Flint Limited's ledger balances on December 31, 2020, include 15,000 outstanding preferred shares with a value of $315,000 and 38,000 outstanding common shares with a value of $2,698,000. The retained earnings balance is not provided in the information.The given information provides the balances for Flint Limited's preferred shares and common shares outstanding on December 31, 2020. It states that there are 15,000 preferred shares outstanding with a value of $315,000. This means that each preferred share has a par value of $21 ($315,000 / 15,000 shares).
Additionally, the information states that there are 38,000 common shares outstanding with a value of $2,698,000. This implies that each common share has a par value of approximately $71 ($2,698,000 / 38,000 shares).
However, the information does not provide the balance of retained earnings. Retained earnings represent the cumulative net income earned by the company since its inception, minus any dividends paid. It is an important component of the shareholders' equity section of the balance sheet.
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Which statement is true? a. 50% of tourists dine out when on vacation Ob. 75% of tourists dine out when on vacation c. Nearly 100% of tourists dine out when on vacation
It is difficult to pinpoint an exact percentage of tourists who dine out while on vacation. However, it is reasonable to assume that a substantial portion, likely between 50% and 75%, do opt to enjoy meals at restaurants and other dining establishments when traveling.
It is difficult to provide a definitive answer to your question, as the percentage of tourists who dine out while on vacation may vary based on factors such as location, culture, and individual preferences. However, it is reasonable to assume that a significant percentage of tourists do choose to dine out when traveling.
In many cases, dining out can be a key aspect of the vacation experience, allowing tourists to explore local cuisine, culture, and social atmosphere. Moreover, it may be more convenient for travelers to dine out, as they may not have access to cooking facilities or may prefer to focus on sightseeing and leisure activities rather than preparing meals.
While it is unlikely that nearly 100% of tourists dine out on vacation, given that some may opt for self-catering accommodations or have dietary restrictions, it is plausible that between 50% and 75% of tourists choose to dine out while traveling. This range accounts for the various factors that may influence a tourist's decision to eat out and acknowledges that not all travelers will have the same preferences or priorities.
In summary, it is difficult to pinpoint an exact percentage of tourists who dine out while on vacation. However, it is reasonable to assume that a substantial portion, likely between 50% and 75%, do opt to enjoy meals at restaurants and other dining establishments when traveling.
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please look carefully this question is different from other
questions
5. A quantity y is known to depend on another quantity x. A set of corresponding values has been collected for x and y as presented in the following table. Fit the best quadratic curve yax²+bx+c to t
A set of corresponding values has been collected for x and y as presented in the following table. Fit the best quadratic curve y=ax²+bx+c to the table. Below is the table :X 0 1 2 3 4 5Y 6 0 −4 −6 −4 0To find the quadratic curve of the above table, we need to follow the below.
Putting these values in the above formula, we get:−2 = a (1²) + b (3) ------------ (3)Solving equations (1), (2), and (3) for a, we get :a = −1Step 2: Find the value of b To find the value of b, we will use the below formula:Δy = aΔx² + bΔxUsing equation (1), we have:−6 = −1 (1²) + b (1)Solving the above equation for b, we get :b = −5So, the value of b is −5.Step 3: Find the value of c To find the value of c, we will use the below formula :y = ax² + b x + c Using the value of a, b and any one point, say (0, 6), we get:6 = −1 (0²) − 5 (0) + c Solving the above equation for c, we = 6So, the value of c is 6.Thus, the quadratic curve for the above table is given by :y = −1x² − 5x + 6The main answer for this question is :y = −1x² − 5x + 6The long answer is given below: A quadratic equation is a second-degree polynomial with three coefficients - a, b, and c. The general form of a quadratic equation is y = ax² + bx + c, where a, b, and c are constants. When we are given a set of data values, we can use the quadratic equation to fit the data values and predict the value of the dependent variable for any given value of the independent variable.
we have been given a set of values for x and y, and we need to fit the best quadratic curve y = ax² + bx + c to the data table. To find the best quadratic curve, we need to find the values of a, b, and c. To find these values, we need to use the following steps:Step 1: Find the value of a using the formula:Δy = aΔx² + bΔxHere, Δx = 1 (since the value of x is increasing by 1)Δy = y2 − y1 = (0) − (6) = −6Putting these values in the above formula, we get:−6 = a (1²) + b (1) ------------ (1)Also,Δy = y3 − y2 = (−4) − (0) = −4Putting these values in the above formula, we get:−4 = a (1²) + b (2) ------------ (2)Also,Δy = y4 − y3 = (−6) − (−4) = −2Putting these values in the above formula, we get:−2 = a (1²) + b (3) ------------ (3)Solving equations (1), (2), and (3) for a, we get:a = −1Step 2: Find the value of b using the formula:Δy = aΔx² + bΔxUsing equation (1), we have:−6 = −1 (1²) + b (1)Solving the above equation for b, we get:b = −5So, the value of b is −5.Step 3: Find the value of c using the formula:y = ax² + bx + cUsing the value of a, b and any one point, say (0, 6), we get:6 = −1 (0²) − 5 (0) + cSolving the above equation for c, we get:c = 6So, the value of c is 6.Thus, the quadratic curve for the above table is given by:y = −1x² − 5x + 6Thus, the explanation for this question is given above.
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Build a three-step CRR stock price tree using the following information: • maturity: 3 months, i.e. each step is one month annual volatility of the stock: 0.35 annual, continuously compounded risk-free rate: 1% • stock price today: 50 Note: it is most efficient to extend one of the spreadsheets discussed in the seminar. (a) What is the risk-neutral probability in the tree? Explain why the risk-neutral probability and not the real probability is used for option pricing. [ 5 marks] (b) Calculate the price of an American put option with strike K = 50. [10 marks] (c) You realise that during the last step in the tree the firm announces earnings. Assume that the stock is twice as volatile during this last step. What is the price of the American put option from (a) now? [10 marks] (d) The market is quoting a price of $4.50 for the put. What is the volatility during the final step in the tree that is in line with this price? [ 5 marks]
(a) The risk-neutral probability in the tree is calculated using the risk-free rate and the annual volatility of the stock. The risk-neutral probability is used for option pricing because it simplifies the valuation process by assuming that investors are risk-neutral and that the expected return on the stock is equal to the risk-free rate.
(b) The price of an American put option with a strike price of 50 can be calculated by working backward through the stock price tree and determining the option value at each node. The option value at each node is the maximum of the intrinsic value (the difference between the stock price and the strike price) and the expected value discounted at the risk-free rate.
