Fusion of one kidney's superior pole to the inferior pole of the contralateral kidney is most common in sigmoid kidney congenital abnormalities.
Congenital anomalies are morphological or functional abnormalities that arise during intrauterine life. These illnesses, sometimes known as birth abnormalities, congenital disorders, and congenital deformities, arise during pregnancy and can be detected before, during, or after delivery. Some congenital defects, including such cleft lip and palate, clubfoot, or hernias, can be corrected surgically or non-surgically. Others, like as heart problems, neural tube anomalies, or Down syndrome, can have long-term consequences.
Congenital abnormalities are a major contributor to the worldwide illness burden, with low- and middle-income nations bearing a disproportionate share of the burden. These places are also less prone to have facilities for treating reversible disorders like clubfoot, resulting in more apparent and long-term consequences.
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what property of matter is related to inertia? how could this information be applies to the selection of materials for your mousetrap
The property of matter that causes this law to hold true is inertia. The inertia of an object is proportional to its mass. Inertia, however, is not the same as mass or momentum.
Physical and chemical properties are present in all matter. Physical properties, such as mass, color, and volume, are characteristics that scientists can measure without changing the composition of the sample under investigation (the amount of space occupied by a sample). Chemical properties describe a substance's characteristic ability to react and form new substances; they include flammability and corrosion susceptibility. A pure substance has the same chemical and physical properties in all samples. Pure copper, for example, is always a reddish-brown solid (a physical property) that dissolves in dilute nitric acid to form a blue solution and a brown gas (a chemical property).
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The chemical form of energy that is usable by the cell to do work.
NADPH
ATP
glucose
NADH
All living species cells include the energy-carrying chemical adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
The correct option is B.
When food molecules are broken down, chemical energy is produced. ATP absorbs this energy and uses it to power other cellular operations. Chemical energy is needed by cells to power metabolic activities that would not take place naturally, to transport necessary molecules across membranes, and to carry out mechanical functions like muscle contraction. Chemical energy cannot be stored in ATP, but it may be in lipids and carbs like glycogen. ATP is created when a cell requires energy from storage molecules. ATP then transports the energy to regions of the cell where energy-intensive processes are occurring.
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the molecular and fossil records are in agreement with the appearance of animals. true or false
The given statement “The molecular and fossil records are in agreement with the appearance of animals.” is false because due to the rarity of fossilization, the fossil record is thought to be incomplete. The remains must be covered by sediments and left undisturbed for thousands of years in order for fossilization to take place.
One of the most important periods in the evolution of life was the emergence of animals, although the timing of this transition is still poorly understood. Animals are thought to have evolved and started to diversify more than 100 million years before the first conclusive Cambrian metazoan fossil evidence. Closer examination finds that, contrary to popular belief, there is less of a divergence between clock estimations and the fossil record. The presence of the crown-representatives of the majority of animal phyla in the Neoproterozoic is not predicted by contemporary clock analysis. In addition, a number of Neoproterozoic fossils can be reliably interpreted as metazoans despite obstacles posed by imperfect preservation, a lack of phylogenetically informative features, and hazy expectations about the anatomy of early animals.
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which of the sequences below best describes the sequential steps (numbered 1-5) in a signal transduction pathway that utilizes a g protein-coupled receptor?
The sequences below best is 3,1,5,2,4 .
A signal molecule binds to a receptor.The signal-receptor complex activates a G protein.cAMP is produced.Protein kinases are activated.Target proteins are phosphorylated.Many extracellular signals are detected by G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) and transduced to heterotrimeric G proteins, which then transduce these signals intracellular to suitable downstream effectors, playing a key part in numerous signaling cascades.
Kinase of proteins Signal molecules binding to G protein-coupled receptors can result in A activation.
The process by which a signal on the surface of a cell is transformed to a specific cellular response is known as signal transduction. Reception, transduction, and reaction are the three stages of signal transduction.
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Full Question ;
Which of the sequences below best describes the sequential steps (numbered 1-5) in a signal transduction pathway that utilizes a G protein-coupled receptor?
1.The signal-receptor complex activates a G protein.
2.Protein kinases are activated.
3.A signal molecule binds to a receptor.
4.Target proteins are phosphorylated.
5.cAMP is produced.
