Hence, the dy/dx of the following function is dy/dx = x³ cos² x - x³ sin² x + 3x² cos x sin x
We're given a function, y = x³ cos x sin x, and we're asked to find dy/dx, which is the derivative of y with respect to x.
Therefore, we'll have to use the product rule and the chain rule.
Let's get started.
Notice that the function y can be written as a product of three functions, u, v, and w, as follows:
u = x³ (power function) (derivative of u, du/dx = 3x²)
v = cos x (trigonometric function) (derivative of v, dv/dx = -sin x)
w = sin x (trigonometric function) (derivative of w, dw/dx = cos x)
So, y = uvw
Next, we'll need to use the product rule to find dy/dx, which is given by:
dy/dx = uvw' + uv'w + u'vw' where the ' symbol indicates differentiation with respect to x.
Using this formula, we'll find dy/dx as follows:
dy/dx = [x³ cos x cos x] + [x³ (-sin x) sin x] + [3x² cos x sin x] which simplifies as follows:
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Choose the correct answer below.
A. Factoring is the same as multiplication. Writing 6-6 as 36 is factoring and is the same as writing 36 as 6.6. which is multiplication.
B. Factoring is the same as multiplication. Writing 5 5 as 25 is multiplication and is the same as writing 25 as 5-5, which is factoring.
C. Factoring is the reverse of multiplication. Writing 3-3 as 9 is factoring and writing 9 as 3.3 is multiplication.
D. Factoring is the reverse of multiplication. Writing 4 4 as 16 is multiplication and writing 16 as 4.4 is factoring.
The correct answer is D. Factoring is the reverse of multiplication. Factoring involves breaking down a number or expression into its factors, while multiplication involves combining two or more numbers or expressions to obtain a product.
D. Factoring is the reverse of multiplication. Writing 4 x 4 as 16 is multiplication and writing 16 as 4.4 is factoring.
The correct answer is D. Factoring is the reverse of multiplication.
Factoring involves breaking down a number or expression into its factors, while multiplication involves combining two or more numbers or expressions to obtain a product.
In the given options, choice D correctly describes the relationship between factoring and multiplication. Writing 4 x 4 as 16 is a multiplication operation because we are combining the factors 4 and 4 to obtain the product 16.
On the other hand, writing 16 as 4.4 is factoring because we are breaking down the number 16 into its factors, which are both 4.
Factoring is the process of finding the prime factors or common factors of a number or expression. It is the reverse operation of multiplication, where we find the product of two or more numbers or expressions.
So, choice D accurately reflects the relationship between factoring and multiplication.
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write the equation of a parallel line, and through the point (-1,2). simplify it intos slope -intercept form.
The equation of the parallel line in slope-intercept form is y = 2x + 4.
The slope-intercept form of a line is y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept.
A parallel line will have the same slope as the original line. The slope of the line through the point (-1,2) is 2, so the slope of the parallel line will also be 2.
We can use the point-slope form of the equation of a line to find the equation of the parallel line. The point-slope form is y - [tex]y_1[/tex] = m(x - [tex]x_1[/tex]), where ([tex]x_1[/tex], [tex]y_1[/tex]) is the point that the line passes through and m is the slope.
In this case, ([tex]x_1[/tex], [tex]y_1[/tex]) = (-1,2) and m = 2, so the equation of the parallel line is:
y - 2 = 2(x - (-1))
y - 2 = 2x + 2
y = 2x + 4
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am's uncle promised to give him $7,000 when he graduates from college three years from now. Assuming an interest rate of 8 percent compounded annually, what is the value of Sam's gift right now? A) $5,504.22 B) $5,510.78 C) $5,556.83 D) $5,555.55
Therefore, the value of Sam's gift right now is approximately $5,555.55 that is option D.
To calculate the present value of Sam's gift, we can use the formula for the future value of a single sum compounded annually:
PV = FV / (1 + r)ⁿ
Where:
PV is the present value,
FV is the future value,
r is the interest rate as a decimal, and
n is the number of periods.
In this case, the future value (FV) is $7,000, the interest rate (r) is 8% or 0.08, and the number of periods (n) is 3.
Plugging in the values into the formula, we get:
PV = 7000 / (1 + 0.08)³
= 7000 / (1.08)³
= 7000 / 1.259712
≈ 5555.55
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WHAT ARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS?"
-
2. according to the semiotic triangle3 which of these sentences match with the triangel.
- So, which corners of the triangle are involved, in what way, when
you organize "books" (etc.)?
A shelf of books?
- A room with a number of bookshelves?
- A building, with many rooms, with many bookshelves?
Information systems encompass the integration of people, processes, data, and technology to gather, store, process, and distribute information for decision-making and organizational operations. In the context of the semiotic triangle, sentences like "A shelf of books," "A room with a number of bookshelves," and "A building with many rooms, with many bookshelves" match with the triangle by representing different levels or scopes of organizing the object "books."
The sentences describe different levels of organization and scale, but they all relate to the referent corner of the semiotic triangle by representing physical entities or arrangements.
1. Information systems are systems that collect, store, process, and distribute information to support decision-making and control in an organization. They involve the use of technology, people, and processes to manage and utilize information effectively.
2. The semiotic triangle, also known as the semiotic triangle of reference, consists of three corners: the symbol (word, sign), the referent (object, concept), and the meaning (interpretation, understanding). It represents the relationship between a symbol, its referent, and the meaning associated with it.
Regarding the sentences you provided:
"A shelf of books" matches with the symbol corner of the triangle. The phrase "shelf of books" is a symbol representing a physical entity."A room with a number of bookshelves" matches with the referent corner of the triangle. It represents the actual objects (bookshelves) in a physical space (room)."A building, with many rooms, with many bookshelves" matches with the referent corner as well. It represents a larger-scale arrangement of objects (bookshelves) within a building.To know more about semiotic refer to-
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Ω={ω=(ω 1
,ω 2
,…),ω i
∈{H,T},i=1,2,3,…} Let A i
be the event that the i th -tossing is a head. (a) [1 point] How do elements in A 2
∩A 5
look like? Please describe them in the form of infinite vectors. (b) [1 point] What does the event ∩ i=1
[infinity]
A i
mean in words (not in mathematics)? Enumerate all elements in this infinite intersection. (c) [1 point] What does the event ∪ i=1
[infinity]
A i
mean in words (not in mathematics)? Is the number of outcomes in this infinite union finite? (d) [1 point ] Let ω=(T,T,T,T,…), i.e. ω i
=T for each i=1,2,3,… Does this ω∈∪ i=1
[infinity]
A i
? (e) [1 point] Let ω=(T,H,T,H,…), i.e. ω i
=T for each odd number i and ω i
=H for each even number i. Does this ω∈∪ i=1
[infinity]
A i
? If so, please list all i 's such that ω∈A i
.
