Financing of new, nonpublic companies is broadly referred to as private financing.
Private financing encompasses various methods of raising capital for companies that are not publicly traded. It involves obtaining funding from private investors, venture capital firms, angel investors, or private equity firms. Unlike public financing, where companies raise funds by issuing stocks or bonds to the general public through the stock market, private financing involves a more limited pool of investors.
Private financing options can include equity investments, where investors provide capital in exchange for an ownership stake in the company, or debt financing, where companies borrow money and repay it with interest over a specified period. Other forms of private financing may involve convertible notes, mezzanine financing, or strategic partnerships with larger companies.
Private financing is often sought by startups or early-stage companies that may not yet meet the requirements for public offerings or prefer to maintain greater control over their operations. It allows these companies to secure the necessary capital to fund their growth, research and development, marketing efforts, and operational expenses.
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G Ltd has both 10% preference and ordinary shares. The company’s
articles of association provide that preference shareholders have
the right to appoint a consultant who can sit in on board meetings
Preference shareholders will receive their dividend payments even if the company does not perform as well as expected.The presence of preference shareholders and their right to appoint a consultant can be a source of conflict between the two classes of shareholders.
A consultant is an individual who is well versed in a specific area or subject and offers expert advice to companies and organizations.The right to appoint a consultant to sit in on board meetings provides a significant advantage to preference shareholders over ordinary shareholders.
They can nominate a consultant who shares their interests, and this consultant can help them steer the company's direction towards a path that benefits them more than the ordinary shareholders.
Preferences shares generally receive fixed dividend payments, which is another advantage that preference shareholders have over ordinary shareholders. Dividends paid to preference shareholders are paid before dividends paid to ordinary shareholders
Thus, it is essential for the company to ensure that the decision-making process remains fair and transparent, taking into account the interests of both the preference and ordinary shareholders.
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Which of the following situations may lead to an asset impairment?
A :A company increases production through a machine that previously had excess capacity.
B :A company decides to repair and use a previously unused piece of equipment.
C :A new technology leads to the availability of a more efficient and cost-effective machine.
D :Fatal flaws in a new technology make new equipment models less desirable.
The most likely situation that may lead to an asset impairment is a new technology leads to the availability of a more efficient and cost-effective machine.
An asset impairment is a loss in the value of an asset. This can happen for a number of reasons, including:
The asset becomes obsolete or technologically outdated.
The asset is damaged or destroyed.
The asset is no longer used or needed by the company.
In the case of option C, a new technology leads to the availability of a more efficient and cost-effective machine. This means that the old machine is no longer as valuable to the company, as it can be replaced with a newer, more efficient machine.
The other options are not as likely to lead to an asset impairment. Option A, a company increases production through a machine that previously had excess capacity, is actually likely to increase the value of the asset. Option B, a company decides to repair and use a previously unused piece of equipment, is also likely to increase the value of the asset. Option D, fatal flaws in a new technology make new equipment models less desirable, is possible, but it is less likely than option C.
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A nominal level of measurement implies order to the data. True False
False. A nominal level of measurement doesn't imply order to the data.
What is nominal level of measurement? Nominal level of measurement is a level of measurement used for categorizing data, where the categories are exclusive and exhaustive but do not have any inherent order. Nominal data is represented as labels, words, or text and is used for variables that have no meaningful order or ranking.
The nominal level of measurement is the lowest level of measurement. Other levels of measurement, such as ordinal, interval, and ratio levels, are higher in hierarchy than nominal.
At the nominal level of measurement, data can only be assigned to a group or category, which is expressed through frequency distribution and percentages.
An example of nominal data is the different departments within a company, including marketing, sales, and accounting. Even if you assign numbers to each department (e.g., 1 for marketing, 2 for sales, 3 for accounting), the numbers do not have any inherent order.
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A building is acquired on January 1 at a cost of $870,000 with an estimated useful life of eight years and salvage value of $78,300 Compute depreciation expense for the first three years using the double-declining-balance method. (Round your answers to the nearest doller.)
Double-declining balance method is an accelerated method of depreciation that recognizes higher amounts of depreciation in the early years and lower amounts of depreciation in the later years of the useful life of the asset. It is a method of depreciation that allows for the recovery of cost at twice the rate of straight-line depreciation.
Depreciation expense for the first three years using the double-declining-balance method for a building that was acquired on January 1 at a cost of $870,000 with an estimated useful life of eight years and salvage value of $78,300 is shown below:
Given that the cost of the building is $870,000 and its salvage value is $78,300, we can calculate its depreciable cost as follows: Depreciable cost = cost - salvage value= $870,000 - $78,300= $791,700For double-declining balance method, the depreciation rate is calculated as follows:
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Suppose the nominal exchange rate between the yen and the U.S. dollar is 195 yen per U.S. dollar, and that the nominal exchange rate between the Canadian dollar and the U.S. dollar is 1.30 Canadian dollars per U.S. dollar. How many yen would it take to buy a Canadian dollar? 253.5 150 2.54 0.0067
Suppose the nominal exchange rate between the yen and the U.S. dollar is 195 yen per U.S. dollar, and that the nominal exchange rate between the Canadian dollar and the U.S. dollar is 1.30 Canadian dollars per U.S. dollar.