(c) When the stock becomes twice as volatile during the last step, the price of the American put option changes. The updated stock price tree is constructed with the increased volatility, and the option value is calculated by working backward through the tree using the same methodology as in part (b).
(d) To determine the volatility during the final step that is in line with the market price of $4.50 for the put option, we can use an option pricing model, such as the Black-Scholes model, to solve for the implied volatility. By inputting the given option price, strike price, time to maturity, risk-free rate, and stock price, the implied volatility can be calculated.
(a) The risk-neutral probability in the tree is determined by the risk-free rate and the annual volatility of the stock. It is calculated using the formula: risk-neutral probability = (e^(risk-free rate * time interval) - d) / (u - d), where u and d are calculated based on the annual volatility. The risk-neutral probability is used for option pricing because it simplifies the valuation process by assuming that investors are risk-neutral and that the expected return on the stock is equal to the risk-free rate. This simplification allows for easier pricing and hedging of options.
(b) To calculate the price of an American put option with a strike price of 50, we construct a three-step CRR stock price tree. At each node, we calculate the option value by comparing the intrinsic value (maximum of 0 or strike price minus stock price) with the expected value discounted at the risk-free rate. We work backward through the tree to calculate the option value at each node until we reach the initial node. The final option value represents the price of the American put option.
(c) When the stock becomes twice as volatile during the last step, we need to update the stock price tree with the increased volatility. The same methodology as in part (b) is followed to calculate the price of the American put option. The difference is that we construct the tree using the updated volatility and calculate the option value at each node accordingly. By working backward through the tree, we determine the new price of the American put option.
(d) To determine the volatility during the final step that is in line with the market price of $4.50 for the put option, we can use an option pricing model such as the Black-Scholes model or numerical methods to solve for the implied volatility. By inputting the given option price, strike price, time to maturity, risk-free rate, and stock price into the model, we can calculate the implied volatility that matches the market price.
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Compare and contrast the entrepreneurial ecosystem of the United
States to that of Dominican Republic.
The entrepreneurial ecosystems of the United States and the Dominican Republic differ significantly due to various factors including economic development, institutional support, access to capital, regulatory environment, and cultural attitudes towards entrepreneurship.
Here is a comparison and contrast of the entrepreneurial ecosystems in both countries:
Economic Development:
United States: The U.S. has a highly developed and diversified economy with a robust entrepreneurial ecosystem. It is home to numerous successful startups and established companies across various industries.
Dominican Republic: The Dominican Republic has a developing economy with less diversification. The entrepreneurial ecosystem is still emerging, but the government has been making efforts to promote entrepreneurship and innovation.
Institutional Support:
United States: The U.S. has a well-established support system for entrepreneurs, including universities, research institutions, incubators, accelerators, and venture capital networks. The legal and regulatory framework is generally supportive of startups.
Dominican Republic: The institutional support for entrepreneurs in the Dominican Republic is comparatively limited. The government has taken steps to improve the ecosystem by establishing entrepreneurship programs and incubators, but more support is needed.
Access to Capital:
United States: The U.S. offers a wide range of funding options for entrepreneurs, including angel investors, venture capital firms, crowdfunding platforms, and robust capital markets. Access to capital is relatively easier due to the mature financial system.
Dominican Republic: Access to capital is a challenge in the Dominican Republic. The availability of venture capital and angel investors is limited, and traditional banks may be hesitant to provide funding to startups.
Regulatory Environment:
United States: The U.S. has a well-defined legal and regulatory framework for business operations. While regulations exist, they also provide opportunities for innovation and entrepreneurship.
Dominican Republic: The regulatory environment in the Dominican Republic can be complex and bureaucratic. Simplifying regulations and reducing administrative burdens could encourage entrepreneurship.
Cultural Attitudes:
United States: Entrepreneurship is highly valued in American culture, and there is a positive attitude towards risk-taking and innovation. Failure is often seen as a learning opportunity.
Dominican Republic: The cultural attitude towards entrepreneurship is evolving. Traditionally, stable employment has been favored, but there is a growing recognition of the importance of entrepreneurship and its potential for economic growth.
In summary, the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the United States is more mature and robust compared to that of the Dominican Republic. The U.S. benefits from a developed economy, strong institutional support, abundant access to capital, favorable regulatory environment, and a culture that celebrates entrepreneurship. On the other hand, the Dominican Republic is in the early stages of building its entrepreneurial ecosystem, with efforts being made to improve institutional support, access to capital, and the regulatory environment.
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Arthur Meiners is the production manager of Wheel Re, a small producer of metal parts Wheel-Rite supplies Cw Tax, a larger by company with 9.500 wheel bearings each year. This one has been able for some time to cost for Wheel Rote is $42, and holding coat is 50.50 per wheel bearing per year. Wheel-Rhe can produce 450 wheel bearings per day Cal. Text is asime manufacturer and requires that bearings be shipped to teachines day. a) What is the optimum production quantity? __ units
(round your response to the nearest whole number)
b) What is the maximum number of wheel bearings that will be in inventory at Wherl rite? __ units
(round your response to the nearest whole number)
c) how many production runs of wheel bearings will Wheel-rite have in a year ? __ runs
( round your response to two decimal places)
d) what is the total setup holding cost for wheel-rite ?__$
( round your response to two decimal places).
The total setup holding cost for Wheel-Rite is $280,250.00 = $19,900.00 rounded to the nearest hundred.
wheel bearings per year.b) The maximum number of wheel bearings that will be in inventory at Wheel-Rite is 3,000 units. This is so because the company can produce 450 wheel bearings per day, and Cw Tax requires that bearings be shipped to machines each day. So, in 7 days the company can produce 450 x 7 = 3,150 units, therefore, the maximum number of wheel bearings that will be in inventory is 3,000.c) The number of production runs of wheel bearings that Wheel-rite will have in a year is 21.1 runs.
This is because; 9,500/450 = 21.1.d) The total setup holding cost for Wheel-Rite will be $19,900. This is so because;Setup cost = ($50.50 - $42.00) = $8.50Holding cost = ($42.00/2) = $21.00Total cost per unit = Setup cost + Holding cost = $8.50 + $21.00 = $29.50Total setup holding cost = 9,500 units × $29.50 = $280,250.00
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a. suppose that the ca creates a certificate for . typically, the entire certificate would be encrypted with ’s public key. true or false?
It is true that when a certificate authority (CA) creates a certificate for a domain, the entire certificate is usually encrypted with the public key of that domain.
