gpi-anchoring serves a special function, especially in polarized epithelial cell because this modification serves to target proteins to the RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum).
what is RER?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), a network of interconnected flattened sacs that is an organelle with a continuous membrane found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and is essential for protein production.
The RER is linked to numerous functions in protein production, including sorting, folding, and post-translational modifications. The mature
(lo 3.12, 3.5, 3.11) the cytoskeleton plays a big role in the mitotic cell cycle. microtubules are used in the mitotic cell cycle for
The cytoskeleton plays a major role in the mitotic cell cycle. Microtubules are used to pull sister chromatids apart in the mitotic cell cycle
The cytoskeleton is a structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization, and also provides mechanical support that allows cells to perform important functions such as division and motility. The cytoskeleton does not have a single component. The cytoskeleton is a complex and dynamic network of interconnected protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells, including bacteria and archaea. In eukaryotes, it extends from the cell nucleus to the cell membrane and is composed of similar proteins from different organisms. In eukaryotes, there are the three types of the protein fibers in the the or the cytoskeleton. Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules.
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acts as a distribution center for cell proteins
Answer:
The Golgi Apparatus ✔️
Explanation:
the Golgi apparatus, or Golgi complex, functions as a factory in which proteins received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations: lysosomes the plasma membrane or secretion.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
For cell proteins, the Golgi apparatus serves as a distribution hub.
In eukaryotic species, the Golgi apparatus is an organelle that transports molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum to their final location. The organelle also transforms endoplasmic reticulum products into their finished state. A collection of flattened sacs that protrude from the endoplasmic reticulum make up the Golgi apparatus.
Proteins from the ER are processed and sorted in the Golgi apparatus, or Golgi complex, which serves as a factory where they are eventually transported to lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion. Furthermore, the Golgi is where sphingomyelin and glycolipids are produced, as was already mentioned. The complex polysaccharides that make up the cell wall of plant cells are also created in the Golgi apparatus. In order to handle the wide variety of biological components that go down the secretory route, the Golgi apparatus is involved.
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disorder of red blood cell morphology: a.monocytosis b.multiple myeloma c.acute myelocytic leukemia d.poikilocytosis e.hemochromatosis
Poikilocytosis, which can affect up to 10% of all red blood cells, is the term used to describe an increase of abnormally shaped red blood cells.
What does a poikilocytosis result in?The disease known as poikilocytosis occurs when 10% or more of the red blood cells have aberrant shapes as a result of various medical disorders. These cells can have pointy projections or flat, elongated, teardrop-shaped, sickle- or crescent-shaped morphologies. They can also have pointy projections.
Poikilocytosis: Is it serious?The cause and how quickly you receive treatment will determine your long-term prognosis for poikilocytosis. Iron deficiency-related anemia is treatable and frequently curable, although it can be hazardous if left untreated. If you are pregnant, this is particularly true.
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Which property of water is most responsible for water moving from the roots to the leaves of a plant?.
Capillary action is the property of water is most responsible for water moving from the roots to the leaves of a plant.
What is Capillary action?Capillary action is the process by which liquids flow in a confined space without support or against external forces such as gravity.Examples of capillary action include the absorption of water by Paris paper and gypsum (two porous materials), the absorption of paint between brush bristles, and the movement of water through sand.This is caused by intermolecular forces between the liquid and the surrounding solid surface. If the tube diameter is small enough, a combination of surface tension (caused by cohesive forces within the liquid) and adhesive forces between the liquid and the vessel wall act to propel the liquid.Cohesion: It is an intermolecular bond of matter that maintains a certain liquid shape due to mutual attraction.Surface tension: This occurs as a result of cohesive forces like molecules binding together to form a surface that is fairly impermeable to water bodies.To learn more about Capillary action from the given link :
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How do you find the rational roots of a function?.
The Rational Zeros Theorem
The Rational Zeros Theorem states:
If P(x) is a polynomial with integer coefficients and if is a zero of P(x)
(P = 0), then p
is a factor of the constant term of P(x)
and q is a factor of the leading coefficient of P(x)
These are the following steps:
Order the polynomials in decreasing value.List each component of the constant phrase. These are all the p values that are conceivable.Record each component of the leading coefficient.Make a list of all possible values.To determine the values for which P() = 0, use synthetic division.To learn more about rational roots at:
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It is in the medulla oblongata that corticospinal tracts ______, meaning that the motor fibers originating from the right cerebral cortex descend through the left side of the spinal cord, and vice versa.