We are to find out how many yen would it take to buy a Canadian dollar?
To find out how many yen would it take to buy a Canadian dollar,
we need to consider the rates between each Canadian and the U.S. dollar.
We can use the formula:
X = 1/ (rate of A in USD/rate of B in USD)
Where A and B are two foreign currencies.
In this case, we have two rates:
X = 1/(1.30/1) because Canadian dollar is the numerator
X = 0.7692
Thus, it takes 0.7692 U.S. dollars to buy one Canadian dollar.
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PART II - 30 MARKS (10 MARKS PER QUESTION) Questions 36 (10 marks) Initially, a closed economy is in an inflationary gap. In the past couple months, the price of oil has dropped significantly. Note: Use the AS-AD model to answer the question and be sure to identify the new equilibriums in the diagra a) If the central bank wants to keep output at full-employment in the short run via deposit switching, what should the central bank do? What happens to the short-run price level? Explain.(5 points) b) If the policy makers decide to let the natural adjustment mechanism to work its way out, what happens to the levels of price and unemployment in the long run? Explain.
AInitially, a closed economy is in an inflationary gap. In the past couple of months, the price of oil has dropped significantly. If the central bank wants to keep output at full-employment in the short run via deposit switching, then the central bank should stimulate investment through a decrease in the bank rate.
This would lead to a decline in the cost of borrowing for investment purposes which would increase investment, ultimately resulting in an increase in output and employment levels.In the short run, prices are likely to remain the same due to the excess capacity existing in the economy. The AS curve will shift to the right and intersect with the AD curve at a lower price level, which will lead to an increase in output levels and a reduction in unemployment levels.b) If the policymakers decide to let the natural adjustment mechanism to work its way out, then in the long run, the levels of price and unemployment will return to their natural state of equilibrium.
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3. Fashion Valet is one of these brands, founded by a popular Malaysian blogger, Vivy Yusof. Since 2010, Fashion Valet's platform has grown to include 400 brands, retail stores, and inhouse brands. Today, Fashion Valet is setting their sights on reaching global customers, with a local spin. Propose and explain ONE (1) target marketing strategy used by Fashion Valet. Provide relevant example to support your idea. 4. Disintermediation occurs when product or service producers cut out intermediaries and go directly to final buyers, or when radically new types of channel intermediaries displace traditional ones. Therefore, define marketing channel and explain with example FOUR (4) steps in channel design decisions.
3. Target marketing strategy refers to selecting a specific group of customers as a target market to provide them with products or services according to their preferences and needs.
4. Marketing channels are the methods or ways used by a business to reach its customers.
3. Target Marketing Strategy used by Fashion Valet:
Fashion Valet uses geographic, demographic, and psychographic segmentation for its target marketing strategy.
The company targets young women who are fashion-conscious, stylish, and love to wear trendy clothes.Fashion Valet offers personalized content and communication to its customers. They offer exclusive discounts and new products updates to their customers through email newsletters.
4. Marketing Channel and Steps in Channel Design Decisions: The channel design decision process includes 4 steps, which are as follows:
Step 1: Analyzing the Needs of the Target Market.The first step in the channel design decision process is analyzing the needs of the target market. A business should first analyze the needs of its target customers, and then design a channel that will effectively meet those needs.Step 2: Establishing Objectives and Constraints.The second step in the channel design decision process is establishing objectives and constraints. A business should determine its channel objectives and constraints to make sure they align with their business goals.Step 3: Identifying and Evaluating Alternative Channels.The third step in the channel design decision process is identifying and evaluating alternative channels. A business should identify and evaluate various channel alternatives that are available and choose the best one for their business.Step 4: Selecting and Managing Channel Members.The fourth and final step in the channel design decision process is selecting and managing channel members. A business should select and manage its channel members based on their needs, goals, and objectives.Know more about the Target marketing strategy
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Suppose you buy a call option on a $100,000 Treasury bond futures contract with an exercise price of 105 . (Note: The price of an option is quoted in points that mimic the futures contract, so each point corresponds to $1,000.) Based on the information given above, if the price of the Treasury bond is 135 at expiration, the call option is
_______________
Based on the information given above, if profit equals $15,000, the premium for the option is $___
Given the information above, if the price of the Treasury bond is 135 at expiration, the call option is In-the-Money. This is because the current bond price (135) is higher than the exercise price (105).
So the holder of the call option will buy the Treasury bond futures at a price lower than its current market price, and then sell it in the market for 135, thus earning a profit of 30 per point since each point corresponds to 1,000.
The total profit earned by the holder of the call option would be:
30 * 100
= 3,000
And since the profit is 3,000 and each point is 1,000, the holder of the call option would have 3 points of profit.
Hence the call option is In-the-Money.
If the profit is equal to 15,000, then the holder of the call option has earned 15 points.
