Freon 12(molar mass 120.91 g/mol) is a common refrigerant that is vaporized in tubes inside a refrigerator, releasing heat. This results in heat being released to the outside of the fridge. If 500g of the Freon is vaporized, what is the expected enthalpy change.

Galvanic cells or voltaic cells can generate electricity through the use of a spontaneous reaction.

A galvanic cell or voltaic cell can be described as an electrochemical cell in which electricity is generated from spontaneous Oxidation-Reduction reactions.

A common apparatus consists of two different metals or electrodes, each immersed in different beakers containing their respective ion solution, They are connected by a salt bridge or a porous membrane.

Galvanic cells carry the spontaneous redox reactions but have been designed to harness the energy generated from the said reaction. The electromotive force of the cell can be defined as the difference between the half-cell potentials which are measured by the two electrodes in the electrolyte.

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NaCl is a Strong electrolyte.

NaCl being a salt is strong electrolyte. It is a neutral salt. An electrolyte is substance which can conduct electricity in the solution. So a strong electrolyte is a good conductor of electricity. Strong electrolyte also have their ionisation value very high that means they have high degree of dissociation in solution. As NaCl splits completely into ions and have high degree of dissociation so it is a strong electrolyte. As NaCl can splits completely into   Na⁺ and Cl⁻.

NaCl(aq)   ⇄      Na⁺(aq)   +    Cl⁻(aq)

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Answer:

Explanation:

#1 (highest): Bovine meat (beef herd)

Beef has the highest carbon footprint of any food. This is because of what is required to raise and farm cattle. Animals used for beef production require a tremendous amount of feed, which must be grown on its own. They also produce an extremely high amount of methane

In order to accelerate the cart at a rate of 0.5/s2, the force needed is 37.5 N.

Acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity of an item with appreciation to time. Accelerations are vector portions. The orientation of an item's acceleration is given by the orientation of the net pressure appearing on that object.

Calculation:-

Mass = 75 kg

acceleration = 0.5 m/s²

F = ma

   = 75 × 0.5

  = 37.5 N

Acceleration is the charge at which velocity modifications with time, in terms of each speed and route. A factor or an object moving in a straight line is accelerated if it quickens or slows down. movement on a circle is extended despite the fact that the rate is consistent because the course is continually changing.

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The decomposition of iron (III) hydrogen carbonate produce three different products namely iron (III) carbonate, water and carbon dioxide as in the balanced reaction written below:

[tex]\rm 2Fe(HCO_{3})_{3} \rightarrow Fe_{2}CO_{3} + 3 CO_{2} + 3H_{2}O[/tex]

Decomposition reaction is a type of reaction in which a single reactant species decompose or break into its constituent compounds or elements. Decomposition reaction can be either exothermic or endothermic. The breaking of a strong bonds needs higher energy.

Iron (III) hydrogen carbonate is a metallic complex with the formula,

Fe (HCO₃)₃ where iron is in +3 oxidation state.  Decomposition of iron hydrogen carbonate produces iron (III)carbonate, carbon dioxide and water.

As per the balanced reaction, 2 moles of iron hydrogen carbonate produce one mole of iron carbonate and 3 moles of carbon dioxide and water each.

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To detect exons in nucleic acid hybridization experiment an appropriate probe is  single-stranded RNA.

Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) is the most basic type of genetic molecule, constituting the genome of some viruses and, presumably, primitive life-forms. However, the formation of inactive double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) during replication is an innate and unsolved problem with the ssRNA genome.

RNA viruses with single-stranded RNA genomes are referred to as single-stranded RNA viruses. There are two varieties:

1) Single-stranded RNA virus with negative sense

2) Single-stranded RNA virus with positive sense

There are currently eight virus families with single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes that infect vertebrates: the families Picornaviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, and Hepeviridae have non-enveloped capsids, whereas the families Flaviviridae, Togaviridae, Arteriviridae, and Coronaviridae have enveloped capsids.

