from the point of view of a financial analyst, when evaluating companies that use different inventory cost assumptions, in a period of:

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Answer 1

In decreasing prices, FIFO inventory is preferred to LIFO inventory.

What is FIFO?First In, First Out, sometimes known as FIFO, is a strategy of managing assets and valuing them that prioritizes the sale, use, or disposal of assets that were produced or acquired first.For taxation purposes, FIFO presumes that the cost of items sold on the income statement includes the assets with the oldest expenses (COGS). The assets in the inventory that are still available are compared to those that were just bought or made.According to the accounting principle known as first in, first out (FIFO), assets that are bought or acquired first are also the first to be sold.According to FIFO, the inventory still on hand is made up of products that were bought last.LIFO is an accounting technique that differs from FIFO in that assets that were acquired or purchased most recently are sold first.In an inflationary market, the FIFO technique frequently assigns lower, older expenses to the cost of items sold, resulting in a higher net income than if LIFO were utilized.

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The major factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all.

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Socialism: The major factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all.

What is socialism?An economic system where the public owns the means of production and they are used for everyone's welfare.Socialism is a left-wing economic ideology and movement that embraces a variety of economic systems distinguished by the predominance of social ownership over private ownership of the means of production.Socialism is a system of government and economic ownership of the structures and equipment used to produce products and services, such as factories and farms. Decentralized and direct worker ownership or centralized governmental ownership of the means of production can both be used to achieve this.

Therefore, Socialism: The major factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all.

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Correct question:

Give one word The major factors of production that are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all.

What do you mean by investment function?.

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The factors that affect the levels of total investments are summarised by the investment function.

What is investment function ?The investment function refers to the link between investments and interest rates. Interest rates and investment have a functional and inverse relationship.An investment function aims to explain how changes in national income lead to adjustments in how investors trade on the various domestic marketplaces. To achieve this, it is crucial to immediately link changes in the market to things happening in the economy as a whole.The interest rate is a measurement of the opportunity cost of those resources, so it stands to reason that investment and interest rates are inversely correlated. There is an opportunity cost of (1+r), where r is the interest rate, if the resources could be invested in financial assets instead of financing the investment.

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rebel purchases a house for $52,000. rebel converts the property to rental property when the fair market value is $115,000. after deducting depreciation (cost recovery) expense of $1,130, rebel sells the house for $120,000. what is the recognized gain or loss?

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The difference between the amount received on the sale and your tax basis in the property is the gain or loss. Generally, the tax rate on the capital gain will be 0%, 15%, or 20% with a 3.8% surtax for those with higher incomes.

What are the gain and loss in rental property?

A single-family home or a condominium is typically the ideal investment property for novices. Since the condo organization handles outside upkeep, you only need to bother with the interior, making condos low maintenance.

Therefore, Homes bought by an investor and leased to tenants under some other form of rental agreement are referred to as residential rental property.

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g you believe that stock prices reflect all publicly available information, but do not reflect private information. this belief is consistent with what form of market efficiency? you believe that stock prices reflect all publicly available information, but do not reflect private information. this belief is consistent with what form of market efficiency? strong perfect semi-strong weak

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This belief is consistent with form of market efficiency is semi-strong weak.The semi-strong form presupposes that only information that is publicly accessible is factored into prices, whereas information that is privately kept may not be.

See if a stock's price gaps up or down when previously private news is published to test the semi-strong form of the EMH.

For instance, only insiders would be aware of a merger proposal or a bad financial report. Therefore, until it is made available, this information is not accurately priced into the shares. As traders and investors take this new information into account, the stock may then increase or decrease, depending on the nature of the news.

The semi-strong form presupposes that only information that is publicly accessible is factored into prices, whereas information that is privately kept may not be. The weak version acknowledges that although markets are generally efficient, anomalies can happen and can be taken advantage of (which typically eliminates the anomaly.

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reporting standards for financial audits under government auditing standards differ from reporting standards under generally accepted auditing standards in that government auditing standards require the auditor to

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Reporting standards for financial audits under government auditing standards differ from reporting standards under generally accepted auditing standards in that government auditing standards require the auditor to describe the scope of the auditor's tests of compliance with laws and regulations.

A central authority is a machine to control a state or network. The Columbia Encyclopedia defines authorities as "a device of social manage under which the right to make laws, and the proper to put in force them, is vested in a particular group in society".

