Endosymbiont theory is well-accepted for one evolutionary process but controversial for explaining another. The two processes are horizontal gene transfer via gene fusion and eukaryotic nucleus development.
What is endosymbiont theory?Endosymbiotic theory, or serial endosymbiotic theory, is the leading evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms.
Moreover, the endosymbiotic theory states that some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the same size as prokaryotic cells and divide by binary fission. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA which is circular, not linear.
Hence, the Endosymbiotic Theory states that the mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells were once aerobic bacteria (prokaryote) that were ingested by a large anaerobic bacteria (prokaryote).
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When a person in the hospital is given fluid intravenously (an I.V), the fluid is typically saline (salt) solution with about the same water concentration as human body tissue. Explain how the use of distilled water in place of this saline solution would be expected to upset the patient's homeostasis. Your answer should be in the process of diffusion.
The process of osmosis would cause water to move into the cells causing them to swell and possibly burst.
If a person is receiving fluids intravenously saline may be used. Giving large amounts of pure water directly into a vein can cause blood cells to become hypotensive and potentially fatal. Cells can contain many solutes and are therefore considered hypertonic compared to distilled water which is hypotonic.
In this case, when the cell is placed in distilled water the water moves from the outside of the cell causing the cell to swell. Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Water enters and exits cells by osmosis.
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The organelle that reads the mrna and assembles amino acids to make proteins is the.
Answer:
a ribosome
Explanation:
The mRNA interacts with a specialized complex called a ribosome, which "reads" the sequence of mRNA nucleotides. Each sequence of three nucleotides, called a codon, usually codes for one particular amino acid. (Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.)
one environmental problem caused by the use of nuclear power as an energy source is the
Answer: The answer is radioactive waste
Explanation: When the major environmental concern related to nuclear power is the creation of radioactive wastes such as uranium mill tailings, spent (used) reactor fuel, and other radioactive wastes. These materials can remain radioactive and dangerous to human health for thousands of years. It uses a lot of radioactivity in atmosphere it can get to the green house.
Are your conclusions in the previous 3 questions consistent with the statement that ""larger ions have a lower conductivity because they move more slowly"". Give your reasoning.
Yes, it is true that larger ions have lower conductivity.
Conductivity is referred to the movements of ions from one place to another. It involves the movement through crystal lattice of a solid or aqueous solution.
The smaller the ionic radius of the ion is, the lower the conductivity will be. If they are elements from the same group, they will have the same charge, but different charge densities based on their size.
The smaller ion will have a higher charge density and attract more polar water molecules if it’s in an electrolyte solution. Therefore, it becomes heavier and weaker at conducting because the ions can’t move as fast as an ion without as many water molecules attached
Thus, larger ions have lower conductivity compared to smaller ions.
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pls help me do this asap
In botany, stoma, also called stomata, are pores in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs that control gas exchange. Pores are surrounded by a pair of specialized parenchymal cells known as guard cells that regulate the size of the stomatal opening. Guard cells are hydraulic valves that allow the opening and closing of the stomata. Several environmental factors affect stomata, including hormones, light quality and intensity, humidity, atmospheric CO₂ concentration, and biotic and abiotic stress.
When the salinity increases, stomatal guard cells lose water and shrink, creating conditions for stomata to close.
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The tendency of sensory receptor cells to become less responsive to a stimulus that is unchanging is called.
The tendency of sensory receptor cells to become less responsive to a stimulus that is unchanging is called sensory adaptation.
In the field of biology, sensory adaptation can be described as the process by which the sensory receptor cells produce a lesser response towards a stimulus. Sensory adaptation happens because the sensory cells are continuously exposed to the stimulus again and again.
For example, if you are continuously exposed to a cold temperature, your sensory cells will get adapted to the temperature and will not feel as cold as they did in the starting. In this way, the sensory cells produce a diminished response toward a sensory adaptation.
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A mutation that knocked out the proofreading function of dna polymerase would result in __________.