This ensures that the certificate can only be read by the domain it was issued for, and that any sensitive information included in the certificate, such as the domain's private key, is kept secure. This process is commonly used in SSL/TLS certificates, which are used to secure online transactions and protect sensitive data. By encrypting the certificate with the domain's public key, the CA ensures that only the domain can access the certificate and use it to establish secure connections.
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What determines if a consumer uses an extended decision making (cognitive) process? What would be an example of this type of consumer decision situation? What kind of consumer decisions are most frequently used? Discuss marking implications for habitual decisions vs. cognitive decisions?
Several factors determine whether a consumer will use an extended decision-making (cognitive) process:
1. High Involvement: When a purchase decision involves high personal or financial risk, consumers are more likely to engage in extended decision-making. Examples include buying a house, choosing a college, or purchasing a car.
2. Lack of Familiarity: If consumers are unfamiliar with a product or service, they are more likely to use cognitive processes to gather information, evaluate alternatives, and make a decision. For nce, buying a complex electronic gadget or exploring a new product category.
3. Importance of the Decision: When a decision is considered important, consumers tend to invest more cognitive effort in the decision-making process. This may include researching, comparing features, reading reviews, and seeking opinions from others.
An example of an extended decision-making situation is when a consumer is buying their first home. The decision involves a significant financial investment, long-term commitment, and the need to gather extensive information about various aspects such as location, price, mortgage s, and property conditions.
In contrast, consumers frequently make habitual decisions, also known as routine or low-involvement decisions, for products they have purchased repeatedly. These decisions require minimal cognitive effort as consumers have prior experience and established preferences. Examples include buying everyday groceries, toiletries, or household items.
From a marketing perspective, understanding the implications of habitual decisions versus cognitive decisions is crucial:
1. Habitual Decisions: Marketers can focus on creating brand loyalty, leveraging repeat purchases, and employing strategies like price promotions, product placement, and advertising to reinforce established habits.
2. Cognitive Decisions: Marketers should provide detailed information, emphasize product differentiation, highlight benefits, and utilize persuasive tactics such as endorsements, testimonials, and comparisons to influence consumer decision-making. They can also target consumers during the information search and evaluation stages by providing valuable content and engaging with them through various channels.
By recognizing the decision-making process and tailoring marketing efforts accordingly, companies can effectively reach and engage consumers, whether they are making habitual or cognitive decisions.
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(a) Suppose that the economy is characterised by the following equations:
C= 20 + 0.8Yd
I = 20
G = 80
T = 40
Where C is consumption, I is investment, G is government spending, Yd is disposable income and T denotes taxes. Note that values are in £.
Using the product market model, estimate:
(i) the multiplier
(ii) equilibrium GDP (Y)
(iii) disposable income (Yd)
(iv) consumption spending (C)
(b) Using the standard IS-LM model, discuss the effects of a decline in interest rate on output and its composition. Use appropriate diagrams for your answer.
(a) (i) MultiplierThe formula for the multiplier is given as follows:1 / (1 – MPC)where MPC is the marginal propensity to consume, which is 0.8 in this case.
Multiplier = 1/(1-0.8) = 5(ii) Equilibrium GDP (Y)The formula for equilibrium GDP is given as follows:Y = C + I + G + NXwhere NX = 0 (given)Y = C + I + G = 20 + 0.8Yd + 20 + 80Y = 120 + 0.8YdSolving for Y,Y = (120 + 0.8Yd)/0.2 = 600 + 4Yd(iii) Disposable income (Yd)The formula for disposable income is given as follows:Yd = Y – TA 40 tax means that T/Y = 40/YTherefore, Yd = Y – T = Y – (40/Y)Yd = Y – 40(iv) Consumption spending (C)C = 20 + 0.8Yd = 20 + 0.8(Y – 40) = 20 + 0.8Y – 32 = 0.8Y – 12
(b) The decline in interest rate will have the following effects on output and its composition:The decline in interest rates shifts the IS curve to the right as shown in the diagram below:Figure: Effects of a decline in interest rate on the IS curveDue to the shift in the IS curve, the new equilibrium level of output is higher than the initial equilibrium level of output. This is shown in the diagram below:Figure: Effects of a decline in interest rate on output and its compositionThe decline in interest rate increases investment (I), which increases output and decreases the interest rate. The decrease in interest rates also reduces the cost of borrowing, which increases consumption spending (C).The increase in output is the result of an increase in both consumption spending and investment spending.
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Milestone Schedule with Acceptance Criteria
You are part of a student team that is going to host a picnic-style party as a fundraiser event for a deserving local nonprofit. Develop a milestone schedule with acceptance criteria for this event. Include between four and eight milestones. Below is the milestone schedule with acceptance criteria template that you can use for this assignment.
MILSTONE ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE STAKEHOLDER(S) ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
CURRENT STATE
Milestone Schedule with Acceptance Criteria:
1. Event Concept and Planning
- Estimated Completion Date: [Date]
- Stakeholder(s): Student team, Event organizers
- Acceptance Criteria: Event concept and theme finalized, budget allocated, venue identified, and initial planning discussions held.
2. Vendor Selection
- Estimated Completion Date: [Date]
- Stakeholder(s): Student team, Event organizers
- Acceptance Criteria: Vendor research conducted, proposals received, and vendors selected for catering, entertainment, and equipment rental based on pricing, quality, and availability.
3. Marketing and Promotion
- Estimated Completion Date: [Date]
- Stakeholder(s): Student team, Event organizers, Local nonprofit
- Acceptance Criteria: Marketing materials designed and printed, social media campaigns initiated, press releases sent out, and ticket sales launched to generate awareness and interest among the community.
4. Fundraising and Sponsorship
- Estimated Completion Date: [Date]
- Stakeholder(s): Student team, Event organizers, Local nonprofit, Potential sponsors
- Acceptance Criteria: Fundraising efforts initiated, sponsorship packages created, and sponsorship agreements signed with local businesses or organizations to secure financial support for the event.
5. Event Setup and Logistics
- Estimated Completion Date: [Date]
- Stakeholder(s): Student team, Event organizers, Volunteers
- Acceptance Criteria: Event layout planned, necessary permits obtained, equipment and supplies procured, and logistical arrangements made for parking, seating, signage, and waste management.
6. Volunteer Coordination and Training
- Estimated Completion Date: [Date]
- Stakeholder(s): Student team, Event organizers, Volunteers
- Acceptance Criteria: Volunteer recruitment completed, volunteer roles assigned, training sessions conducted to ensure volunteers are familiar with their responsibilities, and communication channels established for seamless coordination during the event.
7. Event Execution
- Estimated Completion Date: [Date]
- Stakeholder(s): Student team, Event organizers, Volunteers, Local nonprofit, Attendees
- Acceptance Criteria: Event successfully conducted, all planned activities executed, attendees engaged and enjoying the event, fundraising goals met, and positive feedback received from attendees and stakeholders.
8. Post-Event Evaluation and Wrap-up
- Estimated Completion Date: [Date]
- Stakeholder(s): Student team, Event organizers, Local nonprofit
- Acceptance Criteria: Post-event evaluation conducted, feedback collected from attendees, financial reports prepared, cleanup and restoration completed, and final funds raised handed over to the local nonprofit.
By following this milestone schedule with acceptance criteria, the student team can ensure that each stage of the picnic-style party fundraiser event is well-planned, executed, and evaluated, leading to a successful outcome and achieving the desired objectives for the deserving local nonprofit.
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Suppose the following supply and demand curves govern the market for lungs: QS= 4,000 + P and QD= 10,000 –2P
A) Assume that individuals are allowed to sell their lungs. Graph the supply and demand curves and calculate the equilibrium price and quantity. Identify graphically and calculate total surplus. B) What is the numerical change in consumer surplus in going from a situation in which the sale of lungs is permitted to one in which it is prohibited? Is there a gain or loss in consumer surplus?
C) What is the numerical change in producer surplus in going from a situation in which the sale of lungs is permitted to one in which it is prohibited? Is there a gain or loss in consumer surplus?
D) What is the numerical deadweight loss created by prohibiting the sale of lungs?
A) Graphing the supply and demand curves:QS = 4,000 + PQD = 10,000 - 2PAt equilibrium, QD = QS10,000 - 2P = 4,000 + P6,000 = 3P2,000 = PSolving for P:P = 2,000/3 = 666.67At equilibrium, Q = QD = QS = 10,000 - 2(666.67) = 8,666.67.
Graphing the supply and demand curves, the following figure can be constructed: Total surplus at equilibrium is equal to the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus. To calculate consumer surplus, the area below the demand curve and above the price is found. This is given by the following expression:CS = 1/2(10,000 - 666.67)(666.67) = $3,333,335.56To calculate producer surplus, the area above the supply curve and below the price is found. This is given by the following expression:PS = 1/2(666.67)(4,000) = $1,333,340.00Total surplus is equal to consumer surplus plus producer surplus:TS = CS + PS = $3,333,335.56 + $1,333,340.00 = $4,666,675.56B) Numerical change in consumer surplus is found by calculating the area between the original demand curve and the new demand curve at the original equilibrium price. Since the sale of lungs is prohibited, the quantity demanded at the original equilibrium price is zero. Therefore, the new demand curve is simply the vertical axis at the original equilibrium price. The change in consumer surplus is given by the following expression:ΔCS = 1/2(666.67)(10,000 - 666.67) = $3,166,675.56The numerical change in consumer surplus is equal to the original consumer surplus minus the new consumer surplus.
Since the new consumer surplus is zero, the change is equal to the negative of the original consumer surplus. Therefore, the numerical change in consumer surplus is:ΔCS = -$3,333,335.56C) Numerical change in producer surplus is found by calculating the area between the original supply curve and the new supply curve at the original equilibrium price. Since the sale of lungs is prohibited, the quantity supplied at the original equilibrium price is zero. Therefore, the new supply curve is simply the horizontal axis at the original equilibrium quantity. The change in producer surplus is given by the following expression:ΔPS = 1/2(8,666.67)(666.67 - 4,000) = -$1,222,222.23The numerical change in producer surplus is equal to the new producer surplus minus the original producer surplus. Since the new producer surplus is zero, the change is equal to the negative of the original producer surplus. Therefore, the numerical change in producer surplus is:ΔPS = -$1,333,340.00 + $111,117.77 = -$1,222,222.23D) The deadweight loss is equal to the reduction in total surplus due to the prohibition on the sale of lungs. The reduction in total surplus is equal to the sum of the reduction in consumer surplus and the reduction in producer surplus. Therefore, the deadweight loss is equal to:DWL = -$3,166,675.56 - $1,222,222.23DWL = -$4,388,897.79Therefore, the numerical deadweight loss created by prohibiting the sale of lungs is $4,388,897.79.
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the national football league has long-term leases with the stadiums in major cities. control of these stadiums is an entry barrier to a potential new football league.
t
f
The National Football League (NFL) has long-term leases with the stadiums in major cities. The given statement is True.
These long-term leases provide an entry barrier to a potential new football league as the control of these stadiums is already taken by the NFL. To clarify, an entry barrier is a barrier that a company must overcome to enter a market. Barriers can take on various forms such as patents, technology, economies of scale, or other similar items. In the case of the NFL, the barrier to entry is control of the stadiums in major cities.
By having long-term leases in place, it is unlikely that another league would be able to gain access to these stadiums as the NFL has already secured control of them. In conclusion, the given statement is true. The long-term leases with the stadiums in major cities serve as an entry barrier to a potential new football league as control of these stadiums is already taken by the NFL.
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FILL THE BLANK. "Question 11
______ refer(s) to seeing or hearing what we
anticipate.
Generalizing
Assumptions
Stereotyping
Expectations
Question 12
______ is also known as the compromising
sty"
Expectations refer to seeing or hearing what we anticipate.
Question 12: The compromising style of conflict resolution is also known as the "middle ground" or "give and take" style.
Question 11: Expectations refer to seeing or hearing what we anticipate. Expectations can be either positive or negative, and they play a critical role in our perception of people, situations, and the world in general. They are also closely related to confirmation bias, which is our tendency to seek out information that confirms our pre-existing beliefs or expectations.Question 12: The compromising style of conflict resolution is also known as the "middle ground" or "give and take" style. This approach involves seeking a solution that is acceptable to all parties involved, even if it means compromising on some of your own preferences or goals. The compromising style is often used when the stakes are relatively low and both parties are willing to make concessions in order to reach an agreement. This style can be effective in situations where cooperation is essential, but it may not work well in situations where there are fundamental differences or high emotions involved. In conclusion, the term expectations refers to seeing or hearing what we anticipate, while the compromising style of conflict resolution involves seeking a solution that is acceptable to all parties involved by compromising on some of your own preferences or goals.
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Define the following terms (instead of googling, please refer to the key terms section on page 184 in chapter 7 of the textbook): a. Compound growth rate b. Human capital d. Labor productivity e. Physical capital f. Special economic zone g. Technological change
Compound growth rate refers to the exponential increase over time, human capital represents the skills and knowledge of the workforce, labor productivity measures output per unit of labor, physical capital refers to productive assets, special economic zones are designated areas with incentives for economic development, and technological change encompasses advancements in technology and processes.
a.Compound growth rate: The compound growth rate refers to the rate at which a quantity increases over time, taking into account both the initial value and the accumulated growth. It considers the compounding effect, where the growth rate is applied to the increasing base value, resulting in exponential growth.
b. Human capital: Human capital refers to the knowledge, skills, education, training, and experience possessed by individuals in the labor force. It represents the productive abilities and qualities of the workforce, which contribute to their economic productivity and potential to generate income and contribute to economic growth.
d. Labor productivity: Labor productivity measures the amount of output produced per unit of labor input, typically measured as output per hour worked or output per worker. It reflects the efficiency and effectiveness with which labor is utilized in the production process, and higher labor productivity is generally associated with increased economic output.
e. Physical capital: Physical capital refers to the stock of productive assets such as machinery, equipment, buildings, infrastructure, and technology that are used in the production of goods and services. It represents the tangible resources and tools that enhance the productivity and efficiency of labor and contribute to economic growth.
f. Special economic zone: A special economic zone (SEZ) is a designated geographic area within a country that is subject to special economic regulations and incentives to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) and promote economic development. SEZs typically offer benefits such as tax breaks, customs facilitation, relaxed regulations, and infrastructure support to attract businesses and stimulate economic activity.
g. Technological change: Technological change refers to advancements and improvements in technology, processes, and techniques used in production and innovation. It involves the development and adoption of new technologies, machinery, equipment, and organizational practices that enhance productivity, efficiency, and the quality of goods and services.
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Explain paid-in capital and list the reasons for a possible
increase in paid-in capital.
Paid-in capital, also known as contributed capital or share capital, refers to the amount of capital that a company raises from its shareholders in exchange for issuing stock. It represents the total amount of equity contributed by the shareholders to the company.
Paid-in capital can increase for several reasons:
Initial Public Offering (IPO): When a company goes public, it can issue shares to the public for the first time, raising capital from investors. The funds received from the sale of these shares increase the paid-in capital of the company.
Additional Stock Issuance: A company may choose to issue additional shares to existing shareholders or new investors to raise additional capital. This can be done through rights offerings, private placements, or public offerings. The proceeds from these additional stock issuances increase the paid-in capital.
Stock-based Compensation: Some companies offer stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), or other forms of equity compensation to their employees. When employees exercise their stock options or receive shares as part of their compensation, the paid-in capital increases.
Convertible Securities: If a company issues convertible securities such as convertible bonds or preferred stock, and these securities are later converted into common stock, the paid-in capital increases.
Contributions in-kind: Sometimes, shareholders may contribute assets other than cash to the company, such as property, equipment, or intellectual property, in exchange for shares. The fair value of these non-cash assets is recorded as an increase in paid-in capital.
These are some of the common reasons for an increase in paid-in capital. It represents the amount of capital that shareholders have directly invested in the company, and it plays a crucial role in determining the financial strength and equity ownership of the company.
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An engineering student decides to accumulate $500,000 by her sixty-fifth birthday. She ex- pects to start by investing a certain amount, C, on her twenty-third birthday and then increase the payment by 10 percent each year. She feels she can safely invest her funds at 12 percent compounded. (a) How much should her initial investment, C, be? (b) n for this problem is years. B
the initial investment amount, C, should be approximately $33,416.73.
(b) "n" in this problem refers to the number of years, which is 42.
To determine the initial investment amount, C, we can use the formula for the future value of an annuity:
[tex]FV = C * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r[/tex]
Where:
FV is the desired future value ($500,000),
r is the interest rate (12% or 0.12),
n is the number of years (65 - 23 = 42).
(a) Plugging these values into the formula, we can solve for C:
$500,000 = C * [(1 + 0.12)^42 - 1] / 0.12
Simplifying the equation:
$500,000 = C * [14.9738232]
Dividing both sides by 14.9738232:
C = $500,000 / 14.9738232
Therefore, the initial investment amount, C, should be approximately $33,416.73.
(b) "n" in this problem refers to the number of years, which is 42.
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TRUE / FALSE. Businesses today do NOT need to focus on their processes and connect improvements to meet strategic needs to be more competitive. True False Question 18 (1 point) Visual management is the bedrock of excellence to adhere to jidoka. True False Question 19 (1 point) If each learning cycle is kept small and bounded, then the learner can make mistakes and the consequences will not be severe, thus increasing the learner's wiliness to take risks and learn by doing. True False
Businesses today need to focus on their processes and connect improvements to meet strategic needs to be more competitive. In a rapidly changing business environment, companies must continuously improve their processes to keep up with the competition. False
This means identifying areas of inefficiency, streamlining workflows, and automating processes to increase efficiency and reduce costs. By focusing on their processes and connecting improvements to meet strategic needs, businesses can become more competitive and better able to meet the needs of their customers.
Visual management is the bedrock of excellence to adhere to jidoka. Visual management involves the use of visual aids such as charts, graphs, and diagrams to help teams better understand the flow of work, identify bottlenecks, and track progress. By making the work visible, teams can quickly identify problems and take action to address them, leading to higher quality and greater efficiency.
If each learning cycle is kept small and bounded, then the learner can make mistakes and the consequences will not be severe, thus increasing the learner's willingness to take risks and learn by doing. This approach, known as agile learning, emphasizes small, iterative cycles of learning that allow learners to experiment, make mistakes, and learn from their experiences. By keeping the cycles small and bounded, the consequences of failure are minimized, making learners more willing to take risks and experiment with new approaches. This can lead to more rapid learning and greater innovation within the organization.
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Evaluate how elasticity can cause shifts in demand and supply.
Thoroughly please
When demand or supply is elastic (PED/PES > 1), a small change in price leads to a proportionately larger change in quantity demanded or supplied, resulting in shifts in the respective curves. Inelastic demand or supply (PED/PES < 1) leads to smaller changes in quantity for a given change in price, causing slight shifts in the curves. Unitary elastic demand or supply (PED/PES = 1) results in proportional shifts.
Elasticity affects the behavior of demand and supply curves in response to price changes. Elastic demand occurs when a change in price leads to a relatively larger change in quantity demanded. This causes the demand curve to shift to the right or left, depending on whether the price decreases or increases. In contrast, inelastic demand refers to a smaller change in quantity demanded for a given price change, resulting in slight shifts in the demand curve. Unitary elastic demand reflects proportionate shifts in the curve.
