Heinrich Rocher and Gerd Binning were trying to solve the problem of seeing atoms directly. The criteria and constraints of the problem they were trying to solve are given below :
The scanning tunneling microscope is the method used to see the atoms, was developed by Heinrich Rocher and Gerd Binning.
Criteria : Criteria is defined as the requirements we need to solve the problem. The standard needed to create successful solution. Criteria is specific outcome for a problem.
STM should be of metal.
STM works on the top of tip.
It works by scanning sharp metal. Bringing the tip very close to surface.
Applying electric voltage to tip .
Constraints: constraints is defined as the limits based on resources and environment. It has the conditions the problem must satisfy.
Does not require other than sharp tip.
It is limited by wavelength of light.
Thus, Heinrich Rocher and Gerd Binning were trying to solve the problem of seeing atoms directly. The criteria and constraints of the problem they were trying to solve are discussed above.
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How much water would you add to 10 ml of a 1.0 m salt solution to change its concentration to 0.001 m?
1000 times dilution of 1.0M salt solution needs to be done to obtain a solution with 0.001M concentration.
Dilution is the method of reducing a solute's concentration in a solution. It generally only involves mixing the solution with extra solvent, such as water.
Serial dilution is the best option to obtain 0.001M concentration from a stock solution of 1.0M salt solution.
1ml 1.0M solution + 9ml water = 0.1M concentration (10 times dilution)
1ml 0.1M solution + 9ml water = 0.01M concentration (100 times dilution)
1ml 0.01M solution + 9ml water = 0.001M concentration (1000 times dilution)
This method of dilution also saves water, time and energy.
OR
To 10ml of 1.0M salt solution, 990ml of water should be added to obtain a solution of 0.001M concentration.
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Calculate the ph of a blood plasma sample with a total co2 concentration of 25.6 mm and bicarbonate concentration of 24.4 mm. the relevant pa of carbonic acid is 6.1.
The pH of the blood plasma sample is 6.1.
The solution of carbonic acid and bicarbonate is a buffer solution. In buffer solution is a mixture of a weak base or acid and its conjugate salt. Resisting change in pH is one of the properties of a buffer system.
The concentration of carbon dioxide = 25.6 mM
The concentration of bicarbonate concentration =
24.4 mM
Pa of the carbonic acid = 6.1
The pH of the blood plasma sample with a total carbon dioxide of 25.6 mM and a bicarbonate concentration of 24.4 mM.
[tex]pH = pK _{a} + log \frac{[ HCO]}{[ H _{2}CO _{3} ]}[/tex]
[tex]pH = 6.1 + log \frac{[24.4]}{[25.6 ]}[/tex]
pH = 6.1 + log (0.953)
pH = 6.1 - 0.209
pH = 6.1
The pH of the blood plasma sample with a total carbon dioxide of 25.6 mM and bicarbonate concentration of 24.4 mM is 6.1.
Therefore, the pH is 6.1.
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Which will be attracted to a negatively charged region of a protein?
a. the o atom in the water molecule
b. a phosphate group
c. the h atom in a c-h bond
d. cl-
e. the h atom in the water molecule
The H atom in the water molecule will be attracted to a negatively charged region of a protein. So, the correct option is (e).
The protons at the center of the quantum atom are a significant source of positive charges and are attracted to all negatively charged electrons.Therefore, in a covalent connection, shared electrons are drawn in the direction of the positively charged protons at the centres of the two atoms.
The number of protons in the centre of each atom, the electrons' energy level and orbital, and the quantity or number of electrons between them and the atomic centre (the amount of "screening" by inner electrons) all affect how strongly the electrons are dragged.
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1. Ancient atomic models described the atom as a solid sphere with no charge. In the 1800s and 1900s, scientists discovered subatomic particles with charges inside the atom.
Which statement most likely explains why the early models did not include the subatomic particles?
A statement which most likely explains why the early atomic models did not include the subatomic particles is that: D. subatomic particles could not be detected with the technology available.
The three subatomic particles.Generally, an atom comprises three (3) distinct subatomic particles and these include the following
Protons.Neutrons.Electrons.The experiment on atoms.Ernest Rutherford performed a set of experiments on atoms in 1910 which has helped several scientists and researchers to better understand the structure of atoms by using gold foil.
In his experiment on structure of atoms, Rutherford directed a beam of small, positively charged particles referred to as alpha () particles at a very thin sheet of gold foil.
However, the early atomic models did not include the subatomic particles is that they could not be detected with the technology available at the time.
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Complete Question:
Ancient atomic models described the atom as a solid sphere with no charge. In the 1800's and 1900's, scientist discovered subatomic particles with charges inside the atoms.