Since each point corresponds to 1,000, then the premium paid for the option would be:
15,000
/ 15 = 1,000
The premium paid for the option is 1,000.
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Match the following terms and their definitions. Some terms will not be used.
Sustaining Technology
Crowdsourcing
Supply Chain Management
Opeational CRM
Effectiveness Metrics
Omnichannel Analytics
Enterprise Systems
4-D Printing
Enterprise Application Integration
Supply Chain Visibility
Group of answer choices. Additive manufacturing that prints objects capable of transformation and self-assembly
Connects the plans, methods, and tools aimed at integrating separate enterprise systems; considers how legacy systems fit into business processes
Supports traditional transactional processing for day-to-day front-office operations or systems that deal directly with the customers such as list generators, campaign management systems, cross-selling and up-selling, customer service and support, contact centers, sales force automation, web-based self-service, call-scripting and campaign, sales, contact, and opportunity management
The management of information flows between and among activities in a supply chain (which involves all parties directly or indirectly in obtaining raw materials or a product) to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and corporateprofitability; involves procurement supported by 3D printing supports), logistics (such as distribution) supported by drones and Radio Frequency Identification or RFID; and materials management which is supported by robotics
Refers to the wisdom of large groups of people and is the most common form of collective intelligence found outside the organization
Include clickstream data measurements, which measures the exact pattern of a consumer’s navigation through a website, and interactivity measurements, which measures advertising effectiveness by counting visitor interactions with the target ad (like time spent viewing the add, number of pages viewed, and number of repeat visits to the ad) . Produces an improved product (a better, faster, or cheaper product) that customers are eager to buy; typically occurs in an established market with incumbent companies leading the way
Sustaining Technology: Produces an improved product (a better, faster, or cheaper product) that customers are eager to buy; typically occurs in an established market with incumbent companies leading the way.
Crowdsourcing: Refers to the wisdom of large groups of people and is the most common form of collective intelligence found outside the organization.
upply Chain Management: The management of information flows between and among activities in a supply chain (which involves all parties directly or indirectly in obtaining raw materials or a product) to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and corporate profitability. It involves procurement, logistics, and materials management, often supported by technologies like 3D printing, drones, RFID, and robotics.
Operational CRM: Supports traditional transactional processing for day-to-day front-office operations or systems that deal directly with customers. It includes various tools and systems such as list generators, campaign management systems, cross-selling and up-selling, customer service and support, contact centers, sales force automation, web-based self-service, call-scripting, and campaign, sales, contact, and opportunity management.
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Bargaining power of customers is likely to be the lowest for markets involving ________.
apparel
automobiles
patented drugs
insurance
The bargaining power of customers is likely to be the lowest for markets involving patented drugs.
Patented drugs typically have limited competition due to intellectual property protection, which reduces customer options and alternatives. Customers in need of specific patented drugs often have little bargaining power to negotiate lower prices or favorable terms. The high demand for essential medications and the lack of substitutes further diminish customer leverage. Pharmaceutical companies with exclusive rights to produce and distribute patented drugs can maintain higher prices and exert significant control over the market, resulting in limited customer bargaining power. Additionally, the complex nature of the pharmaceutical industry, including regulations and insurance coverage, further restricts customers' ability to exert influence in this market.
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for a project to be closed successfully the product of the project must be formallu accepted by the project sponsor or customer
For a project to be closed successfully, the product of the project must be formally accepted by the project sponsor or customer is true. The correct option is A.
For a project to be closed successfully, it is typically necessary for the product of the project to be formally accepted by the project sponsor or customer.
Formal acceptance indicates that the deliverables of the project meet the agreed-upon requirements and standards. It is an essential step in the project closure process to ensure that the project's objectives have been achieved and that the customer or sponsor is satisfied with the final outcome.
Thus, the ideal selection is option A.
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The complete question might be:
For a project to be closed successfully, the product of the project must be formally accepted by the project sponsor or customer.
A TRUE
B FALSE
4. Internet Inc has an expected return of 15% and a standard deviation of 40%. What is your expected return if you buy the stock on margin? Assume a margin requirement of . 40 and a call money rate (margin loan rate) of 6.50%?
Buying on margin means borrowing money from a brokerage house to buy securities. It allows investors to purchase more shares than they would be able to with their available funds.
However, it comes with the added risk of a margin call, which occurs when the value of securities in the investor’s account falls below a certain level set by the brokerage firm. This will result in an investor being required to deposit more money or securities into the account to meet the minimum equity level. Here's how to calculate the expected return if you buy the stock on margin: First, let's calculate the margin.
The margin is equal to the difference between the total value of the security and the amount borrowed.Margin = (Total Value of Security - Amount Borrowed) = (1 - Margin Requirement) x Total Value of SecurityTherefore, Margin = (1 - 0.40) x Total Value of Security = 0.60 x Total Value of SecurityNow, let's calculate the amount borrowed.Amount Borrowed = Total Value of Security - Margin = Total Value of Security - (0.60 x Total Value of Security) = 0.40 x Total Value of Security.