A government is an organization thru which leaders exercise electricity to make and enforce laws. a government's simple functions are imparting leadership, preserving order, supplying public services, imparting national protection, offering monetary protection, and offering monetary assistance.

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three locations for a water tower for the village of wideplace are being considered. initial construction costs and annual operating costs for these sites are given in the table. using benefit/cost ratio analysis and an interest rate of 9.53101798% per year compounded continuously, which site should be chosen? assume that the water tower will last forever and that a site must be selected.

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The above three sites' B/ c ratio -for North Site is the highest among them. There fore the project in the north should be chosen

Given Data:

three location-for a water tower for the village of

inlide place are being considered. Initial construction

Operating cast for their sites are

Const and annual operate

Given in the table.

Elsing benefit/cost ratio analysis and interest

take of 9:53101798% per year Compound Continously.

North Sites -

Given that

Initial Cost = 40,00:000

Annual Cost - 3.

1/$0 ( every 5years ) = 610510

Annual Benefit = 980000

Total cost per year = 40,00, 000 ( A/p10. 095 3101798, 20) +

360000 + 610510 ( A / F 1 0 . 095 3 10 1 7 98 , 5 )

4242 9172. 9628

Total Benefit per year = 980000

980000

Benefit/ cost rates =

42429172. 9628

0 .023

B / c ratio = 0 023

Total Cost per year = 5000000 (1/p10. 095 3101796, 00) +

320000 + 610510 ( -A / F 10 . 095 310 1798, 5 )

5288 /231 . 6580

Total Benefit per year = 1060000

1060000

- 0. 020

B/c ratio =

52 88 1 23/. 6580

B/c ratio = 0.020

The above three sites' B/ c ratio -for North Site is the highest among them. There fore the project in the north should be chosen.

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what is the minimum number of operating segments that must be separately reported? a. ten. b. segments with at least 75 percent of revenues as measured by the revenue test. c. at least 75 percent of the segments must be separately reported. d. segments with at least 75 percent of the revenues generated from outside parties

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D. segments with at least 75 percent of the revenues generated from outside parties is the minimum number of operating segments that must be separately reported.

Sales is the entire quantity of profits generated by way of the sale of goods and offerings related to the number one operations of the commercial enterprise. industrial sales will also be called income or as turnover. a few corporations acquire revenue from interest, royalties, or different costs.

Revenue is the overall quantity of earnings generated by way of the sale of goods or services associated with the organisation's number one operations. revenue, additionally called gross income, is often known as the "pinnacle line" because it sits on the top of the profits assertion.

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as new firms enter a monopolistically competitive market, profits of existing firms question 28 options: rise, and product diversity in the market increases. rise, and product diversity in the market decreases. decline, and product diversity in the market increases. decline, and product diversity in the market decreases.

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as new firms enter a monopolistically competitive market, profits of existing firms' question 28 options: decline, and product diversity in the market increases

Adding a new feature, a new sibling or a new product to an already existing product line are all examples of product diversification. As you expand to a new area, it may also include selling an old product under a new name.

Product diversification can take place at the corporate level or at different business levels. It is a tactic used by an organization to enter a new market where it already has a presence on a professional level. At the corporate level, it alludes to branching out into a new market beyond the purview of the firm's current offerings.

Product diversification makes the best use of the resources that are at hand.

Product diversification supports several investments, allowing losses from any one investment to be more fully absorbed.

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Suppose that using the centroid method you found the best location for a communications tower. The location happens to be in the middle of a pond. Then, you should locate the tower.

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Suppose that using the centroid method you found the best location for a communications tower. The location happens to be in the middle of a pond. Then, you should locate the tower after considering qualitative factors such as geography, roads and utilities to help find the exact location

What is the centroid method?

Agglomerative clustering techniques such as the centroid approach identify similarities (or differences) between clusters in terms of their centroids, or multidimensional means, for the variables that were employed in the clustering. Each integer in a vector that makes up a centroid represents the mean value of each variable for the observations in a given cluster. The cluster's multi-dimensional average, or centroid, can be considered. A classification model in machine learning known as a nearest centroid classifier or nearest prototype classifier labels observations with the name of the class of training samples whose mean (centroid).

Hence, Suppose that using the centroid method you found the best location for a communications tower. The location happens to be in the middle of a pond. Then, you should locate the tower after considering qualitative factors such as geography, roads and utilities to help find the exact location

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to boost sales, acme corp. launched a sales promotion effort that required individuals to compete for a free ipad by collecting stickers on the inside of packaging of acme widgets. this best describes a .

