For cyclogenesis to occur along a frontal wave, the winds aloft directly above the wave should be diverging or moving away from each other.
Cyclogenesis is the process by which a cyclone or low-pressure system forms and intensifies. One way that cyclogenesis can occur is along a frontal wave, which is a boundary between two air masses with different temperatures and moisture content. As the wave moves along the boundary, it can create areas of convergence and divergence in the wind patterns, which can trigger cyclogenesis.
In order for cyclogenesis to occur along a frontal wave, the winds aloft directly above the wave should be diverging or moving away from each other. This divergence creates an area of low pressure at the surface, which can intensify and become a cyclone. The degree of divergence is related to the strength of the low-pressure system and the rate at which it intensifies.
The divergence of winds aloft is caused by a number of factors, including the presence of an upper-level trough or jet stream that causes the winds to diverge as they move around it. Other factors include the location and intensity of high-pressure systems, which can also affect the wind patterns and trigger cyclogenesis. By monitoring these factors, meteorologists can predict the likelihood of cyclogenesis along a frontal wave and issue weather advisories and warnings accordingly.
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Which of the following would you not expect to observe during the passage of a gust front?
1) gusty winds
2) rising surface pressures
3) increase in temperatures
4) wind shift
An increase in temperatures would not be expected during the passage of a gust front.
A gust front is the leading edge of a thunderstorm's outflow of cold air, which can produce a variety of weather phenomena. Gusty winds and a wind shift are common characteristics of a gust front, as the cold air moves into an area previously occupied by warmer air. Additionally, the passage of a gust front can cause surface pressure to rise as the cold air moves into an area and creates higher pressure. However, an increase in temperatures would not be expected during the passage of a gust front.
The reason for this is that the cold air associated with the gust front is typically cooler than the air it is replacing. As the cold air moves into an area, it displaces the warmer air, causing temperatures to decrease. This is often felt as a sudden drop in temperature as the gust front passes. In some cases, the drop in temperature can be quite dramatic, with temperatures dropping 10 degrees Fahrenheit or more in just a few minutes. Therefore, an increase in temperatures would be unexpected during the passage of a gust front.
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if the sun instantaneously stopped giving off light, what would happen on earth?
If the sun were to suddenly stop giving off light, it would have a catastrophic effect on Earth.
The most immediate impact would be a sudden drop in temperature, as the sun provides the vast majority of the Earth's heat. This would lead to an almost instant freeze, making it impossible for most forms of life to survive. The plants that are essential to our ecosystem would die off, as they depend on sunlight to grow and carry out photosynthesis. This would lead to a chain reaction of the death of herbivores, carnivores, and ultimately, humans. Without sunlight, the atmosphere would eventually become dark and cold, making the planet uninhabitable. Therefore, the sudden cessation of light from the sun would have devastating consequences for life on Earth.
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why does the full moon look so large when it rises, and so small at midnight?
The full moon appears larger when it rises due to an optical illusion called the Moon Illusion.
The Moon Illusion is a phenomenon where the moon appears larger near the horizon compared to when it is high in the sky. The apparent size difference is not due to any actual change in the size of the moon but is a result of perceptual cues and the way our brains interpret visual information.
When the moon is near the horizon, we have objects such as trees, buildings, and the landscape in our line of sight. These objects provide reference points that our brain uses to judge the size of the moon. The presence of familiar objects on the horizon makes the moon appear larger in comparison.
In contrast, when the moon is higher in the sky, there are no close reference points to help our brain gauge its size. Without these cues, the moon appears smaller.
The Moon Illusion is still a subject of scientific debate, and various theories have been proposed to explain it, including the angle of vision and atmospheric effects. However, the precise mechanisms behind this perceptual phenomenon are not yet fully understood.
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in 1900, the geographic form of the american city was most strongly shaped by:
In 1900, the geographic form of the American city was most strongly shaped by the rapid industrialization and urbanization that occurred during the late 19th century.
This period saw the growth of large cities due to the influx of people from rural areas and immigrants from overseas. As a result, the physical landscape of the cities changed dramatically, with the construction of skyscrapers, factories, and mass transit systems. The growth of industry also led to the development of distinct industrial districts, such as Chicago's meatpacking district and Pittsburgh's steel mills. The development of these areas had a significant impact on the layout of the city and the movement of people and goods within it.
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which of the numbered soil horizons is most likely to have remnants of weathered bedrock?
The soil horizon that is most likely to have remnants of weathered bedrock is horizon number C.
Soil horizons are distinct layers of soil that form as a result of various processes, including weathering, deposition, and organic matter accumulation. These horizons are labeled with letters, with the uppermost horizon being A and subsequent horizons designated by letters B, C, and so on.
Horizon C, also known as the "parent material" horizon, is located beneath the A and B horizons. It consists of partially weathered or unweathered bedrock, which serves as the source material for the soil above it. The C horizon can contain fragments of rock and minerals that have undergone weathering processes over time.
As water, wind, and other natural forces act on the bedrock, it gradually breaks down into smaller particles, contributing to the formation of the C horizon. These weathered remnants of bedrock found in the C horizon provide important mineral components to the soil, influencing its composition and fertility.
It's important to note that the presence and characteristics of soil horizons can vary depending on the specific geological and environmental conditions of a given location.
Nonetheless, the C horizon is generally associated with remnants of weathered bedrock and plays a crucial role in soil formation and composition.
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which of the following does not control the indian monsoon? question 10 options: migration of the itcz. unequal heating of land and sea. strength of the equatorial trade winds. differences in pressure between land and sea.
The Indian monsoon is primarily driven by the differential heating of land and sea, which creates low pressure over the continent and high pressure over the ocean.
As a result, moist air from the Indian Ocean is drawn towards the landmass, leading to heavy rainfall during the summer monsoon season. The migration of the ITCZ and the strength of the equatorial trade winds are also factors that influence the Indian monsoon by affecting the location and intensity of the rainfall. However, the differences in pressure between land and sea are not a factor that directly controls the Indian monsoon. Rather, it is the result of the differential heating of land and sea that leads to the pressure differences that drive the monsoon circulation.
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spots of sunlight on the ground cast through openings between leaves in trees above are actually
The spots of sunlight on the ground cast through openings between leaves in trees above are actually known as "sunlight dapples" or "sunbeams".
When sunlight passes through gaps between the leaves of a tree, it creates patterns of light and shadow on the ground. These spots of light are formed by the diffraction of light around the edges of the leaves. As the leaves move in the wind, the patterns of light and shadow on the ground change, creating a dynamic and beautiful display of light. Sunlight dapples are a common sight in forests and wooded areas and are often considered to be one of the many wonders of nature.
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is a radar image of lava flows from the volcano ammavaru. why are parts of the image bright in color?
The parts of the radar image of lava flow from the volcano Ammavaru appear bright in color due to their rough and irregular surface texture.
When radar waves encounter a rough surface, such as the uneven texture of a lava flow, they undergo a phenomenon called backscattering. This means that the radar waves bounce back in various directions instead of being absorbed or reflected away. The backscattered waves return to the radar sensor, resulting in a brighter signal in the corresponding areas of the image.
The rough surface of the lava flows causes multiple reflections and scattering of the radar waves, creating a brighter appearance in the radar image. Therefore, the brightness in those parts of the image indicates the presence of rough surfaces, likely caused by the rugged nature of the lava flows.
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which maps have more than a 2000 foot difference between the highest and lowest peaks?
Topographic maps that represent mountainous regions or areas with significant elevation variations are more likely to have a difference of more than 2000 feet between the highest and lowest peaks.
Topographic maps use contour lines to depict changes in elevation. The closer the contour lines are to each other, the steeper the slope of the terrain. If a map shows closely spaced contour lines or a wide range of elevations within a relatively small area, it suggests the presence of significant elevation differences and the potential for a 2000-foot or greater gap between the highest and lowest peaks.
In summary, maps representing mountainous regions or areas with diverse topography are more likely to exhibit a difference of over 2000 feet between the highest and lowest peaks, as indicated by the spacing and arrangement of contour lines on the map.
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A granite would form under conditions that included
A. a mafic magma cooling in the subsurface.
B. a felsic magma cooling in the subsurface.
C. a mafic magma cooling on Earth's surface.
D. a felsic magma cooling on Earth's surface.
E. none of the above.
A granite would form under conditions that included a felsic magma cooling in the subsurface. Therefore, the correct option is B.
Granite is a common type of intrusive igneous rock that forms when felsic magma (rich in silica and aluminum) cools and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface.
This slow cooling process allows for the formation of large crystals, which gives granite its distinctive coarse-grained texture. Mafic magmas generally form dark-colored rocks, such as basalt, and they tend to solidify more quickly, either on the Earth's surface or in the subsurface.
Thus, the ideal selection is option B.
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what type of plate motion is responsible for the separation that took place between south america and africa? (hint: think back to your vocabulary words and the 3 types of boundaries (transform, divergent, convergent). what present day structure is evidence of this movement?
The separation between South America and Africa was caused by divergent plate motion.
Divergent boundaries occur where two tectonic plates move away from each other, leading to the formation of new crustal material. In the case of South America and Africa, the South Atlantic Ridge marks the location of the divergent boundary. As the two plates moved apart, magma rose to the surface and solidified to form new crust. Over millions of years, this process led to the separation of South America and Africa. Today, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is visible above sea level in Iceland and parts of the Atlantic Ocean, providing evidence of this divergent plate boundary.
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Which of the following characteristics do all countries in North Africa and Southwest Asia share?
A) seclusion of women
B) an arid climate
C) government based on Islam
D) an abundance of oil
Answer:
B. An arid climate.
Explanation:
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glassy igneous rocks form when magma cools too fast for mineral grains to grow.
T/F
True. Glassy igneous rocks form when magma cools so rapidly that mineral grains do not have time to form. This results in a rock with a smooth, glassy texture and often a dark color.
Examples of glassy igneous rocks include obsidian, which forms from lava that cools rapidly above ground, and tuff, which forms from volcanic ash that is compacted and cemented together. These rocks can provide valuable information about the geological history of an area and can be used for various purposes such as building materials or as gemstones. It is important to note that while glassy igneous rocks do not have visible mineral grains, they still contain minerals that can be identified through chemical analysis. Overall, glassy igneous rocks are an interesting and important part of the geologic record.
This rapid cooling process inhibits the formation of well-developed crystals, resulting in a glassy texture. Examples of such rocks include obsidian and pumice.
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although infrequent, running water is responsible for most of the erosional work in deserts.
T/F
The given statement, "although infrequent, running water is responsible for most of the erosional work in deserts" is true as it erodes the top soil.
When water from irrigation, rainfall, snowmelt, runoff, and improper irrigation management removes the top layer of the soil, this is called water erosion. When it comes to this problem, precipitation is ultimately most commonly to fault.
Organic and inorganic soil particles are moved by the water's flow over the surface of the ground, where they are deposited in the lower landscape. Flooding would eventually happen as a result of this. A neighboring water reservoir may receive the eroded soil material or it may create new soil. Fighting the problem of water-caused land deterioration requires effective water erosion control. According on the kind of soil, geography, climate, crop rotation, and land use, water erosion solutions also vary.
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In terms of pedogenic regimes,the leaching process in humid and warm climates is known as. A)laterization. B)salinization. C)calcification. D)podzolization
In terms of pedogenic regimes, the leaching process in humid and warm climates is known as "laterization." so the correct option is A.
Laterization is a weathering process that occurs in tropical and subtropical regions with high rainfall and temperature.
It leads to the development of deep, highly weathered soils that are typically rich in iron and aluminum oxides.
In this process, intense rainfall and high temperatures cause the rapid decomposition of organic matter, resulting in the release of soluble nutrients.
These nutrients, including calcium, magnesium, and potassium, are then leached downwards through the soil profile. As a result, the upper layers of the soil become depleted of these nutrients, while the lower layers accumulate them.
hence the correct option is A) laterization.
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Which of the following actions in a rotating storm will define it as a tornado?
A) A mesocyclone forms.
B) A wall cloud descends.
C) A funnel cloud forms.
D) A funnel cloud touches the ground.
Answer:
D. A funnel cloud touches the ground.
Explanation:
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Which of the following is true about how a lake can relate to the water table?
A. A lake that is above the water table may lose water to groundwater.
B. The water table intersects, or is higher than, the surface in many lakes.
C. A lake can gain water if it is lower than the water table in areas adjacent to the lake.
D. All of these.
D. All of these. All of the statements provided are true regarding the relationship between a lake and the water table.
A. A lake that is above the water table may lose water to groundwater. In this case, the water in the lake is at a higher elevation than the water table. The water can seep through the lake bottom and replenish the groundwater.
B. The water table intersects, or is higher than, the surface in many lakes. The water table represents the upper boundary of the saturated zone in the subsurface. In some cases, the water table is at or above the surface level, resulting in lakes where the water table is higher than the lake's surface.
C. A lake can gain water if it is lower than the water table in areas adjacent to the lake. When the lake is located in an area where the water table is higher than the lake's surface, groundwater can flow into the lake, replenishing its water volume.
Therefore, all three statements accurately describe different scenarios of how a lake can relate to the water table.
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global climate change is defined by which of the following ? the changes in ocean temperatures as a result of increased global carbon emissions the sum of the changes in local precipitation and temperature patterns that result from global warming the changes in local temperature patterns that result from global warming the sum of the changes in local precipitation and temperature patterns that result from increases in ocean warming the changes in precipitation patterns that result from global warming
Global climate change is defined as the sum of the changes in local temperature and precipitation patterns that result from global warming, which is caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere.
These changes in temperature and precipitation patterns have far-reaching effects on ecosystems, weather patterns, and human societies around the world. While changes in ocean temperatures are a part of the broader picture of global climate change, it is not the only factor that contributes to it.
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which slender, conical speleothem grows from water dripping from the ceiling of a cavern?
The slender, conical speleothem that grows from water dripping from the ceiling of a cavern is called a stalactite.
Stalactites are formed as mineral-rich water flows down from the roof of a cave or cavern, leaving behind tiny mineral deposits with each drip. Over time, these deposits build up, forming a long, tapering cone that hangs from the ceiling. The minerals that make up stalactites are primarily calcium carbonate, which is derived from dissolved limestone or other carbonate rock in the cave. Stalactites can take thousands of years to form, and their growth rate depends on factors such as the amount of water entering the cave, the mineral content of the water, and the local climate.
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in addition to the current levels of air and water pollution, a list of important environmental issues would most likely include:
In addition to the current levels of air and water pollution, important environmental issues would likely include deforestation, climate change, biodiversity loss, and soil degradation.
Beyond air and water pollution, several other significant environmental issues require attention. Deforestation, the clearing of forests for various purposes, contributes to habitat loss, carbon emissions, and disrupts ecosystems.
Climate change, resulting from greenhouse gas emissions, causes rising temperatures, sea-level rise, extreme weather events, and other adverse impacts on the environment and human societies. Biodiversity loss, driven by habitat destruction, pollution, invasive species, and climate change, threatens ecosystems and the variety of species that rely on them. Soil degradation, including erosion, nutrient depletion, and pollution, impairs agricultural productivity, degrades ecosystems, and affects food security.
These issues highlight the interconnectedness of environmental challenges and the urgent need for sustainable practices, conservation efforts, and global cooperation to address them.
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Complete Question
in addition to the current levels of air and water pollution, a list of important environmental issues would most likely include: A. emissions of greenhouse gases
B. safe disposal of hazardous waste materials
C. destruction of wetlands and other habitats
D. extinction of species and all of the above
E. deforestation, climate change, biodiversity loss, and soil degradation.
according to your ph test result, where in the u.s. is acid rain most severe?
The pH of rainwater is a measure of its acidity, and acid rain is more prevalent in areas where the pH level is lower. Based on historical data, the northeastern United States has experienced some of the most severe acid rain, particularly in the Appalachian Mountains region.
Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from industrial and transportation sources, which react with water and other chemicals in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid. When this acidic precipitation falls to the ground, it can cause damage to vegetation, wildlife, buildings, and infrastructure.
To monitor the severity of acid rain, scientists measure the pH level of rainwater. A pH of 7 is considered neutral, while values below 7 indicate acidity and values above 7 indicate alkalinity. The pH of rainwater in the northeastern U.S. has been measured as low as 4.3, indicating a high level of acidity.
The main reason for the prevalence of acid rain in the northeastern U.S. is its proximity to major industrial centers and transportation hubs. The region also has a high population density, which contributes to emissions from sources such as automobiles and power plants. In addition, the Appalachian Mountains, which stretch from Alabama to Maine, can trap pollutants in the air, causing them to accumulate and exacerbating the effects of acid rain. While efforts to reduce emissions have helped to alleviate the severity of acid rain in the U.S., it remains a significant environmental issue, particularly in areas with high levels of industrial and transportation activity.
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Which is attributed as being the strongest driving force on oceanic plates that enables plate tectonics to happen on earth?
The strongest driving force behind plate tectonics on Earth is generally attributed to the process known as mantle convection.
Mantle convection is driven by the transfer of heat from the Earth's deep interior, primarily from the core, to the surface. This heat transfer causes the material in the Earth's mantle to circulate in large-scale convection currents.
As the mantle circulates, it creates drag on the overlying lithospheric plates, which float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere. This dragging force causes the plates to move and interact with each other at their boundaries.
The boundaries between plates are known as plate boundaries and can take different forms, such as divergent boundaries (where plates move apart), convergent boundaries (where plates collide), and transform boundaries (where plates slide past each other).
Although other factors, such as ridge push and slab pull, also contribute to plate motion, mantle convection is considered the primary driving force.
The exact mechanisms and dynamics of mantle convection are complex and still an active area of scientific research.
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the accumulation of free oxygen in earth's atmosphere began with the origin of _____.
The accumulation of free oxygen in Earth's atmosphere began with the origin of photosynthetic organisms.
These organisms, such as cyanobacteria, are able to use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic matter and oxygen through a process called photosynthesis. Over time, as these organisms became more abundant and widespread, they produced enough oxygen to begin to accumulate in the atmosphere. This accumulation was a gradual process, taking billions of years, but eventually led to the formation of Earth's current atmosphere, which is rich in oxygen and capable of supporting complex life forms. The presence of oxygen in the atmosphere also played a crucial role in the evolution of life on Earth, providing organisms with a vital source of energy and allowing for the development of more complex and diverse life forms.
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which rock weathers into caves and lumpy hills
Limestone is the rock that weathers into caves and lumpy hills.
Limestone is a sedimentary rock primarily composed of the mineral calcite, which is formed from the accumulation of shells, coral, and other organic remains.
Limestone is soluble in water containing carbon dioxide, which leads to a unique type of weathering known as karstification. Karst landscapes are characterized by the dissolution of limestone, resulting in the formation of caves, sinkholes, and lumpy hills.
The process of weathering in limestone begins with the acidic water dissolving the calcite minerals, gradually enlarging cracks and fractures within the rock. Over time, these openings expand to form caves and underground passages. As the water continues to flow through the caves, it dissolves more limestone and carries away the sediment, leaving behind unique cave formations such as stalactites and stalagmites.
Additionally, the weathering of limestone can create lumpy hills on the surface. As the limestone dissolves unevenly, pockets of resistant rock may remain, forming irregular mounds or hills. These lumpy hills are often a characteristic feature of karst landscapes.
In summary, limestone is the rock that weathers into caves and lumpy hills through the process of karstification.
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Describe the Kyoto Protocol and give at least two reasons why the US objected to signing it.
The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement aimed at combating climate change by setting binding emission reduction targets for industrialized countries.
The United States objected to signing the Kyoto Protocol for several reasons. Firstly, it argued that the agreement would harm the US economy and result in job losses, as it required significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. The US believed that compliance with the protocol would impose burdensome costs on industries and hinder economic growth.
Secondly, the US objected to the protocol's exemption of major developing countries, such as China and India, from binding emission reduction targets. The US saw this as an unfair advantage for these countries and a potential loophole that could undermine global efforts to address climate change. These factors contributed to the US decision to not ratify the Kyoto Protocol.
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the ages of former volcanoes decrease with their distance from their parent hot spot.
T/F
True. According to the theory of plate tectonics, hot spots are areas where magma rises from deep within the Earth's mantle and erupts as volcanic activity on the surface.
As the tectonic plate moves over the hot spot, a chain of volcanoes is formed, with the oldest volcano located at the point closest to the hot spot and the youngest at the point farthest away. This is because the magma source at the hot spot remains stationary while the tectonic plate moves over it, creating a trail of extinct volcanoes that get progressively younger with increasing distance from the hot spot. This phenomenon is observed in many hot spot chains around the world, including the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain and the Galapagos Islands. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ages of former volcanoes decrease with their distance from their parent hot spot.
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Global positioning system reference _______ location:
A. relative B. situational C. mathematical D. toponymic E. exact
The correct answer to the question "Global positioning system reference _______ location" is E. exact. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a worldwide navigation system that uses satellites to provide location and time information. It is a highly accurate system that can pinpoint a user's location with great precision, providing an exact location reference.
The correct answer to the question "Global positioning system reference _______ location" is E. exact. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a worldwide navigation system that uses satellites to provide location and time information. It is a highly accurate system that can pinpoint a user's location with great precision, providing an exact location reference. This makes it a valuable tool for a wide range of applications, from navigation and transportation to surveying and mapping. With GPS, users can determine their location anywhere in the world, making it a truly global system. Its ability to provide an exact location reference has revolutionized the way we navigate and explore our world. In summary, the GPS system provides an exact global positioning system reference location.
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Which of the following locations was affected by mudflows triggered by an earthquake in 2001? A) Santa Tecia, El Salvador B) Oslo, Norway C) Buffalo, New York
briefly describe where each feature is found in earth's general circulation. what meteorological conditions might you find associated with each feature?
The general circulation of the Earth's atmosphere consists of three main features: the Hadley cells, the Ferrel cells, and the polar cells. In the Hadley cells, meteorological conditions such as high temperatures and low humidity are often associated with the rising warm air, while areas of clear skies and calm winds are associated with the subtropical highs.
The Hadley cells are located near the equator and are characterized by rising warm air, which then cools and sinks at around 30 degrees north and south latitudes. This sinking air creates areas of high pressure known as subtropical highs. In the Hadley cells, meteorological conditions such as high temperatures and low humidity are often associated with the rising warm air, while areas of clear skies and calm winds are associated with the subtropical highs.
The Ferrel cells are found in the mid-latitudes and are characterized by both rising and sinking air. They exist between the Hadley cells and the polar cells and are responsible for the westerly winds found in these regions. In the Ferrel cells, meteorological conditions such as frontal systems, storms, and unstable weather are often associated with the mixing of warm and cold air masses.
The polar cells are located near the poles and are characterized by sinking cold air, which then moves towards the equator. This sinking air creates areas of high pressure known as polar highs. In the polar cells, meteorological conditions such as cold temperatures, low humidity, and snowfall are often associated with the sinking cold air, while areas of clear skies and calm winds are associated with the polar highs.
In conclusion, each feature of the Earth's general circulation is associated with distinct meteorological conditions, and understanding these features is important for predicting and understanding weather patterns.
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The world's largest expanse of middle latitude dry climates is on the continent of ________. A ) Africa B ) Asia C ) North America D ) Australia E ) Europe
Answer:
B. Asia.
Explanation:
The world's largest expanse of middle latitude dry climates is on the continent of Asia.
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