Similarly, elastic supply occurs when a change in price leads to a relatively larger change in quantity supplied, causing the supply curve to shift accordingly. Inelastic supply refers to smaller changes in quantity supplied for a given price change, resulting in slight shifts in the supply curve. Unitary elastic supply reflects proportionate shifts in the curve.
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Crane Company purchased a new machine on October 1, 2022, at a cost of $90,080. The company estimated that the machine has a salvage value of $8,560. The machine is expected to be used for 71,400 working hours during its 8-year life.
Compute the depreciation expense under the straight-line method for 2022 and 2023, assuming a December 31 year-end.
The depreciation expense under the straight-line method. $Enter a dollar amount for year 2022 ________________. Enter a dollar amount for year 2023 __________________
The depreciation expense under the straight-line method for 2022 is $10,190 and for 2023 is also $10,190.
To calculate the depreciation expense under the straight-line method, we need to determine the depreciable base and divide it by the useful life of the machine.
The depreciable base is the cost of the machine minus its salvage value. In this case:
Depreciable base = Cost - Salvage value
Depreciable base = $90,080 - $8,560
Depreciable base = $81,520
Since the machine was purchased on October 1, 2022, and assuming a December 31 year-end, the machine was used for 3 months in 2022 and the remaining 12 months in 2023.
To calculate the depreciation expense for each year:
Depreciation expense for 2022:
Depreciation expense = (Depreciable base / Useful life) x Months of usage
Depreciation expense = ($81,520 / 8 years) x 3/12
Depreciation expense = $10,190
Depreciation expense for 2023:
Depreciation expense = (Depreciable base / Useful life) x Months of usage
Depreciation expense = ($81,520 / 8 years) x 12/12
Depreciation expense = $10,190
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The following transactions occurred at Slinky Inc., a retail toy store, which uses a perpetual inventory system:
July 1
July 3
merchandise cost $25 each and the credit terms were 4/10,n/30. The shipping
costs, paid separately in cash to the shipping company by Slinky, were $500
under the terms FOB Shipping. Slinky received the inventory on July 3 rd.
July 4
July 6
July 7
July 8
July 17
July 30
July 31
Slinky established a petty cash fund for $500.
Slinky purchased 100 units of inventory from a supplier on credit. The
Slinky returned 10 units of inventory from the July 3
rd
transaction to the
supplier. No shipping costs were incurred with the return.
Slinky sold 30 of the units purchased on July 3
rd
for $45 each to customers for
cash.
Slinky accepted a return of 1 unit of inventory from a July 6
th
customer for a
cash refund.
Slinky paid the supplier for the inventory purchased on July 3
rd
less the returns
made on July 4
th
.
Slinky used $150 out of petty cash to pay for a business lunch (meeting
expense), along with an additional $25 for parking (parking expense).
Slinky purchased 100 more units of inventory from a different supplier on
credit. The merchandise cost $30 each and no credit terms were granted. The
shipping costs were $600 under the terms FOB destination and Slinky received
the inventory on August 5
th
.
Slinky replenished petty cash.
Using the space provided below and on the next page, record the appropriate journal entries for these transactions with the appropriate date (no journal entry description is required). Include only journal entries that relate to July business. If no journal entry is needed, write the transaction date and "NO ENTRY".
The provided information describes several transactions that occurred at Slinky Inc., a retail toy store. The transactions include inventory purchases, sales, returns, petty cash establishment and replenishment, and expenses related to shipping and business meetings.
To accurately record the journal entries for the transactions, we need to analyze each transaction and identify the appropriate accounts to be debited and credited. Here is a breakdown of the journal entries for the given transactions:
July 1: No entry is required since it only provides information about the merchandise cost and credit terms.
July 3: Debit Merchandise Inventory for the cost of 100 units ($25 each) and credit Accounts Payable for the same amount to record the purchase from the supplier.
July 4: Debit Accounts Payable for the cost of 10 returned units ($25 each) and credit Merchandise Inventory for the same amount to reflect the return to the supplier.
July 6: Debit Cash for the cash refund provided to the customer and credit Sales Returns and Allowances for the same amount to account for the returned unit.
July 7: Debit Accounts Payable for the cost of the remaining 90 units ($25 each) and credit Merchandise Inventory for the same amount to record the payment to the supplier.
July 8: Debit Petty Cash for the expenses incurred ($150 for business lunch and $25 for parking) and credit Cash for the same amount to replenish the petty cash fund.
July 17: No entry is required.
July 30: No entry is required.
July 31: No entry is required.
The remaining transactions that occur after July should not be included in the journal entries for July business.
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Should you set up specific time allocations/expectations for each employee (e.g. an employee is responsible for marketing 60% of the time, and sales the remaining 40%)? If so, how would you monitor the percentages?
Yes, it is recommended to set up specific time allocations/expectations for each employee.
This would help to ensure that all necessary tasks are being completed, and would also help employees to understand what is expected of them in terms of time management. For example, an employee might be responsible for marketing 60% of the time and sales the remaining 40%.There are a few different ways that you could monitor these percentages. One option would be to use time tracking software to keep track of the amount of time each employee is spending on different tasks. This would allow you to easily see how much time each employee is spending on marketing versus sales, and would also allow you to identify any issues with time management.Another option would be to have regular check-ins with employees to discuss their progress and make sure that they are on track with their time allocations. This could be done on a weekly or monthly basis, depending on the needs of the organization. During these check-ins, employees could provide updates on their progress and discuss any challenges they are facing with time management.In addition to monitoring time allocations, it is also important to provide employees with the resources and support they need to be successful in their roles. This might include providing training and development opportunities, offering flexible work arrangements, and providing feedback and guidance on their performance. By setting clear expectations and providing the necessary support, you can help to ensure that each employee is able to meet their time allocations and contribute to the overall success of the organization.
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Fairchild Garden Supply expects $610 million of sales this year, and it forecasts a 18% increase for next year. The CFO uses this equation to forecast inventory requirements at different levels of sales: Inventories = $30.2 +0.23(Sales). All dollars are in millions. What is the projected inventory turnover ratio for the coming year?
The projected inventory turnover ratio can be calculated by dividing the cost of goods sold (COGS) by the average inventory.
First, we need to calculate the COGS. The COGS can be estimated as a percentage of sales. Let's assume the COGS is 75% of the sales.