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It required people to collect stickers on the inside of ACME widget box in order to compete for a free iPad. This best sums up a game for consumers.

The goal of ACME Corporation is to create a sustainable business with significant social relevance and a dedication to inclusive growth. To this end, the company supports causes related to various issues, such as community well-being. The reason the fictitious ACME Corporation is given this name is because it sells a variety of hazardous, suspect, or absurd goods. It has been featured in a number of Warner Bros. animated shorts.

The "Acme City" whistle, manufactured by J Hudson & Co. from the middle of the 1870s onward, the "Acme Thunderer," and the "Acme Siren," which was introduced in 1895, are some examples of early brand names with the word "Acme."

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Salaries for physical therapists rise more than salaries for athletic trainers. What will happen in the labor market for athletic trainers?.

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Labor supply will decrease, resulting in higher wages and fewer hours of employment for the trainers.

Employment is a relationship between two parties that regulates the provision of paid labor services.

Typically under contract, an employer, which can be a bank, non-profit association, trade union, or other entity, pays the other party in exchange for performing the work assigned to it. Most often, the status of having a paid job - means employment. Hiring someone means paying him or her for work.

Employers guarantee the employment of their employees. Hiring can also mean the act of hiring a person. For example, we are working to increase the employment of women.

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which of the following statements regarding common stock is correct? a) growth stocks are so named because they pay dividends that grow at a constant rate. b) if jacob sells his xyz stock to darlene the day before the record date, jacob will receive the dividend for that period. c) during recessions, cyclical stocks typically perform better than defensive stocks. d) an investor who owns common stock in street name is issued a certificate of ownership by the corporation.

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Growth stocks are so named because they pay dividends that grow at a constant rate. Option (A) is correct .

What is dividend ?

A corporation's payout of profits to its shareholders is known as a dividend. A corporation is able to distribute a portion of its profit as a dividend to shareholders when it generates a profit or surplus.

Shareholders receive a dividend in proportion to their holdings, which is distributed as a fixed sum per share.

Any remaining funds are seized and reinvested in the company (called retained earnings). A corporation is typically not allowed to pay a dividend out of its capital; therefore, both the current year's profit and the retained earnings from prior years are eligible for distribution.

If the company has a dividend reinvestment plan, the amount may be paid to shareholders in cash or by the issuance of additional shares or the share repurchase of shares. The distribution may occasionally consist of assets.

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when economists talk about supply, they are referring to a relationship between the price in a market and the group of answer choices amount that producers collectively make available for sale. equilibrium quantity. amount that buyers wish to purchase.

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When economists talk about supply, they are referring to a relationship between the price in a market as well as equilibrium quantity.

So, the correct option is B.

The relationship between the amount provided and the price is known as the supply. The quantity supplied rises with an increase in price and falls with a decrease in price, according to the law of supply. The law of supply is the term used by economists to describe the correlation between price and quantity supplied that shows that higher prices result in higher quantities supplied while lower prices result in lower quantities supplied.

All other factors that influence supply are maintained constant according to the rule of supply. In other words, along the supply curve, prices and quantities are directly related. Producers always produce more at higher prices, and they always produce less at lower prices. The law of demand is how economists refer to this connection.

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state o has 300 miles of coastline, and due to the state's mild climate, residents and tourists alike engage in water sports offshore for eight months of the year. the tourist industry in the state is a $2 billion per year business, and state o promotes its beaches and water recreation facilities heavily on tv and radio throughout the country. in response to a growing number of injuries sustained by people on jet skis and other motorized sports equipment used on the water, and pursuant to a federal law authorizing state regulation of jet skis, the state enacted legislation regulating the manufacture and use of this equipment. the state o jet ski regulations required that every jet ski owned and operated in the state be equipped with two internal safety devices, one prohibiting the speed of the jet ski from exceeding 30 miles per hour and another preventing the engine from engaging if the person on the jet ski did not meet a minimum weight requirement as determined by the force exerted onto the jet ski by the seated person. the state regulations also imposed safety helmet and training requirements on all users of jet skis, including people with previous experience with the equipment. a state n manufacturer of water sports equipment makes 40 percent of its profit from the sale of jet skis. the manufacturer sells more than half of its jet skis in state o. the manufacturer determines that manufacturing its jet skis with the safety devices required by state o law would be cost-prohibitive. in a suit by the manufacturer in federal court in state o challenging the state jet ski safety regulations, will the manufacturer prevail?

