Answer:
see full answer in below
Explanation:
Sponges are sessile, which means they are affixed to a substrate and do not move. By filter-feeding, which entails pulling water into small holes on their surface called ostia and pushing it out through bigger apertures called oscula, they obtain their food. The water is then filtered via a system of tiny chambers and tubes lined with choanocyte cells, which have flagella that beat to produce a current.
Small particles like plankton, bacteria, and dissolved nutrients are caught and absorbed by the choanocytes as the water passes through the sponge, where they are digested. After that, the nutrients are dispersed throughout the sponge through diffusion, which is the transfer of molecules from a high-concentration location to a low-concentration area, and by water circulation inside the sponge.
Through water diffusion and circulation, which transports the broken-down food particles to all areas of the sponge, all of the sponge cells receive their nutrition. The nutrients from the moving water may be immediately absorbed by the cells lining the canals and chambers. However, diffusion is how the cells in the sponge's deeper layers obtain their nourishment. Because of the efficient circulation of water and nutrients throughout the sponge, sponges are frequently found in places with strong water flow.
muscles fibers of the uterus are mostly circular (to aid with contractions at the time of delivery) with bottom portion becoming horizontal. the arrangement of these fibers are important surgically. if the uterus is cut in a vertical fashion (superior to inferior) what is the resulting outcome for the patient
If the uterus is cut in a vertical fashion (superior to inferior), the resulting outcome for the patient would be a complete uterine incision or hysterotomy.
This type of incision is typically used in cesarean delivery (C-section) procedures, and it allows the surgeon to access the uterus and deliver the baby through an incision in the abdomen and uterus. Because the uterus has circular fibers that aid with contractions and the bottom portion becoming horizontal, the incision is typically made through the lower segment of the uterus, which is thinner and less muscular than the upper segment. This allows for a less traumatic incision and reduces the risk of bleeding and injury to the mother and baby. This incision also allows to minimize the risk of damage to the muscles of the uterus, which can affect future pregnancies.
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which monomer is most commonly found covalently linked together in long chains to store carbohydrates for later use?
Plants store carbohydrates in long polysaccharides chains called starch ( different monosaccharides) [glycosidic bond = covalent bond].
Polysaccharides. an extended chain of monosaccharides linked via glycosidic bonds is known as a polysaccharide (poly- = “many”). The chain may be branched or unbranched and can comprise exclusive types of monosaccharides.
Carbohydrates are made from monosaccharides related collectively into polysaccharide chains through a sort of covalent bond called a glycosidic bond. those glycosidic bonds are fashioned in a dehydration synthesis response.
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What are the two types of species diversity?
Species richness and Species evenness are the two types of species diversity. Species richness – Number of different species present in an ecosystem. Species evenness: Relative abundance of individuals of each of those species.
The quantity of distinct species found in an environment, as well as the relative abundance of each species, is known as species diversity. When every species is equally plentiful in a given area, diversity is at its highest. Species diversity is composed of two elements: The diversity of species in an ecosystem is measured by its species richness. The relative abundance of each species' individual members. High evenness refers to a species' relatively constant population size throughout communities, while poor evenness refers to species-to-species variation in population size. There is more particular diversity when evenness is high.
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What could be a result of a drastic increase in global carbon dioxide levels?
Select one:
O a. a bolide
O b. continental drift
O c. mass extinction
O d. an increase in biological diversity
Oe. plate subduction
Answer:
By adding more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, people are supercharging the natural greenhouse effect, causing global temperature to rise.
answer option C
Layer of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle is called: _________
The layer of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle is called epimysium.
The epimysium is the outermost layer of connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle. The connective tissue sheath that covers each fascicle is known as the perimysium, and the innermost sheath surrounding individual muscle fibers is known as the endomysium. Each muscle is surrounded by the layers of connective tissue called the epimysium. The fascia, the outer connective tissue of the epimysium, surrounds and separates the muscles. Fascia is the term for a layer or layers of connective tissue. The deep fascia surrounds the epimysium and surrounds or lines other nearby structures such as blood vessels, nerves, and body walls.
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what evidence supported the hypothesis that differences in the alx1 gene were responsible for beak differences in darwin's finches? please select all that apply
The following data provided support for the idea that variations in the ALX1 gene were in charge of beak variations in Darwin's finches:
The beak-related gene ALX1 was expressed when and where it should have been.The location of ALX1 in the genome was associated with variations in beak forms.Animals lacking the ALX1 gene have aberrant facial features.(options B, C, and D)
The fact that each tiny island appeared to be home to a distinct finch, an ALX1 gene that differs between species with large or small, pointed or dull beaks, fascinated Charles Darwin. But even among some birds of the same species, the gene showed very small differences.
And the genetic research showed that, depending on the precise form of their beaks, they possessed various ALX1 variants. Frontonasal dysplasia, a birth condition that can range in severity from noticeably broad features or a cleft palate to more significant skull and brain deformities, has been related to mutations in the same gene in humans. The researchers propose that the diversity of human face shapes may be caused by more subtle changes in ALX1.
The question is incomplete, it should be:
What evidence supported the hypothesis that differences in the ALX1 gene were responsible for beak differences in Darwin's finches? Please select all that apply. Select one or more:
a. ALX1 was found in all the finch DNA sequences
b. ALX1 was expressed at the expected time and location for a gene involved in beak development.
c. ALX1 lay in a region of the genome that correlated with a difference in beak shapes
d. Mammals with defects in ALX1 have facial abnormalities
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Complete the following sentences describing venous blood flow.toward cardiacclose opendecreases abdominalincreases skeletalaway from thoracic1. As blood moves from arteries to veins, the blood pressure in the vessels _______ To assist in venous blood flow, many larger veins contain valves that allow for one- way blood flow ______ the heart.2. When _______ muscles contract, they massage the veins, pushing the blood _______ the heart When the muscles relax, the blood flows backward causing the valves to ______.3. Respiratory movements can also help with venous blood flow. During inspiration, the pressure in the thoracic cavity in relation to the pressure in the abdominal cavity.4. Therefore, during inspiration, the difference in pressure causes blood to flow from the _______ cavity toward the ________cavity.
Venous blood flow is the transfer of blood from the arteries to the veins, which ultimately returns the blood to the heart.
Venous blood flowAs blood moves from arteries to veins, the blood pressure in the vessels decreases.To assist in venous blood flow, many larger veins contain valves that allow for one- way blood flow toward the heart.When Skeletal muscles contract, they massage the veins,pushing the blood toward the heart When the muscles relax,the blood flows backward causing the valves to close.Respiratory movements can also help with venous blood flow.During inspiration, the pressure in the thoracic cavity in relation to the pressure in the abdominal cavity.Therefore, during inspiration, the difference in pressure causes blood to flow from the abdominal cavity toward the Thoracic cavity. During this process, the blood pressure decreases in the vessels due to the lack of oxygen. To assist in venous blood flow, many of the larger veins contain valves that allow for one-way blood flow towards the heart.This helps prevent the backflow of blood. Additionally, skeletal muscles contract and massage the veins, pushing the blood toward the heart. When the muscles relax, the valves close, preventing backflow. Respiratory movements can also help with venous blood flow.During inspiration, the pressure in the thoracic cavity is greater than that of the abdominal cavity. This causes blood to flow from the abdominal cavity towards the thoracic cavity, thereby increasing venous blood flow.This process is essential as it is the only way for deoxygenated blood to be returned to the heart for reoxygenation. Without it, the body would not be able to function properly, as the organs and cells would not receive the oxygen they need.To learn more about Venous blood flow refer to:
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The vessels' blood pressure drops when blood flows from arteries to veins.
What is venous blood flow?The blood pressure in the vessels lowers when blood flows from arteries to veins.
Many larger veins have valves that provide one-way blood flow toward the heart to aid in venous blood flow.
Contracting skeletal muscles massage veins, which forces blood toward the heart. The valves close as a result of the blood flowing backward as the muscles relax. Venous blood flow can also be aided by respiratory motions.
The ratio of the pressures in the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity during inspiration.
Due to the pressure differential, blood moves from the abdominal cavity to the thoracic cavity during inhalation.
Due to the shortage of oxygen during this process, the blood pressure in the vessels falls. Many of the bigger veins include valves that provide one-way blood flow toward the heart to help with venous blood flow.
By doing this, blood backflow is reduced. In addition, as the skeletal muscles contract, blood is forced toward the heart by a massage of the veins. The valves close when the muscles relax, preventing backflow. Venous blood flow can also be aided by respiratory motions.
Many bigger veins include valves that enable blood to flow in one direction only, towards the heart, to aid in venous blood flow.The blood is pushed toward the heart when skeletal muscles contract by massaging the veins. Blood flows backward as the muscles relax, closing the valves as a result.Venous blood flow can benefit from respiratory motions as well. In comparison to the pressure in the abdominal cavity, the thoracic cavity experiences a reduction in pressure during inhalation.Because of this, blood moves from the thoracic cavity to the abdominal cavity during inhalation due to the difference in pressure.To learn more about Venous blood flow refer to:
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Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of antidiuretic hormone. calcitonin. aldosterone. cortisone. oxytocin.
Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of aldosterone.
What is aldosterone?Aldosterone is the primary mineralocorticoid steroid hormone generated by the adrenal cortex's zona glomerulosa. It is required for salt retention in the kidney, salivary glands, sweat glands, and colon. The effect of aldosterone is to reduce fluid losses in the kidneys due to Na+ retention. The adrenal cortex produces steroid hormones (the outer layer of the adrenal gland). It regulates the water and salt balance in the kidney by keeping sodium in and releasing potassium from the body. Excess aldosterone can result in elevated blood pressure and fluid buildup in bodily tissues.
Here,
The effect of aldosterone is to reduce fluid losses in the kidneys due to Na+ retention.
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receptor a has a circular receptive field with a diameter of 2.5 cm. receptor b has a circular receptive field 7.0 cm in diameter. which receptor provides more precise sensory information?
Receptor A which has a circular receptive field of 2.5 cm in diameter provides more precise sensory information
What is receptor ?The term "receptor" refers to specific cell membrane structures. They are mostly made of proteins that bind to ligands and activate the immune system. The B cells, T cells, stem cells, and monocytes are only a few immune cells that contain these receptors.
The -adrenergic receptor, the muscarinic type of acetylcholine receptor, metabotropic glutamate receptors, receptors for odorants in the olfactory system, and numerous types of receptors for peptide hormones are illustrative examples.
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what type of membrane protein is a channel protein?
A channel protein is a type of integral type of membrane protein.
Integral membrane proteins are a type of protein that are embedded within the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane. They are also known as transmembrane proteins because they span the entire width of the membrane, with one or more segments of the protein extending into the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer and one or more segments extending into the hydrophilic exterior.
Integral membrane proteins play a variety of roles in the cell, including transport of molecules across the membrane, cell-to-cell signaling, and structural support. They can be divided into several categories based on their function and structure, including channel proteins, receptor proteins, and structural proteins.
Channel proteins are a type of integral membrane protein that form a pore through the membrane, allowing ions or small molecules to pass through. These proteins are selective, meaning they can only allow certain types of molecules to pass through.
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Is it possible to calculate the Solute Potential without the temperature/Kelvin? if so how?
Identify the types and numbers of molecules that provide the free energy necessary for the reduction of the PGA molecules.
Answer:
ATP and NADPH
Explanation:
The types of molecules that provide the free energy necessary for the reduction of the PGA molecules are ATP and NADPH. ATP is the energy-carrying molecule that provides energy for a wide range of metabolic processes, while NADPH is a coenzyme responsible for providing electrons to metabolic pathways. The number of ATP molecules required is three, while the number of NADPH molecules needed is two.
Classify a pet dog as an autotroph
or heterotroph and as an herbivore,
carnivore, or omnivore. Explain.
Answer:
A pet dog is undoubtedly an omnivore.
Whenever you are rearing a dog, taming a dog, you will have to provide it with all the necessary food, comprising both of plant and animal proteins, carbohydrates, and other nutrients.
A pet dog is generally provided with a very common food, called pedigree , which is essentially made up of first class proteins from animals , and vitamins and minerals from plants . So, a pet dog can obviously be categorised as an omnivore, unlike the other stray dogs, feeding on meat especially.
in the cell on the left, how many chromosomes are present during prophase?
6 chromosomes are present during prophase in the cell on the left.
During prophase, each cell contains twice as many chromosomes as a parent cell would normally have. Before going through mitosis, a parent cell first copies its DNA.
Human cells, for instance, typically contain 46 chromosomes. There are 92 chromosomes total during replication.
Prophase is the initial stage of mitosis, which divides the duplicated genetic material present in a parent cell's nucleus into two identical daughter cells. The chromatin, or DNA and protein complex, that makes up the nucleus condenses throughout prophase.
The 92 sister chromatids, which are housed within the cell's nuclear envelope, start to disintegrate during prophase.