It is in the medulla oblongata that corticospinal tracts decussate, meaning that the motor fibers originating from the right cerebral cortex descend through the left side of the spinal cord, and vice versa.
The lateral corticospinal tract is made up of the fibers that have decussed. They will enter the spinal cord, causing movement on the side of the body opposite the brain hemisphere from which they originate.
The corticospinal and corticonuclear tracts decussate above each relevant cranial nerve nucleus, respectively, at the junction of the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord. Therefore, while the lower motor nuclei of cranial nerves receive bilateral innervation, lower motor neurons of the body's musculature receive motor input primarily from the contralateral hemisphere.
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which of the following goes against the stimulus substitution model? a. the cs becomes a substitute for the us - maybe b. the us can determine the form of cr (conditioned response) c. the cs can determine the form of cr (conditioned response) d. the cr (conditioned response) is the same as the ur (unconditioned response)
The stimulus substitution paradigm is defied by the fact that the cr (resulting in the ability) and ur (unconditioned response) are identical.
Why is the traditional theory of Pavlov's conditioning referred to as the theory of stimulus substitution?According to Pavlov, training is the propensity to react to new stimuli in the same way that one has in the past rather than the learning of any new behavior. Thus, he proposed that in triggering the reflex response, the CS merely acts as the US's stand-in. The sensory theory of conditioning is the name given to this explanation.
What is the stimulus substitution theory's main flaw?A classical conditioning theory called the stimulus-substitution theory suggests that the CS functions as a replacement for the US. This theory's main flaw is that the CR or UR can occasionally diverge significantly.
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rue or false? organisms must maintain homeostasis because optimal enzyme activity is achieved within a very narrow range of conditions.
True. Two elements that influence enzyme activity are temperature and pH, both of which must be kept within a predetermined range.
What is a simple definition of enzyme?An enzyme is a type of biological catalyst that is typically always a protein. It quickens a certain chemical reaction inside the cell. The enzyme either remains active during the process or is not eliminated.
What kind of an enzyme is that?specific instances of enzymes
Several examples are as follows: Lipases: This group of digestive enzymes helps the gastrointestinal tract break down lipids. Amylase: In the saliva, amylase helps turn carbohydrates into sugars. Glucose is produced from the sugar malted grains by the salivary enzyme maltose.
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complete the concept map to describe the abo blood groups and the basis of transfusion reactions. drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.
Individuals with blood type A reject B blood. Individuals with blood type B reject A blood. Individuals with blood type AB accept all blood types. Individuals with blood type 0 reject A, B, and AB blood types. Concept map in the attached files.
What is the ABO blood type?
Blood type ABO is determined by a triallelic gene I.
Alleles
IAIBi→ IA and IB are codominant, meaning that when they are together in the same genotype, both of them are expressed.
→ IA and IB express complete dominance over i, meaning that the dominant IA and IB alelles hide the expression of the recessive allele i in heterozygous individuals.
Genotypes Phenotype
IAIA, IAi ⇒ Blood type A
IBIB, IBi ⇒ Blood type B
IAIB ⇒ Blood type AB
ii ⇒ Blood type 0
A person's blood type depends on the type of proteins present in the red cells. These proteins are the antigens.
White cells produce antibodies that recognize antigens when they identify them as strange bodies.
This antigen-antibody relationship must be considered during transfusions, because if the donated blood has antigens that are not recognized by the receptor's blood, it might agglutinate, and the organism rejects it.
Blood type A
Antigens A in their red cells Antibodies anti-B in plasmaReject B blood type.Blood type B
Antigens B in their red cells Antibodies anti-A in plasmaReject A blood type.Blood type AB
Antigens A and B in their red cells There are no antibodies in the plasmaNo blood type is rejected.Blood type 0
No Antigens present in their red cells Antibodies anti-A and anti-B in plasmaReject A and B blood types.In the attached files you will find the complete concept map.
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Which base is not found in DNA?.
Answer: Uracil
Explanation:
Uracil is a base that is not found in DNA
at the beginning of the embryonic period, the system develops first. a. nervous b. circulatory c. digestive d. skeleta
At the beginning of the embryonic period, the system develops first the nervous system.
Nervous system is one of the first matters to develop. It consists of the formation of your baby's brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
The starting of the 1/3 week after idea marks the begin of the embryonic period, a time whilst the mass of cells will become awesome as a human. The embryonic degree performs an vital function withinside the improvement of the brain. Approximately 4 weeks after idea, the neural tube forms.