COGS = 0.75 * $610 million = $457.5 million
Next, we can calculate the average inventory using the projected sales and the equation provided:
Inventories = $30.2 + 0.23(Sales)
Inventories = $30.2 + 0.23($610 million)
Inventories = $30.2 + $140.3 million
Inventories = $170.5 million
Now, we can calculate the projected inventory turnover ratio:
Inventory turnover ratio = COGS / Average Inventory
Inventory turnover ratio = $457.5 million / $170.5 million
Inventory turnover ratio ≈ 2.684
Therefore, the projected inventory turnover ratio for the coming year is approximately 2.684.
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What is the role of the following people in planning and
managing an event:
Venue Manager
Stage Manager
Entertainers
Security Manager
Catering Manager
The role of various individuals in planning and managing an event includes the venue manager, stage manager, entertainers, security manager, and catering manager. Each person plays a crucial role in ensuring the success and smooth execution of the event.
The venue manager is responsible for overseeing all aspects related to the event venue. They handle bookings, logistics, and coordination with other event professionals. Their role involves ensuring the venue meets the event requirements, managing facilities, and addressing any issues that may arise during the event.
The stage manager is responsible for the technical aspects of the event, including coordinating the setup and operation of audio, lighting, and stage equipment. They work closely with the performers and production team to ensure smooth transitions and timely execution of performances.
Entertainers are the focal point of the event, whether they are musicians, speakers, or performers. They are responsible for engaging the audience and delivering their respective acts or presentations as planned.
The security manager plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety and security of attendees, staff, and performers. They develop security plans, coordinate with local authorities, manage crowd control, and respond to any emergencies or incidents that may occur.
The catering manager oversees all aspects of food and beverage services during the event. They handle menu planning, and coordination with vendors, and ensure the smooth delivery of food and drinks to attendees.
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You are an HR associate tasked with coming up with a new selection process for cashiers at the grocery store from the previous question. 1. What assessment methods would you recommend and why? (3-4 sentences) 2. How would you be able to show the utility (added value) of the assessment methods you choose? (1-2 sentences)
1. Assessment methods I recommend for the new selection process for cashiers at the grocery store includes using both the Cognitive Ability Test (CAT) and the Structured Interview method.
Cognitive Ability Test helps to assess the potential of the candidates and their ability to learn on the job. The structured interview method is useful in assessing skills that can’t be measured through the cognitive ability test, such as experience and interpersonal skills.2. To show the utility of the assessment methods, I would develop a benchmark, which is a target level for each method.
I would then measure the effectiveness of each assessment method to see how well they achieve the target level set. This data would show the added value or utility of each assessment method, and will be used to decide which method is more effective.
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NYC Company has the following stocks in its portfolio of equity securities (trading) on December 31, 2021:
6,000 shares of Shapiro Corp. Common stock, cost = $25 per share, fair value= $23 per share
11,000 shares of Gena corp. Common stock, cost = $16 per share, fair value =$17 per share
1. Prepare the year end adjusting journal entry for the fair value adjustment
All of the securities had been purchased in 2021. In 2022, NYC had the following securities transactions:
April 1 Sold all the shares of Shapiro Corp., for $24 each, less fees of $1,000.
July 10 Bought 1,600 shares of Salamon Stores, for $40 plus fees of $575.
2. Prepare the journal entries for the 2 stock transactions in 2022
At 12/31/2022, the Gena stock has a fair value of $19 per share, and the Salamon Stores stock has a fair value of $35 per share.
3. Show the portfolio of Ehrlich Corp securities at 12/31/2022 and prepare the year end fair value adjustment.
Year-end adjusting journal entry for fair value adjustment: Debit: Unrealized Loss on Shapiro Corp. Common Stock - Trading, Debit: Unrealized Gain on Gena Corp. Common Stock - Trading, Credit: Fair Value Adjustment - Trading
1. Prepare the year-end fair value adjustment journal entry:
Equity Adjustment:
Debit: Unrealized Loss on Shapiro Corp. Common Stock—Trading ($25 - $23) x 6,000 shares
Debit: Unrealized Gain on Gena Corp. Common Stock—Trading ($17 - $16) x 11,000 shares
Credit: FVA-Trading
2. Journalize the two 2022 stock transactions:
April 1:
Cash ($24–$1,000)
Debit: Fees
$25 x 6,000 Shapiro Corp. Common Stock
July 10: Debit: Salamon Stores Common Stock ($40 x 1,600 shares) + Fees Credit: Cash
3. Show Ehrlich Corp. securities on 12/31/2022 and calculate the year-end fair value adjustment:
12/31/2022 Ehrlich Corp. portfolio:
11,000 Gena Corp. common shares
Salamon Stores 1,600 Common Stock
Equity Adjustment:
Debit: Gena Corp. Common Stock Unrealized Loss - Trading ($17 - $19) x 11,000 shares
Debit: Unrealized Gain on Salamon Stores Common Stock—Trading ($40 - $35) x 1,600 shares
Credit: FVA-Trading
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The Cultural Context of IHRM
Establishing a branch of a family business in China
A family-owned carbon steel company from Germany has extended its business to Hong Kong. The owners bought a small traditional Chinese firm and decided to copy the successful structure they had developed at home. This structure was headed by three general managers who equally shared the responsibilities for the business activities of the firm. The consequences were as follows:
1. The Chinese employees were assigned tasks by people they had never seen before and whom they did not understand. Many misunderstandings occurred, and some were quite costly. 2. The employees back in Europe were only concerned with whether the assigned tasks were completed and did not consider any other obligations to the Chinese employees, such as taking care of the relationship with the Chinese government, banks, etc.
3. Eventually, the local employees became frustrated and were ready to leave the company. The result was that the management model was changed again and a single managing director of the subsidiary was accountable for all business activities in Hong Kong.
The cultural context of International Human Resource Management (IHRM) was not adequately considered in the case of establishing a branch of the family business in China. The adoption of the German management structure, where three general managers shared equal responsibilities, clashed with the cultural norms and expectations of the Chinese employees. This led to misunderstandings, costly mistakes, and frustration among the local employees.
Cultural context plays a crucial role in IHRM, as it encompasses the values, beliefs, and behaviors of a particular society. In this case, the hierarchical nature of Chinese business culture was disregarded, where clear lines of authority and respect for authority figures are important. The assignment of tasks by unfamiliar managers created confusion and hindered effective communication.
Furthermore, the European employees' focus solely on task completion without considering the broader obligations to the Chinese employees reflected a lack of understanding of the Chinese business environment. Relationship building and maintaining connections with government entities and banks are crucial in China, and neglecting these responsibilities can have significant consequences.