A mutation that knocked out the proofreading function of dna polymerase would result in become permanently inactive.
How can mutations originate from DNA polymerase?Despite the very high fidelity with which most DNA replicates, errors can occur from time to time when polymerase enzymes insert the incorrect nucleotide or too many or too few nucleotides into a sequence.
A mutation is the result of that slight deviation from the original DNA sequence. Additionally, exposure to certain chemicals or radiation might result in mutations. The DNA is damaged by these substances. This is not inherently abnormal because DNA deteriorates even in the most remote and pristine locations.
The majority of the replicative polymerases' proofreading activity is in charge of removing incorrectly incorporated nucleotides from the primer terminus prior to further primer extension.
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What is the relationship between expected population growth over the next two decades and climate change?.
The relationship between expected population growth over the next two decades and climate change is that the vast majority of people (75%) are going to be born in regions hardest hit by climate change.
No simple relation exists among population size and environmental change. However, as international populace maintains to grow, limits on such international assets as arable land, potable water, forests, and fisheries have come into sharper focus.
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what is the function of the cartilaginous rings in the trachea they maintain an open passageway for
A typical trachea (windpipe) includes several cartilage rings (a strong and flexible tissue). These C-shaped rings support the trachea while allowing it to bend and move during your child's breathing.
Why are the trachea's cartilage rings not closed?To safeguard and keep the airway open, C-shaped cartilaginous rings are reinforced on the trachea's anterior and lateral sides. (The incomplete cartilaginous rings allow the trachea to slightly collapse, allowing food to travel down the oesophagus.)
to allow the oesophagus to expand when food passes through it on its journey to the stomach and prevent the trachea from closing and restricting the airway.
The trachea is located behind the oesophagus. The trachea might collapse thanks to the C-shaped cartilaginous rings.
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how did the frequency of stimulation affect the amount of force generated by the isolated skeletal muscle when the frequency of stimulation was increased such that the muscle twitches did not fully relax between subsequent stimuli? are these results called treppe or wave summation? how well did the results compare with your prediction?
The amount of total force generated by isolated skeletal muscles increased as the stimulation frequency increased without muscle relaxation. This is called the wave summation.
Skeletal muscles are the voluntary muscles that perform movement according to the will of the organism. Body's 30-40% mass is composed of skeletal muscles. These muscles attach to the bones to mediate the body movements.
Stimulation frequency is described as the rate of how many times and how fast the stimulus is applied to the muscle. If the stimulation frequency is high, it is called wave summation and the tension in muscles increases due to this.
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•.. Your ASSIGNMENT
Birds cause a lot of damage to airplanes every year. To study this problem, the U.S.
Air Force invented a chicken cannon. Air Force scientists use the cannon to shoot
chicken bodies at airplanes in controlled tests. Then they analyze the damage the
chicken bodies caused.
Evaluate this model. In what way do you think it is helpful? What are some of its
limitations?
The chicken gun is a large-diameter, compressed air gun used to firebird at aircraft components in order to stimulate high-speed bird strikes.
What is the work of chicken canon?It is a flight impact stimulator that has been used to test glass canopies and is used to kill birds which causes the most dangerous threat to the military.
The chicken gun had a cubic-foot chamber at one end that is filled with pressurized air. It was loaded into a wooden sabot, and then loaded into the barrel. Diaphragm separates the barrel from air chamber. At the time of launch the diaphragm was ruptured, letting air enter the barrel and push the sabot down.
Limitations of introducing chicken canon include:
Availability of airplanes that are not in use. Risk of wet litterRisk of dirty feathersDanger of mould and other contaminationThis is a controlled model in which no birds and commercial airplanes.
Most accidents occur when a bird collides with the wind screen into the engine of the jet aircraft. A bird injected by a jet engine can break the engine's compressor blades, potentially causing catastrotrophic damage.
Hence chicken canon was invented to control damage caused by chicken bodies at airplanes.