Proteins made by bound ribosomes either function within the endomembrane system or pass through it and are secreted from the cell.Which of the following proteins are synthesized by bound ribosomes
As they move through the endomembrane system and are released from the cell, ER protein, insulin, and lysosomal enzymes.
For the body, what purposes do proteins serve?Each and every human cell has protein. The essential component of proteins, an amino acid chain, is what gives them their structure. You need protein in your diet so that your body can repair broken cells and generate new ones. Furthermore, youngsters and children.
Can you get a lot of protein from peanut butter?In order to enhance their protein consumption, vegetarians may find it helpful to eat more peanut butter, which is a potent source of protein and high in heart-healthy fats. In a serving of 2 tablespoons of peanut butter, there can be up to 8 calories of protein & 2 to 3 grams of fiber.
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Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide will cause which of the following changes in oceanic chemistry? *Check all that apply.*
1. Lower pH
2. Increased level of carbonic acid
3. Decreased level of pH
4. Higher pH
Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide will cause lower pH in oceanic chemestry. So the correct option is 1.
What is the ocen acidification?The acidification of the ocean is a process in which the pH is going to be reduced, this is going to be given by an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, changing its chemical composition. This acidification occurs when by chemical reactions the ocean water absorbs carbon dioxide from the environment. This will occur naturally but due to the increase in carbon dioxide due to the industrial revolution, fuel burning and forest clearing.
This caused the ocean to have lowered its pH, which is a danger to creatures that live in the ocean. Acidification weakens the shells of ocean creatures and also affects corals and oysters.
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as part of homeostatic control by hormones, the metabolism of electrolytes and water balance is controlled in part by the renal system. what hormone synthesized by the kidneys affects water and electrolyte balance?
As part of homeostatic control by hormones, the metabolism of electrolytes and water balance is controlled in part by the renal system. Renin is synthesized by the kidneys affects water and electrolyte balance.
Hormones are the primary means of communication between organs and tissues. Hormones regulate a variety of physiological and behavioural functions in vertebrates, including those involved in digestion, metabolism, respiration, sensory perception, sleep, excretion, breastfeeding, inducing stress, growth and development, locomotion, reproduction, and mood regulation. From germination to senescence, practically every phase of plant development is regulated by hormones. Hormones change distant cells' activity by binding to particular receptor proteins in the target cell.
The complete question is:
As part of homeostatic control by hormones, the metabolism of electrolytes and water balance is controlled in part by the renal system. What hormone synthesized by the kidneys affects water and electrolyte balance?
a.Aldosterone
b.Renin
c.Vasopressin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
d.Insulin
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use the information given here to answer the following questions: feather color in budgies is determined by two different genes y and b, one for pigment on the outside and one for the inside of the feather. yybb, yybb, or yybb is green; yybb or yybb is blue; yybb or yybb is yellow; and yybb is white. two blue budgies were crossed. over the years, they produced 22 offspring, 5 of which were white. what are the most likely genotypes for the two blue budgies?
two blue budgies were crossed. over the years, they produced 22 offspring, 5 of which were white. yyBB and yyBb is the most likely genotypes for the two blue budgies
The genotype of an seed is determined by the combination of genes in the coitus cells or gametes( sperm and ova) that were present during generality. Each parent gave one coitus cell. coitus cells generally have only one dupe of each particularity's gene. Each of the two Punnett square boxes( across the top or on the left side) in which the parent genes for a particularity are placed actually represents one of the two possible genotypes for a parent coitus cell. Which of the two maternal clones of a gene is inherited is determined by which coitus cell is inherited; it's arbitrary.
Feather color in budgies are determined by two different genes Y and B, one for pigment on the outside and one for the inside of the feather. YYBB, YyBB, orYYBb is green: yyBB or yyBb is blue; YYbb or Yybb is yellow; and yybb is white.
Two blue bungies were crossed. Over the years, they produced 22 offspring, 5 of which were white. What are the most likely genotypes for the two blue bungie?
A.) yyBB and yyBB
B.) yyBb and yyBb
C.) yyBB and yyBb
D.) yyBB and yybb
E.) yyBb and yybb
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What benefit of intensive gardening makes it worthwhile for plant scientists?
Ο Α.