Which statement most likely explains why the early models did not include the subatomic particles?
answer choices
atoms changed over time to develop the subatomic particles
not all atoms contain subatomic particles
subatomic particles move and cannot be counted
subatomic particles could not be detected with the technology available.
snow melts after a snowstorm because of the additon of
Question 6 of 20:
Select the best answer for the question.
6. Which of the following accurately pairs the part of an atom to its charge?
A. Proton-no charge
B. Neutron-positive charge
C. Electron-no charge
D. Electron-negative charge
Mark for review (Will be highlighted on the review page)
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Answer:
D
Explanation:
elections are negatively charged
A 10-g sample of aluminum has a volume of 3.70 cm3. what is the density of aluminum?
Density = mass/volume
ρ = [tex]m/v[/tex]
Density = 10/3.70
Density of aluminum 2.702 g/cm3.
What is aluminum ?A thin, silvery-white metal, aluminum is. It is soft and pliable. Aluminum is used in a wide variety of products, including cans, foil, kitchenware, window frames, beer kegs, and parts for airplanes.
In the Earth's crust, aluminum is the most prevalent metal and the third most abundant element. On Earth, it is typically found in substances and minerals such feldspar, beryl, cryolite, and turquoise. But mining minerals for aluminum is quite expensive.
Rust doesn't occur in aluminum. It's important to remember, though, that aluminum is a highly reactive metal in its purest form. Although pure aluminum technically dissolves when it comes into contact with water, its reactivity may also be its greatest strength.
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Calculate the mass percentage of kcl in a solution containing 15.50 g of kcl in 200.0 g of water.
Answer: 7.19%
Explanation:
15.5g + 200g = 215.5 g
(15.5g/215.5g) =0.0719
0.0719*100% = 7.19%
Which molecule would you expect to be least reactive in nucleophilic acyl substitution?
Carboxylate groups are the least reactive towards nucleophilic acyl substitution among carboxylic acid derivatives, followed by amides, (protonated) carboxylic acids, thioesters, esters and finally acyl phosphates, that are most reactive among biologically relevant acyl groups.
Before delving into the details of nucleophilic acyl substitutions, it is critical to understand the relative reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives. In general, the carbonyl carbon in an acyl group is less electrophilic than the carbonyl carbon in an aldehyde or ketone. This is because the partial positive charge on the carbon in carboxylic acid derivatives is somewhat stabilized by resonance effects from the adjacent heteroatom.
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Which pair of words best completes the following sentence? colliding nuclei must be at a sufficient _______ and have sufficient _______ to allow effective collisions that lead to fusion.
colliding nuclei must be at a sufficient density and have sufficient energy to allow effective collisions that lead to fusion.
What is fusion?
When atoms are in close proximity to one another, the nuclear force draws their nuclei together to form a single, bigger nucleus. This process is known as fusion. The positive charge of the nuclei, which repels one another due to the electrostatic force, opposes this action. The nuclei must possess sufficient energy to break through this coulomb barrier for fusion to take place.
The molecules that collide must have the following properties to produce effective collisions: Energy that is more than the threshold energy or a specified minimum amount of energy, and suitable geometry. A correct orientation and D threshold energy Medium
Thus, colliding nuclei must be at a sufficient density and have sufficient energy to allow effective collisions that lead to fusion.
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Valerie and Greg want to bake a cake. They mix the cake batter and preheat the oven. Once the oven reaches the right temperature, they pour the batter in a cake pan, put it in the oven, and close the door. They know that while the cake is in the oven, a chemical change that involves energy occurs. Which of these statements describes the amount of energy in the oven while the cake is baking?
A. The total amount of energy will either increase or decrease, depending on how much cake batter there is.
B. The total amount of energy increases because the oven gets very hot.
C. The total amount of energy decreases because it changes into matter.
D. The total amount of energy stays the same, but it changes from one form to another.
Answer: D
Explanation: Energy cannot be created or destroyed
The efficiency of a machine is 60%. Calculate the work done by a student who used this machine to lift a load of 150 kg through a distance of 2.5cm.
Work done by a student who used the machine to lift a load of 150 kg through a distance of 2.5cm is 61.25 J.
How well a machine converts its input energy into useable output energy, or work, is referred to as efficiency. The portion or percentage of the output divided by the input is a key determinant of a machine's usefulness.The push or pull on a mass-containing item changes its velocity. An external force is an agent that has the power to alter the resting or moving condition of a body. It has a direction and a magnitude.Given,
Efficiency of machine in decimal= 60% = 0.6
Weight of load = 150 Kg
Distance must be in meters = 2.5cm = 0.025m
Using the formula,
Efficiency = work output/ input work
Work done is unknown.
work output = Force × Distance
Force can be calculated = m × g = 150 × 9.8 = 1470 N
work output = 1470 × 0.025 = 36.75 J
Work done = work output / Efficiency
= 36.75 / 0.6
= 61.25 J
Therefore, work done by student to lift that load is 61.25 J.