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The complete question is

"In a nucleic acid hybridization experiment performed to detect exons, the probe a. single-stranded DNA.

b. double-stranded DNA.

c. triple-stranded DNA.

d. single-stranded RNA.

e. double-stranded RNA."

The temperature at which the molecules in a one-gram sample of water would have the lowest average kinetic energy is 5 Kelvin; option 3

The average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance increases with an increase in temperature.

Thus, the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance will be highest at the highest temperature and lowest at the lowest temperature.

Considering the given temperatures of the water molecules, the highest temperature is 5 celsius and the lowest temperature is  5 Kelvin

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When a less reactive element is pushed out of a compound that also contains a more reactive ingredient, the result is a displacement reaction.

The process by which iron and copper sulphate react to produce iron sulphate as a byproduct. Because iron is more reactive than copper in this situation, copper is replaced. zinc and iron sulphate reacting to produce zinc sulphate as a byproduct.

A single-displacement reaction occurs when a more reactive ingredient in a compound replaces a less reactive member. Metal displacement, hydrogen displacement, and halogen displacement are the three different categories of displacement processes.

A displacement reaction is a chemical process in which a more reactive element removes a less reactive element from its compound. For instance, zinc (Zn) substitutes copper in the reaction with copper sulphate (CuSO4) since zinc is more reactive than copper. Zn+CuSO4→ZnSO4+Cu.

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The only situation where there is an increase in entropy;

The term entropy has to do with the degree of disorder in a system. Thus we must recall that gases tend to move very freely and the the gas does not have a particular or a fixed shape or volume. Hence, the level of the disorderliness would increase so much when a gas is produced.

The entropy is least when we have a solid because the particles that compose a solid are all held together in such a way that the particles do not move about freely in the system.

Thus, when there is an isothermal compression of the gas, the molecules of the gas collide more frequently with each other and entropy increases.

When a gas expands, it spreads out and entropy is reduced. When a glass of water looses energy, the molecules of the water would decrease in speed and entropy is reduced.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

chemical composition doesn’t change with physical change like freezing water will still make it h2o

Hopes this helps please mark brainliest

A combustion reaction occurs between 9.5 mol of O₂ and 137 g C₂H₄. upon the completion of the reaction . yes, there is C₂H₄ remaining.

The balanced chemical equation is given as :

C₂H₄   + 3O₂    ------>     2CO₂  +   2H₂O

moles of O₂ = 9.5

moles of C₂H₄  = mass / molar mass

                         = 137 / 28

                         = 4.8 mol

1 mole of C₂H₄  react with 3 mole of O₂

so, 9.5 O₂ wiil react with = 9.5 / 3  C₂H₄

                                          = 3.1 mol of  C₂H₄

we need 4.8 mol of  C₂H₄ , therefore there will be  C₂H₄  remaining.

Thus, A combustion reaction occurs between 9.5 mol of O₂ and 137 g C₂H₄. upon the completion of the reaction . yes there is  C₂H₄ remaining.

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To obtain sand and water from mixture filtration process will be used.

To obtain salt from water in mixture crystallization will be done.

A mixture is a substance formed by combining two or more different substances (elements or compounds), not necessarily in specific proportions. In a mixture, the components are not chemically combined (no chemical reactions occur). No chemical reactions take place, so the ingredients retain their original properties. There is no loss or gain of energy in forming the mixture. Using physical methods, the components of a mixture can be easily separated.

Mixtures are created by physical changes. Therefore, to separate the components of a mixture, certain physical methods or techniques can be used to separate the mixture into its original components. These techniques are based on the physical properties of the components such as density, weight and size.

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The molar mass of the acid will be 177.93 g/mol

Mass of monoprotic acid (HX) = 0.524 g

Molarity of NAOH = 0.190 M

Volume of NaOH = 15.5 ml

Molar mass of HX = ?