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The manufacturer will prevail, because the State O regulations violate the Commerce Clause.

One of the United States Constitution's enumerated powers is described in the Commerce Clause. The United States Congress shall have the authority "to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes," according to the clause.

The Commerce Clause, in its most basic form, essentially grants Congress the power to regulate commerce while simultaneously limiting state authority to do so. Legal experts, however, put forth at least four interpretations regarding the scope of Congress' power under the Commerce Clause.

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giving workers responsibility for quality improvements and authority to make changes is known as multiple choice continuous improvement. passing the buck. benchmarking. employee empowerment. employee involvement.

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Theoretically, continuous improvement procedures make sense.Everyone understands the idea of continuous improvement, which they strive to implement in their daily job. Continuous improvement is the ongoing process of doing something better and enhancing it.

These ongoing improvements must be scaled up and repeated, though, in order to have an impact.

In truth, great innovations only become great after many iterations, therefore the great Aha moments are typically marketing myths.

This is why innovation relies so heavily on ongoing improvement.For instance, the Macintosh was unveiled following years of toil and innumerable adjustments.

The infamous Post-It notes experienced the same thing.It took several months of effort and commitment to produce such a successful product.

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What did the chinese workers build for landowners, such as reuben kercheval or pj, in order to reclaim swampland in the delta for farming?.

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Chan said landowners like Reuben Kercheval, P.J. Van Loben Sels and George D. Roberts hired Chinese laborers to build up the Delta levee system, work that ultimately brought the landowners huge returns on their investment.

Construction of the Transcontinental Railroad: The Contribution of 20,000 Chinese language Immigrants.

Chinese immigrants have been first reluctant to work for railroad firms, however, they quickly set up their importance.

Chinese language immigrants have been first reluctant to work for railroad companies, but they quickly hooked up their significance.

Chan claimed that to create the Delta levee system, landowners like Reuben Kercheval, P.J. van Loben Sels, and George D. Roberts used Chinese people, a move that ultimately resulted in the landowners receiving enormous returns on their funding.

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A creditor is investigating the liquidity of four companies. Based on their liquidity, which company is the creditor most likely to extend credit to?.

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The current ratio serves as a gauge of liquidity. A corporation is more likely to receive credit from a creditor and to be more liquid if the ratio is higher.

Explain about the current ratio?

The ideal current ratio for a company is between 1.2 and 2, which indicates that it has two times as many current assets as liabilities to service its debts. If the current ratio is less than 1, the company's liquid assets are insufficient to meet its current liabilities

Understanding current ratios. The current ratio calculates how well a company is able to cover its short-term or current liabilities, such as debts and payables, with its cash, inventory, and short-term receivables.

Your ability to pay off your debts increases as the ratio rises. You would find it challenging to meet your immediate liabilities and debts if your current ratio is low.

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Jared runs a personal training studio, earning $5,000 last month. His fixed costs are $4,000, and his variable costs are $3,500. Should jared shut down his business immediately?.

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Jared should not shut down his business immediately, because $5,000 covers his variable costs.

A company maximizes its income by means of selecting to supply the extent of output in which its marginal revenue equals its marginal price. Whilst marginal sales exceed the marginal value, the firm can earn more income by increasing its output.

The rural industry probably comes closest to displaying ideal opposition because it is characterized by using many small manufacturers with simply no capability to adjust the promoting fee of their products.

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acquire corp. has a business model based on making accretive acquisitions each year. the company has historically been successful in implementing its strategy. earnings per share have grown each of the last five years at a 15% compounded rate. acquire's two primary business segments are engineering construction and mining. during the past year, acquire purchased a services company with large net operating losses. the purchase price was one-half the company's current market value. the most appropriate technique to value acquire is based on its:

Answers

According to the question, the forward price-to-earnings ratio is the answer. Therefore option B is correct.

What is Ratio?

A financial ratio, also known as an accounting ratio, is the difference in magnitude between two specific numbers obtained from the financial accounts of an organization. There are numerous standard ratios that are frequently used in accounting to assess the overall financial health of a company or other entity.

