The answers include the following:
Heat is a measure of thermal energy which is denoted as option C.Temperature is proportional to the average kinetic energy and is denoted as option B.What is Temperature?This is referred to as the degree of hotness or coldness of a substance and it is the direct measurement of thermal energy. Its S.I unit is referred to as Kelvin and it is measured using the instrument known as thermometer which uses various techniques to obtain accurate results.
It is also proportional to the average kinetic energy of a substance thereby making it the correct choice.
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Water from jordan lake was analyzed for its fe3+ content. A 20. 0-ml sample of lake water was acidified with nitric acid and treated with excess kscn to form a red complex (kscn itself is colorless). The solution was then diluted to 50. 0-ml and put in a 1. 00 cm pathlength cell, where it yielded an absorbance of 0. 345. For comparison, a 5. 0-ml reference sample of 4. 80 x 10-4 m fe3+ was treated with hno3 and kscn and diluted to 50. 0 ml. The reference solution was also placed in a 1. 00-cm cell and gave an absorbance of 0. 512. What is the concentration of fe3+ in jordan lake?.
The concentration of Fe³⁺ in Jordan Lake is = 8.09 × 10⁻⁵ M
What is Lambert-Beer law?The Beer-Lambert Law, also known as Beer's Law, Lambert-Beer Law, or Beer-Lambert-Bouguer Law, relates the attenuation of light to the properties of the material through which the light passes.
According to Lambert-Beer's law, the absorbance of a sample is directly proportional to its concentration.
The reaction that produces a red complex
Fe³⁺ + KScN ⇒ Fe ( SCN )₃ ( red complex )
Concentration of Fe³⁺ in reference sample
= 4.80x10⁻⁴ × ( 5.0 / 50.0 ) = 4.80 × 10⁻⁵M
Reference sample was diluted from 5.0 mL to 50.0 mL
Concentration of 4.80 × 10⁻⁵M has an absorbance = 0.512
Given that Lake sample absorbance is 0.345
Concentration of lake sample :
= absorbance of lake sample × ( conc of reference sample / absorbance )
= 0.345 × (4.80* 10⁻⁵ / 0.512) = 3.23 × 10⁻⁵M.
Concentration of Fe³⁺ in Jordan lake
= 3.23 × 10⁻⁵ × ( 50.0mL / 20.0mL) = 8.09 × 10⁻⁵ M
Solution was diluted from 20.0 mL to 50.0 mL
Hence we can conclude that The concentration of Fe³⁺ in Jordan Lake is = 8.09 × 10⁻⁵ M.
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a 25.0-ml aliquot of an aqueous quinine solution was diluted to 50.0 ml and found to have an absorbance of 0.636 at 348 nm when measured in a 2.50-cm cell. a second 25.0-ml aliquot was mixed with 10.00 ml of a solution containing 23.1 ppm of quinine; after dilution to 50.0 ml, this solution had an absorbance of 0.903 (2.50-cm cell). calculate the concentration of quinine in parts per m
The concentration of quinine in parts per million when the solution had an absorbance of 0.903 is 22.0 ppm.
What is absorbance?
Absorbance is the amount of the light absorbed by the given substance. For quantitative analysis, absorbance can be determined using spectroscopy.
Va1 = 25.0 ml, Va = 50.0 ml, A1 = 0.636, l = 2.50 cm, Va2 = 25.0 ml, Vs = 10.0 ml, Z = 23.1 ppm, Vd = 50.0 ml, A2 = 0.903
where Va1 = volume of first aliquot, Va = volume after dilution, A1 = absorbance of first solution, l = length of the cell, Va2 = volume of second aliquot, Vs = volume of the solution, Z = concentration of quinine, Vd = volume of second solution, A2 = absorbance of second solution.
The concentration of quinine in the given solution is,
C = [A1 * Z * Vs] / [A2 - A1] Va2
C = [0.636 x 23.1 x 10] / (0.903 - 0.636) 25
C = 22.0 ppm.
Therefore, an absorbance of 0.903 has the concentration of quinine of 22.0 ppm.
