We compared lipid dynamics and physiological responses during simulated wintering and transition to spring conditions in the cold-adapted blue mussel Mytilus edulis and the warm-water species oyster Crassostrea.
To simulate overwintering, animals were housed at 0 °C, 4 °C, and 9 °C for 3 months, then gradually switched to 20 °C and held at 20 °C for 5 weeks under spring-summer conditions. was simulated. Changes in lipid class and fatty acid composition were associated with clearance rates and oxygen consumption. We found that there are large interspecies differences in intriglyceride (TAG) metabolism during wintering. Mussels used her TAG stores in the digestive glands for energy metabolism or reproductive processes during the winter, whereas oysters did not accumulate large TAG stores prior to wintering. His TAG in mussels contained higher concentrations of 20:5n-3 compared to oysters and diet. This helps offset the cold effect by lowering the melting point of TAG and increasing the availability of cold storage fat. Mussels appear to be able to mobilize 20:5n-3 and 18:4n-3 more than other fatty acids. We also found that both mussels underwent major remodeling of membrane phospholipids. Unsaturation indices decreased in the gills and digestive glands of both species during the early stages of warming, mainly due to decreases in 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3. In the digestive glands, the desaturation index did not increase with decreasing temperature beyond a threshold reached at 9 °C, whereas it was completely negative in the gills, as predicted by the homeobiscus fit. ratio was observed. The presence of digestive enzymes and acids in the microenvironment of the digestive gland may create specific requirements for membrane stability.
However, That oysters had a lower metabolic rate than mussels, as predicted by Halbert's theory of membranes as metabolic pacemakers, is consistent with the lower desaturation index of their lipids.
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Identify the terms and characteristics associated with prokaryotic cells (such as bacteria) and those associated with eukaryotic cells.
These are the terms and characteristics associated with prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic Cells
What is a Nucleus?A cell's nucleus is a membrane-enclosed organelle that houses the chromosomes.The membrane that surrounds the nucleus separates the cytoplasm from the nucleus's contents.It is the DNA's residence. DNA contains the genetic information needed for the formation of various cell components as well as reproduction.Some critical cellular processes are also housed in the nucleus.Prokaryotic cells are defined by the following terms and characteristics: The nucleoid region of DNA, Circular chromosome, small cell size There are very few intracellular membranes.
Peptidoglycan-containing cell walls and Eukaryotic Cells: DNA within a nucleus Cells with a wide range of sizes, mitochondria, multiple membrane-enclosed organelles, and linear chromosomes.
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What is the difference between active and passivSome students used vinegar to dissolve away the shells of three eggs and used these eggs as models of human red blood cells. The students observed the changes in the eggs when they were placed in different solutions.
Which statement best describes the role of the cell membrane in this model?
-:---:--
Responses
The cell membrane is an impermeable barrier that prevents water from entering the cell
The cell membrane is an impermeable barrier that prevents water from entering the cell
The cell membrane allows water to enter and leave the cell
The cell membrane allows water to enter and leave the cell
The cell membrane allows solutes to enter the cell, which causes the cell to shrink
The cell membrane allows solutes to enter the cell, which causes the cell to shrink
The cell membrane removes solutes from the environment
e transport
This statement best describes the role of the cell membrane in this model the cell membrane allows water to enter and leave the cell.
The cell membrane is a selectively permeable membrane, permitting the passage of some non-polar and tiny molecules. The cell membrane allows water to freely flow through it in accordance with the concentration gradient. The membrane functioned as the egg's outermost covering once the shell was removed.Depending on the concentration gradient when the cells were submerged in a different solution, the water migrated into or out of the cells. When egg cells are submerged in a hypotonic solution, water seeps within, increasing the volume of the cell. In contrast, water escapes from an egg cell immersed in a hypertonic solution through the cell membrane, causing the egg to shrink. Osmosis is the term used to describe this passive water passage through the cell membrane.To know more about cell membrane, visit:
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What is the role of the snake in this food web?
a. heterotroph
b. autotroph
c. saprotroph
d. producer
The role of the snake in this food web is Heterotroph.