A. higher yields in a small space
OB.
use of more land
OC.
use of less water
O D.
decreased need for fertilizer and pesticide
Answer:
A. Higher yields in a small space.
Explanation:
Intensive gardening allows for higher yields in a smaller space, as compared to traditional farming. This makes it beneficial for plant scientists, as it allows them to use less land, water, and fertilizer and pesticide, while still producing a higher yield. Additionally, intensive gardening is a more sustainable form of agriculture, allowing for efficient and sustainable use of resources.
true or false: villi and microvilli of the small intestine serve to increase surface area to allow for greater digestion and absorption.
True ,The villi and microvilli are folds on the small intestine's surface. These folds enhance the surface area of the intestine and give more space for food absorption.
Microvilli: The cells of the villi are densely packed with small hairlike structures known as microvilli. This increases the surface area of each individual cell, allowing each cell to absorb more nutrients.
The plicae circulares increase the mucosa of the small intestine 1.6 times. Morphometric data acquired from biopsies using light and electron microscopy show that villi and microvilli combined expand the small intestine surface area by 60-120 times.
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what is the correct sequence showing the end product of the anaerobic respiration pathway in humans?
The correct sequence showing the end product of the anaerobic respiration pathway in humans is : Glucose → pyruvate → lactate.
Anaerobic respiration pathway, which comprise anaerobic respiration and fermentation, do not require oxygen. Some prokaryotes may perform anaerobic respiration, which is respiration where an inorganic molecule other than oxygen (O2) serves as the ultimate electron acceptor.
Fermentation is the process of producing ATP in the lack of oxygen by glycolysis alone. As a result, these two processes are known as lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
Anaerobic glycolysis does not require oxygen and generates ATP from the energy in glucose. This mechanism takes place within the cytoplasm and converts glucose into a simpler component known as pyruvate.
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using resources wisely, such as sustainably using trees in a forest (cutting a few and replanting), is an example of which ethic? group of answer choices sustainable preservation anthropocentric conservation
Sustainably using resources, such as trees in a forest, is an example of sustainable preservation ethic.
Sustainable preservation is an ethic that aims to balance the needs of human society and the environment. It emphasizes the responsible use of natural resources, such as forests, so that they can be preserved for future generations. It involves cutting a few trees and replanting them, to ensure that the forest continues to provide resources for human use, while also preserving the biodiversity of the ecosystem.
Sustainable preservation differs from anthropocentric conservation which focuses on the human use of natural resources and the protection of resources that are important to human society, sometimes at the expense of preserving biodiversity.
It's important to note that sustainable preservation is an approach that considers the long-term viability of natural resources, while also considering the needs of the human society, and it's a way to balance the use of resources with preserving the environment.
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In addition to predators, what other environmental factors might be responsible for the differences between Bear Paw Lake and Frog Lake stickleback populations? How would you test your prediction? Paragraph 3
Mineral composition and vegetation are two other environmental elements that could be responsible for the variations in stickleback populations between Bear Paw Lake and Frog Lake. This prediction is tested by measuring the water sample for mineral composition and determining the vegetation present.
Sticklebacks are ponds, lakes, ditches, and rivers inhabiting tiny, elongated fish. Some populations of these stickleback fish underwent physiological changes when they transitioned from surviving in the ocean to freshwater habitats. Pelvic spine loss was one prominent adaption.
The other environmental factors that are affecting the differences between pelvic spine in Bear Paw Lake and Frog Lake stickleback populations are the lake's mineral composition and vegetation.
To measure and test this prediction, first, we have to take water samples from both lakes and then measure the calcium and other minerals in them. The lake that has high calcium helps to form pelvic spines.
Another test is to measure vegetation to hide. The more vegetation present in the lake, there is more possibility the fishes can hide from the predators.
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if the ventral cells of an early frog gastrula were experimentally induced to express large amounts of a pro- tein that inhibits bmp-4, could a second embryo develop? explain.
Yes, second embryo could develop because inhibiting BMP-4 would have same effect as transplanting an organizer.
Why the cells in frog blastula and gastrula are of unequal sizes?The gastrula is bigger than the zygote and blastula because it has germ layers. The volume of the frog egg is almost 1.6 million times more than that of a typical frog cell. The egg will transform into a tadpole throughout embryonic development, which will have millions of cells but the same amount of organic material.
During the third week of human development, there is gastrulation. One of the most important stages of development, gastrulation produces the three basic germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm) and primes the system for organogenesis.