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2. Besides invasive species harming our environment, they also harm our because governments often spend lots of money trying to control the invasive species. a. Economy b. Government c. Families d. Health
Answer: economy
Explanation:The economic and social impacts of invasive species include both direct effects of a species on property values, agricultural productivity, public utility operations, native fisheries, tourism, and outdoor recreation, as well as costs associated with invasive species control efforts.
After a Gram stain you will most likely view the cells using the ___________.
a. 100x objective
b. 40x objective
c. 10x objective
d. 20x objective
After a Gram stain you will most likely view the cells using the 100x objective and is denoted as option A.
What is a Microscope?This is referred to as a device which is used in the laboratory for the enlargement of objects and to see small organisms which can't be seen with the eyes. It comprises of different parts such as the adjustment knobs to achieve its given purpose.
The gram stain involves the use of the 100x objective on the microscope so as to enable a clear imaging of material on the slide to be obtained and it usually involves oil immersion during the process.
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All plant life cycles consist of an alternation of generations. What is the haploid stage of a plant life cycle called?.
The haploid stage of a plant life cycle is called the gametophyte stage. This stage is characterized by the production of gametes, which are haploid cells that fuse together to form diploid zygotes.
The zygotes then grow and develop into mature plants. The gametophyte stage is followed by the sporophyte stage, during which the plant produces spores. The spores germinate and grow into new gametophytes, which begin the cycle anew.
A gametophyte produces gametes by mitosis. In flowering plants, the gametophyte consists of a pollen grain or microgametophyte and the ovule or megagametophyte. The gametophytes of ferns, mosses, and most lycophytes are free-living and resemble the sporophyte.
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a noninvasive diagnostic technique that uses a modified endoscope, called a hysteroscopy, to evaluate the uterine cavity is called a laparoscopy. true or false
It is false that a noninvasive diagnostic technique that uses a modified endoscope, called a hysteroscopy, to evaluate the uterine cavity is called a laparoscopy.
What is uterine cavity?
The uterine cavity, or internal uterine space, is important for sexual function, sperm fertilization of the egg, and baby development throughout pregnancy.
Ectopic abdominal pregnancy in the broad ligament is a rare occurrence with a substantial risk of maternal death. Although an ultrasound check may aid in an early diagnosis, most diagnoses are made following surgery.
Therefore, It is false that a noninvasive diagnostic technique that uses a modified endoscope, called a hysteroscopy, to evaluate the uterine cavity is called a laparoscopy.
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Essay over the Zika viruses.
At least two paragraphs.
Zika infection during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects and is associated with other pregnancy problems.
The most common symptoms of Zika include fever rash headache joint pain redness and muscle aches. Zika is transmitted primarily through the bite of an infected mosquito. Prevent Zika by avoiding mosquito bites. Zika can cause birth defects and is associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Zika virus infection during pregnancy can result in babies born with microcephaly.
Zika virus infection is also associated with other pregnancy complications, such as premature birth and miscarriage. Zika virus is transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito. These are the same mosquitoes that transmit dengue and chikungunya. Shortly after its discovery, ZIKV was isolated from Aedes aegypti in Zika forests. Further research found that both Aedes aegypti and Aedes aegypti were vectors for her ZIKV and passed the virus between monkeys and mice.
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which are components of the lymphatic system? a: thyroid gland b: spleen c: red bone marrow d: thymus gland e: lymph nodes f: tonsils
The lymphatic system is composed of both primary and secondary lymphoid organs.
What is the lymphatic system?
In vertebrates, the lymphatic system, also known as the lymphoid system, is an organ system that is a part of the immune system and works in conjunction with the circulatory system. Lymphatic tissues, lymph nodes, lymphatic or lymphoid organs, and a vast network of lymphatic veins make up this structure.
Red bone marrow and thymus are primary lymphoid organs where T and B lymphocytes are synthesized and get mature.
Thyroid spleen lymph nodes and tonsils are secondary lymphoid organs where T and B lymphocytes have a direct encounter with antigens.
Hence, all these are components of the lymphatic system.
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Which stage of stress response involves the body preparing to respond to a stressor?.
The alarm reaction stage of the GAS gets someone ready to react to the stressor they are going through. It's common to refer to this as a "fight or flight" reaction.
When does the body respond to stress?Stress has three phases: the warning phase, the resistance phase, and the weariness phase. Your body's defenses begin to build during the alarm stage, when your central nervous system is awakened. A fight-or-flight reaction is produced at this SOS stage.
What is a physiologic reaction?The body automatically reacts to a stimuli in a physiological response. The majority of us are aware of the automatic and instinctive physiological reactions we go through every day, although we frequently are not aware of them.
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Order the levels of DNA structure from simplest to most complex.
Genome
Nucleotide
Double Helix
Single Strand
Chromosome
A single, extraordinarily long DNA molecule that has a linear array of several genes makes up a chromosome.
Explain about the DNA structure?The structure of DNA is a double helix, which is made up of two connected strands that loop around one another to resemble a twisted ladder. Deoxyribose and phosphate groups alternately form the backbone of each strand. One of the four bases—adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or thymine—is joined to each sugar (T).
It has the knowledge necessary to produce proteins, another type of large molecule. These instructions are spread out among 46 big, drawn-out things inside each of your cells that are called chromosomes. These chromosomes are composed of several smaller pieces of DNA, called genes.
Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and consist of a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar).
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Inherited traits that can change without affecting the sequence of dna are examples of what?.
Epigenetics is Inherited traits that can change without affecting the sequence of DNA.
Epigenetics is the study of how a persons behaviors and the environment in which he lives can cause changes that affect the working of genes .
Epigenetic do not change your DNA sequence, but they can change how your body reads a DNA sequence. Environmental and lifestyle conditions may influence epigenetic occurrence, such as methylation of DNA, histone acetylation and microRNA expression. Hence, epigenetics mainly focuses on how DNA is regulated to achieve the changes depending on environmental and lifestyle changes .
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6. On March 21, two observers, one at 45 degrees north latitude
and the other at 45 degree south latitude, watch the "rising" Sun. Which of the following is an
accurate statement?
A) Both observers must look eastward.
B) Observer at 45N looks west, 455 looks east.
C) Both observers must look westward.
D) Observer at 455 looks east, 45N looks west
On March 21, two observers, one at 45 degrees north latitude and the other at 45 degrees south latitude, watching the "rising" Sun must both look eastward to see the rising sun.
The correct option is A: Both observers must look eastward.
What is the position of the rising Sun on March 21?March 21 is the corresponding date for the March equinox.
An equinox is a time when the sun crosses the celestial equator going from south to north.
The arrival of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere corresponds with the March equinox. This occurs on March 21 when on this day, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
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In green plants, what is the sequence of photosystems, and what does each photosystem produce?.
The sequence of photosystems is Photosystem II followed by Photosystem I. Where PS II produced ATP and PS I produced NADPH.
Protein complexes involved in photosynthesis have structural and functional components called photosystems. Together, they perform the basic photochemistry of photosynthesis, which entails the transfer of energy and electrons as well as the absorption of light.
Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria all have thylakoid membranes that contain photosystems. These membranes are found in the cytoplasmic membrane of photosynthetic bacteria as well as the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and other vascular organisms. The PSI and PSII subtypes of photosystems exist.
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What best explains the processes of passive and active transport?
passive is like cars and streets
Passive transport is the net movement of substances down a concentration gradient that does not require metabolic energy. Active transport is the movement of substances up a concentration gradient that requires energy.
what process occurs in structure h? what process occurs in structure h? cellular respiration photosynthesis intracellular digestion ribosome synthesis protein synthesis
Structure H shows a green plant and the process occurring in the structure is Photosynthesis; option B.