A heterotroph is a secondary consumer that eats other animals and plants to fulfil their energy needs.
They cannot produce their own food and rely on organic matter to substance for nutrition.
Snake eats other organisms such as rodents, birds, rabbits, insects, reptiles, slugs, earthworms, eggs of other animals, frogs, toads etc.
They eat food through their mouth and swallow them . Their nutrition is heterotrophic nutrition.
On the contrary, autotrophs produce their own food, producers also make their own food, while saprotroph rely on organic matter for their food and nutrition.
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Which estimated maximum heart rate formula is used for clients with high blood pressure?
TheThe formula of maximum heart rate is based on age , substrate your age by 220.
How does high blood pressure affect the heart rate?The tissue in your heart may remodel as a result of high blood pressure. For instance, the tissue could thicken in an effort to beat more forcefully. This thicker tissue has a harder time carrying electrical impulses. The longer it takes for electrical impulses to be transmitted,the slower your pulse may become as a result.
You can find your maximum heart rate based on your age. To estimate your maximum age related heart rate , subtrsubtracteacte your age from 220. For example, if you are 65 year old then your heart rate would be
220-65→155 beats per minute.
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If an embolus breaks off in a systemic vein in the leg, it would be able to pass through?
If an embolus breaks off in a systemic vein in the leg, it would be able to pass through the artery of lungs.
What is an embolus?An "embolus" is a blood clot that forms in a blood vessel in one part of the body, breaks off, and travels through the blood to another part of the body. An "emboli" indicates that there are multiple clots or plaque pieces.The term embolism refers to the movement of a clot or plaque from one location in the body to another.An embolism is a blood vessel blockage caused by an embolus.An embolus is a particle that travels through our blood vessels, either the veins or the arteries. The majority of emboli are made up of clotted blood cells. A thrombus is a stationary blood clot, and a thromboembolus is a moving blood clot.To know more about embolism:
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if a plant is exposed to light from all directions what would happen to the plant, considering light kills auxins?
how do nitrates travel throughout the ocean?
Answer:
The ocean absorbs nitrogen gas from the atmosphere.
Explanation:
In open ocean areas with low concentrations of nutrients (oligotrophic regions) some of this nitrogen is taken up by microbes and formed into various chemical compounds.
Helpp
1. Where the world's major volcanoes and mountains generally located?
A. they are randomly distributed
B. majority of them are found along the edges of some continents
C. majority of them are found at the center of some continents
D. they are scattered in all continents
2. How will you relate the distribution of earthquake epicenters and volcanoes?
A. mountain ranges are found in places where volcanoes or earthquake epicenters are also located.
B. mountain ranges cannot be found in places where volcanoes or earthquake epicenters are also located
C. mountain ranges, volcanoes and earthquake epicenters are scattered all over the continents.
D. mountain ranges, volcanoes and earthquake epicenters are located in transform fault boundaries.
Answer:
1. B. majority of them are found along the edges of some continents
2. D. mountain ranges, volcanoes and earthquake epicenters are located in transform fault boundaries.
Read the paragraph and answer questions I will mark brainlest
If a macrophage endocytoses (i.e., eats) an antigen it can digest it and present it on a ______________ major histocompatibility complex protein to a ______________.
Answer:Your answer is t cell receptor and epitope
Someone in the maternity ward has removed the ID bracelets of three babies. One of the mothers of the babies has panicked and wants to ensure that she gets her real baby. As a doctor, you have decided to do a blood test of the three babies and the parents. The babies’ blood types are A, AB, and O. The husband of the mother is type O, and she is type AB. Provide an explanation to the parents as to which baby must be theirs.