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approximately what percentage of the human genome consists of repetitive dna or transposable elements? 10 percent 5 percent 25 percent 1 percent 50 percent
50% of the human genome consists of repetitive DNA or transposable elements.
What is repetitive DNA?
Patters of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) occurring multiple times throughout the genome is called repetitive DNA. It was first discovered due to its rapid re-association kinetics.
A significant fraction of genomic DNA in many organisms is highly repetitive. In humans, over two thirds of the genomic sequence consists of repeated elements.
A high degree of polymorphism exists in these repeated sequences. This is because of the variation in the number of their repeated units often caused by mutations that involve several mechanisms.
An increase in repeated DNA sequences is followed by a number of genetic diseases. The fragile X syndrome is associated with the repeat sequence CpGpG. Other examples include huntington’s chorea (CAG), spinobulbar muscular dystrophy (CAG), etc.
So, about 50% of the human genome consists of repetitive DNA or transposable elements.
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where does the kreb's cycle take place? a.golgi apparatus b.nucleus c.cytosol d.mitochondria e.plasma membrane
Kreb's cycle take place in mitochondria and is catalysed by the enzyme citrate synthase where molecule coA is released.
What is kreb cycle and how does it take place and what are the products of krebs cycle?Krebs cycle first of all takes place in mitochondria and not in golgi apparatus or nucleus or cytosol or plasma membrane.Krebs's cycle starts with the condensation of acetyl group with oxaloacetic acid and water to yield citric acid.The reaction is catalysed by the enzyme citrate synthase and a molecule of coA is released.The continued oxidation of acetyl CoA via the TCA cycle requires the continued replenishment of oxaloacetic acid, the first member of the cycle.In a coupled reaction GTP is converted to GDP with the simultaneous synthesis of ATP from ADP.To know more about mitochondria visit:
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plants use various hormones and enzymes to respond to changes in day length (photoperiod) and to trigger events such as dormancy and flowering. how will these molecules respond in plants living in locations with shorter daylight hours?
In order to expose certain cyanobacterial segments to various light wavelengths, a researcher lit a filament of cyanobacteria with light that traveled through a prism.
After several weeks of exposure, he discovered that the bacteria in the green light transformed from green to red, yet they continued to reproduce at the same rate. What can you infer from the cyanobacteria's altered coloration after being exposed to green light
The exposure to the green light resulted in the production of more chlorophyll a.The cyanobacteria were perishing and their color was altering as a result.Chloroplasts were absorbing red light as opposed to green light.Learn more about to photoperiod visit here:
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Help, please!
Describe two ways that plants or animals can respond to changes in their surroundings.
Plants have the capacity to respond to stimuli such as water, light , touch, etc., in their environment.
How do plants respond to changes in their environment?Plants are able to respond to changes in their environment by making changes to their physiology accordingly.
The response of plants to light stimulus is what is generally known as phototropism. Plants respond to light by moving towards or away from light sources. Usually, the response involves the movement of some parts of a plant and not the entire plant. For example, the shoots of plants will always move toward light while their roots will always move away from light.
Another stimulus that plants have the capacity to respond to is the force of gravity, otherwise known as gravitropism. The force of gravity act vertically downward on every matter present on earth. The roots of plants generally grow downward in the direction of gravity while their shoots will always grow against the force of gravity.
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use the same principles as above for the molecular weight calculation to now calculate hte theoretical molecular weight of the whole triblock copolymer
Any polymer's total molecular weight is determined by multiplying the molecular weight of the monomer by the degree of polymerization.
How is theoretical molecular weight determined?Using their periodic tables, we can calculate the atomic weights of the elements. We find that hydrogen has an atomic weight of 1, while that of oxygen is 16. We sum the contributions from each atom to determine the molecular weight of one water molecule, which is 2(1) + 1(16) = 18 grams/mole.
How can you use NMR spectroscopy analysis to determine the molecular weight of polymers?By comparing the NMR absorptions of chain segments in a polymeric structure to those of non-polymeric segments ("near-end" groups), it is possible to determine the polymer's average molecular weight.
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a student observes the structure of a neuron under the microscope. the cell has a central soma with two cell processes emerging, one on each side. one cell process receives input from another cell while the second cell process is responsible for generating output. what is the structural classification of this neuron?
The structural classification of a central soma process receives input from another cell while the second cell process responsible for generating output is the bipolar neuron.