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presence of a protein capsule and well defined nucleus.
A) Viruses or B) Bacteria.
Viruses have the presence of a protein capsule and a well-defined nucleus, hence option A is correct.
What is the structure of a virus?Virus, capsid which is resistant to antibiotics, and several external factors. It is made up of protein, inside the genetic material of the, it may be DNA or RNA information coded about to express protein capsule.
Bacteria is the prokaryotic class of the organism, it is a unicellular organism not having any protein capsule, prokaryotes means not having true nucleus.
Therefore, the presence of a protein capsule and a well-defined nucleus is the character of the virus.
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theodor w. engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. he added aerobic (oxygen-using) bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria most congregated. he noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light. 2. what did engelmann conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas? 3. a lack of oxygen in chloroplasts would most likely be due to the
Engelmann conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas that there was the greatest oxygen released there, bacteria gathered there.
Engelmann cultivated bacteria that love oxygen on the algae. Bacteria tended to gather around the red and blue light, which suggested that there was greater photosynthetic activity there and that more oxygen was being created there. Engelmann came to the conclusion that red and blue light produce more photosynthetic activity than other visible spectrum colours.
Low oxygen levels decreased leaf respiration losses and the percentage of soluble carbohydrates that were converted to polysaccharides throughout the entire plant. As a result, low oxygen settings reduce the use of assimilates, which may turn cause photosynthesis to be inhibited.
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What gas is required in order for photosynthesis to occur?
Carbon dioxide gas is required in order for photosynthesis to occur.
During photosynthesis, shops take in carbon dioxide( CO2) and water( H2O) from the air and soil. Within the factory cell, the water is oxidized, meaning it loses electrons, while the carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose.
6 motes of carbon dioxide are needed, one for each carbon snippet in glucose. 6 motes of oxygen are produced as a by-product of water oxidation. Sun provides the free energy demanded to make the endergonic pathway do.
As a life force behind photosynthesis, lack of this gas would produce a domino effect on the food chain – no living shops and creatures would mean no living humans. The problem isn't CO2, but the excess of it.
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describe the benefits to both aerobic eukaryotic cells and anaerobic prokaryotic cells that may have allowed for the formation of a mutually beneficial relationship between the two different cell types to occur.
Prokaryotes include a variety of bacteria, which can be divided in archaebacteria and the eubacteria. Archaea, have no nucleus and cell organelle, and were considered as extremophiles living in severe environments.
The eubacteria embrace the general forms of bacteria which is a huge cluster of organisms that exist in an extensive range of environments like water, soil, and other organisms (e.g., human pathogens). The largest and most complex prokaryotes are the cyanobacteria, in which photosynthesis evolved
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles. The nucleus, enclosed by a nuclear membrane, contains genetic material which which is different from prokaryotic cells (Bacteria and Archaea). Eukaryotic cells have a variety of cytoplasmic organelles and cytoskeleton.
In eukaryotes, the genetic information (contained in nucleus) is structured in a linear rather than circular pattern of DNA molecules. Nucleus is the place of DNA replication and synthesis of RNA.
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Which of the following changes following the start codon in the mRNA would most likely have the greatest deleterious effect?A) a deletion of a single nucleotideB) a deletion of a nucleotide tripletC) a single nucleotide substitution of the nucleotide occupying the first codon positionD) a single nucleotide substitution of the nucleotide occupying the third codon position
Answer:
A) a deletion of a single nucleotide would most likely have the greatest deleterious effect.
Explanation:
The genetic code in the mRNA is read in groups of three nucleotides called codons, which correspond to a specific amino acid. A change in any of the nucleotides in a codon can cause a change in the amino acid that it codes for, which can affect the structure and function of the protein that is synthesized. The start codon is the first codon read by the ribosome and initiates translation, so it's essential for the correct initiation of protein synthesis.
A deletion of a single nucleotide would disrupt the reading frame of the mRNA, causing a frameshift mutation, and all the codons downstream of the deletion would be shifted by one nucleotide, leading to a different amino acid sequence than the original one. This would likely have a greater deleterious effect on the protein's structure and function than a single nucleotide substitution.
A deletion of a nucleotide triplet would have similar effect as a deletion of a single nucleotide, since it would also disrupt the reading frame. A single nucleotide substitution at the first codon position would change the amino acid at the start of the protein, but it may not be as disruptive as a frameshift mutation. A single nucleotide substitution at the third codon position may also cause a change in the amino acid, but it is less likely to have a significant effect on the protein's structure and function than a frameshift mutation.
Domestic horses have a greater diversity of coat colors than that of wild horses. The process that led to a greater diversity of coat colors in domestic horses is (1) selective breeding (3) gene alteration (2) random mutation (4) natural selection
Choosing parents with specific traits to breed with one another in order to generate kids with more desired traits is known as selective breeding.
For thousands of years, humans have carefully bred a variety of animals and plants, including crop species that produce more.
There are two types of horses in this situation: domestic horses, which are raised and produced by people, and wild horses, which are found in the wild. Selective breeding, also known as artificial selection, is a method used by humans to create new offspring with suitable and desirable traits, and it can be used to explain why domestic horses have different coat colors. These breeders choose to mate two parents who have advantageous phenotypic features, resulting in offspring with the desired attributes like strength and coat color as described.
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which quality of sputum may occur if bleeding from a cancerous tumor in the lung is present?
hemoptysis quality of sputum may occur if bleeding from a cancerous tumor in the lungs is present
The presence of blood in the sputum (spit or phlegm) coughed up from the lungs is known medically as hemoptysis. Hemoptysis is thought to occur in 7–10% of lung cancer patients when they are first examined by a doctor and in 20% of cases, it persists throughout the course of the illness.The following signs of lung cancer are most typical: a persistent cough that aggravates itself. coughing out blood or sputum that is rust-colored (spit or phlegm)
Which sputum quality, according to the image, might be present if bleeding from a lung cancer tumor is present?
Another sign of metastatic lung cancer, which can cause blood in the cough, which spread another parts of the body.
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Which of these descriptions of the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis explains Mendel's law of independent assortmentThe two alleles for each gene separate as homologous chromosomes move apart during anaphase I.
The male gamete determines sex because each male gamete can contribute either an X or a Y chromosome.
The arrangement of each pair of homologous chromosomes on the metaphase plate during metaphase I is random with respect to the arrangements of other pairs
During metaphase I, the arrangement of the each homologous chromosome pair just on metaphase plate is random in comparison to the layouts of other pairs.
Meiosis is a form of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms and results in a reduction in the number of chromosomes inside gametes (the sex cells, or egg and sperm). Body (or somatic) cells in humans are diploid, with two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent). To sustain this condition, the sperm and egg that combine during fertilisation must be haploid, meaning they have a single chromosome set. During meiosis, every diploid cell divides twice to produce four haploid daughters cells — the gametes.
Alleles segregate, meaning separate, during meiosis, such that each gamete has an equal chance of receiving either of the two alleles existing in the diploid person. Mendel referred to this phenomenon as the law of segregation, which might also be seen in a monohybrid cross.
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a jelly-like substance, composed mainly of water, occupying most of the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
Which part of a eukaryotic cell contains the instructions on how to recombine the molecules in nutrients into new molecules that the cell can use?
The instructions on how to recombine the molecules in nutrients into new molecules that the cell can use are found in the DNA, which is located in the cell's nucleus.
What is DNA?DNA is the genetic material that contains the instructions for the cell's growth, reproduction, and function. These instructions are encoded in the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA. The process of recombining molecules in nutrients into new molecules that the cell can use is called metabolism, and it takes place in the cell's organelles called mitochondria, where the energy is produced. Mitochondria have their own DNA and are considered as semi-autonomous organelles. They use the information of the DNA to perform the specific function of producing energy, and the DNA in the cell's nucleus provides the overall instructions for the cell's metabolism.
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glucose molecules are to starch as ________ are to proteins.
A) oils
B) amino acids
C) fatty acids
D) waxes
E) lards
Glucose molecules are to starch as amino acids are to proteins. The correct answer is B.
Glucose is a simple sugar that is a building block of carbohydrates such as starch. Similarly, amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. While glucose is a monosaccharide, starch is a polymer made up of many glucose molecules linked together.
Similarly, while amino acids are the basic units, proteins are complex molecules made up of chains of amino acids. Therefore, the relationship between glucose and starch is similar to the relationship between amino acids and proteins. The other options, such as oils, fatty acids, waxes, and lards, are not related to glucose or starch in this way.
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Which feature would you expect to find in a population in which sexual
selection depends on male competition?
a. large males
b. large females
c. bright-colored males
d. bright-colored females
subm
Bright-coloured males are the feature which is expected to be seen where sexual selection depends on male competition(a)
What is meant by competition?Competition between living things that coexist in the same environment occurs in nature.
Animals fight for access to food, mates, water, and other biological resources.
In a static, repetitious, or unchanging environment, humans often compete for food and mates, but when these requirements are met, intense rivalries frequently develop over the pursuit of money, power, status, and notoriety.
As corporations compete with at least one other firm for the same group of clients, competition is a key component of market economies and business.
Business competition is frequently related with this concept.
In order to satisfy and achieve higher quality services or enhanced products that the firm may manufacture or develop, competition is typically encouraged within the organization.
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Can someone help me describe
The relationship between organisms and the environment in exchanging carbon
The relationship between organisms and the environment in exchanging carbon is photosynthesis.
What do you mean by photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities.
The Sun! The energy from light causes a chemical reaction that breaks down the molecules of carbon dioxide and water and reorganizes them to make the sugar (glucose) and oxygen gas.
Photosynthesis requires sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water as starting reactants. After the process is complete, photosynthesis releases oxygen and produces carbohydrate molecules, most commonly glucose.
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If nondisjunction, a process in which the homologous chromosomes fail to separate, occurs during meiosis I,
If nondisjunction, a process in which the homologous chromosomes fail to separate, occurs during meiosis I, the offspring will either have one too many or one too few numbers of chromosomes.
Chromosomes are thread- suchlike structures set up within the nexus of both beast and factory cells. Each chromosome is composed of protein as well as a single patch of deoxyribonucleic acid( DNA). DNA, which is passed down from parents to seed, contains the specific instructions that distinguish each living critter. The word chromosome is deduced from the Greek words for color( hue) and body( bodies)( soma). Chromosomes were given this name by scientists because they're cell structures or bodies that are heavily stained by some various colorings used in exploration. The chromosome's unique structure keeps DNA tightly wrapped around spool- suchlike proteins known as histones. DNA motes would be too long to fit inside cells if they weren't packaged in this manner.
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it is possible for two different genes to imply different phylogenetic relationships among a group of species. what are the possible reasons for this? i
Different phylogenetic trees reconstructed from different genes in the same organism can have different branches. The potential causes of such differences have been identified, and they range from methodological issues to genuine biological phenomena.
It's difficult to visualize phylogenetic relationships between species based on numerical values from multiple pairwise comparisons, especially when many different sequences are compared. A phylogenetic tree built on identity values is another way to visualize phylogenetic relationships. Calculations for phylogenetic tree construction can be done in two ways: using a distance matrix or using discrete character data (Table 11.2). Data based on evolutionary distances are set in a distance matrix in the first calculation. Most calculation methods do not assign equal weight to each nucleotide mutation. The DNA structure is crucial in the calculations.
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a researcher is curious if bt resistant bollworms are susceptible to an insecticide called ddt. bollworms susceptible to bt have genotype rr or rr, whereas those resistant to bt have genotype rr. bollworms susceptible to ddt have genotype tt, whereas bollworms resistant to ddt have genotypes tt or tt. in an effort to better understand how these two genes are inherited, the researcher crosses an rr tt bollworm with an rr tt bollworm to produce the f1 generation. then, the researcher crosses the f1 generation to produce an f2 generation. what proportion of the f2 generation is resistant to both bt and ddt? fill in the punnett squares by dragging and dropping alleles to the answer boxes, first to predict the offspring in the f1 generation and then to predict the offspring in the f2 generation. then fill in the blanks using the product rule. (assume that the genes that determine ddt resistance and bt resistance are on different chromosomes.)
The percentage that will be resistant to both Bt and DDT is 3/16, or 18.75%.
Cross: RRtt with rrTT
Gametes: Rt and rT
F1 cross:
rT RrTt (susceptible Bt and resistant DDT )
F1 cross with F1
Gametes: RT, RT, rT and rt
Cross :
RT Rt rT rt
RT RRTT RRRt RrTT RrTt
Rt RRTt RRtt RrTt RrTt
rT RrTT RrTt rrTt rrTt
rt RrTt Rrtt rrTt rrtt
Given are the genotypes for bollworms that are resistant to Bt and susceptible to DDT, respectively. Bollworms that are resistant to DDT are represented by TT or Tt genotype and susceptible to DDT have tt genotype.
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