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which fact(s) below did you include in your explanation? the thing is currently living. it is not living now, but it was living in the past. it has all five characteristics of life: it has cells, uses energy, reproduces, responds to stimuli, and grows and develops.
The fact that the thing is currently living, it is not living now but it was living in the past, and it has all five characteristics of life: it has cells, uses energy, reproduces, responds to stimuli, and grows and develops.
Cells are the basic unit of life in all living organisms. They are the smallest unit of an organism that can perform all the functions necessary for life, such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Cells can be divided into two main categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells are simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells, and are found in organisms such as bacteria. Eukaryotic cells are more complex and are found in organisms such as animals, plants, and fungi. All cells have a cell membrane, which acts as a barrier to control the movement of materials in and out of the cell, and a cytoplasm, which contains the cell's organelles and enzymes.
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Diagram 1 shows the fossilized remains of the lower portion of a horse's leg. Each subsequent diagram shows the same portion of a horse's leg, but the diagrams are from progressively later time periods. Diagram 5 shows the most recent fossil.
Answer: D
What do these diagrams demonstrate?
A.
Modern horses have more toes than earlier species of horses.
B.
All living organisms have increased in size over time.
C.
Fossil evidence cannot be used to support evolution.
D.
fossil evidence can be used to show the evolution of a species over time
Drag each tile to the correct location on the diagram.
Sort the attributes based on whether they describe only Earth, only Mars, or both Earth and Mars.
Why isn't the fossil record 100% reliable?
Glucose is a large molecule that is transported across the cellmembrane through a gated channel, a type of transport proteinused during what diffusion
Glucose is a large molecule that is transported across the cell membrane through a gated channel, a type of transport protein used during Facilitated diffusion.
Easy prolixity is the unresistant movement of motes along the attention grade. It's a picky process, i.e., the membrane allows only picky motes and ions to pass through it. It, still, prevents other motes from passing through the membrane.
Eased prolixity is also called carrier-intermediated prolixity because a substance transported in this manner diffuses through the membrane with the help of a specific carrier protein. That is, the carrier facilitates the prolixity of the substance to the other side.
Two classes of proteins that intervene in eased prolixity are generally distinguished carrier proteins and channel proteins. Carrier proteins bind specific motes to be transported on one side of the membrane.
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Eight potato cylinder of the same size were used to investigate a certain physiological process. Four of the potato cylinders were placed in solution S. The other four potato cylinders were placed in solution T. After 2 hours, the potato cylinders from solution S were found to longer and stiff, while those from solution T were found to be shorter and flexible Explain the results in solution S and T.
Answer:
suggest answer for your qs
Explanation:
The results of the experiment suggest that the potato cylinders placed in solution S experienced an increase in size and stiffness due to osmosis. Osmosis is a process in which water moves from an area of higher water potential (solution S) to an area of lower water potential (the potato cylinders). This causes the potato cylinders to swell as the water moves into them. On the other hand, the potato cylinders placed in solution T experienced a decrease in size and flexibility due to osmosis. In this case, the water moves from an area of lower water potential (the potato cylinders) to an area of higher water potential (solution T). This causes the potato cylinders to shrink as the water moves out of them.
you are asked to find the location of a dna sequence resulting in a protein that is being overexpressed in a disease state. this sequence most likely resides within:
The correct option is D ; Not likely any of them, DNA sequencing is utilized in medicine for a variety of purposes, including illness diagnosis and therapy.
In general, sequencing allows healthcare practitioners to assess whether a gene or the area that controls a gene includes alterations that are associated to a condition, known as variations or mutations.
Each codon in mRNA is made up of three nucleotides, and each codon indicates a certain amino acid (hence, it is a triplet code). The mRNA sequence is therefore employed as a template to construct the chain of amino acids that make up a protein in the correct order.
Mass spectrometry and Edman degradation using a protein sequenator are the two most used direct techniques of protein sequencing (sequencer).
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Full Question ;
You are asked to find the location of a DNA sequence resulting in a protein that is being overexpressed during in a disease state.
This sequence most likely resides within:
heterochromatin
a long interspersed element (LINE)
a short tandem repeat (STR)
likely to be any of these
not likely to be be any of these
not likely any of them
The double bond between a carbon atom and two oxygen atoms (a molecule of carbon dioxide) has two characteristics.