What is photosynthesisPhotosynthesis is the process that occurs in autotrophic green plants whereby they produce sugars from the simple inorganic compounds, carbon dioxide, and water using the energy of sunlight.
Photosynthesis occurs in a special organelle called chloroplasts found in green plants.
The process of photosynthesis occurs in two stages;
The light stage - this stage uses the energy of sunlight to split water as well as make ATP.The dark stage - this stage does not require sunlight and is responsible for producing sugars from carbon dioxide and the five-carbon compound rubisco.Photosynthesis is one of the processes in the carbon cycle. it helps to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
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i need to this answer FAST ASAP
The cytoplasm contains the nucleolus, nucleus, ribosome, vesicle, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, mitochondria, vacuole, cytosol, lysosome, centriole, and rough endoplasmic reticulum, among other important organelles and cellular elements.
What are animal cell organalle?An organelle is a membrane-enclosed structure that serves a specialized function within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell. Numerous essential cellular processes include organelles. The nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, and vacuoles are among the organelles found in animal cells.The nucleolus, nucleus, ribosome, vesicle, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, mitochondria, vacuole, cytosol, lysosome, centriole, and rough endoplasmic reticulum are all present in the cytoplasm.The nucleus, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton, lysosomes, ribosomes, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, centrosome, and endoplasmic reticulum are just a few examples of the cytoplasmic components that are enclosed by a cell's plasma membrane. Organelles, cytoplasmic elements, the cytosol, and the cell membrane make up the normal structure of an animal cell.To learn more about animal cell refer to:
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What happened when the ball was pulled toward the center of gravity?
How much of each global warming gas is currently in the atmosphere?
Answer: By volume the dry air in earth's atmosphere is about 78.09 percent nitrogen , 20.95 percent oxygen, and 0.93 percent argon. A brew of trace gases accounts for the other 0.03 percent, including the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone.
Explanation:
how many atp equivalents are produced from the total oixdation of one pyruvate molecule to 3 co2 mol
This procedure completely converts one molecule of the three-carbon organic acid pyruvate into three molecules of CO2.
Four molecules of NADH, one of FADH2, and one of GTP (or ATP) are created during this process.
How does ATP produce energy?
By transferring a phosphate group to another molecule, ATP can power various cellular functions. By connecting the release of energy from ATP to cellular processes that need energy, special enzymes carry out this transfer.
Therefore, Cellular energy is produced and stored by the enzyme adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
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The region of the diencephalon that forms the floor of the third ventricle and extends anteriorly to the optic chiasm is the.
The place of the diencephalon that bureaucracy the ground of the 1/3 ventricle and extends anteriorly to the optic chiasm is the hypothalamus.
The thalamus, a skinny vertical area full of CSF referred to as the third ventricle is located midline among the 2 halves of the hypothalamus thalamus. The hypothalamus extends anteriorly to the optic chiasm and posteriorly to consist of the mammillary our bodies at the ventral floor of the brain. The hypothalamus and thalamus are placed on the edges of the 1/3 ventricle. Abnormalities of the 1/3 ventricle are related to numerous situations together with hydrocephalus, meningitis, and ventriculitis.
Hydrocephalus is an immoderate buildup of fluid at the brain. The anterior wall of the 1/3 ventricle is shaped from advanced to inferior through the columns of the fornix, the anterior commissure, and the lamina terminalis 4. Posteriorly, it's far bounded from advanced to inferior through the habenular commissure, the pineal gland, and the posterior commissure.
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While horizontal analysis examines one item over many time periods, vertical analysis examines many items in the same interval of time.
True , horizontal analysis examines one item over many time periods, vertical analysis examines many items in the same interval of time.
Horizontal analysis denotes the advancement over period of time , while vertical analysis represents amounts as percentages from the base figure.
Horizontal analysis represents the many analysis over a period of time on the other hand vertical analysis represent one reporting at a time . Also horizontal line goes side by side and have 0 slope , while vertical lines goes up and down and have undefined slope .
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