What is the bipolar neuron?Bipolаr neuron is а type of interneuron thаt hаs two neurites, usuаlly аn аxon аnd а dendrite, extending from opposite poles of аn ovoid cell body. Bipolаr neurons аre found in the retinа of the eye, the roof of the nаsаl cаvity, аnd inner eаr. They аre аlwаys sensory аnd cаrry informаtion аbout vision, olfаction, equilibrium, аnd heаring.
The structure of bipolаr neurons is similаr to thаt of pseudounipolаr neurons in thаt two distinct structures stem from the cell body (or soma). However, insteаd of stаrting аs one extension thаt splits into two, the structures grow independently out of the cell body.
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A woman has her personal genome analyzed for the brca1 mutation after learning that her father is heterozygous and carries one mutant allele. What is her chance of inheriting the mutant allele from her father?.
She has a 50% probability of receiving her father's mutant allele.
When one gene has the capacity to alter the impact of a second gene?In an organism, two possibilities (such possessing the genotype BB or Bb) are incompatible. Recessiveness is a term used to describe a situation in which one gene can affect how another gene behaves.
Which of the following takes place during RNA processing?Three different types of RNA processing events can be distinguished: trimming one or both ends of the primary transcript to the mature RNA length; splicing RNA to remove internal RNA sequences; and modifying RNA nucleotides either at the ends of an RNA or within the body of the RNA.
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If we compare photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy conversions involved, we observe that in–.
Mobile breathing stores ATP, at the same time as photosynthesis releases ATP. cellular breathing produces oxygen, even as photosynthesis makes use of oxygen. Photosynthesis releases energy, at the same time as cellular respiration shops energy. Photosynthesis used carbon dioxide, even as cellular breathing produces carbon dioxide.
Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. Glucose is used as food through the plant and oxygen is a . mobile breathing converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are by using- products and ATP is strength this is transformed from the system.
Cellular respiratory is an example of the regulation of Conservation of strength as it transforms glucose, an power supply, into ATP electricity. Photosynthesis produces glucose, then cell respiratory uses it to make electricity together with carbon dioxide.
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If a drug that specifically prevented the interaction of cytochrome c with other proteins was added to respiring mitochondria in a test tube, what effects would be observed?.
Reduced cofactors (NADH/FADH2) would build if a medication that selectively blocked the interaction of cytochrome c with other proteins were introduced to respiring mitochondria in a test tube.
It has been discovered that mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt c) controls both cellular energy metabolism and apoptosis. Once released into the cytoplasm, cyt c can start the caspase activation cascade by interacting with apoptotic protease activating factors (Apaf). The mitochondrial electron transport chain is functionally connected to cytochrome c. This electron transport is a step in the process of making ATP. To move electrons from one complex of integral membrane proteins of the inner mitochondrial membrane to another is the function of cytochrome c.
The specific processes governing cytochrome c release from mitochondria during the early stages of apoptosis are yet unknown. In this study, we show that cytochrome c release necessitates a two-step procedure using isolated liver mitochondria. Cofactors that are utilised in a number of metabolic activities include NADH and FADH2. They participate in a variety of oxidation-reduction reactions as well. NAD+ and FAD+ are respectively converted to NADH and FADH2 when they absorb electrons.
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I need help on all of these
compared with sponges, cnidarians have a wider array of cell types, permitting more sophisticated tissue functions. these functions include:
Phylum Cnidaria includes animals that show radial or biradial symmetry and are diploblastic, meaning that they develop from two embryonic layers, ectoderm and endoderm. Nearly all (about 99 percent) of cnidarians are marine species.
Whereas the defining cell type for sponges is the choanocyte, the defining cell type for cnidarians is the cnidocyte or stinging cell. These cells are located around the mouth and on top of the tentacles, and function to catch prey or repel predators. Cnidocytes have large stinging organelles called nematocysts, which usually contain spines at the base of a long coiled thread. The outer wall of the cell has hair-like projections called cnidocils, which are sensitive to tactile stimuli.
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Fishing techniques that are too effective can cause marine species to go below recovery levels. This can cause a ____
A. change in climate
B. acidic waters
C. loss of biodiversity
D. plastic waste
Answer:
The answer is C
Explanation:
i took the quiz and it was right
which of the following statements about filtrate is incorrect?
a. The filtrate is collected within the renal cortex.
b. The filtrate is similar to blood plasma.
c. The filtrate has the same osmotic pressure as blood plasma.
d. The filtrate is produced within the proximal convoluted tubule
The filtrate is collected within the renal cortex.