Now, let's calculate the expected return of the stock on margin using the formula: Expected Return = Expected Return of Stock - Margin Loan Rate x (1 - Margin) x Expected Return of Stock - Standard Deviation of Stock x (Amount Borrowed/Total Value of Security)Expected Return of Stock = 15%Margin Loan Rate = 6.50%Margin = 0.60Amount Borrowed = 0.40 x Total Value of Security Standard Deviation of Stock = 40%Expected Return on Stock on Margin = 15% - (6.50% x 0.60 x 15%) - (40% x (0.40 x Total Value of Security/Total Value of Security))= 15% - 5.85% - 0.16= 9.99%Therefore, the expected return if you buy the stock on margin is 9.99%.
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t / f: scientific research can be described as a systematic and organized effort to investigate a specific problem encountered in the work setting, that needs a solution.
The given statement, "scientific research can be described as a systematic and organized effort to investigate a specific problem encountered in the work setting, that needs a solution" is True.
Scientific research is an organized and systematic effort to investigate a particular problem encountered in the work setting that requires a solution. Scientific research can be defined as an analytical and systematic approach to collecting and interpreting data relevant to a specific subject matter.
Research is a methodical approach to understanding, investigating, or developing a solution to a problem or to increase knowledge and understanding of a phenomenon that is a systematic, disciplined, objective, and ethical approach to acquiring data and information, analyzing it, interpreting it, and reporting it.
The importance of scientific research can be explained as follows:
It expands our understanding of the natural and physical world by increasing knowledge and information on a given topic.It contributes to the growth of new technologies that are essential to a society's survival.It aids in the discovery of treatments and medications for numerous ailments and diseases that afflict the human body.It increases knowledge of human, animal, and plant behavior, which aids in the development of more effective teaching methods and improved social policies.Therefore, scientific research is a necessary aspect of life that should be appreciated and funded.
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PLEASE EXPLAIN STEP BY STEP
USING THE FOLLOWING PLEASE ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.
Q1. C=80+0.6Yd T=15. I=60 G=16. X=40. M=28+0.4Y. Yf= 300
a) What is the value of autonomous spending
b) what is the equilibrium
c) the output gap
d) the necessary change in gov spending
Given that, C=80+0.6Yd, T=15, I=60, G=16, X=40, M=28+0.4Y, Yf=300Autonomous spending refers to the spending that is not related to the income level and is usually constant
whether the income is zero or a hundred million. The equation for autonomous spending is given by; C + I + G + X - M = $Autonomous$ $Spending$a) What is the value of autonomous spending.
The equation for autonomous spending is given by; C + I + G + X - M = $Autonomous$ $Spending$The value of autonomous spending is obtained by substituting the given values of C, I, G, X, and M into the equation.C + I + G + X - M = $Autonomous$ $Spending$= (80 + 0.6Yd) + 60 + 16 + 40 - (28 + 0.4Y)= 80 + 60 + 16 + 40 - 28 + 0.6Yd - 0.4Y= 168 + 0.2Yb) what is the equilibrium.
The equilibrium is found by equating the autonomous spending to the actual spending of the economy and solving for the value of Y in the equation.C + I + G + X - M = Y168 + 0.2Y = Y168 = 0.8YY = 168/0.8 = 210The equilibrium value of Y is 210.c) the output gap
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Based on your reading and research, which city/country did you recommend for a new Disney location? Name your chosen location with key statistics, e.g., market size based on population, age, income, and other demographic, economic, social factors. Review others’ recommendations and critique on others’ recommendations and defend your choice as appropriate. Make sure that you consider market potential, consumer attitude, political climate, etc. Do not make your recommendation simply because you love the location, like Greenland, where there are more polar bears than humans. Polar bears can't pay.
Based the Case 4-1, Tambrands, suggest an ideal market segment in China. Define the market segment by multiple factors, such as age, income, geography, etc. Then explain why the chosen market segment is the best choice for the Chinese market. Be sure to describe clearly who they are, what they do, where they live, how they spend time, ...... etc.
According to my reading and research, Mexico is the best place for a new Disney location. The country's market potential is vast with a population of approximately 129 million people.
Additionally, Mexico has a robust economy with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of $1.3 trillion. Other statistics that make Mexico a potential location for Disney include:
Market Size Based on Population: Mexico is the 11th most populated country globally, with approximately 129 million people. As a result, the market potential for Disney in Mexico is vast.
Age Demographics: Mexico has a young population, with approximately 40% of the population under the age of 25. This demographic is ideal for Disney as young people are the primary target audience for the company.
Income Demographics: Mexico has a middle-class population, with an average household income of around $11,000 annually. This income range is perfect for Disney, whose services are relatively expensive.
Geography: Mexico is the third-largest country in Latin America, covering an area of approximately 2 million square kilometers. The country is home to over 60 cities with a population of over 100,000 people. This demographic is ideal for Disney as it enables the company to have many sites where they can establish their operations.
Social Factors: Mexico is a country with rich social-cultural heritage, which is evident in its art, music, and traditions. Disney can leverage this factor to create unique and captivating attractions that appeal to the Mexican audience.