The infinite sequence ω = (T, H, T, H, . . .) belongs to all Ai with i = 2, 4, 6, . . ., since it has H in every even position.
We know that A 2 and A 5 are the events that the second and fifth tosses are heads, respectively. Thus, the elements in A 2 ∩ A 5 are those vectors that have heads in both the second and fifth positions, as follows: (H, T, . . ., H, . . .) - This vector can have H at any even position greater than or equal to 2, and H or T at any odd position greater than or equal to 5.
The event ∩ i = 1 A i represents the event that every toss is a head, i.e., the infinite sequence is a sequence of heads. Therefore, the elements in this infinite intersection are those sequences that have H in every position, as follows:
(H, H, H, H, H, . . .) - This is the only possible element in the intersection because any other element that does not have H in every position will not satisfy the conditions of the intersection.
The event ∪ i=1 ∞ A i represents the event that at least one toss is a head. The number of outcomes in this infinite union is infinite, but countable. This is because each Ai has two outcomes (H or T), and there are countably many Ai. Therefore, the total number of outcomes is the same as the number of elements in the set of positive integers, which is countably infinite.
The infinite sequence ω = (T, T, T, T, . . .) does not belong to any Ai, since it does not have H in any position. Therefore, ω does not belong to the union of all Ai.
The infinite sequence ω = (T, H, T, H, . . .) belongs to all Ai with i = 2, 4, 6, . . ., since it has H in every even position.
Therefore, it belongs to the union of all Ai.
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detrmine the values that the function will give us if we input the values: 2,4, -5, 0.
Thus, the function will give us the respective values of -3, 13, 67, and -3 if we input the values of 2, 4, -5, and 0 into the function f(x).
Let the given function be represented by f(x).
Therefore,f(x) = 2x² - 4x - 3
If we input 2 into the function, we get:
f(2) = 2(2)² - 4(2) - 3
= 2(4) - 8 - 3
= 8 - 8 - 3
= -3
If we input 4 into the function, we get:
f(4) = 2(4)² - 4(4) - 3
= 2(16) - 16 - 3
= 32 - 16 - 3
= 13
If we input -5 into the function, we get:
f(-5) = 2(-5)² - 4(-5) - 3
= 2(25) + 20 - 3
= 50 + 20 - 3
= 67
If we input 0 into the function, we get:
f(0) = 2(0)² - 4(0) - 3
= 0 - 0 - 3
= -3
Therefore, if we input 2 into the function f(x), we get -3.
If we input 4 into the function f(x), we get 13.
If we input -5 into the function f(x), we get 67.
And, if we input 0 into the function f(x), we get -3.
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Construct a pushdown automata that recognizes {w∣w is an element of {0,1} ∗
and w has an unequal number of 0 's and 1's }
A pushdown automaton (PDA) can be constructed to recognize the language where the input consists of 0's and 1's and has an unequal number of occurrences of these symbols. The PDA uses a stack to keep track of the symbols and transitions based on the current symbol and the stack's top symbol.
To construct a pushdown automaton (PDA) that recognizes the language {w | w is an element of {0,1}* and w has an unequal number of 0's and 1's}, we can follow these steps:
1. Start in the initial state q0 with an empty stack.
2. Read the input symbol and follow the corresponding transitions based on the following rules:
a) If the input symbol is 0 and the top of the stack is empty, push a special symbol (let's use Z) onto the stack and transition to state q1.
b) If the input symbol is 0 and the top of the stack is Z, pop Z from the stack and transition to state q0.
c) If the input symbol is 0 and the top of the stack is not Z, transition to state q2 without changing the stack.
d) If the input symbol is 1 and the top of the stack is empty, transition to state q3 without changing the stack.
e) If the input symbol is 1 and the top of the stack is Z, push Z onto the stack and transition to state q3.
f) If the input symbol is 1 and the top of the stack is not Z, pop the top symbol from the stack and transition to state q3.
3. Repeat steps 2 until all input symbols are read.
4. Once all input symbols are processed, if the stack is empty, accept the input string (since it has an unequal number of 0's and 1's). Otherwise, reject the input string.
The PDA described above will recognize the language {w | w is an element of {0,1}* and w has an unequal number of 0's and 1's}.
Note: The exact configuration of the PDA may depend on the specific notation or conventions used in your course or textbook. The steps provided above outline the general approach for constructing such a PDA.
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Mai made $95 for 5 hours of work.
At the same rate, how many hours would she have to work to make $133?
Linda got a prepaid debit card with $20 on it. For her first purchase with the card, she bought some bulk ribbon at a craft store. The price of the ribbon was 14 cents per yard. If after that purchase there was $17. 06 left on the card, how many yards of ribbon did Linda buy?
Linda bought 21 yards of ribbon.
To find the number of yards of ribbon Linda bought, we need to determine the difference between the initial amount on the prepaid debit card and the remaining amount after the purchase.
The initial amount on the card was $20, and after the purchase, there was $17.06 left on the card. The difference between these two amounts represents the cost of the ribbon Linda bought.
Initial amount on the card - Remaining amount on the card = Cost of the ribbon
$20 - $17.06 = $2.94
So, the cost of the ribbon Linda bought was $2.94.
Now, we can calculate the number of yards of ribbon by dividing the cost of the ribbon by the price per yard.
Cost of the ribbon / Price per yard = Number of yards of ribbon
$2.94 / $0.14 = 21
Therefore, Linda bought 21 yards of ribbon.
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Evaluate yyye y 2 dv, where e is the solid hemisphere x 2 1 y 2 1 z2 < 9, y > 0.
