2e⁻ → Pb²⁺(aq)+2H₂O(l), E⁰ = 1.46 V
Sn²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → Sn(s), E⁰ = -0.14 V
EMF = E(cathode) - E(anode)
or, EMF = 1.46 V - (-0.14 V)
or, EMF = 1.60 V.
Thus, E°(cell) for the balanced redox reaction is: 1.60 V
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rank these liquids by their expected surface tension.
Surface tension is listed from greatest to least. Whenever a liquid comes into touch with a gas, a thin elastic sheet called surface tension forms on the liquid's surface.
When the liquid surface comes into contact with the gas, this phrase is often employed (such as the air). Interface tension is a term used to describe the force at the surface between two liquids, such as water and oil.The liquid's particles are drawn together by several intermolecular forces, including Van der Waals forces. According to the illustration on the right, particles are drawn toward the liquid's interior along the surface.
The ratio of the surface force F to the length d along which the force acts is surface tension, indicated by the Greek variable gamma: gamma = F / d
An example of surface tension is water droplets. When utilizing a water dropper, the water pours out in a series of droplets rather than a continuous stream. The water's surface tension is what determines how the drops are shaped. The pull of gravity on the water drop is the only factor keeping it from being perfectly spherical. The drop would have a perfectly spherical shape in the absence of gravity because it would reduce its surface area to reduce stress.
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Q.Rank these liquids by their expected surface tension.
1.CH3CH2OCH3
2.CH3CHOHCH2-OH
3. CH3CHOHCH2-OH
4.OH-CH2CHOHCH2-OH
aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) has a pka of 3.5, a) calculate the ratio of ionized/un-ionized forms of the drug (i.e. [a-]/[ha]) in the stomach where ph is 1. calculate the ratio of ionized/un-ionized forms (i.e. [a-]/[ha]) in the intestine where ph is 6.
Each dissociation has a unique Ka and pKa value. When the moles of base added equals half the total moles of base are in equal amounts.
The ratio of CB / WA = 1 and according to the HH equation, pH = pKa + log(1) or pH = pKa.
What is mole?
Amount of matter is a measure of how many basic units of a particular matter are contained in an object or sample is called a mole.
Therefore, Each dissociation has a unique Ka and pKa value. When the moles of base added equals half the total moles of base are in equal amounts. Amount of matter is a measure of how many basic units of a particular matter are contained in an object or sample is called a mole.
The ratio of CB / WA = 1 and according to the HH equation, pH = pKa + log(1) or pH = pKa.
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7. During titration, a stopcock is used to O clamp and secure the titrator O measure exactly 5 mL of titrant O release one drop at a time from the titrator O add NaOH to the titrator 8. The volume of titrant used during a titration will always be the exact same throughout three trials. O True O False 9. The concentration of acetic acid in vinegar is represented by the units O mL/mol O mol/L O mL O mol
The answers include the following;
During titration, a stopcock is used to release one drop at a time from the titrator.The volume of titrant used during a titration will always be the exact same throughout three trials is referred to as a false statement.The concentration of acetic acid in vinegar is represented by the units is mL.What is Titration?This is referred to as a technique done in the laboratory where a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution.
It involves the use of a burette, pipette etc in whic the stopcock is used to release one drop at a time from the titrator for an accurate result.
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Compared to saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids have O lower melting points. Ohigher melting points. O greater intermolecular attraction. O shorter carbon chains. O longer carbon chains.
If we compare the melting points of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, the saturated acids have higher melting points than unsaturated acids of corresponding size.
Lower the unsaturation, more will be the hydrogen atoms that fatty acid has. Hence, more saturated it is, So higher is the melting temperature of the fatty acid.
Whereas in Unsaturated fatty acids, most of the times the geometry of the double bond is a cis configuration in natural fatty acids.
So, the intermolecular interactions are much weaker than the saturated molecules.
Hence, the melting points are much lower in case of unsaturated fatty acids.
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