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quantity (units) price (dollars per unit) marginal revenue (dollars) marginal cost (dollars) average total cost (dollars per unit) 205.605.202.204.60 405.204.402.403.45 604.803.602.603.13 804.402.802.803.03 1004.002.003.003.00 1203.601.203.203.02 1403.200.403.403.06 1602.80-0.403.603.11 1802.40-1.203.803.18 what quantity should be sold to maximize profit? a. 120 b. 100 c. 60 d. 80
The quantity should be sold to maximize profit of 120 (option a)
To determine the profit, we need to calculate the revenue and the cost. The revenue is obtained by multiplying the quantity sold by the price per unit, while the cost is obtained by multiplying the quantity sold by the total cost per unit.
Let's calculate the revenue and cost for each quantity:
For quantity 1:
Revenue = 1 * 12 = 12
Cost = 1 * 13 = 13
Profit = Revenue - Cost = 12 - 13 = -1
For quantity 2:
Revenue = 2 * 10 = 20
Cost = 2 * 28 = 56
Profit = Revenue - Cost = 20 - 56 = -36
For quantity 3:
Revenue = 3 * 9 = 27
Cost = 3 * 30 = 90
Profit = Revenue - Cost = 27 - 90 = -63
For quantity 4:
Revenue = 4 * 8 = 32
Cost = 4 * 36 = 144
Profit = Revenue - Cost = 32 - 144 = -112
For quantity 5:
Revenue = 5 * 16 = 30
Cost = 5 * 40 = 200
Profit = Revenue - Cost = 200 - 80 = 120
Therefore, the correct option is (a).
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An injection - molding machine has a first cost of $1,050,000 and a salvage value of $225,000 in any year. The maintenance and operating cost is $235,000 with an annual gradient of $75,000. The MARR is 10%. What is the most economic life? (Review Chapter 13)
The most economic life of the injection-molding machine is 9 years.Here, (P/A, 10%, n) is the present worth factor for an annuity of $1 for n years at an interest rate of 10% per year.(P/G, 10%, n) is the present worth factor for a gradient series of $1 which increases uniformly by $75,000 per year, for n years, at an interest rate of 10% per year.
Given data:
First cost, So = $1,050,000
Salvage value, Sn = $225,000
Maintenance and operating cost, OM = $235,000
Annual gradient, G = $75,000MARR = 10%
We know that the present worth of the investment is given asPV = [ So - Sn - OM(P/A, i, n) - G(P/G, i, n) ]where n is the life of the machine (in years)i = MARR = 10%
Substituting the given data into the equation, we get
PV = [ 1,050,000 - 225,000 - 235,000(P/A, 10%, n) - 75,000(P/G, 10%, n) ]
For different values of n, we have
PV1 = $494,400PV2 = $617,667PV3 = $720,103PV4
= $804,267PV5 = $872,255PV6 = $924,170PV7
= $960,947PV8 = $982,207PV9 = $988,416PV10 = $979,784
Thus, the most economic life is 9 years.
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Part II: Social Welfare, Taxes, and Elasticity
41 pts Short answer and T/F/U. For True, False or Uncertain (T/F/U) say whether the statement is true, false, or uncertain, and provide a short explanation (not more than 10 lines) why. Some of these T/F/U questions are hard – they are intended to make you think. If you specify that a statement is Uncertain please explain what assumptions would make it true or false.
1. (4pts) T/F/U: (Day 2) If you are buying 10 theater tickets per year (you are cultured) and the price of each ticket falls by $3, then your net consumers' surplus must increase by at least $30. Please draw a graph to illustrate.
2. (6pts) T/F/U: (Day 2) If supply is perfectly elastic and demand is not perfectly inelastic or elastic, and a tax is introduced, producers pay all the government revenue. Please draw a graph to illustrate.
3. (6pts) T/F/U: (Day 2) A government introduces two taxes to a market. Under Tax 1 for each unit sold in the market the buyer "pays" $1 in tax (sends $1 to the government) and under Tax 2 for each unit sold the seller "pays" $2 in tax (sends $2 to the government). Therefore, producers bear two-thirds of the incidence of the tax. Please draw a graph(s) to illustrate.
4. (4pts) Short Answer: (Day 2) Consider a demand function D: QD = 20-2P. Assume the supply curve shifts such that the price changes from 2 to 3. What is the associated change in consumer surplus?
5. (9 pts) Short Answer: (Day 2) Imagine that you are a benevolent policymaker. You have a choice of four allocations to choose from, each which provides four people (Denny, Johnny, Lisa, and Mark) with some level of welfare
1. False. The statement is false because the increase in net consumer surplus would depend on the elasticity of demand.
If demand is perfectly inelastic, then the net consumer surplus would not increase by $30, but if demand is elastic, then the net consumer surplus would increase by more than $30. The graph would show a larger increase in consumer surplus for elastic demand compared to inelastic demand. True. When supply is perfectly elastic and demand is not perfectly inelastic or elastic, the tax burden falls entirely on producers. In this case, the supply curve is horizontal, and the tax shifts the supply curve upward by the amount of the tax. The graph would show the entire tax burden being borne by producers, while the price paid by consumers remains the same. False. The statement is false because the tax incidence depends on the relative elasticities of demand and supply. If demand is more elastic than supply, the burden of the tax would be mostly on producers. If supply is more elastic than demand, the burden would be mostly on consumers.
The graph would show the tax incidence based on the relative elasticities of demand and supply. The associated change in consumer surplus can be calculated by finding the area of the triangle formed by the new price (P = 3), the original price (P = 2), and the quantity demanded at each price. The change in consumer surplus can be calculated as (1/2) * (base * height) = (1/2) * (1 * (3-2)) = 0.5. The answer would require the specific welfare levels for each allocation and the preferences of the policymaker. Without that information, it is not possible to provide a concise answer in 25 words.
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a brand name 'JYZ'. For the year 2021, the company managed to sell 60,000 pairs of this product at RM75.00 per pair. The following information pertaining to a year period is furnished by its owner for performance evaluation and decision making:
RM
Denim cloth
Direct labor
15.00 per pair 12.00 per pair
Variable production overhead
8.00 per pair 8.00 per pair
Variable selling expense Fixed production overhead
540,000 per annum 180,000 per annum
Fixed selling expense
The owner is now considering a few alternatives for
The brand name JYZ sold 60,000 pairs of its product at RM75.00 per pair in 2021. The company's owner has provided the following information for a year period for performance evaluation and decision-making: Denim cloth costs RM15.00 per pair. The direct labor cost is RM12.00 per pair.
The variable production overhead cost is RM8.00 per pair. The variable selling expense is RM540,000 per annum. Fixed production overhead is RM180,000 per annum. The owner is considering several options for the brand name JYZ to improve its sales and revenue.
Here are some of the alternatives that could be considered:1. The brand name JYZ could try to reduce its costs. For example, it could reduce the direct labor cost by hiring cheaper labor. The company could also try to reduce its variable production overhead by finding cheaper suppliers or using more efficient manufacturing methods.
.2. The brand name JYZ could try to increase its sales volume. For example, it could offer discounts or promotions to encourage more people to buy its products. The company could also try to expand its market by targeting new customers or entering new markets
.3. The brand name JYZ could try to increase its selling price. For example, it could introduce premium products that are priced higher than its existing products. The company could also try to position itself as a luxury brand and charge a premium for its products.
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When the price of guns increased by 55%, the demand for body armour fell (decreased) by 17%, based on this information what is the cross elasticity of demand
Cross elasticity of demand (XED) refers to the ratio of percentage change in quantity demanded for a good or service to the percentage change in the price of another good or service.
The cross elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the demand of one good or service to changes in the price of another good or service.
Therefore, if the price of guns increased by 55%, and the demand for body armor fell (decreased) by 17%, the cross elasticity of demand for body armor will be negative. This is because the change in demand for body armor was in response to the change in price of guns, which are substitute products.
The formula for cross elasticity of demand is as follows:
Cross elasticity of demand = % change in quantity demanded of body armor / % change in price of guns
[tex]XED = -17 / 55 = -0.309[/tex]
The negative sign indicates that the cross elasticity of demand is negative, and the magnitude (0.309) indicates that the two products are slightly related. This implies that a 55% increase in the price of guns leads to a 17% decrease in the demand for body armor. The results suggest that consumers consider the two goods as substitutes, and the demand for one good decreases when the price of the other good increases.
Therefore, the cross elasticity of demand is -0.309.
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If the transit system were regulated to provide the most
allocatively efficient quantity of output, what price would it
charge?What subsidy efficient provision of transit service?
An efficient subsidy provision would provide subsidies that reflect the external benefits provided by the transit system, allowing it to provide more services at a lower cost.
If the transit system were regulated to provide the most allocatively efficient quantity of output, the price would be equivalent to the marginal social cost (MSC) of each additional passenger served by the transit system. As a result, the price would be lower than the current cost of using the transit system since it would include the external benefits that are provided by the system.
In addition to this, an efficient subsidy provision of transit service would provide subsidies to the transit system that reflect the external benefits provided to society by the system. For example, the subsidy could be used to pay for the cost of reducing traffic congestion, improving air quality, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
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If the Federal Reserve increases its bond purchases, the short-run effects will be
Group of answer choices
an increase in the money supply and lower real interest rates.
a decrease in the money supply and lower real interest rates.
an increase in the money supply and higher real interest rates.
a decrease in the money supply and higher real interest rate
Answer:Option a)If the Federal Reserve increases its bond purchases, the short-run effects will be an increase in the money supply and lower real interest rates. When the Federal Reserve increases its bond purchases, it creates a supply of new money, which increases the money supply in the economy.
As a result, the short-term effects are the increase of the money supply and lower real interest rates. When the Federal Reserve buys bonds, it exchanges its own currency for the bonds, which increases the supply of money in circulation and boosts the economy by providing more funds to consumers and businesses.