Write the balanced chemical equation

    HX(aq) + NaOH(aq)  →  H2O(l) + NaX(l)

The molar ratio of HX and NaOH is equal 1:1

As we are dealing with molarity so convert the volume of NaOH to L

    volume of NaOH in L = Volume in ml / 1000

     volume of NaOH in L = 15.5 ml × 1 L / 1000 ml

     volume of NaOH in L =  15.5 × 0.001 L

     volume of NaOH in L = 0.0155 L

Now calculate the number of moles of NaOH

    molarity = number moles / volume L

Rearrange for number of moles

    number of moles = molarity × volume L

    number of moles of NaOH = 0.190 mol/L × 0.0155 L

    number of moles of NaOH = 0.002945 mol

Number of moles of NaOH = Number of moles of HX

So the number of moles of HX = 0.002945 mol

Now calculate the molar mass

    number of moles = mass / molar mass

Rearrange for molar mass

    molar mass = mass / number of moles

    molar mass of HX = 0.524 g / 0.002945 mol

    molar mass of HX = 177.93 g/mol

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Answer: M&M plain candies have a mean weight of 0.8565g and a standard deviation of 0.0518g .

The average weight of an individual peanut M&M is 2.4g/0.08oz  

i dont know how many m&m's you have for the middle part

average atomic mass should be 3.2565

#15 cant answer

#16 yes because the m&m's would be larger giving them a greater mass

#17 cant answer

#18 the average atomic mass of sulfur is 32.066 amu.

Explanation:

The identity of the an unknown diatomic gas that has a density of 3.164 g/l at stp is chlorine (Cl) with 35.44 g/mol molar mass

To determine the identity of a diatomic gas, determine the mass of one mole of gas.

from the formula

mass = density x volume

At standard temperature and pressure (STP), 1 mole of gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L.

Mass of diatomic gas = 3.164 × 22.4

Mass of 1 mole of diatomic gas = 70.8736 g

Then determine the atomic mass of the gas

Since the gas is a diatomic gas,

atomic mass of gas = 70.8736/2

Atomic mass of gas = 35.4368 g/mol

Atomic mass of gas ≅ 35.44 g/mol

This is fairly close to the atomic mass of chlorine (At. mass for Cl = 35.453 g/mol).

Therefore, the identity of the diatomic gas chlorine (Cl)

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The enthalpy change per gram of nitric oxide is -1.9KJ/g.

Calculating the reaction enthalpy involves deducting the total enthalpy of all the reactants from the total enthalpy of the products. Mathematically, tH is equal to the total of the enthalpies of the reactants and the sum of the enthalpies of the product.

The value of enthalpy is solely dependent on the temperature, pressure, and composition of the system, not on its history. It is an energy-like feature or state function that has the dimensions of energy (and is thus measured in units of joules or ergs).

2NO(g) + O₂(g) → 2NO₂(g)

According to reaction,

2 × 30g NO = -114KJ (Enthalpy change)

1g NO = -114/2× 30 = -1.9KJ

∆H =  -1.9KJ/g.

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The volume of the solution is obtained as 124mL.

We know that this problem has to do with the stoichiometry of the reaction. In this case, we have the reaction that is occurring between the potassium iodide solution and the  copper II nitrate solution.

First of all let us look at the balanced reaction equation which is written as;

2 Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) + 4 KI(aq) → 2 CuI(aq) + I₂(s) + 4 KNO₃(aq)

Number of moles of the  Cu(NO₃)₂ reacted = 2.43 g/188 g/mol = 0.013 moles

If 2 moles of Cu(NO₃)₂ would have to react with 4 moles of KI

0.013 moles moles of Cu(NO₃)₂ would have to react with 0.013 * 4/2

= 0.026 moles

Given that;

Number of moles = concentration * volume

Concentration of  KI  = 0.209 M

Volume =Number of moles /Concentration

= 0.026 moles/0.209 M

= 0.124 L or 124mL

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The following could limit the accuracy of the qualitative analysis used here is  one of the ions is present in trace amounts.

Th qualitative analysis is the determination of the information about the chemical species or the functional in the given sample. the quantitative analysis involves the data and the numbers,  the quantitative analysis involves the method of analyzing the amount of chemical species in a sample. the amount is expressed in the numbers. while the qualitative analysis examine the information about whether an atom, ion functional group is present or absent.