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a solution has a concentration of 0.52 m kbr and a volume of 0.020 l. it is then diluted to a concentration of 0.13 m. what is the new volume?
a solution has a concentration of 0.52 m KBr and a volume of 0.020 l. it is then diluted to a concentration of 0.13 m. So the new volume will be 80 mL.
What is the solution?The term "solution" refers to a certain kind of homogenous mixture made up of two or more substances. A solute, or substance that is dissolved in a solvent, is one of the components of such a mixture. On a scale where chemical polarity has an impact, a solution is mixing, leading to interactions that are unique to solvation. When the solvent comprises a greater portion of the mixture, as is frequently the case, the solution typically has the condition of the solvent. The concentration, which is a gauge of how much solute is present in a given volume of solution or solvent, is one crucial parameter of a solution. In cases where water serves as one of the solvents, the phrase "aqueous solution" is employed.
By using the law of equivalence:-
M1 V1 = M2 V2
known = unknown
0.52 M x 20mL= 0.13 x V2
V2 = 80 mL
so the new volume will be 80 mL.
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a tank holds 26.3 l of oxygen ( o2 ) at a pressure of 20.8 atm . what is the final volume, in liters, of this gas when it is released at a pressure of 2.70 atm with no change in temperature and amount of gas.
280.53 L is the final volume in liters.
Applying the ideal gas equation for O₂
PV = nRT
where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is gas constant and T is temperature
As n and T are not changing
So,
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ ⇒equation 1
now from the question we have,
Given data;
P₁ = 20.8 atm, P₂= 2.70 atm
V₁ = 26.3 L
now we have to find the volume of a gas when pressure is changed.
V₂ = ?
Put values in equation 1
20.8 × 26.3 = 2.70 × ?
V₂ = 20.8 × 26.3 / 2.70
V₂ = 280.53 L
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why are bond angles sometimes slightly less than predicted in actual molecules as compared to what is predicted by the vsepr model?
Bond angle occasionally deviates from what would be predicted by VSEPR theory due to repulsion between the lone pair and bond pair. and geometries are changed by the presence of lone pairs.
What is VSEPR model?
Chemistry uses the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory as a model to forecast how each individual molecule would look based on how many electron pairs will be surrounding its center atom. The two principal creators of the theory, Ronald Gillespie and Ronald Nyholm, gave it the additional moniker Gillespie-Nyholm theory.
The valence electron pairs that surround an atom have a tendency to oppose one another, thus they will arrange themselves in a way that minimizes this repulsion, according to the premise of VSEPR. The molecular shape is thus determined by a decrease in the energy of the molecule and an increase in its stability. According to Gillespie, the electron-electron repulsion resulting from the Pauli exclusion principle is more crucial than the electrostatic repulsion in establishing the molecule geometry.The VSEPR Model's electron groups could have lesser symmetry if one or more of them are lone pairs. The bond angles in this situation typically differ slightly from those for highly symmetric molecules.Thus, bond angle occasionally deviates from what would be predicted by VSEPR theory due to repulsion between the lone pair and bond pair. and geometries are changed by the presence of lone pairs.
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Help me out asp please thank you
Ca & 2[tex]H_{2}[/tex]O are the reactants in above equation.
What is reactants ?Reactants are the substance(s) in a chemical equation to the left of the arrow. A component that is present at the outset of a chemical reaction is known as a reactant. Products are the substance(s) to the right of the arrow. A material that remains after a chemical reaction is complete is known as a product. The reactants in the equation above are zinc and sulfur, which mix chemically to create the zinc sulfide product.Chemical equations can be written in a specific form. The equation's left side is filled with the reactants, and its right side is filled with the products. An arrow designating the direction of the reaction points from the reactants to the products:reactants→products
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Palmitoyl-coa is a saturated, 16-carbon long fatty acid. How many acetyl-coa, nadh and fadh2 will be formed from the full oxidation of this molecule?.
The number of acetyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH2 that will be formed from the full oxidation of Palmitoyl-CoA are 8, 7, and 7, respectively. 8,7,7.
Palmitic acid is the most common type of fatty acid containing 16 carbon atoms and no carbon-carbon double bonds. A total of 7 cycles of beta-oxidation must be completed to completely break down fatty acids. This creates a total of 8 acetyl-CoA molecules, 7 NADH molecules, and 7 FADH2 molecules.
Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid with a 16-carbon skeleton. Palmitic acid is found naturally in palm and palm kernel oils butter cheese milk and meat. Once in the mitochondrial matrix, a multienzyme complex converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. In the process, carbon dioxide is released and a molecule of NADH is formed.
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Compare and contrast the structure and. Function of hydrostatic skeletons and exoskeletons
Hydrostatic skeletons are composed of a body cavity that is filled with an aqueous solution, while exoskeletons are external body structures composed of a rigid protein material such as chitin.
What are hydrostatic skeletons and exoskeletons?Hydrostatic skeletons such as those observed in flatworms and annelids are composed of a versatile cavity that is filled with water, while exoskeletons such as those observed in insects are not filled with water because they form the outermost layer of the body.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that hydrostatic skeletons and exoskeletons have distinct structures and they are found in different taxonomic groups.
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Which statement BEST describes how many Chlorine atoms (CI) are needed when making Calcium
Chloride?
If 8.2 moles of Mg are burned, how many moles of MgO are produced?
8.2 moles of MgO is produced by burning 8.2 moles of Mg.
What is moles of atom?A mole is 6.02214076 x 10^23 of any chemical unit, including atoms, molecules, ions, and others. Due to the large number of atoms, molecules, or other components that make up any substance, the mole is a useful measure to utilize.
Here,
2Mg + 0₂ → 2MgO
Given, 8.2 moles of Mg
Molar mass of Mg = 24.305 g/mol
From the reaction equation ,
We get ,
2 moles of Mg form 2 moles of MgO
So, 8.2 moles of Mg form 8.2 moles of MgO .
We know that ,
Molar mass of MgO = 40.3044 g/mol
So 8.2 moles of MgO is formed by burning 8.2 moles of Mg.
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you have two organic chemicals, a and b. chemical a has an octanol water partitioning coefficient of 100,000 and chemical b has an octanol water partitioning coefficient of 1,000. which chemical would move more easily through the soil?
chemical b has an octanol water partitioning coefficient of 1,000. which chemical would move more easily through the soil
How is the experimentally obtained octanol-water partition coefficient calculated?For flavonoids belonging to the flavone, flavonol, flavanone, and isoflavonoid subclasses, the values of the octanol-water partition coefficient (log P) were calculated. Following the dissolution of each flavonoid in an octanol-water mixture and equilibration time, both fractions were examined using high-performance liquid chromatography.
The most popular method of expressing a compound's lipophilicity is through its octanol-water partition ratio, which is the ratio of a solute's concentration in an octanolic phase that is water-saturated to that of the same solute in an aqueous phase that is octanol-saturated.
The chemical divides more into the aqueous layer than the organic layer when the K value is less than one.
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A scuba diver 40 ft below the ocean surface inhales 95.0 mL of compressed air from a scuba tank at a pressure of 2.90 atm and a temperature of 9 ∘C. What is the pressure of the air, in atm , in the lungs when the gas expands to 195.0 mL at a body temperature of 37 ∘C , and the amount of gas remains constant?
1.553 atm is the pressure of the air, in atm , in the lungs when the gas expands to 195.0 mL at a body temperature of 37 ∘C , and the amount of gas remains constant.
V1=95 ml
P1=2.90 atm
T1=282 K
V2=195 ml
T2=310 K
by applying ideal gas equation
P1V1÷T1=P2V2÷T2
P2=P1×V1×T2÷V2×T1
P2= 85405 ÷54990
P2=1.553 atm
The definition of pressure is force/area. For instance, the weight of the snow divided by the area of the roof would represent the pressure from snow on a roof. Gases are often where pressure in chemistry originates from. Vacuum is the term for the lack of pressure. Since "nature abhors a vacuum," humans have believed that vacuums are both impossible and unnatural for hundreds of years. This isn't really the case.
The amount of pressure units is insane! The torr or mmHg is a common unit. Simply put, this refers to the height of a mercury column. The atmospheric pressure is about 760 torr, or mmHg. You may also see mmH2O, which employs the same notion, but in this instance the atmospheric pressure is around 10.3 mH2O since water is less dense than mercury.
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What must be the same on each side of a chemical equation?.