Answer: Baby with type A is the mother's baby
Explanation:
Father has blood type O (father received an O from each parent making him OO)
Mother has blood type is AB
Therefore the possible combinations of the child's blood type are AO and BO. Since A and B are dominant blood types and O is recessive- the baby can have blood type A if they received AO from their parents or B if they received BO from their parents.
Of the three babies with blood types O, AB and A, baby with blood type A belongs to the mother.
Explain what is happening to the earth when these changes occur. use complete sentences. explain what is happening to the earth when these changes occur. use complete sentences.
Answer:
Changes to Earth's climate driven by increased human emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases are already having widespread effects on the environment: glaciers and ice sheets are shrinking, river and lake ice is breaking up earlier, plant and animal geographic ranges are shifting, and plants and trees are blooming ...
Explanation: Global climate change is not a future problem. Changes to Earth’s climate driven by increased human emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases are already having widespread effects on the environment: glaciers and ice sheets are shrinking, river and lake ice is breaking up earlier, plant and animal geographic ranges are shifting, and plants and trees are blooming sooner.
Effects that scientists had long predicted would result from global climate change are now occurring, such as sea ice loss, accelerated sea level rise, and longer, more intense heat waves.
Which cranial nerve carries most taste signals from the tongue to the brain?
a. cranial nerve ii
b. cranial nerve vii
c. cranial nerve viii
d. cranial nerve i
(b) cranial nerve vii is the cranial nerve carries most taste signals from the tongue to the brain.
The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) and the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) are the two cranial nerves that innervate the tongue and are responsible for taste. The anterior (front) two-thirds of the tongue are innervated by the facial nerve, while the posterior (back) one-third of the tongue is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve.
The vagus nerve, also known as cranial nerve X, conveys taste information from the back of the mouth. The nucleus of the solitary tract is a region of the brain stem where the cranial nerves transmit taste information to the brain.
Information about tastes travels from the solitary tract's nucleus to the thalamus, then to the cerebral cortex. The limbic system also receives information about taste, just like it does for smell (hypothalamus and amygdala).
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_are CLIMATIC and geographically defined areas that contains ecologically similar plants, animals, and soil organisms. These areas of communities with similar characteristics are called __
Answer:biome
Explanation:
The structure of a prokaryotic cell membrane is much more complicated than the structure of a eukaryotic cell membrane.
a. true
b. false
Answer:
The structure of a prokaryotic cell membrane is much more complicated than the structure of a eukaryotic cell membrane is false.
Explanation:
They are not as complicated but are more simple than that of eukaryotic cells. Organelles inside membranes are only found in eukaryotes; they are absent in prokaryotes. DNA from prokaryotes is circular as well, but DNA from eukaryotes is linear. Prokaryotes being solely unicellular, but Eukaryotes can develop into multicellular organs. Prokaryotic cells have no membrane-bound organelles, in contrast to eukaryotic cells. Moreover, prokaryotic cells are much less physically complicated than eukaryotes, but because all of the biomolecules inside prokaryotic cells are moving about together, they are much more chemically complex. Eukaryotic cells are more complicated because organelles are divided into separate compartments. Therefore, they require a more complicated procedure like mitosis, that also evenly distributes the cytoplasm as well as organelles amongst some of the daughter cells.
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4. Which parts of blood transport materials in the human blood circulatory system? (1) Platelets (II) Plasma (II) Red blood cells (IV) White blood cells
Answer:
Plasma
Explanation:
Platelets are what heals cuts, Red blood cells are oxygen only and white blood cells are to fight infections.
Segments of double-stranded (duplex) dna of a chromatid that have noncomplementary regions are called?
Segments of double-stranded (duplex) DNA of a chromatid that have noncomplementary regions are called heteroduplex segments.
In the field of genetics, heteroduplex segments of the DNA are the regions of the DNA in which the strands are not complimentary to each other. Heteroduplex segments may be caused due to mismatches or insertions or deletions.
The two strands of the DNA are compatible with each other for the major part. However, an error such as a mismatch may occur which in turn causes a heteroduplex segment to form. In chromatids, heteroduplex segments may be present as a result of crossing over.