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The volume of a single potassium atom is . what is the volume of a potassium atom in microliters?
The volume of a potassium atom in microliters is [tex]$4.15 * 10^{-20} \mu L$[/tex]. Potassium is an element with the chemical symbol K and atomic number 19.
What is potassium atom?K is the chemical symbol for potassium, and 19 is its atomic number. Potassium is an alkali metal that is a solid at normal temperature. K is the chemical symbol for potassium, and 19 is its atomic number. (Which in Neo-Latin means kalium).
Potassium exists as a silvery-white metal that may be cut with a knife quickly and painlessly.[tex]$\mathrm{cm}^3$[/tex]to microliters.
We know that:
[tex]$1 \mathrm{~cm}^3=1 \mathrm{~mL}$[/tex]
[tex]$1 m L=10^{-3} L$[/tex]
and, [tex]$1 L=10^6 \mu L$[/tex]
Let's use these conversions factors for the desired conversion utilising dimensional as:
[tex]$4.15 * 10^{-23} \mathrm{~cm}^3\left(\frac{1 m L}{1 c m^3}\right)\left(\frac{10^{-3} L}{1 m L}\right)\left(\frac{10^6 \mu L}{1 L}\right)$[/tex]
[tex]$=4.15 * 10^{-20} \mu L$[/tex]
So, the answer stands [tex]$4.15 * 10^{-20} \mu L$[/tex]
The complete question exists,
The volume of a single strontium atom exists 4.15×10-23 cm3. What is the volume of a strontium atom in microliters
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A+volumetric+flask+contains+25.0+ml+of+a+14%+m/v+sugar+solution.+if+2.5+ml+of+this+solution+is+added+to+22.5+ml+of+distilled+water,+what+is+the+%+m/v+of+the+new+solution?
The concentration of the new solution, obtained by adding 22.5 mL of distilled water to 2.5 mL of 14 % m/V sugar solution, is 1.4% m/V.
What is distilled water?The terms ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability) refer to a set of characteristics of database transactions that are meant to ensure data validity despite errors, power outages, and other unforeseen circumstances.
A transaction is a series of database activities that adhere to the ACID principles and can be thought of as one logical operation on the data in the context of databases. For instance, a transfer of money between bank accounts, even when it involves many adjustments like debiting one account and crediting another, is only one transaction.
Building on previous work by Jim Gray, who identified atomicity, consistency, and durability but not isolation when describing the transaction concept, Andreas Reuter and Theo Härder created the acronym ACID in 1983.
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Kamal's science class has just finished a lesson where they
learned the similarities and differences of solids, liquids, and
gases. The next day, Kamal's science teacher displayed four
types of substances. Which substance does not have a definite
shape, color, or texture?
a air
b milk
C grass
d metal
I think it's A. air, because that's the one that will never have a confirmed shape because air can be trapped in jars, bags, closed spaces, and our body til we breathe it out.
100 POINTS AND BRAINLIEST
If a glass contains 0.465 L of water, what is the volume of water in mL?
On a professional basketball court, the distance from the 3-point line to the basket
724.0 cm. What is this distance in meters?
How many kilograms are in 8.465 slugs?
If an object occupies a volume of 6.1236 liters, how many gallons does it occupy?
A balloon is blown up so that its volume is 1,500 mL. What is its volume in KL?
Answer:
1. 0.465L × 1000 = 465 ml
2. 7.240 m
3. 123.537 kg
4. 1.62 gal
5. 0.0015 KL
Explanation:
please make my answer as brainelist
At what ph are the anion and zwitterion species of equal concentration for an amino acid having no ionizable group in the side chain?
The particular pH at which a given amino acid exists in solution as a zwitterion is called the isoelectric point (pI).
The structure of an amino acid allows it to act as both an acid and a base. An amino acid has this ability because at a certain pH value (different for each amino acid) nearly all the amino acid molecules exist as zwitterions.
If acid is added to a solution containing the zwitterion, the carboxylate group captures a hydrogen (H+) ion, and the amino acid becomes positively charged. If base is added, ion removal of the H+ ion from the amino group of the zwitterion produces a negatively charged amino acid.