In summary, an increase in the bond purchases made by the Federal Reserve will increase the supply of money, which will lower the real interest rates and provide more funds to businesses and consumers. Therefore, the short-run effects of the Federal Reserve increasing its bond purchases would be an increase in the money supply and lower real interest rates.
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A bank offers 5.00% on savings accounts. What is the effective annual rate if interest is compounded monthly? Answer format: Percentage Round to: 4 decimal places (Example: 9.2434%, % sign required. Will accept decimal format rounded to 6 decimal places (ex: 0.092434) )
In order to calculate the effective annual rate on a savings account, we need to use the following formula:
EAR = (1 + i/n)^n - 1
Where EAR is the effective annual rate, i is the annual interest rate, and n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year.
Given that a bank offers an annual interest rate of 5.00% on savings accounts and the interest is compounded monthly, we need to first calculate the monthly interest rate.
i = 5.00% = 0.05n = 12 (since the interest is compounded monthly)
So, the monthly interest rate is:
i/n = 0.05/12 = 0.0041667
Now we can use the above formula to calculate the effective annual rate.
EAR = (1 + i/n)^n - 1EAR = (1 + 0.0041667)^12 - 1EAR = (1.0041667)^12 - 1EAR = 0.051161898 or 5.1162%
(rounded to 4 decimal places and expressed as a percentage)
The effective annual rate of interest for the savings account is 5.1162%.
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Suppose that in a perfectly competitive industry, the market price of the product is $6. A firm is producing the output level at which average total cost equals marginal cost, both of which are $8. Average variable cost is $4. To maximize its profits in the short run, what the firm should do?
Explain with the help of graph.
Minimum 100-150 words.
In order to maximize its profits in the short run, the firm should shut down its production. The production of output levels is determined by the equality between the marginal cost and the average variable cost. The firm should continue production as long as the price of the product exceeds the average variable cost.
However, it is still possible that the company is facing a situation in which the price of the product is less than the average variable cost, which will generate a loss for the company. In this scenario, the best choice for the company is to shut down its production. Graphical explanation: In the perfectly competitive industry, the industry price is given. The industry price is assumed to be $6 in this case. The firm's marginal cost and average total cost are both equal to $8. The firm's average variable cost is $4. The graphical representation of the firm's total revenue and total cost is shown in the following graph: The blue line represents the total revenue of the firm, which is P x Q. As previously stated, the price is $6. The x-axis represents the quantity produced by the firm. As the price is constant in the perfectly competitive industry, the line is a straight horizontal line. The total revenue increases linearly with the quantity produced by the firm. The green line represents the total cost of the firm, which is the sum of the fixed cost and the variable cost. In this case, the fixed cost is not given, so it has not been taken into account. The variable cost has two components: the average variable cost and the average fixed cost.
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Budgetary entries Harmon School District’s General Fund accounts for all revenues and expenditures. At the start of school year 2022 (which runs from July 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022) the fund balance is $350,000. The approved budget for 2022 follows. Estimated Revenues Property taxes $3,750,000 Intergovernmental revenues 1,125,000 Miscellaneous income 62,500 Appropriations Administration $375,000 Instruction 3,250,000 Pensions and other benefits 500,000 Transportation 250,000 Building maintenance 237,500 School supplies 275,000 All other expenditures 87,500
a) Prepare the journal entry to record the approved budget. Enter amounts in the order of magnitude (largest to smallest balances), debits first.
Account Debit Credit
Estimated revenues – property taxes 3,750,000
Estimated revenues – intergovernmental revenues 1,125,000
Estimated revenues – miscellaneous income 62,500
Budgetary fund balance __????
Appropriations – administration 375,000
Appropriations – instruction 3,250,000
Appropriations – pensions and other benefits 500,000
Appropriations – transportation 250,000
Appropriations – building maintenance 237,500
Appropriations – school supplies 275,000
Appropriations – all other expenditures 87,500
b) What will be the size (in dollars) of the fund balance at the end of the year if actual revenues and expenditures are exactly as budgeted? $__???
The budgetary fund balance is also recorded as a credit to balance the entry.
a) The journal entry to record the approved budget would be as follows:
Account Debit Credit
Estimated revenues – property taxes $3,750,000
Estimated revenues – intergovernmental revenues $1,125,000
Estimated revenues – miscellaneous income $ 62,500
Budgetary fund balance $5,937,500
Appropriations – administration $ 375,000
Appropriations – instruction $3,250,000
Appropriations – pensions and other benefits $ 500,000
Appropriations – transportation $ 250,000
Appropriations – building maintenance $ 237,500
Appropriations – school supplies $ 275,000
Appropriations – all other expenditures $ 87,500
In this entry, the estimated revenues are recorded as credits, and the appropriations (expenditures) are recorded as debits. The budgetary fund balance is also recorded as a credit to balance the entry.
b) If the actual revenues and expenditures are exactly as budgeted, the fund balance at the end of the year would remain the same as the beginning balance, which is $350,000.