To solve such this we must know the concept of chemical reaction. Therefore overall mass must be the same on each side of a chemical equation.
What is chemical reaction?
Chemical reaction is a process in which two or more than two molecules collide in right orientation and energy to form a new chemical compound. The mass of the overall reaction should be conserved. There are so many types of chemical reaction reaction like combination reaction, double displacement reaction.
In a balanced chemical reaction, the number of atoms of each element in a compound or molecules must be same on both side of a chemical equation. The total mass of the reactant must be equal to the total mass on the products side.
Therefore overall mass must be the same on each side of a chemical equation.
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Which evidence suggests that the materials in the asthenosphere are near their melting point?.
Lighter elements make up the asthenosphere.
What results in the asthenosphere melting?The asthenosphere is made up of rocks that are colder than the melting point of those rocks. The substance has a tendency to flow and distort as temperature or pressure rises. Its melting point will decrease with a decrease in pressure, and the substance may start to melt.
The Greek term asthenis, which means feeble, gave rise to the name asthenosphere. The strength of the asthenosphere is less than that of the lithosphere above it. Asthenosphere will melt if the lithosphere's temperature rises sufficiently. This layer is ductile and easily deforms.
Plate tectonics is lubricated by the asthenosphere. The asthenosphere is our planet's unsung hero.
In the asthenosphere, convection cells are present. It's crucial to realize that the asthenosphere is fluid.
The asthenosphere is compressed by glaciers.
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what phase change occurs at temperatures below the boiling point and only at the surface of a liquid?
Answer: evaporation
Explanation:
How do you handle leakage current?.
Certified control panel should be used and the cables and insulations for damage and replace the damaged one to avoid leakage current.
Leakage current flows when there is an electrical connection between the ground and a conductor. If the equipment is not grounded correctly the current will flow through other conductors. In the case of electrical devices, leakage current usually occurs as a result of faults in insulation or the fabrication of materials used to make parts such as semiconductors. The best ways to prevent leakage current are to always use shielded cables on motor installations and to make sure that these cables are grounded at both ends. and we have to also check cables and insulation for damage and replace ones that are broken or damaged.
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if you spill an acid on your skin you should not attempt to neutralize it with a base, using the enthalpy of neutralization, explain why
An exothermic reaction, the neutralization reaction generates heat. Because a base might worsen skin damage, it should not be used.
Describe the acid-base reaction.
Amphoteric substances are molecules or ions that have dual acid-base properties. Take water as an example. In a neutralization process, an acid and a base combine to produce salt and water.
How does an acid get neutralized by a base?
The concentration of H3O+ ions in the solution is reduced by adding a base. Chemically speaking, an acid and a base are opposites. An acidic solution moves away from the center of the pH scale and becomes less acidic as a base is introduced. This process of neutralizing acid is known as.
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please help this is urgent
The ratio of the resistance of wires Y and X is 2:1
What is resistance?Resistance in an electrical circuit is used to calculate the current flow. The symbol for the ohm, a unit of measurement for resistance, is omega. The unit of resistance is named after German physicist Georg Simon Ohm, who looked into the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance. He is credited for creating Ohm's Law.
To ascertain the state of a component or circuit, resistance measurements are frequently made.
Since resistance is independent of length, it stays constant. The term resistivity itself refers to the material's resistance per unit length and unit area.
While the resistance depends on the length
R₁=ρL/A
R₂=ρ2L/A
R₂=2ρL/A
R₂=2R₁
Thus, the resistance of a second wire is twice that of a first wire.
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the values of equilibrium constants for weak acids are typically small numbers, i.e. much less than 1. for example, the ka value for acetic acid is 1.8 x 10-5 or 0.000018. why are ka values for weak acids so small?
The Ka values for weak acid is so small due to Option A and C.
Strong acids must dissociate more strongly in water. In contrast, weak acids are less likely to ionize and release hydrogen ions resulting in less acidic solutions. This equation reveals that the higher the acid is converted from its original form to the ionized dissociated form the higher the Ka value.
A small equilibrium constant or Keq less than 1, means that the chemical reaction favors the reactants and the reaction is proceeding in the opposite direction. An equilibrium constant of 1 indicates that the reactants and products are equal when the reaction reaches equilibrium. Weak acids are only slightly ionized. The acid ionization constant is the equilibrium constant for acid ionization.