Amino acids undergo reactions characteristic of carboxylic acids and amines. The reactivity of these functional groups is particularly important in linking amino acids together to form peptides and proteins, as you will see later in this chapter. Simple chemical tests that are used to detect amino acids take advantage of the reactivity of these functional groups.
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How is nitrogen gas separated from air?
3) The distance from the Earth to the Moon is 238,900 mi. What is the distance in inches?
The distance from the Earth to the Moon in inches is 18304704000 inches.
What is the distance from the Earth to the Moon?Distance is a measure of the point of separation of two point or the amount of space between two points.
The SI unit for measuring distance is meters with symbol m.
Other common units of measuring distance or length include:
miles with distance miinches with symbol infeet with symbol ftThe distance from the Earth to the Moon is given in miles as 238,900 mi
1 mile = 63360 inches
238900 miles = 238900 * 63360
238900 miles = 18304704000 inches.
Distance = 18304704000 inches.
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2. 0 moles of a monatomic ideal gas undergoes an isobaric process in which the temperature changes from 260 k to 320 k. What is the work done on or by the gas?
Тhe work done by the gas is -1.0×10^3 J.
The work of an ideal gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas:
W = n × R × ΔT
ΔT = 320 K - 260 K
ΔT = 60 K; change of the temperature
n = 2.0 mol: amount of a monatomic ideal gas
R = 8.314 J/mol×K;the ideal gas constant
W = 2 mol × 8.314 J/mol×K × 60 K
W = 1000 J
W = -1.0×10^3 J; the work of the gas
Isobaric process is a type of process in which the pressure of the system stays constant.
Charles' Law: The Temperature-Volume Law - the volume of a given amount of gas held at constant pressure is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature
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The length of a bond, between two atoms, is the distance between the two nuclei of the atoms that is the point of ________.
Covalent inclusion
Maximum Energy
Minimum Energy
Nuclear fission
An element has 32 protons, 40 neutrons, and 36 electrons. What is the name of the element?
Germanium (Ge) with a charge of -4
I NEED HELP NOW PLEASE
One calcium atom (Ca+2) will combine with which of the following atoms in a one-to-one ratio?
Select one:
a. Be+2
b. O-2
c. Cl-
d. Na+
The atom that would combine in a one-to-one ratio with calcium is oxygen.
How does atoms combine?According to the Dalton's atomic theory, atoms combine in simple ratios to one another. As such, we can see that compounds are formed by the combination of atoms in a given ratio.
Now, the calcium atom which is divalent can only combine with a divalent atom in a one to one ratio. Since calcium is positively charged, this ion must be negatively charged to form an ionic bond.
Hence, the atom that would combine in a one-to-one ratio with calcium is oxygen.
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How big was the universe after 100 seconds
Answer:
The Universe was once just the radius of the Earth-to-the-Sun, which happened when the Universe was about a trillionth (10-12) of a second old. .
Explanation:
Answer: like 25 0's i think
Explanation:
A 0.612 g sample of a compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen was burned. the reaction produced 0.897 g of carbon dioxide and 0.365 g of water. what is the empirical formula of the compound?
The empirical formula of the compound CH₂O.
m(CO₂) = 0.897 g; mass of carbon dioxide
n(CO₂) = 0.897 g ÷ 44 g/mol
n(CO₂) = n(C) = 0.0203 mol; amount of carbon in the compound
m(C) = 0.0203 mol × 12 g/mol
m(C) = 0.243 g; mass of carbon in the compound
m(H₂O) = 0.365 g; mass of water
n(H₂O) = 0.365 g ÷ 18 g/mol
n(H₂O) = 0.0203 mol; amount of water
n(H) = 2 × n(H₂O) = 0.0406 mol; amount of hydrogen in the compound
m(H) = 0.0406 g; mass of hydrogen in the compound
m(O) = m(compound) - m(C) - m(H)
m(O) = 0.328 g; mass of oxygen in the compound
n(O) = 0.328 g ÷ 16 g/mol
n(O) = 0.0203 mol; amount of oxygen in the compound
n(C) : n(H) : n(O) = 1 : 2 : 1
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Classify the following reactions as synthesis, decomposition, single replacement or double
replacement.
1. KCIO,
2. HCI + NaOH -
3. Mg + 2HCI
4. H₂ + O₂
5.
6.