Thus, the correct option is one of the ions is present in trace amounts will limit the accuracy of the qualitative analysis.

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When a nucleophile replaces the diazonium group, nitrogen gas bursts out of the reaction mixture in a very quick and effective reaction.

Diazonium salts can be thought of as self-reactive in the sense that they are generally high energy materials that can decompose violently when subjected to heat or mechanical force (shock-sensitive). The diazo functional group is linked to a reaction enthalpy of between -160 and -180 kJ/mol.

They are used to create dyed fabrics and are useful in the dye and pigment industries. They can be used to create a wide range of chemical molecules, particularly aryl derivatives.

Because the dinitrogen molecule is so highly stable in the atmosphere, the diazonium ion is one of the best leaving groups in organic chemistry.

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The amount of 4.86 ml needed to completely react with 11.73 ml of 1.006 m ca(oh)2 is 4.86 ml.

given data to  be calculated:-

Ca3(PO4)2 (s) + 6H2O can be used to calculate this: 3Ca(OH)2 (aq) + 2H3PO4 (aq) (l)

ca moles (OH)

2  present 11.00 moles of H3PO4 are required; 7.33 moles of H3PO4 in a volume of ml are required; 7.33/1.508 = 4.86.

The direction that creates more moles of gas benefits from an increase in volume, and since there are more moles of products in this case, the reaction will shift to the right and produce more moles of products.

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In this particular problem, For sulfur to attain a noble gas configuration, it must gain TWO ELECTRONS.

What is noble gas configuration? Also explain above answer

The only group of elements—the noble gases—have all available electrons in their outermost shells, making them stable and preventing them from typically taking part in chemical reactions. To achieve the noble gas octet structure, additional elements take part in chemical reactions and create bonds with one another. A stable element is required to contain eight (8) electrons in its outermost shell by the octet structure.

Sulfur has an atomic weight of 16 and an electrical configuration of 2,8,6. Sulfur has 6 electrons in its outermost shell according to the electronic configuration; therefore, it needs two more electrons to have 8 electrons in its outermost shell.

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It will take 0.02s to respond when the temperature suddenly changes.

Thermal diffusivity is significant because it can indicate the rate of thermal expansion of a substance. Lower heat diffusion rates are characterized by high values of thermal diffusivity. The material can therefore rapidly heat up or cool down. A higher heat diffusion rate results from a lower thermal diffusivity rating. As a result, it takes a long time for the material to heat up or cool down.

Thermal diffusivity is thus used to determine the best material to utilize based on how quickly or slowly heat dissipation is needed. It is utilized when choosing the type of material to use for heat sinks.

Here A is Thermal conductivity and a is Thermal diffusivity.

Choose metals that lie as far apart on the thermal diffusivity axis as possible, because this region maximizes the thermal displacement.

Copper and steel are probably not lead because it is too soft.

Hence, Cast Iron and Aluminium are selected.

The equation of response time is:

Response Time = (t/2)² / a

Here, t is the thickness and a is Thermal diffusivity.

Convert 2mm to m, it will be 0.002m

In the above equation, substitute 0.002m for t and 5 * 10⁻5 m²/s for a.

Response time = (0.002m/2)² / 5 * 10⁻5 m²/s

Response time = 0.02s.

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In triple sugar iron agar (tsia), red/yellow indicates the sugar fermentation glucose sucrose lactose lactose and sucrose is only glucose.

In the triple sugar iron agar (tsia), red/yellow indicates the sugar fermentation of only glucose. it indicates that organism ferment only the glucose. the red / red indicates that no fermentation takes place. the yellow / yellow  indicates the fermentation of glucose and lactose and sucrose. the  gas production indicates that the crack in agar or the lifting in agar.

Thus, In triple sugar iron agar (tsia), red/yellow indicates the sugar fermentation glucose sucrose lactose lactose and sucrose is only glucose.

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The product for the following reaction are :

T carboxylic acid is an organic compound. the functional group of carboxylic acid is carboxy. general formula is given as : R - COO⁻.