What are they?
A. An ionic bond is formed between the oxygen and carbon atoms.
B. Four valence electrons are shared.
C. Two valence electrons are shared.
D. Valence electrons are shared between oxygen atoms
C and D. Two valence electrons are shared and valence electrons are shared between oxygen atoms.
A double bond between a carbon atom and two oxygen atoms (a molecule of carbon dioxide) is a covalent bond, not an ionic bond. In covalent bonding, atoms share electrons in order to fill their valence electron shells and achieve stability. In the case of a double bond between a carbon atom and two oxygen atoms, the carbon atom shares two valence electrons with each oxygen atom. This results in each oxygen atom having a full valence electron shell, and the carbon atom having four electrons in its valence shell. The sharing of these electrons creates a stable molecule of CO2.
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In order for the NMDA receptor to fully open and allow an influx of calcium, both glutamate and glycine must bind to cause a depolarization of the cell that will ultimately displace which ion? Is the NMDA receptor an ionotropic or metabotropic receptor?a. Sodium - ionotropicb. Sodium - metabotropicc. Magnesium - metabotropicd. Magnesium - ionotropic
The NMDA receptor an ionotropic is Magnesium - ionotropic.
What is NMDA receptor?NMDA receptors (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors) are a type of glutamate receptors found in the brain. They are involved in a variety of normal brain functions, including learning, memory, and neuronal development.NMDA receptors also play a role in modulating the release of neurotransmitters and have been implicated in a number of neurological disordersNMDA receptors are ionotropic, meaning they allow ions to pass through them, resulting in a change in the cell's electrical activity. They are also ligand-gated, meaning they open or close in response to the binding of specific molecules, such as glutamate and glycine.NMDA receptors are located on the surface of neurons and are composed of several parts, including a pore, which allows ions to pass through, and several subunits, which control the opening and closing of the receptor.Activation of NMDA receptors requires the binding of both glutamate and glycine, which opens the pore, allowing calcium ions to enter the neuron. The influx of calcium ions triggers a cascade of events in the neuron, resulting in the release of neurotransmitters, which then activate other neurons.To learn more about NMDA receptor refer to:
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why do you think that scientists do not hypothesize that an asteroid impact caused the permian-triassic extinction?
According to the asteroid impact hypothesis, a large asteroid caused the dinosaurs' mass extinction. Geologists were unaware that the demise of the dinosaurs was a result of significant disasters.
What are hypotheses, exactly?Essentially, a hypothesis is a statement that is put up for discussion and then tested for veracity. The hypothesis is formed to use the scientific method before any pertinent research is conducted, aside from a brief assessment of the background.
An effective hypothesis sentence is...Clear, testable, and including a prediction, a solid hypothesis statement. "Testable" refers to something that can be verified or refuted, but it also denotes something that can be tested without compromising moral principles.
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a newly formed zygote undergoes three cycles of division. what is the number of cells present and their size compared to the original zygote?
A newly formed zygote undergoes three cycles of division. The original zygote has 8 cells that are smaller.
For each consecutive division during cleavage, count the number of cells that remain using the formula 2n (n = cycles of division). For instance, 23 = 8 cells are present after 3 rounds of cell division.
There are two layers to the zygote: The trophoblast, which is the embryo's outer layer, gives rise to structures that aid in the embryo's implantation in the uterus of the mother. Pluripotent cells make up the inner cell mass, which is the inner layer. They develop into the cells of every type of bodily tissue.
Complete question:
A newly formed zygote undergoes three cycles of division. What is the number of cells present and their size compared to the original zygote?
A.3 cells that are the same size
B.3 cells that are larger
C.6 cells that are the same size
D.8 cells that are smaller
E.8 cells that are larger
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Choose the best spanish word to complete the sentence. esteban y felipe __________ a. biología. b. estudiamos c. estudian d. estudio e. estudiar
The most appropriate Spanish word to finish the statement is estudian. The Spanish word for "study" is estudiar. It is a typical verb in AR.
Describe a verb.A verb seems to be a word that denotes an activity, whether it be mechanical, mental, or existential. A verb is present in every sentence. When a term or pronoun is used to indicate what the adjective or pronouns is doing, verbs are nearly always employed as well.