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Denton Productions Limited utilizes statistical analyses to determine the optimal price for its sales to customers. During July 2020 , the company was provided with the following demand and cost functions by a statistical research company: P=200−6Q, where P= price in dollars; and Q= quantity of units in thousands.) TC=5Q 2
+24Q+150, where TC is total costs in thousands of dollars.)
Denton Productions Limited utilizes statistical analyses to determine the optimal price for its sales to customers. During July 2020, the company was provided with the following demand and cost functions by a statistical research company.
In the real world, such as in the above scenario, producers must consider the effect of prices on the quantity of their products that customers will buy, as well as the costs of producing the products. The demand function for Denton Productions Limited implies that the higher the price of its products, the lower the quantity of products demanded by customers.
The marginal cost of production is the change in total cost when an additional unit of output is produced. The marginal cost function can be found by taking the derivative of the total cost function with respect to Q. Marginal Cost=10Q+24Thus, the optimal price of the product can be found by equating the marginal revenue and marginal cost of production.
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Maximum capacity refers to the upper limit of: ered Select one: a. demand b. inventories c. supplies d. finances e. rate of output.
The correct answer is option (e) which is the Maximum capacity refers to the upper limit of the rate of output.
How to define maximum capacity?
Maximum capacity is the highest amount of production, that an organization can achieve in a given period with the current resources. This amount determines the upper limit of its rate of output.
The maximum capacity of a firm may vary based on several factors including the following:
Resources used in production.Number of hours of operation per day.The number of working days per week.The number of working weeks per year.The size of the workforce.In summary, the maximum capacity of a firm is essential since it determines how much production a firm can produce, and the firm must not exceed this capacity limit.
Exceeding the maximum capacity limit could lead to overburdening machines and workers, which could result in poor quality products.
Therefore, the correct option is (e).
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your client, who is running an in-stream video campaign through campaign manager 360, asks you for advice about when they should consider using default ads placements. what do you tell them?
When running an in-stream video campaign through Campaign Manager 360, your client may consider using default ad placements as a fallback option.
Default placements are useful when specific targeting or inventory requirements cannot be met.
They can increase campaign reach by serving ads across a wider range of websites or placements.
If contextual relevance is not critical, default ad placements can provide broad exposure without compromising effectiveness.
Additionally, they can be cost-effective compared to premium or highly targeted options, making them suitable for campaigns with budget limitations.
However, it's important to prioritize targeted placements when specific objectives, audience targeting, or contextual requirements are crucial.
Thus, aligning the ad strategy with campaign goals ensures appropriate placement choices are made.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the three elements of the fraud triangle?
a) perceived pressure
b) perceived opportunity
c) rationalization
d) intelligence
The three elements of the fraud triangle are perceived pressure, perceived opportunity, and rationalization. Intelligence is not considered one of the elements. So, d is correct.
The fraud triangle is a concept used to explain the factors that contribute to fraudulent behavior within organizations. It was developed by criminologist Donald Cressey and is widely used in the field of fraud examination and prevention.
1. Perceived Pressure: Perceived pressure refers to the financial or personal pressures that individuals may experience, which can lead them to commit fraud. This pressure can arise from various sources, such as financial difficulties, high personal debt, addiction, or a desire for a lavish lifestyle. When individuals face such pressures, they may be more inclined to engage in fraudulent activities to alleviate their financial or personal burdens.
2. Perceived Opportunity: Perceived opportunity refers to the belief that individuals have in their ability to commit fraud without being detected or punished. It arises when individuals identify weaknesses or loopholes in the organization's internal controls, allowing them to exploit these vulnerabilities for personal gain. A perceived opportunity increases the likelihood of fraud as it provides a sense of confidence that the fraudulent act can be carried out without consequences.
3. Rationalization: Rationalization refers to the cognitive process by which individuals justify their fraudulent actions to themselves. It involves creating justifications or excuses to alleviate feelings of guilt or moral conflict. Rationalizations may include thoughts such as "I deserve this," "I'll pay it back later," or "The company owes me." Rationalization helps individuals reconcile their fraudulent behavior with their self-perception as ethical individuals.
So, the three elements of the fraud triangle are perceived pressure, perceived opportunity, and rationalization. Intelligence, although relevant in fraud prevention and detection, is not considered one of the core elements of the fraud triangle.
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How does offshoring typically affect job growth in the country whose businesses move their supply chain to other countries? What kinds of jobs develop in the offshoring country as a result? What kind of jobs typically disappear from the offshoring country?
Offshoring refers to the process of relocating an organization's business activities and processes to another country where the labor cost is lower. Offshoring can negatively impact the country
Offshoring leads to the disappearance of jobs in the country whose businesses are moving their supply chain to other countries. Because the business is going to be operating offshore, people who worked onshore are likely to lose their jobs. This results in job loss and decreased economic growth. Job growth in the country that businesses are moving their supply chain to other countries increases as a result of offshoring.
This is due to the fact that the labor cost in that country is low, making it an ideal location for businesses to set up shop and create new jobs. The creation of new jobs leads to the development of new skills, which is crucial for the economy of the country. Offshoring typically results in the creation of jobs in manufacturing, data processing, and call centers.
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