The result of the triple integral is: [tex]I_E= [\frac{162}{5} ][/tex]
The solid E is the hemisphere of radius 3. It is the right part of the sphere
[tex]x^{2} +y^2+z^2=9[/tex] of radius 3 that corresponds to [tex]y\geq 0[/tex]
Here we slightly modify the spherical coordinates using the y axis as the azimuthal axis as this is more suitable for the given region. That is we interchange the roles of z and y in the standard spherical coordinate configuration. Now the angle [tex]\theta[/tex] is the polar angle on the xz plane measured from the positive x axis and [tex]\phi[/tex] is the azimuthal angle measured from the y axis.
Then the region can be parametrized as follows:
[tex]x=rcos\thetasin\phi\\\\y=rcos\phi\\\\z=rsin\theta\,sin\phi[/tex]
where the ranges of the variables are:
[tex]0\leq r\leq 3\\\\0\leq \theta\leq \pi \\\\0\leq \phi\leq \pi /2[/tex]
Calculate the triple integral. In the method of change of coordinates in triple integration we need the Jacobian of the transformation that is used to transform the volume element. We have,
[tex]J=r^2sin\phi \,\,\,\,\,[Jacobian \, of \,the\, transformation][/tex]
[tex]y^2=r^2cos^2\phi[/tex]
[tex]I_E=\int\int\int_E y^2dV[/tex]
[tex]I_E=\int_0^2^\pi \int^3_0\int_0^\\\pi /2[/tex][tex](r^2cos^2\phi)(r^2sin\phi)d\phi\, dr\, d\theta[/tex]
[tex]I_E=\int_0^2^\pi \int^3_0\int_0^\\\pi /2[/tex] [tex](r^4cos^2\phi sin\phi)d\phi\, dr\, d\theta[/tex]
Substitute [tex]u=cos \phi, du = -sin\phi \, du[/tex]
[tex]I_E=\int_0^2^\pi \int^3_0[-\frac{r^4}{3}cos^3\phi ]_0^\\\pi /2[/tex][tex]dr \, d\theta[/tex]
[tex]I_E=\int_0^2^\pi \int^3_0(\frac{r^4}{3} )dr \, d\theta[/tex]
[tex]I_E=\int_0^2^\pi [\frac{r^5}{15} ]^3_0 \, d\theta[/tex]
[tex]I_E=\int_0^2^\pi [\frac{3^5}{15} ] \, d\theta[/tex]
[tex]I_E= [\frac{81}{5}\theta ][/tex]
[tex]I_E= [\frac{81}{5}(2\theta) ]\\\\I_E= [\frac{162}{5} ][/tex]
The result of the triple integral is: [tex]I_E= [\frac{162}{5} ][/tex]
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Complete question is:
Evaluate [tex]\int\int_E\int y^2 \, dV[/tex] , where E is the solid hemisphere [tex]x^{2} +y^2+z^2=9[/tex], [tex]y\geq 0[/tex]
Suppose there are two stocks and two possible states. The first state happens with 85% probability and second state happens with 15% probability. In outcome 1 , stock A has 1% return and stock B has 12% return. In outcome 2 , stock A has 80% return and stock B has - 10% return. What is the covariance of their returns? Please enter a number (not a percentage). Please convert all percentages to numbers before calculating, then type in the number. Now type in 4 decimal places. The answer will be small.
The covariance of the returns for stocks A and B is approximately -3.2327.
To calculate the covariance of the returns for stocks A and B, we need to first calculate the expected returns for each stock and then use the formula for covariance. Let's proceed with the calculation:
Expected return for stock A:
(0.85 * 1%) + (0.15 * 80%) = 0.85% + 12% = 12.85%
Expected return for stock B:
(0.85 * 12%) + (0.15 * -10%) = 10.2% - 1.5% = 8.7%
Now, we can calculate the covariance using the formula:
Covariance = Σ [(Ri - E(Ri))(Rj - E(Rj))] / n
Where:
Ri and Rj are the returns of stocks A and B, respectively.
E(Ri) and E(Rj) are the expected returns of stocks A and B, respectively.
n is the number of observations (states), which in this case is 2.
Using the given values:
Covariance = [(1% - 12.85%)(12% - 8.7%)] + [(80% - 12.85%)(-10% - 8.7%)] / 2
Covariance = [-11.85% * 3.3%] + [67.15% * -18.7%] / 2
Covariance = -0.39105 + (-12.539705) / 2
Covariance = -6.4653775 / 2
Covariance ≈ -3.2327
Therefore, the covariance of the returns for stocks A and B, to 4 decimal places, is approximately -3.2327.
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Using AES, answer these questions given: Plaintext=\{0FOEODOCOBOA09080706050403020100\} Key ={02020202020202020202020202020202} Question 1 [ 10 points]: Show the value of State after initial AddRoundKey?
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a symmetric encryption algorithm that has a block size of 128 bits. AES is used to encrypt sensitive data like passwords, credit card numbers, and other personal data.
Here's the answer to the question given:
Given values:
[tex]Plaintext = {0FOEODOCOBOA09080706050403020100}[/tex]
[tex]Key = {02020202020202020202020202020202}[/tex]
Solution:
First, we'll create a State array using the given plaintext.
State array is a 4x4 matrix.
[tex]State array (S) = 0F OE OD OC BO A0 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 00[/tex]
Next, we'll apply the AddRoundKey transformation to the State array.
AddRoundKey:
In this step, the bits of the State array are XORed with the bits of the key to produce a new State array.
The AddRoundKey transformation is performed in the first round of AES and is repeated in every round thereafter.
For this example, we'll use the given key.
Key array is also a 4x4 matrix.
[tex]Key array (K) = 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02[/tex]
The State array is XORed with the Key array to produce the new State array.
[tex]State array (S) = 0F XOR 02 = 0D OE XOR 02 = OC OD XOR 02 = 0F OC XOR 02 = 0E A0 XOR 02 = A2 90 XOR 02 = 92 80 XOR 02 = 82 70 XOR 02 = 72 60 XOR 02 = 62 50 XOR 02 = 52 40 XOR 02 = 42 30 XOR 02 = 32 20 XOR 02 = 22 10 XOR 02 = 12 00 XOR 02 = 02[/tex]
The value of State after initial AddRoundKey is:
[tex]0D OC 0F 0E A2 92 82 72 62 52 42 32 22 12 02[/tex],
which is the output of the AddRoundKey transformation.
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For a continuous function y=f(x), if for all x,f(x)>0, f′(x)<0, and f′′(x)>0, what do you conclude about the graph of f(x) ?
Based on these conditions, we can conclude that the graph of f(x) will be a decreasing function that is always positive, and it will have a concave up (smiling) shape.