Which three primary verb forms are there?Verbs, connection verbs, and assisting verbs are the three different categories of verbs. Verbs are expressions that convey an action or possession (e.g., give, eat, walk) (have, own, etc.). Both transitive and disjunctive verbs can be used with actions.
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a bundle of microtubules that help organize the movement of chromosomes during cell division
A collection of microtubules called a centriole directs the movement of chromosomes during cell division.
The centrosome plays a crucial role in the organization of cell division by the cell. When the nucleus and cytoplasm of two cells are moving apart from one another, numerous activities need to be coordinated. The structure of the cell that really coordinates the movement of the cells away from one another is the spindle, which is made of microtubules. The nuclear envelope is surrounded by a pair of barrel-shaped organelles in the cytoplasm of animal cells known as centrioles. Centrioles coordinate the microtubules that make up the cell's skeleton. They help identify the location of the cell's organelles and nucleus.
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nadia is exposed to high levels of radiation during the 6th, 7th, and 8th weeks of gestation. which organ structures in the fetus are most likely to show abnormalities? group of answer choices only the brain and spinal cord the heart and liver the palate of the mouth and the ears virtually all organ systems are vulnerable during this time
Nadia is exposed to high levels of radiation during the 6th, 7th, and 8th weeks of gestation so virtually all organ systems are vulnerable during this time.
There are 11 separate organ systems that make up the core of human anatomy and physiology. The 11 organ systems include the respiratory system, digestive and excretory system, circulatory system, urinary system, integumentary system, skeletal and muscular system, endocrine system, lymphatic system, neurological system, and reproductive system. The body has various systems in addition to organ systems. The immune system, which protects the body from infection, is not an organ system because it is not made up of organs.
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What type of selection is disruptive selection?
Disruptive selection is a type of natural selection that occurs when the environment favors individuals at both extremes of a trait population , while selecting. examples of disruptive selection are:
In a natural selection of finches, birds with larger beaks may be better able to crack open hard seeds, while birds with smaller beaks may be better able to feed on small insects. disruptive selection, Birds with beaks of intermediate size may not be able to perform either task as well and may be at a disadvantage. In a natural selection of plants, disruptive selection of plants with taller stems may be better able to compete for sunlight, while plants with shorter stems may be better able to survive in shade. In general, disruptive selection can occur when there are two distinct ecological niches, and the natural selection with traits that fit well into one of the niches have higher chances of survival and reproduction than the individuals with intermediate traits.
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studocu compare and contrast monosaccharides and polysaccharides. what is the difference between a carbohydrate and a lipid? how are unsaturated fats different from saturated fats?
Answer:
Monosaccharides and polysaccharides are both types of carbohydrates, but they have some key differences. Monosaccharides are simple sugars that cannot be broken down into smaller sugars, examples of monosaccharides are glucose and fructose. Polysaccharides, on the other hand, are complex carbohydrates made up of long chains of monosaccharides. Examples of polysaccharides include starch and glycogen.
Carbohydrates and lipids are two different types of biomolecules. Carbohydrates are made up of simple sugars and are an important source of energy for living organisms. Lipids, on the other hand, are a diverse group of biomolecules that include fats, waxes, and oils. They are not as important as a source of energy as carbohydrates but are essential for energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure.
Saturated fats and unsaturated fats are both types of lipids. Saturated fats have a high proportion of saturated fatty acids, which means that their carbon atoms are fully bonded to hydrogen atoms. They are typically solid at room temperature, and are usually derived from animal sources. Unsaturated fats have a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, which means that some of their carbon atoms are not fully bonded to hydrogen atoms. They are typically liquid at room temperature, and are usually derived from plant sources. Unsaturated fats are considered to be healthier than saturated fats, as they can help lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease.
Explanation:
Monosaccharides are simple carbohydrates made up of one sugar molecule, while polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of multiple sugar molecules. Carbohydrates are molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, while lipids are molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, as well as nitrogen, phosphorus, and/or sulfur. Unsaturated fats have at least one double bond between their carbon atoms, while saturated fats have only single bonds between their carbon atoms. Unsaturated fats are usually liquid at room temperature, while saturated fats are usually solid. Unsaturated fats can also be beneficial to health, while saturated fats can increase the risk of heart disease.