Al + NiBr₂
KCI + O₂
Al + 30₂
4
1
NaCl + H₂O
MgCl₂ + H₂
H₂O
AlBr, + 3NI
Al₂O,
systhesis
decomposition
systhesis
decomposition
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systhesis
decomposition
systhesis
decomposition
systhesis
decomposition
systhesis
decomposition
ace
single replacement
double replacement
single replacement
double replacement
single replacement
double replacement
single replacement
double replacement
single replacement
double replacement
single replacement
double replacement
We can classify the given reaction as Synthesis Reactions are : Ni + Cl₂ → NiCl₂, C₃H₆ + Br₂ → C₃H₆Br₂. Decompositions Reactions are : CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂,2NaCl → 2Na + Cl₂, 2HI → H₂ + I₂. Single Displacement Reactions are : 2Fe + 6HCl → 2FeCl₃ + 3H₂. Double Displacement Reactions are : CaCO₃ +2HCl → CaCl₂ +H₂CO₃
What is Synthesis Reactions?In this type of reaction , two or more chemical components combine in order to form a complex product which is given as:
A + B → AB
What is Decomposition Reaction?A kind of chemical reaction which only one type of reactant results to produce of two or more than two products.
What is Single Displacement reaction?A single displacement reaction which has an another name as single replacement reaction is a type of oxidation-reduction chemical reaction in which an ion or element moves out of compound.
What is Double Displacement Reactions ?A double displacement reaction is a type of chemical reaction which tells that the reactant ions exchange its's places in order to form new products.
Thus, From the above Conclusion we can say that,
Synthesis Reactions are : Ni + Cl₂ → NiCl₂
C₃H₆ + Br₂ → C₃H₆Br₂
Decompositions Reactions are : CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂
2NaCl → 2Na + Cl₂
2HI → H₂ + I₂
Single Displacement Reactions are : 2Fe + 6HCl → 2FeCl₃ + 3H₂
Double Displacement Reactions are : CaCO₃ +2HCl → CaCl₂ +H₂CO₃
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Note: The question is incomplete in the portal. Here is the complete question.
Question: Classify the following reactions as synthesis, decomposition, single replacement or double replacement.
Ni + Cl₂ → NiCl₂C₃H₆ + Br₂ → C₃H₆Br₂ CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂ 2NaCl → 2Na + Cl₂2HI → H₂ + I₂2Fe + 6HCl → 2FeCl₃ + 3H₂CaCO₃ +2HCl → CaCl₂ +H₂CO₃A student mixes 50.0 ml of 0.15 m na2co3 and 50.0 ml of 0.15 m cacl2 and collects 0.71 g of dried caco3. calculate the theoretical yield caco3.
The theoretical yield CaCO₃ is 0.75 grams.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction:
Na₂CO₃ + CaCl₂ → 2NaCl + CaCO₃
NaCl is sodium chloride or common salt
Na₂CO₃ is sodium carbonate or washing soda
CaCO₃ is calcium carbonate or limestone
From balanced chemical equation: n(Na₂CO₃) = n(CaCl₂) = n(CaCO₃)
n(CaCO₃) = 0.05 l × 0.15 mol/l
n(CaCO₃) = 0.0075 mol
m(CaCO₃) = 0.0075 mol × 100 g/mol
m(CaCO₃) = 0.75 g; the theoretical yield
Theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that can be produced from limiting reactant and actual yield is a product that is obtained by experimentation.
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what is the subatomic particles for oxygen
Answer:
ProtonNeutronElectron
Two objects labeled A and B are the same size object A has a density of 1.21g/cm square root 3 object B has a density of 1.37g/cm square root 3 if both are placed in a beaker of water which will float higher in the water
The object that will float higher in the water is the object whose density is 1.21g/cm^3.
What is density?The term density is the ratio of the mass to the volume of an object. We know that density is an intrinsic property hence it does not depend on the amount of substance that is present therefore, we could use the density of a substance to identify the substance.
The greater the density of an object, the more the object sinks into the water much farther. We now need to compare the two objects. The object that has the higher density would tend to sink deeper into water.
Thus the object that will float higher in the water is the object whose density is 1.21g/cm^3.
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2
In Lei's experiment, one step of the procedure requires her to bring some water to a boil. Which two pieces of equipment should Lei
use to carry out this step?
OA. a magnet and a petri dish
OB. a hot plate and a beaker
OC. a Bunsen burner and a balance
OD. a magnifying glass and a test tube
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Submit
In Lei's experiment, one step of the procedure requires her to bring some water to a boil. Lei should use OC.a Bunsen burner and a balance.
Because it can operate with a variety of gases, has a single flame, and allows for adjustable heat output, the Bunsen burner is crucial in laboratories. Scientists utilize a variety of beakers in the lab. Scientists mix and track the responses of various compounds within them.
The following are three general safety guidelines when using a Bunsen burner: Never leave the lab with the burner on and never leave open flames unattended. Once the gas has been used up, turn it off. Before handling the burner, allow it to cool. Before leaving the lab, make sure the main gas valve is closed.
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