The reactions are given as follows :

1) the reduction of carboxylic acid into ketone with the organometallic compound is given as follows :

CH₃CH₂COOH     +  CH₃Li   ------>   CH₃CH₂COCH₃

                                                                  2 butanone

2) the reaction of carboxylic acid with SOCl₂ is given as follows :

CH₃CH₂COOH    +   SOCl₂   ----->   CH₃CH₂COCl

3) the reaction of carboxylic acid with CH₃NH₂ is given as follows

CH₃CH₂COOH  +   CH₃NH₂   ----->   CH₃CH₂CONHCH₃

Thus,  The product for the following reaction are :

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The ionic charges and the chemical formula of the ionic compounds formed from the elements are given below:

Ionic compounds are compounds formed from a transfer of electrons from electropositive metals to electronegative non-metals resulting in the formation of oppositely-charged ions that are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction.

The metals form ions having positive charges called cations whereas the non-metals form ions having negative charges that are known as anions.

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Several units of pH should be reduced.

go beyond the buffer's limit.

In the food, textile, metal, and rubber sectors, hydrochloric acid (HCl) is frequently used to neutralise alkaline chemicals and as a bleaching agent. If discharged into the soil, it is neutralised, and water exposure causes it to hydrolyze quickly.

Raise the pH a little bit.

Reduce the pH a little.

Increase the pH by a few units.

Decrease the pH by a few units.

Do not alter the pH

Exceed the buffer's maximum size

Hydrochloric  acid is created when potassium fluoride and hydrofluoric acid interact. The total of the HFO generated and the KFO consumed equals the amount of HCl supplied. All of the KFO is consumed, exceeding the buffer's capacity and reducing pH by several units, because moles of HCl > moles of KFO.

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1.63×10^-18J is the energy for the transition of an electron from the level n=1 to the level  n= 2 of a hydrogen atom.

According to the Bohr equation for hydrogen atom,

Energy, ∆E= -RH[(1/nf2 ) - (1/ni2)]

Where RH is the Rydberg constant and its value is 109737.3cm-1, 'nf' and 'ni' are integers that represent the energy levels.

1). ni= 1 and nf= 2, substituting these values in Bohr equation,

∆E = -109737.3cm-1[(1/22). -(1/12)

= -109737.3cm-1[(1/4) -1]

= -109737.3cm-1[0.25-1]

= -109737.3cm-1(-0.75)

= 82302.975cm-1

=82302.975×1.986×10-23J

=1.63×10-18J

(where 1 cm-1= 1.986×10-23J)

Here the electron jumps from n=1 to n=2, so it must absorb a photon of light. Therefore this is an absorption process.

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0.2701 moles of water were evaporated from the sample by the heating process

Mass of evaporating dish = 8.365 g

mass of dish + hydrate = 18.597 g

mass of hydrate =  (mass of dish + hydrate) - mass of dish

hydrate = 18.597 - 8.365 = 10.232 g

Mass of dehydrated material = (mass of dish + dehydrate ) - mass of dish

dehydrated material = 18.735 - 8.365 = 5.37 g

Mass of water evaporated = hydrate - dehydrate

mass of water = 10.232 - 5.37 = 4.862 g

Molar mass of water  = 18 gm/mol

no. of moles of water evaporated = mass / molecular mass

moles = 4.862/18 = 0.2701 moles

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The electrolysis  is a spontaneous redox reaction produces electricity.

Electrolysis is the disintegration of  ionic compounds into their elements by passing a constant electric current through the liquid form. Cations are reduced at the cathode and anions are oxidized at the anode. The main components needed to perform electrolysis are an electrolyte, electrodes, and some kind of external energy source is also needed. In addition, a partition such as an exchange membrane or a salt bridge is also used, but this is optional. They are mainly used  to prevent products from diffusing near the counter electrode.

Electrolysis is usually performed in a vessel called an "electrolyte cell" containing two electrodes (cathode and anode) connected to a direct current source and an electrolyte that is a dissociable ionic compound, either molten  or soluble in a suitable state.

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