Heteroduplex segments are often created in the laboratory for testing purposes. It helps scientists in studying mismatched pairs so they can be diagnosed.
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Ash from ancient volcanoes blanketed the serengeti plain millions of years ago, helping to preserve in place what kind of record related to human evolution?.
Because of a random confluence of circumstances including a volcanic eruption, a downpour, and further ashfall, the Laetoli footprints were created and preserved.
What use do the Laetoli imprints serve?These findings support the idea that significant evolutionary changes to hominin bipedalism occurred within the last 3.66 million years, as the Laetoli footprints offer a clear snapshot of an early hominin bipedal gait that likely involved limb posture that was slightly but significantly different from our own. Myr
Seven million years ago, the oldest known human forebears were discovered there. In 1978, the oldest known biped was discovered there.
The earliest stone tools were created by Homo habilis during the early Stone Age, often known as the Lower Paleolithic.
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Neurons _____ connected physically and communicate with each other at the _____.
Answer:
Neurons ARE NOT connected physically and communicate with each other at the SYNAPSEExplanation:
ANSWER: "ARE NOT" AND "SYNAPSE"what kinds of fishes live in temperate forests?
I need it for my presentation, thank you!
Explanation:
fishes like Fish like angelfish, neon tetras, discus, and common algae eating catfish live in temperate forests
What portion of the nervous system both delivers commands to the muscles directing voluntary movement and communicates information back to the central nervous system?.
Answer:
somatic nerves
Explanation:
found in quizlet flashcards
Somatic nerves deliver commands to the muscles directing voluntary movement and communicating information back to the central nervous system.
The somatic nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system that is associated with the voluntary movements of the body.
It involves the nerves that go into muscles and skin and control the conscious movements of our body.
The somatic nerves enable to control and movement of the muscles throughout the body.
It feeds information related to our senses such as sound, taste, touch, and smell, back to the central nervous system.
Our sense of touch also uses somatic nerves to send information back to the central nervous system.
Only sight sense is the exception because the optic nerve cells are directly connected with the brain.
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Fossil evidence indicates that complex life forms developed approximately __________ years before present
Fossil evidence indicates that complex life forms developed approximately 3.5 billion years before present.
In addition to impressions, preserved remains, and indications of life, fossils represent the best-preserved evidence of past life on Earth. The most common sources of fossils are the hard parts of a creature, such as the exoskeleton, bones, stone imprints, and shells. Due to the unusual conditions that must exist for a fossil to form, they are exceedingly uncommon. The earliest fossil living forms date back 3.5 billion years. Cyanobacteria, one of the planet's first life forms, left behind these fossils. Since these cyanobacteria lived in thick bacterial mats, the fossil record has preserved them.
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The pedigree that follows is showing the inheritance pattern of deafness, a heterogeneous trait, in a family. what are the genotypes of individuals iv-5 and iv-6?
The majority of nonsyndromic hearing loss is passed down in an autosomal manner. Mutations in the GJB2 gene cause approximately half of all serious autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss; these cases are referred to as DFNB1.
GJB2-related hearing loss is one of the most common genetic factors of hearing loss, and it is classified as a recessive genetic disorder because the mutations only end up causing deafness in people who receive two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent.If only one of the hereditary copies from the parents is damaged, a dominant mutation that causes hearing loss. Recessive mutations cause hearing loss only if both copies of the gene are damaged, i.e. if both parents carry the gene mutation. Genetic changes in the SLC26A4 gene have been linked to the large vestibular aqueduct disorder (LVAS), whilst mutations in the GJB3 gene have been linked to nonsyndromic deafness. Nevertheless, the clinical phenotypes of such mutations vary and are not completely understood.Learn more about deafness here:
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If you look straight at an object when it is nearly
dark, you may find it difficult to see it. It is easier
to see if you look just to one side of it. Explain
why this is.