Based on the given information: For all x, f(x) > 0: This means that the function f(x) is always positive, indicating that the graph of f(x) lies above the x-axis.
f'(x) < 0: This implies that the derivative of f(x) is negative for all x. In terms of the graph, this means that the function is decreasing, or sloping downwards, as x increases.
f''(x) > 0: This indicates that the second derivative of f(x) is positive for all x. In terms of the graph, this means that the rate of decrease (slope) is increasing. The graph is concave up, or has a "smiling" shape.
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The table below contains 3 point team shooting percentages for the 2009-2010 (through February 26, 2010) for the men's teams in four of the large conference NCAA Division I basketball. An Excel file containing these data is attached (You may need to open Excel before you open this file) Are there differences between the conferences in 3 point shooting percentages and if so, where are those differences?
If you have the data available in a tabular format, you can perform statistical analysis using software such as R, Python, or Excel. Here's a general approach to analyze the data and test for differences between the conferences:
Import the data: Import the data from the Excel file into your chosen statistical software. Ensure that the data is properly formatted and organized, with each conference's 3-point shooting percentages in separate columns or as a factor variable.
Explore the data: Examine the summary statistics, such as mean, median, and standard deviation, for each conference's 3-point shooting percentages. Additionally, create visualizations, such as box plots or histograms, to observe the distribution of the data.
Test for differences: To determine if there are statistically significant differences between the conferences' 3-point shooting percentages, you can use statistical tests such as ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) or t-tests. The choice of test depends on the number of conferences and the assumptions of the data.
a. ANOVA: If you have data from more than two conferences, you can perform a one-way ANOVA test to compare the means of multiple groups simultaneously. The ANOVA test will provide an F-statistic and p-value to determine if there are significant differences between the conferences.
b. t-tests: If you want to compare the 3-point shooting percentages between specific pairs of conferences, you can perform independent t-tests between the two groups of interest. This test will provide a t-statistic and p-value to assess the significance of the difference between the means of the two groups.
Post-hoc analysis: If the ANOVA test indicates significant differences between the conferences or if you find significant differences through t-tests, you can conduct post-hoc analysis to determine which specific pairs of conferences differ significantly. Common post-hoc tests include Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test or pairwise t-tests with appropriate adjustments for multiple comparisons.
By following these steps, you should be able to analyze the data and identify any differences in 3-point shooting percentages between the conferences.
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Select all statements below which are true for all invertible n×n matrices A and B A. (A+B) 2
=A 2
+B 2
+2AB B. 9A is invertible C. (ABA −1
) 8
=AB 8
A −1
D. (AB) −1
=A −1
B −1
E. A+B is invertible F. AB=BA
The true statements for all invertible n×n matrices A and B are:
A. (A+B)² = A² + B² + 2AB
C. (ABA^(-1))⁸ = AB⁸A^(-8)
D. (AB)^(-1) = A^(-1)B^(-1)
F. AB = BA
A. (A+B)² = A² + B² + 2AB
This is true for all matrices, not just invertible matrices.
C. (ABA^(-1))⁸ = AB⁸A^(-8)
This is a property of matrix multiplication, where (ABA^(-1))^n = AB^nA^(-n).
D. (AB)^(-1) = A^(-1)B^(-1)
This is the property of the inverse of a product of matrices, where (AB)^(-1) = B^(-1)A^(-1).
F. AB = BA
This is the property of commutativity of multiplication, which holds for invertible matrices as well.
The statements A, C, D, and F are true for all invertible n×n matrices A and B.
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Instructions. Solve the following problems (show all your work). You can use your textbook and class notes. Please let me know if you have any questions concerning the problems. 1. Define a relation R on N×N by (m,n)R(k,l) iff ml=nk. a. Show that R is an equivalence relation. b. Find the equivalence class E (9,12)
.
Any pair (m,n) in the equivalence class E(9,12) will satisfy the equation 9n = 12m, and the pairs will have the form (3k, 4k) for some integer k.
To show that relation R is an equivalence relation, we need to prove three properties: reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity.
a. Reflexivity:
For any (m,n) in N×N, we need to show that (m,n)R(m,n). In other words, we need to show that mn = mn. Since this is true for any pair (m,n), the relation R is reflexive.
b. Symmetry:
For any (m,n) and (k,l) in N×N, if (m,n)R(k,l), then we need to show that (k,l)R(m,n). In other words, if ml = nk, then we need to show that nk = ml. Since multiplication is commutative, this property holds, and the relation R is symmetric.
c. Transitivity:
For any (m,n), (k,l), and (p,q) in N×N, if (m,n)R(k,l) and (k,l)R(p,q), then we need to show that (m,n)R(p,q). In other words, if ml = nk and kl = pq, then we need to show that mq = np. By substituting nk for ml in the second equation, we have kl = np. Since multiplication is associative, mq = np. Therefore, the relation R is transitive.
Since the relation R satisfies all three properties (reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity), we can conclude that R is an equivalence relation.
b. To find the equivalence class E(9,12), we need to determine all pairs (m,n) in N×N that are related to (9,12) under relation R. In other words, we need to find all pairs (m,n) such that 9n = 12m.
Let's solve this equation:
9n = 12m
We can simplify this equation by dividing both sides by 3:
3n = 4m
Now we can observe that any pair (m,n) where n = 4k and m = 3k, where k is an integer, satisfies the equation. Therefore, the equivalence class E(9,12) is given by:
E(9,12) = {(3k, 4k) | k is an integer}
This means that any pair (m,n) in the equivalence class E(9,12) will satisfy the equation 9n = 12m, and the pairs will have the form (3k, 4k) for some integer k.
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A rod originally has a length of 2{~m} . Upon experiencing a tensile force, its length was longer by 0.038{~m} . Calculate the strain developed in the rod.
The strain developed in the rod is 0.019, which means that it underwent a deformation of 1.9% of its original length.
When a material experiences a tensile force, it undergoes deformation and its length increases. The strain developed in the material is a measure of the amount of deformation it undergoes. It is defined as the change in length (ΔL) divided by the original length (L). Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
strain = ΔL / L
In this case, the rod originally had a length of 2 meters, and after experiencing a tensile force, its length increased by 0.038 meters. Therefore, the change in length (ΔL) is 0.038 meters, and the original length (L) is 2 meters. Substituting these values in the above equation, we get:
strain = 0.038 meters / 2 meters
= 0.019
So the strain developed in the rod is 0.019, which means that it underwent a deformation of 1.9% of its original length. This is an important parameter in material science and engineering, as it is used to quantify the mechanical behavior of materials under external loads.
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The series expansion of the exponential function around zero is ex=∑n=0[infinity]n!xn=∑n=0[infinity]cn(x), where the last equality defines cn(x). Show that cn(x) can easily be computed from cn−1(x). Use the previous result to make a function that computes an approximation of the exponential by computing the Taylor series to order N. Make it such that it only keeps two local variables. Make a plot of the convergence with N by comparing the result to numpy's evaluation of the exponential for some x.
We have to show that cn(x) can easily be computed from cn-1(x).Then, cn(x) is given by:cn(x) = (1/n) * x * cn-1(x), for n>0, and c0(x) = 1. Let’s write a Python function to compute the Taylor series of the exponential function of order N. We will make it such that it only keeps two local variables.
We can compute the exponential function using the Taylor series as follows:
def exp_taylor(x, N):
sum = 1.0
term = 1.0
for n in range(1, N):
term *= x / n
sum += term
return sum
This function takes two arguments x and N, where x is the value for which the exponential function is to be computed, and N is the order of the Taylor series expansion. The function returns the sum of the Taylor series up to the Nth order.
Now, let’s make a plot of the convergence with N by comparing the result to numpy's evaluation of the exponential for some x. We can use the matplotlib library to make a plot.
The following code does this:
import numpy as npimport
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#define the values of x
N = 100
x = np.linspace(-5, 5, N+1)
#compute the exponential using the Taylor series
y_taylor = [exp_taylor(xi, N) for xi in x]
#compute the exponential using numpy
y_np = np.exp(x)
#make the plot
plt.plot(x, y_taylor, label='Taylor')
plt.plot(x, y_np, label='Numpy')plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')plt.legend()plt.show()
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Jennifer received a loan at 5% p.a. simple interest for 6 months. If he was charged an interest of $425.00 at the end of the period, what was the principal amount of the loan? Round to the nearest cent
Jennifer received a loan with a principal amount of approximately $4,250.00. Over a period of 6 months, she was charged an interest of $425.00 at a simple interest rate of 5% per annum.
To calculate the principal amount of the loan, we can use the formula for simple interest: I = P * r * t, where I is the interest, P is the principal amount, r is the interest rate, and t is the time period.
Given that the interest charged at the end of the period is $425.00 and the interest rate is 5% per annum, we need to convert the time period to years. Since the loan was for 6 months, we divide it by 12 to get the time in years.
So, t = 6 months / 12 months = 0.5 years.
Now, we can rearrange the formula to solve for P: P = I / (r * t).
Substituting the given values, we have P = $425.00 / (0.05 * 0.5) = $425.00 / 0.025 = $17,000.00.
Rounding to the nearest cent, the principal amount of the loan is $4,250.00.
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Uncle Clem has 5 bowling balls, 3 bowling shirts, 4 pairs of bowling shoes, and 8 bowling towels. To participate in a bowling tournament he must bring his own bowling ball, shirt, shoes, and towel. How many ways can he make his selection?
Uncle Clem can make his selection for the bowling tournament in 480 different ways by multiplying the number of choices for each item: bowling ball, shirt, shoes, and towel.
To determine the number of ways Uncle Clem can make his selection, we need to multiply the number of choices for each item together.
Number of choices for bowling ball = 5
Number of choices for bowling shirt = 3
Number of choices for bowling shoes = 4
Number of choices for bowling towel = 8
To find the total number of ways, we multiply these choices together:
Total number of ways = Number of choices for bowling ball * Number of choices for bowling shirt * Number of choices for bowling shoes * Number of choices for bowling towel
Total number of ways = 5 * 3 * 4 * 8
Total number of ways = 480
Therefore, Uncle Clem can make his selection in 480 different ways.
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Scores on a Math test were normally distributed with a mean of 67% and a standard deviation of 8. Use this information to determine the following:
About what percent of tests were below 75%?
About what percent of the test, scores were above 83%?
A failing grade on the test was anything 2 or more standard deviations below the mean. What was the cutoff for a failing score? Approximately what percent of the students failed?
About what percent of the students were below a 80%?
What percent of the students scored at least a 63% and at most a 83%?
What percent of the students scored at least a 60% and at most a 72%?
About 84.13% of the tests were below 75%.
About 15.87% of the test scores were above 83%.
The cutoff for a failing score is approximately 51%.
About 78.81% of the students were below 80%.
Approximately 60.79% of the students scored at least 63% and at most 83%
21.19 % of the students scored at least a 60% and 63.06% of the students scored at most a 72%
To answer the questions, we will use the properties of the normal distribution.
1. About what percent of tests were below 75%?
To find the percentage of tests below 75%, we need to calculate the cumulative probability up to 75% using the given mean and standard deviation. Using a standard normal distribution table or a calculator, we find the cumulative probability to be approximately 0.8413. Therefore, about 84.13% of the tests were below 75%.
2. About what percent of the test scores were above 83%?
To find the percentage of test scores above 83%, we calculate the cumulative probability beyond 83%. Using the mean and standard deviation, we find the cumulative probability to be approximately 0.1587. Therefore, about 15.87% of the test scores were above 83%.
3. A failing grade on the test was anything 2 or more standard deviations below the mean. What was the cutoff for a failing score? Approximately what percent of the students failed?
To determine the cutoff for a failing score, we need to find the value that is 2 standard deviations below the mean. From the given mean of 67% and standard deviation of 8%, we can calculate the cutoff as:
Cutoff = Mean - (2 * Standard Deviation)
= 67 - (2 * 8)
= 67 - 16
= 51
Therefore, the cutoff for a failing score is approximately 51%.
To find the percentage of students who failed, we need to calculate the cumulative probability below the cutoff score. Using the mean and standard deviation, we can find the cumulative probability below 51%. By referring to a standard normal distribution table or using a calculator, we find the cumulative probability to be approximately 0.0228. Therefore, approximately 2.28% of the students failed.
4. About what percent of the students were below 80%?
To find the percentage of students below 80%, we calculate the cumulative probability up to 80% using the mean and standard deviation. By referring to a standard normal distribution table or using a calculator, we find the cumulative probability to be approximately 0.7881. Therefore, about 78.81% of the students were below 80%.
5. What percent of the students scored at least a 63% and at most an 83%?
To find the percentage of students who scored between 63% and 83%, we need to calculate the cumulative probability between these two values. First, we find the cumulative probability up to 63% and up to 83%, and then subtract the former from the latter. Using the mean and standard deviation, we find the cumulative probabilities as follows:
Cumulative probability up to 63% ≈ 0.2334
Cumulative probability up to 83% ≈ 0.8413
Percentage of students scoring between 63% and 83% = Cumulative probability up to 83% - Cumulative probability up to 63%
= 0.8413 - 0.2334
≈ 0.6079
Therefore, approximately 60.79% of the students scored at least 63% and at most 83%.
6. What percent of the students scored at least 60% and at most 72%?
To find the percentage of students who scored between 60% and 72%, we calculate the cumulative probability between these two values. Using the mean and standard deviation, we find the cumulative probabilities as follows:
Cumulative probability up to 60% ≈ 0.2119
Cumulative probability up to 72% ≈ 0.6306
Percentage of students scoring between 60%
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A study conducted by the First Nations Information Governance Center (FNIGC) shows that in 2015, 45% of female members earned a post-secondary diploma or training1 . Determine the probability that among 5 randomly selected First Nation of Canada members, at least one will have earned a post-secondary diploma or training. Show or explain your thinking
The probability that among 5 randomly selected First Nation of Canada members, at least one will have earned a post-secondary diploma or training is 0.8336 or 83.36%.
Given that, A study conducted by the First Nations Information Governance Center (FNIGC) shows that in 2015, 45% of female members earned a post-secondary diploma or training.
To determine the probability that among 5 randomly selected First Nation of Canada members, at least one will have earned a post-secondary diploma or training.
Let P (earning a post-secondary diploma or training) = 45% = 0.45
And Q (not earning a post-secondary diploma or training) = 100% - 45% = 55% = 0.55
Let X be the number of First Nation of Canada members who have earned a post-secondary diploma or training among the 5 selected members.
So, P (X = 0) = (0.55)⁵ (as none of the 5 members have earned a post-secondary diploma or training)
Now, we can find the probability that at least one member will have earned a post-secondary diploma or training using the following formula:
P (at least 1 of 5 members has earned a post-secondary diploma or training) = 1 - P (none of 5 members have earned a post-secondary diploma or training)
P (at least 1 of 5 members has earned a post-secondary diploma or training) = 1 - P (X = 0)
P (at least 1 of 5 members has earned a post-secondary diploma or training) = 1 - (0.55)⁵
P (at least 1 of 5 members has earned a post-secondary diploma or training) = 1 - 0.16638
P (at least 1 of 5 members has earned a post-secondary diploma or training) = 0.8336
Therefore, the probability that among 5 randomly selected First Nation of Canada members, at least one will have earned a post-secondary diploma or training is 0.8336 or 83.36%.
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If the 95% confidence interval for the slope is between −5.3 and 12.1 then you are 95% confident that increasing x by 1 will increase y by between −5.3 and 12.1 Be careful with this question select all the correct options a. There is not strong evidence of a relationship b. The corresponding Pvalue will not be less than 0.05 c. There is evidence of a negative linear relationship d. The corresponding Pvalue will be less than 0.05 e. There is evidence of a positive linear relationship
Based on the given information, the correct options are:
b. The corresponding p-value will not be less than 0.05.
c. There is evidence of a negative linear relationship.
d. The corresponding p-value will be less than 0.05.
e. There is evidence of a positive linear relationship.
Since the confidence interval for the slope includes both positive and negative values (between -5.3 and 12.1), it indicates that there is no strong evidence of a specific direction of the relationship. However, since the confidence interval does not include zero, it suggests that there is evidence of a linear relationship, either positive or negative. The corresponding p-value will be less than 0.05, indicating statistical significance.
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It has been deteined that the cost of producing x units of a certain item is 8x+260. The demand function is given by p=D(x)=56−0.4x. Step 1 of 2: Find the revenue function. It has been deteined that the cost of producing x units of a certain item is 8x+260. The demand function is given by p=D(x)=56−0.4x. Step 2 of 2: Find the profit function.
The revenue function is given as R(x) = 56x − 0.4x². The profit function is given as P(x) = -0.4x² + 48x - 260.
Step 1 of 2: To find the revenue function, we will have to multiply the demand and the number of units of the item. The number of units is represented by x, and the demand function is given by p = D(x) = 56 − 0.4x.The revenue function can be defined as follows: Revenue = Price × Quantity. However, the price is equivalent to the demand function p = 56 − 0.4x; this is because the price that customers are willing to pay is determined by the demand. Also, the quantity produced is equivalent to x. Thus, we can replace price and quantity in the revenue function to give: Revenue = Price × Quantity= (56 − 0.4x) × x= 56x − 0.4x². The revenue function is given as R(x) = 56x − 0.4x².
Step 2 of 2Profit is equivalent to revenue less the cost of producing the items. Therefore, we can find the profit function by subtracting the cost function from the revenue function. Profit = Revenue − Cost. Since the revenue function is R(x) = 56x − 0.4x² and the cost function is C(x) = 8x + 260, we can write the profit function as follows: Profit = Revenue − Cost= R(x) − C(x)= (56x − 0.4x²) − (8x + 260)= 56x − 0.4x² − 8x − 260= -0.4x² + 48x - 260Therefore, the profit function is given as P(x) = -0.4x² + 48x - 260.
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A comparison of students’ High School GPA and Freshman Year GPA was made. The results were: First screenshot
Using this data, calculate the Least Square Regression Model and create a table of residual values. What do the residuals tell you about the data?
The Least Square Regression Model for predicting Freshman Year GPA based on High School GPA is Freshman Year GPA = -3.047 + 0.813 * High School GPA
Step 1: Calculate the means of the two variables, High School GPA (X) and Freshman Year GPA (Y). The mean of High School GPA is
=> (20+26+28+31+32+33+36)/7 = 29.
The mean of Freshman Year GPA is
=> (16+18+21+20+22+26+30)/7 = 21.14.
Step 2: Calculate the differences between each High School GPA value (X) and the mean of High School GPA (x), and similarly for Freshman Year GPA (Y) and its mean (y). Then, multiply these differences to obtain the products of (X - x) and (Y - y).
X x Y y (X - x) (Y - y) (X - x)(Y -y )
20 29 16 21.14 -9 -5.14 46.26
26 29 18 21.14 -3 -3.14 9.42
28 29 21 21.14 -1 -0.14 0.14
31 29 20 21.14 2 -1.14 -2.28
32 29 22 21.14 3 0.86 2.58
33 29 26 21.14 4 4.86 19.44
36 29 30 21.14 7 8.86 61.82
Step 3: Calculate the sum of (X - x)(Y - x), which is 137.48.
Step 4: Calculate the sum of the squared differences between each High School GPA value (X) and the mean of High School GPA (x).
Step 5: Calculate the sum of (X - x)², which is 169.
Step 6: Using the calculated values, we can determine the slope (b) and the y-intercept (a) of the regression line using the formulas:
b = Σ((X - x)(Y - y)) / Σ((X - x)^2)
a = x - b * x
b = 137.48 / 169 ≈ 0.813
a = 21.14 - 0.813 * 29 ≈ -3.047
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Complete Question:
A comparison of students' High School GPA and Freshman Year GPA was made. The results were
High School GPA Freshman Year GPA
20 16
26 18
28 21
31 20
32 22
33 26
36 30
Using this data, calculate the Least Square Regression Model and create a table of residual values What do the residuals tell you about the data?
Use quadratic regression to find the equation of a quadratic function that fits the given points. X 0 1 2 3 y 6. 1 71. 2 125. 9 89. 4.
The equation of the quadratic function that fits the given points is y = -5.2x² + 70.3x + 6.1.
The given table is
x y
0 6.1
1 71.2
2 125.9
3 89.4
Using a quadratic regression to fit the points in the given data set, we can determine the equation of the quadratic function.
To solve the problem, we will need to set up a system of equations and solve for the parameters of the quadratic function. Let a, b, and c represent the parameters of the quadratic function (in the form y = ax² + bx + c).
For the given data points, we can set up the following three equations:
6.1 = a(0²) + b(0) + c
71.2 = a(1²) + b(1) + c
125.9 = a(2²) + b(2) + c
We can then solve the equations simultaneously to find the three parameters a, b, and c.
The first equation can be written as c = 6.1.
Substituting this value for c into the second equation, we get 71.2 = a + b + 6.1. Then, subtracting 6.1 from both sides yields a + b = 65.1 -----(i)
Next, substituting c = 6.1 into the third equation, we get 125.9 = 4a + 2b + 6.1. Then, subtracting 6.1 from both sides yields 4a + 2b = 119.8 -----(ii)
From equation (i), a=65.1-b
Substitute a=65.1-b in equation (ii), we get
4(65.1-b)+2b = 119.8
260.4-4b+2b=119.8
260.4-119.8=2b
140.6=2b
b=140.6/2
b=70.3
Substitute b=70.3 in equation (i), we get
a+70.3=65.1
a=65.1-70.3
a=-5.2
We can now substitute the values for a, b, and c into the equation of a quadratic function to find the equation that fits the given data points:
y = -5.2x² + 70.3x + 6.1
Therefore, the equation of the quadratic function that fits the given points is y = -5.2x² + 70.3x + 6.1.
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c) The set of "magic" 3 by 3 matrices, which are characterized as follows. A 3 by 3 matrix is magic if the sum of the elements in the first row, the sum of the elements in the last row, the sum of the element in the first column, and the sum of the elements in the last column are all equal.
d) The set of 2 by 2 matrices that have a determinant equal to zero
The statement (c) is True. The set of "magic" 3 by 3 matrices forms a subspace of the vector space of all 3 by 3 matrices and the statement (d) False. The set of 2 by 2 matrices with determinant equal to zero does not form a subspace of the vector space of all 2 by 2 matrices.
(c) The set of "magic" 3 by 3 matrices forms a subspace since it satisfies the conditions of closure under addition and scalar multiplication. If we take two "magic" matrices and add them element-wise, the sums of the rows and columns will still be equal, resulting in another "magic" matrix. Similarly, multiplying a "magic" matrix by a scalar will preserve the equal sums of the rows and columns. Additionally, the set contains the zero matrix, as all the sums are zero. Hence, it forms a subspace.
(d) The set of 2 by 2 matrices with determinant equal to zero does not form a subspace. While it contains the zero matrix, it fails to satisfy closure under addition. When we add two matrices with determinant zero, the determinant of their sum may not be zero, violating the closure property required for a subspace. Therefore, the set does not form a subspace of the vector space of all 2 by 2 matrices.
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Suppose we have two candidate constructions Π1,Π2 of a cryptographic primitive, but we are not sure which of them is secure. A cryptographic combiner provides a way to use Π1 and Π2 to obtain a new construction Π such that Π is secure if at least one of Π1,Π2 is secure (without needing to know which of Π1 or Π2 is secure). Combiners can be used to "hedge our bets" in the sense that a future compromise of one of Π1 or Π2 would not compromise the security of Π. In this problem, we will study candidate combiners for different cryptographic primitives. (a) Let G1,G2 : {0,1} λ → {0,1} 3λ be arbitrary PRG candidates. Define the function G(s1,s2) := G1(s1) ⊕ G2(s2). Prove or disprove: if at least one of G1 or G2 is a secure PRG, then G is a secure PRG. (b) Let H1,H2 : {0,1} ∗ → {0,1} λ be arbitrary collision-resistant hash function candidates. Define the function H(x) := H1(H2(x)). Prove or disprove: if at least one of H1 or H2 is collision-resistant, then H is collision-resistant. (c) Let (Sign1 ,Verify1 ) and (Sign2 ,Verify2 ) be arbitrary MAC candidates2 . Define (Sign,Verify) as follows: • Sign((k1,k2),m): Output (t1,t2) where t1 ← Sign1 (k1,m) and t2 ← Sign2 (k2,m). • Verify((k1,k2),(t1,t2)): Output 1 if Verify1 (k1,m,t1) = 1 = Verify2 (k2,m,t2) and 0 otherwise. Prove or disprove: if at least one of (Sign1 ,Verify1 ) or (Sign2 ,Verify2 ) is a secure MAC, then (Sign,Verify) is a secure MAC.