By carefully examining both historical and current financial statements, investors and analysts use ratio analysis to assess a company's financial health. Comparative data may show how a business is doing over time and be used to predict how it will likely do in the future.

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Your Question was incomplete but most probably your question was.

Acquire corp. has a business model based on making accretive acquisitions each year. the company has historically been successful in implementing its strategy. earnings per share have grown each of the last five years at a 15% compounded rate. acquire's two primary business segments are engineering construction and mining. during the past year, the acquirer purchased a services company with large net operating losses. the purchase price was one-half the company's current market value. the most appropriate technique to value acquire is based on its:

A. price-to-book value ratio

B. forward price-to-earnings ratio

C. trailing price-to-sales ratio

what is a disadvantage of using group bonuses? group of answer choices physical outputs are not rewarded. it reduces the level of cooperation between the members of the group. the performance measures used are narrow. it could result in competition among groups. it cannot be used to promote specific goals.

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Physical outputs are not rewarded  is a disadvantage of using group bonuses. A bonus is a financial payment that exceeds the recipient's typical payment expectations.

A corporation may give bonuses as an incentive or to recognise excellent performance. Signing, referral, and retention incentives are examples of incentive bonuses that a business could offer to employees. A bonus is a form of payment made to a qualified employee in addition to their regular hourly income, contract sum, or annual salary. Although many businesses offer cash bonuses, a bonus can take any form as long as it benefits both the company and the employees.

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Carlo implemented some management changes that increased worker productivity in his company. This increased the _____ and led him to _____ workers.

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This increased the marginal revenue product of labor and led him to hire more workers.

What is marginal revenue?The additional income generated by hiring an additional employee is represented by the marginal revenue product of labor. The wage that the firm pays is the market wage rate established by the forces of supply and demand, and it represents the actual wage that the company is ready and able to pay for each new employee that they hire.This is so that the business does not have to decrease its prices in order to sell more units of its output when there is perfect competition since it is a price-taker. The market wage rate is a representation of the marginal

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when blank enter a new product market, the product has achieved its full market potential and sales tend to level off, or they may be in decline

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When late majority adopters enter a new product market, the product has achieved its full market potential and sales tend to level off, or they may be in decline.

What is a Product?

A final or finished good distributed in the market to serve the customers is called a Product. This product can be both goods and services in which goods are tangible and services are intangible

A new product has reached its maximum market potential when late majority adopters enter the market, and sales usually level off or even drop.

 In comparison to the early phases of the technology adoption lifecycle, the late majority is often older, less wealthy, and less knowledgeable.

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The three core business processes of people, strategy, and operations indicate a company’s overall ability to.

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The three core business processes of people, strategy, and operations indicate a company’s overall ability to effectively executing.

A business process is a set of related responsibilities that discover their quit inside the transport of a products or services to a patron. A business system has also been defined as a set of activities and responsibilities that, once finished, will accomplish an organizational purpose.

A business process, commercial enterprise approach or commercial enterprise feature is a group of related, based sports or responsibilities via people or system in which a specific sequence produces a service or product for a specific client or clients.

At its middle, a commercial enterprise procedure is a repeatable collection of steps a agency makes use of to perform a goal. excellent procedures are essential to making progress in the direction of your dreams and improving your business's operations. The motive of a enterprise procedure is to help your corporation reach a specific target.

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the long-run perfectly competitive equilibrium rev: 06 26 2018 multiple choice is realized only in constant-cost industries. will never change once it is realized. is not economically efficient. results in normal profits.

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The answer is option D The results will be in normal profits for perfect long run competition.

There are numerous enterprises in a market that is quite competitive. In the market, there are no obstacles to entering or leaving. The businesses are creating uniform items.

Due to the impossibility of new businesses entering the market anytime soon, businesses in this sector will experience significant short-term profitability.

However, as time goes on, businesses will be lured into the market by the lucrative profits made by the current businesses.

As a result, there will be more supply available on the market, which will cause the supply curve to shift to the left. The price of the product will decrease as a result of this leftward change in the supply curve.

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High quality, rapid decision making is necessary in industries characterized by constant, turbulent change in products, ______, and technology.

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High quality, rapid decision making is necessary in industries characterized by constant, turbulent change in products, markets and technology.

Why decision-making process is important in business?Complex decisions are made by an organization through the process of rapid decision-making.It requires appropriate, transparent, and impartial decision-making.Making judgments takes time, and if they are not effective, we waste our time, money, and productivity.Businesses seek to operate in ways that support their rapid decision-making pace.By setting priorities, the organization adds value and accomplishes its objectives.The executives should be involved in decisions that alter the organization's strategy because they are the ones who can make or break a decision.

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current empirical evidence seems to support the view that studying annual reports and earnings forecasts to identify mispriced stocks is:

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Current empirical evidence tends to support the idea that it is ineffective to discover mispriced equities by analysing annual reports and earnings estimates.

What is empirical evidence ?

Empirical evidence is proof, or what bolsters or refutes a claim, that is comprised of or accessible through sense experience or an experimental procedure. Empirical evidence is crucial to the sciences and has applications in many other disciplines, including law and epistemology.

The definitions of the words "evidence" and "empirical" are up for debate. Different fields frequently employ very dissimilar concepts. Evidence is used in epistemology to support beliefs and determine whether a belief is rational.

A posteriori knowledge, also known as empirical knowledge, is knowledge whose justification or falsification depends on experience or experiment. Empirical evidence is essential to this type of knowledge. On the other hand, a priori knowledge is thought to be either innate or justified by logical intuition and is not dependent on empirical evidence.

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members of congress are able to influence monetary policy albeit indirectly through their ability to

Answers

Central banks behavior financial policy with the aid of adjusting the provide of money, typically through open market operations.

For instance, a central financial institution can also limit the amount of money by using selling government bonds underneath a “sale and repurchase” agreement, thereby taking in cash from business banks.

Does Congress play a role in making monetary policy decisions?

Congress has delegated duty for economic coverage to the Federal Reserve (the Fed), the nation's central bank, however retains oversight duties for ensuring that the Fed is adhering to its statutory mandate of "maximum employment, secure prices, and reasonable long-term activity quotes

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recognizing that many customers want their shoes made in the usa is an example of this step in the continuous lean journey?

Answers

This is an example of identity customer value.A brand's significance and worth extend beyond its capacity for self-expression to include its function in aiding consumers in developing their own sense of self.

What is the meaning of customer identity?Based on the alignment of the brand image and the self-image, consumers build their identities through their brand selections.As a result, a brand's significance and worth extend beyond its capacity for self-expression to include its function in aiding consumers in developing their own sense of self. A approach for finding opportunities to streamline work, reduce waste, and boost production is known as lean continuous improvement.A pull-based system aims to reduce inventory and work-in-process while ensuring there are sufficient resources and knowledge to maximize work flow.On-demand production and just-in-time delivery are two typical examples of this.

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the skone corporation reported a lifo reserve of $25,000 at the end of the year. the beginning lifo reserve was $20,000. the cost of goods sold was $197,500 under lifo. the cost of goods sold under fifo should be:

Answers

The cost of goods sold was $197,500 under LIFO therefore, $192,500 is the cost of the goods sold under FIFO.

The following chart illustrates how the cost of products sold under FIFO is calculated:

= cost of items sold under the LIFO system (end of year LIFO reserve-beginning LIFO reserve)

$197,500 ($25,000 - $20,000)

$197,500-$5,000

= $192,500

Consequently, the price of items sold under FIFO

is $192,500

For bookkeeping purposes, the difference between the first in, first out (FIFO) and last in, first out (LIFO) costs of inventory is measured as the LIFO reserve. When a corporation employs the FIFO technique to maintain its inventory but reports under the LIFO method in the creation of its financial statements, the LIFO reserve is an account used to close the gap between FIFO and LIFO.

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when using discounted cash flow analysis for valuation, an appraiser will prepare a cash flow forecast, often referred to as a

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when using discounted cash flow analysis for valuation, an appraiser will prepare a cash flow forecast, often referred to as a pro forma.

The term pro forma is most usually used to explain a practice or report that is provided as a courtesy or satisfies minimal requirements, conforms to a norm or doctrine, tends to be finished perfunctorily or is considered a formality. The term is utilized in criminal and enterprise fields to consult various varieties of files that might be generated as a count of the route. Pro forma accounting is a declaration of the company's financial activities whilst with the exception of "uncommon and nonrecurring transactions" whilst declaring how much money the business enterprise clearly made. Examples of prices frequently excluded from pro forma effects are employer restructuring charges, a decline in the fee of the enterprise's investments, or other accounting expenses, including adjusting the modern balance sheet to restore defective accounting practices in previous years.

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