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There are two ways to culture bacteria in a school laboratory: as colonies on an agar gel plate, or in a... what?
A medical professional takes a little sample of anything from your body for a bacteria culture test.
What is bacteria culture test?The sample area is determined by your symptoms and the infection that your doctor feels you may have. The supplier delivers the sample to a lab. In the lab, specialists use unique methods to purposefully promote any microorganisms in the sample to grow and proliferate.
When the sample arrives in the lab, the personnel there uses particular procedures to encourage the cells to divide and proliferate.
This provides specialists with a sufficient number of bacterial cells for microscopic examination or testing for particular chemical reactions, including susceptibility to different antibiotics. Depending on the type of bacteria, the process can take one to five days.
The lab can confirm an infection if the sample has enough bacteria in it. The lab will inform the medical professional of the type(s) of bacteria that were discovered.
Therefore, A medical professional takes a little sample of anything from your body for a bacteria culture test.
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match the correct vocabulary word to its definition.
words:
atom
element
chemical bond
molecules
answers:
a group of atoms that are held together by chemical bonds.
a substance that can’t be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
the attractive force that holds atoms or subunits of atoms together.
the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element.
The decomposition of potassium chlorate gives oxygen gas according to the
reaction:
2KCIO3(s)→2KCl(s) + 30₂(g)
How many grams KClO3 are needed to produce 5.00 L of O₂ at STP?
Ideal gas law is valid only for ideal gas not for vanderwaal gas. 6.4g of KClO[tex]_3[/tex] are needed to produce 5.00 L of O₂ at standard temperature and pressure.
What is ideal gas equation?Ideal gas equation is the mathematical expression that relates pressure volume and temperature.
Mathematically the relation between Pressure, volume and temperature can be given as
P×V=n×R×T
where,
P = pressure of oxygen gas= 1 atm
V= volume of oxygen gas = 5.00 L
n =number of moles of oxygen gas =?
T =temperature of oxygen gas =298K
R = Gas constant = 0.0821 L.atm/K.mol
Substituting all the given values, we get
1 atm×5.00 L=n× 0.0821 ×298K
n=5.00÷24.4=0.20moles
mass of oxygen= number of moles of oxygen× Molar mass of oxygen
mass of oxygen=0.20× 32
mass of oxygen=6.4g
Therefore, mass of KClO[tex]_3[/tex] needed is 6.4g.
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What benefits come from the Great Depression?.
The Social Security Act of 1935's provisions for an old-age pension and unemployment relief, as well as federal initiatives to increase access to mortgage lending and home ownership, were among the lasting innovations that the Great Depression left behind.
The Securities Exchange Commission was another reform that at least partially brought order and rationality to the equity and credit markets. The Depression also sparked the creation of a number of post-World War II international organizations, including the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (which later became the World Trade Organization), which helped stabilize international markets and support previously unheard-of levels of trade and investment on a global scale.
It remains to be seen if the COVID-19 pandemic will foster innovations with comparable importance.
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Which best describes a rule of animals in the water cycle?.
As said, when they create waste, they aid in the condensation of water vapor.
What does the word "water" mean?Water is a substance that may exist in gaseous, liquid, and different solid phases and is composed mostly of the chemical elements oxygen and hydrogen. At room temperature, it is an odorless, colorless fluid with the important ability to dissolve a number of other substances.
Can one make their own water?Theoretically, this is possible, but the process would be quite dangerous. To create water, hydrogen and oxygen atoms are required. After combining them, you are still left with only individual hydrogen and oxygen molecules molecules.
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If you are given 100. g of carbon dioxide at STP, how many L would you have?
Ideal gas law is valid only for ideal gas not for vanderwaal gas. Therefore, 50.8L of volume would be occupy by carbon dioxide at STP.
What is ideal gas equation?Ideal gas equation is the mathematical expression that relates pressure volume and temperature. There is no force of attraction between the particles.