The advantage of A in this case is negligible. So, adversary A has a negligible advantage, and therefore, G is a secure PRG. Since H1 is collision-resistant, the probability that A finds a collision is negligible. If at least one of H1 and H2 is collision-resistant, then it follows that H is collision-resistant. The adversary then outputs the forgery (k1, k2, m, t1, t2). So, if at least one of the MACs is secure, then the adversary can only succeed in the corresponding case above, and therefore, the probability of a successful attack is negligible.
(a) Let G1,G2 : {0,1} λ → {0,1} 3λ be arbitrary PRG candidates. Define the function G(s1,s2) := G1(s1) ⊕ G2(s2). Prove or disprove: if at least one of G1 or G2 is a secure PRG, then G is a secure PRG. Primitive refers to the various building blocks in Cryptography. A PRG (Pseudo-Random Generator) is a deterministic algorithm that extends a short random sequence into a long, pseudorandom one. The claim that if at least one of G1 or G2 is a secure PRG, then G is a secure PRG is true. Proof: Let A be an arbitrary adversary attacking the security of G. Let s be the seed used by G1 and G2 in the construction of G. The adversary can be broken down into two cases, as follows. Case 1: Adversary A has s1=s2=s. In this case, A can predict G1(s) and G2(s) and, therefore, can predict G(s1,s2). Case 2: The adversary A has s1≠s2. In this case, G(s1,s2)=G1(s1) ⊕ G2(s2) is independent of s and distributed identically to U(3λ). Therefore, the advantage of A in this case is negligible. So, adversary A has a negligible advantage, and therefore, G is a secure PRG.
(b) Let H1,H2 : {0,1} ∗ → {0,1} λ 1 are arbitrary collision-resistant hash function candidates. Define the function H(x) := H1(H2(x)). Prove or disprove: if at least one of H1 or H2 is collision-resistant, then H is collision-resistant. This claim is true, if at least one of H1 or H2 is collision-resistant, then H is collision-resistant. Proof: Suppose H1 is a collision-resistant hash function. Assume that there exists an adversary A that has a non-negligible probability of finding a collision in H. Then, we can construct an adversary B that finds a collision in H1 with the same probability. Specifically, adversary B simply takes the output of H2 and uses it as input to A. Since H1 is collision-resistant, the probability that A finds a collision is negligible. If at least one of H1 and H2 is collision-resistant, then it follows that H is collision-resistant.
(c) Let (Sign1 ,Verify1 ) and (Sign2 ,Verify2 ) be arbitrary MAC candidates. Define (Sign,Verify) as follows: • Sign((k1,k2),m): Output (t1,t2) where t1 ← Sign1 (k1,m) and t2 ← Sign2 (k2,m). • Verify((k1,k2),(t1,t2)): Output 1 if Verify1 (k1,m,t1) = 1 = Verify2 (k2,m,t2) and 0 otherwise. Prove or disprove: if at least one of (Sign1 ,Verify1 ) or (Sign2 ,Verify2 ) is a secure MAC, then (Sign,Verify) is a secure MAC. This claim is true, if at least one of (Sign1 ,Verify1 ) or (Sign2 ,Verify2 ) is a secure MAC, then (Sign,Verify) is a secure MAC. Proof: Consider an adversary that can forge a new message for (Sign,Verify). If we assume that the adversary knows the public keys for (Sign1, Verify1) and (Sign2, Verify2), we can break the adversary down into two cases. Case 1: The adversary can create a forgery for Sign1 and Verify1. In this case, the adversary creates a message (k1, m, t1) that passes Verify1 but hasn't been seen before. This message is then sent to the signer who outputs t2 = Sign2(k2, m).
The adversary then outputs the forgery (k1,k2, m, t1, t2). Case 2: The adversary can create a forgery for Sign2 and Verify2. In this case, the adversary creates a message (k2, m, t2) that passes Verify2 but hasn't been seen before. This message is then sent to the signer, who outputs t1 = Sign1(k1, m). The adversary then outputs the forgery (k1, k2, m, t1, t2). So, if at least one of the MACs is secure, then the adversary can only succeed in the corresponding case above, and therefore, the probability of a successful attack is negligible.
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Write an equation of the line that passes through the given two points. Write the equation in slope intercept form. 1. (4,1), (7,0)
The equation of the line in slope-intercept form is y = -1/3 x + 7/3.
To find the equation of the line that passes through the two given points, we will use the slope-intercept form of the linear equation, which is:
y = mx + b
where m is the slope of the line and b is the y-intercept.
To find the slope, we can use the formula:
m = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1)
where (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are the given points.
Using the points (4,1) and (7,0):
m = (0 - 1) / (7 - 4) = -1/3
Now that we have the slope, we can use either of the given points and the slope to find the y-intercept, b:
y = mx + b1 = (-1/3)(4) + bb = 1 + 4/3 = 7/3
Therefore, the equation of the line in slope-intercept form is:
y = -1/3 x + 7/3.
To verify that this equation passes through the given points, we can substitute each of the points into the equation and see if the resulting ordered pair satisfies the equation.
Using (4,1):
1 = -1/3(4) + 7/31
= -4/3 + 7/31
= 1, which verifies that (4,1) is a point on the line.
Using (7,0):
0 = -1/3(7) + 7/30
= -7/3 + 7/30
= 0,
which verifies that (7,0) is also a point on the line.
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PLEASE HELP
We are given f(x)=5 x^{2} and f^{\prime}(x)=10 x ta) Find the instantaneous rate of change of f(x) at x=2 . (b) Find the slope of the tangent to the graph of y=f(x) at
The instantaneous rate of change of f(x) at x=2 is 20. The slope of the tangent to the graph of y=f(x) at x=2 is 20.
(a) To find the instantaneous rate of change of f(x) at x=2, we need to evaluate the derivative of f(x) at x=2, which is the same as finding f'(x) at x=2.
Given that f'(x) = 10x, we substitute x=2 into the derivative:
f'(2) = 10(2) = 20.
Therefore, the instantaneous rate of change of f(x) at x=2 is 20.
(b) The slope of the tangent to the graph of y=f(x) at a specific point is given by the derivative of f(x) at that point. So, to find the slope of the tangent at x=2, we evaluate f'(x) at x=2.
Using the previously given derivative f'(x) = 10x, we substitute x=2:
f'(2) = 10(2) = 20.
Hence, the slope of the tangent to the graph of y=f(x) at x=2 is 20.
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