The failure to consider the cultural context of IHRM in this scenario resulted in misunderstandings, frustration, and a potential loss of valuable employees. To avoid such issues, it is essential for organizations to conduct thorough cultural research and adapt their management models accordingly when expanding into different cultural contexts. In this case, the decision to appoint a single managing director who could navigate the local business environment and build relationships proved to be a more appropriate solution. Understanding and respecting cultural differences is vital for successful international business operations.
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To ensure cost-effective design choices, develop alternative conceptual solutions, select the best components and technologies and help in design assessment, suppliers can assist in new product design and development through Early Supplier Involvement (ESI). Select one: O True O False
True. To ensure cost-effective design choices, develop alternative conceptual solutions, select the best components and technologies and help in design assessment, suppliers can assist in new product design and development through Early Supplier Involvement (ESI).
Early supplier involvement (ESI) is a method that firms use to collaborate with suppliers to develop innovative, low-cost goods and services that meet or surpass customer expectations. ESI involves including suppliers in the product development process as early as feasible.
The purpose of early supplier involvement is to promote a collaborative relationship with suppliers to develop new goods that are designed to be less expensive, have higher quality, and reach the market faster.
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Explain how an option holder gains from an increase in the
volatility of the underlying stock price.
When it comes to options trading, the option holder benefits from an increase in the volatility of the underlying stock price. When the stock price becomes more volatile, the holder of the option may gain in two ways - through the main answer or the detailed answer. Here is a breakdown of how the option holder gains from an increase in the volatility of the underlying stock price.
The option holder benefits from an increase in the volatility of the underlying stock price, as follows:
When the underlying stock price becomes more volatile, there is a greater chance that the price of the stock will rise above the strike price of the option. This increases the value of the option for the holder and allows them to sell it for a profit. For instance, if an option holder owns a call option, and the price of the underlying stock goes up due to a sudden increase in volatility, they may benefit from an increase in the value of the option. Conversely, if the stock price falls below the strike price, the option holder will lose money on the option.
The option holder benefits from an increase in the volatility of the underlying stock price through, as follows:
When the price of a stock becomes more volatile, it implies that there is an increased likelihood that the price of the stock will move in one direction or the other. This means that there is a greater probability of a significant price movement. In options trading, volatility is referred to as implied volatility, which is the price of an option as implied by the market. When the implied volatility of an option increases, so does the price of the option. This increase in the price of the option allows the holder to benefit from an increase in the volatility of the underlying stock price.
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On January 1, Aya,
Becca, Celia, and Divina, formed Fab Trading, a local partnership,
with capital contributions of ₱50,000, ₱25,000, ₱25,000, and
₱20,000, respectively. The articles of co-par
On January 1, Aya, Becca, Celia, and Divina formed a local partnership named Fab Trading. According to the articles of co-partnership, the capital contributions made by Aya, Becca, Celia, and Divina were Php 50,000, Php 25,000, Php 25,000, and Php 20,000, respectively.
Hence, the total capital contributed by the four partners is Php 120,000.The division of profit and losses between the partners of the firm would be based on their capital contributions. The articles of co-partnership would have clauses regarding the division of profits and losses among the partners. In the case of Fab Trading, we don't know the distribution of profits and losses. But, it is customary in a partnership to distribute the profits and losses based on the capital contribution of each partner.In the case of dissolution of the partnership, the capital contributions of each partner would be returned after the partnership's debts are paid off. The articles of co-partnership would have the clauses regarding the dissolution of the partnership. Each partner would be entitled to their respective share of the remaining capital after the debts of the firm are settled.
In conclusion, Fab Trading was formed on January 1, with Aya, Becca, Celia, and Divina contributing Php 50,000, Php 25,000, Php 25,000, and Php 20,000, respectively, towards the capital of the firm. The division of profits and losses and dissolution of the partnership would be as per the clauses in the articles of co-partnership.
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Cost Concept On February 3, McCade Repair Service extended an offer of $100,000 for land that had been priced for sale at $114,000. On February 28, McCade Repair Service accepted the seller's counteroffer of $109,000. On October 23, the land was assessed at a value of $164,000 for property tax purposes. On January 15 of the next year, McCade Repair Service was offered $174,000 for the land by a national retail chain. At what value should the land be recorded in McCade Repair Service's records?
$ 174,000 X
The land should be recorded at a value of $174,000 in McCade Repair Service's records.
The cost concept in accounting states that assets should be recorded at their historical cost, which is the amount of cash or cash equivalents paid or the fair value of other consideration given to acquire the asset at the time of its acquisition. In this case, the land was initially offered at $100,000, but the counteroffer of $109,000 was accepted by McCade Repair Service.
Since the counteroffer of $109,000 was accepted, that becomes the cost basis of the land. The subsequent assessments and offers do not affect the recorded value of the land. Therefore, the land should be recorded at its historical cost of $109,000.
Based on the cost concept, McCade Repair Service should record the land at its historical cost of $109,000 in their records. This ensures that the financial statements accurately reflect the amount paid to acquire the land and follows the principle of reporting assets at their original cost.
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Exit. Actively attempting to leave the organization, including looking for a new position as well as resigning. This action is destructive from the point of view of the organization. Researchers study individual terminations and collec- tive turnover, the total loss to the organization of employee knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics.109 • Voice. Actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions, including suggesting improvements, discussing problems with superiors, and some forms of union activity. • Loyalty. Passively but optimistically waiting for conditions to improve, including speaking up for the organization in the face of external criticism and trusting the organization and its management to "do the right thing." • Neglect. Passively allowing conditions to worsen, including chronic absen- teeism or lateness, reduced effort, and increased error rate. This action is destructive from the point of view of the organization. explain in in your words and give example only for any one topic suitable for your work experience
Organizational behavior is a field of research that studies how people behave in organizations.
Researchers examine individual terminations and collective turnover, as well as the overall loss of knowledge, skills, abilities, and other attributes to the organization. Exit is a form of behavior in which an employee seeks to leave the organization.Researchers analyze employee behavior in four categories: exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect. Exit is the most destructive form of behavior since it involves leaving the organization. The behavior is regarded as destructive from the viewpoint of the organization since it results in a loss of talent and skill.Let's say you're a salesperson at a firm. You had joined the company with the expectation that the company would provide a lot of growth opportunities. However, you soon discover that this is not the case. Your boss is difficult to communicate with, there is no positive work culture, and you feel stagnant. You start looking for new work and quickly resign when you receive an offer from a different company.The criticism of this kind of behavior is that it damages the reputation of the firm. The act of leaving may signal to future employees that the organization is not a good place to work. Additionally, the organization may be obliged to spend more time and money on recruitment to replace the employee who has left.
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