Mathematically the relation between Pressure, volume and temperature can be given as
PV=nRT
where,
P = pressure of gas
V= volume of gas
n =number of moles of gas
T =temperature of gas
R = Gas constant = 0.0821 L.atm/K.mol
Mole= given mass÷ Molar mass
mole= 100. g÷ 44.01 g/mol
=2.27moles
One mole of ideal gas contain 22.4L of volume
2.27moles of ideal gas contain 22.4L×2.27=50.8L of volume
Therefore, 50.8L volume would be occupy by carbon dioxide at STP.
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a chemistry student needs 60.0 ml of pentane for an experiment. by consulting the crc handbook of chemistry and physics, the student discovers that the density of pentane is 0.626 . calculate the mass of pentane the student should weigh out
37.6 grams of pentane
The density given in the CRC of 0.626 g/cm³ will be used to calculate the mass of pentane requred since Density = m/v and m= D x V
Be careful in this kind of questions to check for the units. In this case one has to remember 1 mL equal 1 cm³.
m = 0.626 g/cm³ x 60.0 cm³ = 37.6 g pentane
Student should way out 57.56 grams of pentane.
Density of pentane yes 0.626 grams per ml which can be used to find the mass of the pentane in 60 ml.
Density = mass of substance/ volume of substance
So,
Density of pentane = Mass of pentane / Volume of pentane
Therefore, Mass of pentane = Density of pentane X Volume of pentane
Mass of pentane = 0.626g/ml X 60ml = 57.56 grams
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Calcium is an element. What is the smallest particle of calcium that has the same chemical properties of calcium?.
The tiniest calcium particle with calcium, Chemical properties is called an atom. The smallest component of an element, an atom has exactly the same chemical makeup as the element as a whole.
First off, that is inaccurate, and your justification is plagiarism. The smallest calcium particle that possesses calcium's chemical properties is an atom. Any attribute that can only be generated by altering a substance's chemical identity is referred to as a chemical property. Chemical properties include any of a material's properties that emerge during or after a chemical reaction. Simply put, it is impossible to detect a substance's chemical qualities by looking at it or touching it; instead, a significant amount of the substance's internal structure must be altered in order to explore its chemical properties.
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7) explain the role of crazing in determining the extent of maximum plastic deformation for some polymers.
The role of crazing in determining the extent of maximum plastic deformation for some polymers is that it cause then plastic softening and polymer undergoes hardening.
The crazing is the mechanism of plasticity. that act as tension. crazing caused the plastic softening. crazing is heterogenous localized deforming plastic. plastic deformation is the permanent distortion to the plastic. the microcrack will be create by the crazing. when we apply excessive tensile stress to polymer crazing develop. the tress , temperature and the strain are the factor for plastic deformation.
Thus, The role of crazing in determining the extent of maximum plastic deformation for some polymers is that it cause then plastic softening and polymer undergoes hardening.
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What does one molecule of carbon dioxide contain
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound made up of molecules that all have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen.
What does a molecule of carbon dioxide contain?Carbon dioxide is relaxed of one carbon atom covalently bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is a gas (at standard temperature and pressure) that is expired by animals and utilized by plants during photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide, CO2, is a chemical compound claim of two oxygen atoms and one carbon atom. Carbon dioxide is a one-carbon compound with the formula CO2 in which the carbon is nuts about to each oxygen atom by a double bond. A molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2) is made up of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. Carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas that helps to trap heat.
So we can conclude that Carbon dioxide is a molecule with the molecular formula CO2. The linear molecule comprises a carbon atom that is doubly bonded to two oxygen atoms.
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At standard temperature and pressure, carbon dioxide has a density of 1. 98 kg/m^3. What volume does 0. 85 kg of carbon dioxide occupy at standard temperature and pressure?.
At STP, oxygen will have the same density as hydrogen at 4386 K and 1 atm. Equation 1 is solved for the following values: As a result, oxygen will have the same density as hydrogen at STP at 4386 K and 1 atm.
How is the gas law of Boyle calculated?The pressure (p) of a given quantity of gas changes inversely with its volume (v) at constant temperature, according to this empirical connection, which was established by the scientist Robert Boyle in 1662. In equation form, this means that pv = k, a constant.
Place an enormous piston or sealed syringe on its end, and then pile on more and more things.
The volume of air within will decrease as the pressure increases since these two numbers are inversely related.
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