What is Filtrate?Filtration is a physical separation procedure that uses a filter medium with a complicated structure that only allows fluid to pass through it to separate solid particles and liquid from a combination.
Filtrate is the term for the liquid that passes through the filter medium and is used to describe solid particles that are too large to pass. Larger-than-average particles have the potential to blind the filter by blocking the filter lattice and forming a filter cake on top of the filter.
The term "effective pore size" refers to the size of the biggest particles that may successfully pass through a filter. The separation of solid and fluid is insufficient; some fluid will contaminate the solids, and the filtrate will include some solids.
Therefore, The filtrate is collected within the renal cortex.
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explain how photosynthesis, cellular respiration, the carbon cycle, and climate change are all interconnected and related to each other.
The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration both play an important role in the carbon cycle and contribute significantly to climate change.
The process of Photosynthesis is such that plants release O₂ into the air while taking in all the atmospheric CO₂. On the other hand, in cellular respiration, CO₂ is released into the air. This means that whatever carbon dioxide is released during cellular respiration gets taken in by the plants back during photosynthesis. Since Carbon is being recycled actively here, these two processes become a part of the carbon cycle.
If the number of humans significantly increases as compared to the number of plants, the amount of CO₂ released would be more. This would lead to an imbalance and increase in Carbon dioxide in the air which would, in turn, lead to a rise in temperature. This rise in temperature is what we mean when we say climate change. Therefore, all four processes mentioned are interconnected and related to each other.
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Explain how the cell membrane is important to the health of a cell.
Answer:
The cell membrane is important to the health of a cell because it provides protection to the cell.
Explanation:
(The cell membrane is the outer covering of the cell)
if a muscle cell is stimulated to contract, allowed to partially relax, then stimulated again, its force of contraction the second time will be .
If a muscle cell is stimulated to contract, allowed to partially relax, then stimulated again, its force of contraction the second time will be higher.
A single motor unit could be gradually stimulated with increasingly higher frequency action potentials to increase the contraction the muscle produces. Wave summation is the name for this phenomena. A condition known as tetanus would eventually result from the frequency of action potentials becoming so high that there would be no time for the muscle to relax between each successive stimulus.
Motor units activate asynchronously when a muscle contracts, which means that one contracts first, then another does so a split second later before the first has time to relax, and so on. Therefore, the entire muscle contraction is very smooth and controlled rather than a quick movement.
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When water vapor in the atmosphere comes in contact with cool air, it releases energy into the atmosphere, allowing the formation of clouds. What is the name of this process?.
The process of formation of clouds allowed by water vapor in the atmosphere after it comes in contact with cool air and releases energy into the atmosphere is called condensation.
Condensation, which is the opposite of vaporisation, is the transformation of matter from its gaseous state into its liquid state. The water cycle is what the phrase most frequently alludes to. Another way to describe it is as the transformation of water vapour into liquid water when it comes into touch with a solid, liquid, or cloud condensation nucleus in the atmosphere. Deposition is the term for the change that occurs when the gaseous phase directly transitions into the solid phase.
Condensation begins when atomic or molecule clusters of that species form within its gaseous volume, similar to how raindrops or snowflakes form within clouds, or when the gaseous phase makes contact with a liquid or solid surface. Water-nucleating proteins, which are made by atmospheric bacteria and have the ability to bind either gaseous or liquid water molecules, can catalyse this in clouds.
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An organic valley advertisement for a new protein shake features a young woman on the go. It prominently displays the protein grams per serving on the label, suggesting that this shake is the quick and easy solution to a healthy, morning meal. Which type of appeal is this ad using?.
The ad is using Rational type of appeal.
What is Rational appeal?
Rational appeals use logic, facts, and data to convince consumers to buy products, and are often found in advertisements for medications, cookware, and cleaning products. They focus on the consumers practical, functional need and utility for the product or service.
The rational appeal is one of many advertising strategies used by marketers to persuade people to buy products, pay for services, donate to causes, or be persuaded. This appeal aims to win over the audiences into buying something or taking a certain action by addressing their rational side and using logic.
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The development of pubic hair, though located around the external genitalia which are involved in reproduction, is still considered to be a __________ sexual characteristic.
Answer:
secondary
Explanation:
they are considered secondary and or non- secondary because they are features on both sexes