Although there are many different types of cells in the human eye, rods and cones are responsible for sensing light. Rods are more sensitive to light intensity than cones are to color. Rods have a considerably greater convergence and hence send more information per ganglion, making them more sensitive to light. This allows for crisper vision in low light conditions or the dark.
It is concentrated on areas of the retina that are predominately made up of rod photoreceptors when you are not looking directly at something. Compared to the cones, which are gathered in the area of the retina used for direct vision, they are more sensitive to low light.
More cones than rods are found in the fovea, the middle part of the eye that you perceive as the center of your field of vision. Cones can only detect specific light frequencies, which are typically absent in dark spaces. The rods are more wavelength sensitive. They are terrible at discriminating colors but excel at contrast. The fovea is surrounded by rods, so by avoiding direct eye contact with it, you can see more light coming from it.Learn more about the human eye here:
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Independent assortment predicts a 9:3:3:1 ratio with four different phenotypes in the f2 progeny. if the alleles are epistatic, what would you predict?
A gene is said to be epistasis when its presence suppresses the effect of a gene at another locus.
What does epistasis influence?What'smore, epistasis causes the marginal (i.e., additive) effects of alleles to be dependent on the prevailing genetic background. The additive component of genetic variance is therefore responsible for the immediate response of allele frequencies to selection, although these additive effects may vary over time.
Epistatic gene ,a gene that determines whether or not a trait will be expressed. The system skin color in man , example is independent of the gene responsible for albinism of skin color.
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What is contained in chromosomes?
A. genetic information
B. dense reserves of saccharides
C. ribosomes
Answer: I believe itś genetic information
Explanation:
There are DNA in chromosomes so it would have to be genetic information.
How did mendel’s monohybrid cross with round and wrinkled seeds and other single traits tested, directly contradict the blending hypothesis?.
The F1 progeny of a hybrid between round and wrinkled pure breed cell lines were fully round, not half round and wrinkled, as blending theory would suggest.
What is the name of Mendel's monohybrid cross?"A monohybrid cross is a cross between two individuals having homozygous genotypes that produce the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic characteristic." "A Monohybrid Cross is a cross characteristics of a monohybrid (TT and tt). A monohybrid results in the transfer of one gene.
What is the name of Mendel's second law?Mendel's Second Law - the law for independent assortment; the segregation of alleles from one allelic pair during gamete production is independent of the segregation of alleles from another allelic pair.
What is the Mendelian ratio?The ratio of incidence of various phenotypes in just about any cross containing Mendelian traits, particularly the 3:1 ratio demonstrated by the second filial generation with offspring from parents who differ in respect to a single character.
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Vibrio cholerae is an aerobic, non-spore-forming, gram-negative, bacillus. what does the aforementioned description tell you about the cell wall composition of vibrio cholera and regard to peptidoglycan?
A curved, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative rod with a length of 1.04–1.06 m is known as Vibrio cholerae. Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease that poses a serious health risk to people in developing countries. It is caused by a facultative human pathogen that is present in coastal waters.
The cell wall serves a variety of purposes. It is adaptable but gives the cell strength, assisting in preventing physical harm to the cell. Additionally, it provides the cell its shape and enables the organism to keep its overall shape. The cell wall can defend the cell from infections like bacteria that are attempting to enter. Numerous small molecules can pass through the cell wall due to its structure, but larger ones that could harm the cell cannot.
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Tundra how move with carbon though atmosphere?
Answer:
Boreal and northern tundra ecosystems typically obtain carbon (carbon sink) stored in plant biomass and new soil organic matter during the short summer growing season, when photosynthesis and plant growth are greater than normal. normal. carbon respired by plants and soil back into the atmosphere.
Explanation:
Meliosis is associated with the
Answer: Melioidosis, also called Whitmore's disease, is an infectious disease that can infect humans or animals. The disease is caused by the bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei or B. pseudomallei, which is found in contaminated soil and water.
Explanation:
