OPTIONS:
A) biogeographic isolation affects the random changes that take place within gene pools
B) biogeographic isolation affects the changes in gene pools that result from which organisms are breeding
C) biogeographic isolation determines who will win competition for mates
D) biogeographic isolation determines the time that populations will breed
Answer:
A) biogeographic isolation affects the random changes that take place within gene pools
Explanation:
Organisms can become splitted and isolated from each other by biogeographical factors, thereby preventing the isolated population of species from interbreeding with each other. When this occurs, the isolated population, over time, evolve separately and later become distinct from each other leading to a change in the original gene pool.
Biogeographical factors uch as habitat isolation can cause a change in the original gene of a species population which have now become isolated geographically, and thus, evolve separately.
In this lecture you learned that due to ___________descent, organisms share many of the same genes and proteins. However, distantly related organisms have _______ DNA differences than closely related organisms.
Answer:
evolutionary
more
Explanation:
In this lecture you learned that due to evolutionary descent, organisms share many of the same genes and proteins. However, distantly related organisms have more DNA differences than closely related organisms.
Organic evolution general refers to the descents, with modification, of organisms from common ancestors. Hence, organisms that share the same ancestors share several similar genes and proteins due to their common lineage. The closer the organisms, the more similar their genes and proteins, and the distant the organisms, the more dissimilar their genes.
Which would be a result of a malfunctioning excretory system?
paralysis
memory loss
toxic buildup
difficulty breathing
Answer:
toxic buildup.
Explanation:
The excretory system has to do with excreting perilous, harmful materials from the body. If it malfunctions, these materials stay in the body. Therefore, the result of a malfunctioning excretory system would be toxic buildup.
The results of gel electrophoresis are shown below. What can you determine
about the DNA from looking at the results of this test?
electrode
A. Strand 1 is the smallest.
B. Strand 2 is larger than strand 3
C. Strand 3 is larger than strand 4.
D. Strand 4 is the smallest
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Gel electrophoresis is an amazing technique that allows for DNA separation based on size (as in, length). Using electricity (and keeping in mind that DNA has a negative charge because of the phosphate groups), the shortest pieces will migrate the farthest.
So we can tell that the pieces are in ascending order of size. 4>3>2>1, in length.
A. Strand 1 is the smallest.
Answer:Given results of gel electrophoresis shows that strand 1 is smallest. The pieces are arranged in ascending order of size 4>3>2>1 . Thus,option A is correct.
Explanation:
What is Gel electrophoresis?
Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate mixture of DNA ,RNA or protein according to their molecular size.
The gel used in this technique is composed of polyacrylamide or agarose.
The main application of gel electrophoresis has been in the seperation of molecules and in restriction mapping.
The main advantage of gel electrophoresis is its capability to
simultaneously separate various samples in one round.
Therefore, strand 1 is the smallest according to the result of gel electrophoresis shown in figure. Thus, option A is correct.
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In a particular species of tomato plant, the plants can bear fruits of different colors. Suppose a researcher crosses a homozygous plant that bears white fruit with a different stock of homozygous plant that also bears white fruit. In the F1 generation, all of the fruits are red. Two F1 plants are then crossed and the F2 progeny are examined. The F2 generation contains 219 plants with red fruit and 173 with white fruit.
Required:
a. What are the genotypes of the F2 progeny?
b. What type of epistasis, if any, is present?
1. dominant epistasis
2. duplicate recessive epistasis
3. duplicate dominant epistasis
4. no epistasis
5. recessive epistasis
Answer:
The genotypes of the F2 progeny are 9/16 A-B-, 3/16 A-bb, 3/16 aaB- and 1/16 aabb.The occurring interaction is duplicate recessive epistasis.Explanation:
Gene interactions happen between genes at different levels and have implications in the phenotypic expression, causing a wide genetic variability.
Epistasis means "interruption" and refers to interactions between genes located in different loci in the same chromosome. An “epistatic gene” can alter, influence, or suppress the expression of a "hypostatic gene". When the epistatic gene is recessive, the interaction is known as "recessive epistasis". In duplicate recessive epistasis, two genes are involved in the same metabolic path. Two recessive alleles in any of the two loci can suppress or inhibit the phenotype, in this example, tomato color.
Tomatoes that express the absence of color in the fruit have the following genotypes: aa B_, A_bb y aabb. Tomatoes with these genotypes are white, while tomatoes with A_B_ genotypes are red.
Cross 1:
Parental) aaBB x AAbb
Gametes) aB aB Ab Ab
Punnet Square) aB aB
Ab AaBb AaBb
Ab AaBb AaBb
F1) 100% AaBb, red tomatoes
Cross 2:
Parental) AaBb x AaBb
Gametes) AB Ab aB ab
AB Ab aB ab
Punnet Square) AB Ab aB ab
AB AABB AABb AaBB AaBb
Ab AABb AAbb AaBb Aabb
aB AaBB Aabb aaBB aaBb
ab AaBb Aabb aaBb aabb
F2) 9/16 A-B-
3/16 A-bb
3/16 aaB-
1/16 aabb
Genotypes A-bb, aaB- and aabb express white or absence of color.
Genotypes A-B- express red color.
We know that in the F2 generation there are 219 plants with red fruit and 173 with white fruit.
The total number of plants is 392 (219 + 173), which is 100% of the F2 generation. So:
392 plants ----------- 100% F2 ---- 16
219 red plants--------56% F2------- 9
173 white plants------44% F2 ------ 7
There is a proportion of 9:7 because of the interaction between the two genes.
Please help me!!!!!!!!!!
Answer:
A. making new molecules for growth
Explanation:
The maximum water vapor that air can hold at 30°C is about 30 grams/cubic meter. If the humidity of the air is currently 6 grams/cubic meter at
the same temperature, the relative humidity is %.
Answer:
20%
Explanation:
6 ÷ 30 × 100
1÷5 × 100
20%
2. Which of the following is not a trace element in
the human body?
a. iodine
b. zinc
c. iron
d. calcium
Look at the structure in the picture below What function does the structure have?
Answer:
The structure in the picture shows arms of an octopus.
An octopus has six or eight arms and perform several functions such as:
Octopus arms are helpful for walking in the ocean or water surface.Each arm has suc.kers that help to trap prey and defending them from attackers.Suc.kers on each ars help it to taste the food and even crack the hard shells of creatures in water.
Answer:
to move around
Explanation:
What is function of
Bile
Answer:
bile from liver helps in the digestion of lipids through emulsification i.e. by keeping the lipids droplets separate from one another.
bile has no enzymes but contains but contains bile salts for the emulsification of lipids. It helps the lipid-digesting enzymes to attack on lipids
What phase does homologous chromosomes are separated
Answer:
Anaphase 1
Explanation:
Why is ATP used as an active energy source over glucose?
The Gram stain technique is valuable in distinguishing Bacteria from viruses whether or not a bacterium has pili. The flagella of a motile cell different types of bacteria based on cell envelope structure.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Gram stain technique is a method use to classify bacteria into large groups base on their different cell wall components. It differentiate gram positive and gram negative by coloring them with red or Violet colors.
Gram stain is use for identification and classification of bacteria.
Gram positive stain violet due to presence of thick layers of peptidoglylcan in their cell walls and gram negative stain red due to thin layers of peptidoglylcan in their cell walls.
Mutations can occur in different cell types, what are these two types called?
Answer:
Germ cell
Somatic cell
Explanation:
If a gene is altered in a germ cell, the mutation is termed a germinal mutation.
If a gene is altered in a somatic cell, the mutation is termed a somatic mutation.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Question 15
If a parent cell has 46 chromosomes, how many
chromosomes will be present in each daughter cell after
mitosis?
А
12.
B
23
46
D
9
2
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Its 23 in mitosis cell division
RNA and dna are both what?
A. Made up of nucleotides and carry molecules from on end of a cell to another.
B. Monomers of protein molecules that provide structure to a cells nuclear membrane.
C. Protein molecules that carry the unique genetic information of an organism.
D. Molecules that contain genetic information and are made up of nucleotides.
Answer:
I think it is a
Explanation:
Why would a drop in blood pH have an undesirable effect on the proximal histidine's function?a. A drop in pH would make deprotonation more likely, and a deprotonated proximal histidine would be able to hydrogen bond to O2 to stabilize its binding to the heme.b. A drop in pH would make protonation more likely, and a protonated proximal histidine would not be able to donate its electron density to the iron atom.c. A drop in pH would make protonation more likely, and a protonated proximal histidine would not be able to hydrogen bond to O2 to stabilize its binding to the heme due to its positive charge.
Answer:
c. A drop in pH would make protonation more likely, and a protonated proximal histidine would not be able to hydrogen bond to O2 to stabilize its binding to the heme due to its positive charge.
Explanation:
Protonation refers to the addition of proton or H+ to the atom or molecule. If the pH of blood drop means acidic so it causes adverse effect on the function of proximal histidine because the proximal histidine gain proton and become cation. Due to this proton, proximal histidine is unable to make hydrogen bond between heme and oxygen and the blood is unable to transport more oxygen with hemoglobin from the lungs.
Different plants need different fertilizers .for example ,roses need a fertilizer with lots of potassium in it.Which fertilizer would you recommend a rose grower to use from above mentioned?
Answer:
A rose grower should use Muriate of potash, Potassium sulfate, Potassium nitrate, Sulfate potash magnesia, Kainite etc.
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the diplococcus Neisseria gonorrhoeae, commonly called gonococcus (GC). This organism developed resistance to penicillin and tetracycline in the 1980s, after which fluoroquinolones were the recommended drugs for treating GC. Subsequent resistance to the fluoroquinolones has led to the current recommended treatment of injected ceftriaxone in combination with oral azithromycin. Although this approach continues to be effective, recent data from the CDC indicates that resistance to azithromycin is emerging.Fluoroquinolones act by inhibiting DNA gyrase, an enzyme involved in DNA replication. Resistance to this antibiotic is most commonly by a. due to a mutation in the gene that encodes RNA polymerase, an example of adaptive resistance. b. a change in the DNA gyrase target, an example of acquired resistance increased efflux of the drug from the target cell, an example of innate resistance. c. a change in the DNA gyrase target, an example of innate resistance. d. enzymatic modification of the ribosomal target, an example of innate resistance.
Answer:
The correct answer is option b, that is, a modification in the target of DNA gyrase, is an illustration of acquired resistance.
Explanation:
The activity of DNA gyrase gets inhibit by fluoroquinolones. The enzyme that combines with the DNA and prevents its supercoiling at the time of replication is termed as DNA gyrase. It is a heterotetramer, which is formed of two subunits of GyrA and two subunits of GyrB. Due to the mutation in gene gyrA, the development of resistance takes place in N. gonorrhea against fluoroquinolones.
Post mutation, gyrA exhibits lesser binding capacity with the fluoroquinolones, and thus, the development of resistance takes place within the bacteria against the fluoroquinolones. The phenomenon of the development of resistance taking place in any microbe against the specific antimicrobial agent for whom it was vulnerable before is termed as acquired resistance, thus, the given case is an illustration of acquired resistance.
These five concepts provide a modem interpretation of Mendelian postulates.
- Inheritance is governed by information stored in discrete factors called genes.
- Genes are transmitted from generation to generation on vehicles called chromosomes.
- Chromosomes, which exist in pairs in diploid organisms, provide the basis of biparental inheritance.
- During gamete formation, chromosomes are distributed according to postulates first described by Gregor Mendel, based on his nineteenth-century research with the garden pea.
- Mendelian postulates prescribe that homologous chromosomes segregate from one another and assort independently with other segregating homologous during gamete formation.
Based on these concepts, choose statements that correlate Mendel's four postulates with what is now known about genes, alleles, and homologous chromosomes.
Select the five correct statements.
a. Some gene pairs on nonhomologous chromosomes can aggregate after separation and mitosis or meiosis would stop.
b. Some genes have dominant and recessive alleles.
c. Unit factors occur in pairs.
d. Some possible gametic combinations are formed with higher probability if dominant alleles take part in meiosis.
e. During mitosis and meiosis, when chromosomes are visible in their characteristic shapes. members of a homologous pair have different sizes and exhibit opposite centromere locations.
f. Different gene pairs on non-homologous chromosomes will separate independently from each other during meiosis.
g. Alleles segregate from each other during gamete formation at anaphase
h. Dominant alleles can become codominant alleles during mitosis.
e. One gene pair separates independently from other gene pairs.
Answer:
b. Some genes have dominant and recessive alleles.
C. Unit factors occur in pairs.
e. During mitosis and meiosis, when chromosomes are visible in their characteristic shapes. members of a homologous pair have different sizes and exhibit opposite centromere locations
f. Different gene pairs on non-homologous chromosomes will separate independently from each other during meiosis.
g. Alleles segregate from each other during gamete formation at anaphase
Explanation:
Mendel's postulates of inheritance are: (1) Principles of Paired Factors (2) Principle of Dominance(3) Law of Segregation or Law of Purity of Gametes (Mendel’s First Law of Inheritance) and (4) Law of Independent Assortment (Mendel’s Second Law of Inheritance).
Each of these laws provide information on how inheritance of traits by offspring from parents occur.
Principle of paired factors:
A character is represented in an organism (diploid) by at least two factors. The two factors lie on the two homologous chromosomes at the same locus or position.
Principle of Dominance:
Dominant characters are those which always appear in every generatio whereas recessive characters may not appear in some generations e.g. F1 generation.
Law of segregation:
During the formation of gametes (egg or pollen), the paired genes separate or segregate randomly so that each gamete receives one or the other with equal likelihood
Law of Independent assortment:
During gamete formation, segregating pairs of unit factors (genes) assort independently of each other.
From the above consideration,
Option A is wrong because it doesn't correlate with the law of Independent assortment
Option B is correct based on the second postulate
Option C is correct based on the first postulate
Option D is wrong based on the law of segregation which assigns equal likely to gene separation
Option E is correct based on recent studies of genes
Option F is correct based on the law of Independent assortment
Option G is correct based on recent studies on genes
Option H is wrong because dominant genes remain dominant. Co-dominance occurs when allelic pairs are neither dominant nor recessive
Option 'e' is wrong because independent assortment occurs between pairs of genes with contrasting character not a gene pair having the same character where only segregation occurs.
--- is the frame work of the
body of an organism.
(a)flesh (b)tongue (C)skeleton
(d)eye
Answer: C :Skeleton
Explanation: The skeleton is the frame work of the body of an organism. Among other functions the skeleton gives the body shape, support, rigidity and protect the body's delicate organs.
What type of molecules are antigens?
While working in a genetics lab over the summer, you isolated a true-breeding strain of wingless Drosophila. After sharing your results with your mentor, you learn that six other true-breeding strains of Drosophila with the same mutant phenotype have been isolated independently in your lab. Your mentor asks you to determine if the mutants belong to the same complementation group. What is true about flies that belong to different complementation groups? What would be the outcome of crossing two strains of wingless flies that belong to different complementation groups?
Answer:
=> There will be mutation of gene in each strain.
=> The offsprings are wild type.
Explanation:
So, we are given the following main or Important information or data which I going to assist us in solving this particular Question or problem:
=> There is an isolated a true-breeding strain of wingless Drosophila.
=> " six other true-breeding strains of Drosophila with the same mutant phenotype have been isolated independently in the lab."
Therefore, the flies that belong to different complementation groups will cause MUTATION TO OCCUR ON THE SAME GENE.
Mutation will occur because here we have dual but different genomes and when you take a look at these genomes they both have a trait of recessiveness and this combination of the genomes will cause the mutation.
Quick note: on the strain, occurence if different mutation might or might not occur.
Why does secondary session occur faster them primary secession
Answer:
During secondary succession, the soil isn't damaged hence there is no need for pioneering species such as lichens to dissolve the damaged soil into organic ones that can sustain more complex plants.
Explanation:
Secondary succession, type of ecological succession (the evolution of a biological community’s ecological structure) in which plants and animals recolonize a habitatafter a major disturbance—such as a devastating flood, wildfire, landslide, lavaflow, or human activity (e.g., farming or road or building construction)—significantly alters an area but has not rendered it completely lifeless. Secondary succession is distinguished from primary succession, in which a biological community develops where no life had existed
Secondary succession, type of ecological succession (the evolution of a biological community’s ecological structure) in which plants and animals recolonize a habitatafter a major disturbance—such as a devastating flood, wildfire, landslide, lavaflow, or human activity (e.g., farming or road or building construction)—significantly alters an area but has not rendered it completely lifeless. Secondary succession is distinguished from primary succession, in which a biological community develops where no life had existed previously.
Secondary succession follows a major disturbance, such as a fire or a flood. The stages of secondary succession are similar to those of primary succession; however, primary succession always begins on a barren surface, whereas secondary succession begins in environments that already possess soil. In addition, through a process called old-field succession, farmland that has been abandoned may undergo secondary succession.
Secondary succession takes place where a disturbance did not eliminate all life and nutrients from the environment. Although fire, flooding, and other disturbances may bring visible ruin to a landscape, drive out many plants and animals, and set back the biological community to an earlier stage, the habitat is not lifeless, because the soil retains nutrients and seeds that were set down before the disturbance occurred. Buried seeds can sprout shortly after the effects of the disturbance pass, and some may have greater success from reduced competition and reduced shading. Some species may be adapted to the frequent passage of a particular disturbance. For example, the jack pine (Pinus banksiana), a tree species common in the northeastern U.S. and Canada, requires heat from a wildfire to open its cones (strobili) before seeds can be spread for new growth.
The number of rhinoceroses has decreased to near extinction. How are rhinoceroses classified under the Endangered Species Act?
Answer:
Rhinos are A endangered
Which bests describes a pilus
Answer:
A tube that extends from a bacterium
Explanation: A tube that extends from a bacterium
Answer:
A tube that extends from a bacterium
Explanation:
Describe the type of attitude that would help of attitude that would help to make a good scientist?
Answer:
My answer to you is that the positive willing to do tests and experiments over and being okay with being wrong if you are.
4. Compare and contrast aerobic cellular respiration and anaerobic cellular respiration: what are the steps of each and how much ATP is made in each step? What energy/electron carriers are made in each step, and how many? What types of organisms are used to make alcohol and yogurt, and what type of respiration is yogurt and alcohol making?
Answer:
Explanation below
Explanation
It should be understood that respiration is the process whereby organisms exchange gases with their environments.
And the two types are aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic respiration is the type of respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen, while the anaerobic respiration is the type of respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen.
The examples of organisms that are used in making alcohol and yoghurt are Sacharomyces cerevisae, which is yeast, and Lactobacilli spp respectively.
There are _______ different amino acids used to make proteins, and different condones code for different amino acids.
Answer: there are only 20 different amino acids but 64 possible codons
Explanation:
A paramount scientific finding by Mark Rosenzweig found that, compared to control rodents, rodents raised in enriched environments had:
a. increased cortical mass, increased numbers of neurons, increased synaptic connections, increased neurotransmitter amounts, and increased myelination.
b. increased cortical mass, increased numbers of neurons but decreased synaptic connections, decreased neurotransmitter amounts, and decreased myelination.
c. decreased cortical mass, decreased numbers of neurons yet increased synaptic connections, increased neurotransmitter amounts, and increased myelination.
d. decreased cortical mass, decreased numbers of neurons, decreased synaptic connections, decreased neurotransmitter amounts, and decreased myelination.
Answer:
The correct option is a. "increased cortical mass, increased numbers of neurons, increased synaptic connections, increased neurotransmitter amounts, and increased myelination. "
Explanation:
Rodents that have been raised in enriched environments were found to have thicker cerebral cortex containing approximately 25% more synapses in a study conducted by Mark Richard Rosenzweig. This increase in synapses implies in an increase in neurons and neurotransmitters, which also indicates an increase in myelination.
Both vegetable oil and butter are made up of fats.
Why is butter a solid at room temperature, while vegetable oil is a liquid?
A)Butter is a saturated fat and vegetable oil is an unsaturated fat.
В)
Butter is a polar molecule and vegetable oil is a nonpolar molecule.
C) Butter is an unsaturated fat and vegetable oil is a saturated fat.
D) Butter is a nonpolar molecule and vegetable oil is a polar molecule.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Butter, as good as it is, is not exactly good for us. Butter is an animal fat, or a saturated fat. This means that at room temperature these fats will remain solid. There is some science behind it and ill say this quickly, it has to do with the carbon atoms being packed with hydrogen atoms. This allows them to intertwine and be solid. The Vegetable Oil being unsaturated, a plant fat, is good for us! These are missing some of the atoms needed to make them stand up straight and be solid. So these are always liquid at room temperature! :)
We have that for the Question "Both vegetable oil and butter are made up of fats. Why is butter a solid at room temperature, while vegetable oil is a liquid?"
Answer:
Option A is the correct answer(Butter is a saturated fat and vegetable oil is an unsaturated fat)
Explanation:
Butter contains more saturated fat., vegetable oil contains more unsaturated fat.
Melting point of Saturated fat less than melting point of Unsaturated fat
Intermolecular interactions in saturated fats greater than Intermolecular interactions in Unsaturated fats
Saturated molecules are so close and forms a solid. UnSaturated molecules are not so close and forms a liquid at room temperature
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