We can best summarise the role of Watson and Crick in discovering the structure of DNA by stating that they created a critical hypothesis for the structure of DNA. (They did not conduct experiments; instead, they developed a correct theory using a variety of data sources)
Watson and Crick expanded their ideas about genetic replication in a second article published in Nature on May 30, 1953. The two had demonstrated that in DNA, form follows function: the double-stranded molecule could both replicate itself and carry genetic instructions.
According to Watson and Crick, in order for DNA replication to occur, the two strands of DNA must first be unwound and separated. The bases on each parent strand then dictated new bases on the new daughter strands, with each DNA strand acting as a template for a new DNA strand.
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Which region of the bronchial tree, illustrated here, is not in the conducting zone?.
The correct option is A : alveoli The alveolar ducts that link to the respiratory bronchioles lead to the alveoli, where gas exchange takes place. Alveolar structures are not thought to be a part of the bronchial tree, nevertheless. Alveoli are not a part of the bronchial tree, hence choice a) is correct.
The alveolar ducts that link to the respiratory bronchioles lead to the alveoli, where gas exchange takes place. Alveolar structures are not thought to be a part of the bronchial tree, nevertheless. Alveoli are not a part of the bronchial tree, hence choice a) is correct. After the tertiary segmental bronchi, there are 20–25 branching generations of conducting bronchioles. The terminal bronchioles, which signify the termination of the conducting zone of the respiratory system, are bronchioles that are narrower than other bronchioles.
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Full Question :
Which region of the bronchial tree, illustrated here, is not in the conducting zone?.
(A) alveoli
(B) nasal cavity
(C) main bronchus
(D) larynx
(E) bronchi
the classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by factors released from damaged tissues. factors released from phagocytes. antigen-antibody reactions. c5-c9. lipid-carbohydrate complexes and c3.
The classical pathway for complement activation that is initiated by factors released from damaged tissues is option B: antigen-antibody reactions.
What causes complement activation to begin?The three mechanisms for complement activation are the MB-lectin pathway, the alternative pathway, and the amplification loop for the other two pathways. The classical pathway is activated either directly by the pathogen or indirectly by an antibody attaching to the surface of the pathogen.
Note that Rapid protein detection relies heavily on antigen-antibody reactions. Antibodies can be incredibly specific, binding to just a small portion of an antigen (known as the epitope), and can distinguish between substantially similar epitopes. They detect proteins based on both their structure and content.
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based on the graph below, which answer is correct?
PLEASE HELP ME AND FAST
From the graph, it can be deduced that warmer air can hold more water vapor. Option B
What is humidity?When we use the word humidity our minds just have to go the the amount of moisture that can be held by the air. Thus in a simple manner, we can agree that the humidity would be defined as the degree of moisture that can be found in air.
On the hand, we can notice that there is a close relationship that tends to exist between the humidity of the air and its temperature. This relationship is always very clear to see. We know that the warmer the air, the greater the humidity of the air.
When we look at the graph, we can see that this idea is also corroborated, there is an decrease in the amount of water that held by air as the temperature is decreased.
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the final place in the nephron where there is fine tuning of water recovery or disposal occurs in .
The final place in the nephron where there is the fine-tuning of water recovery or disposal occurs in collecting ducts and the Distal convoluted tubule.
The collecting duct (CD) and distal convoluted tubule (DCT) are the final two segments of the kidney nephron. They play a crucial role in the reabsorption of water and the absorption of numerous ions.
The proximal tubule and the descending limb of the loop of Henle re-absorb the majority of the fluid that is filtered at the glomerulus. The AQPs make it easier for the majority of the nephron's water reabsorption.
Other AQPs regulate water resorption in the distal tubule and collecting duct, with AQP2 and its interaction with arginine vasopressin (AVP) dominating. The kidneys are able to "fine tune" the body's water balance by controlling water resorption in the distal nephron, which receives only 15% of the filtrate. The hypertonic milieu of the medullary portion of the kidneys created by the active transport of sodium and urea from the lumen of the thick ascending loop of Henle into the interstitial space surrounding the collecting ducts is the osmotic driving force for the movement of water through the epithelia of the collecting ducts.
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Which water source is connected to chemical contamination in beluga whales?
O Hudson River
O Cuyahoga River
O Rio Grande River
O St. Lawrence River
Question 1 (1 point)
If a population experiences no migration, is very large, has no mutations, has random
mating, and there is no selection, which of the following would you predict?
The composition of the population's gene pool will change slowly in a
predictable manner.
The makeup of the population's gene pool will remain virtually the same as long
as these conditions hold.
The population will evolve, but much more slowly than normal.
Dominant alleles in the population's gene pool will slowly increase in frequency
while recessive alleles will decrease.
As long as these circumstances persist, the population's gene pool will essentially remain unchanged.
How can you tell if a population is mating randomly?Random mating: In a population, matings take place proportionately to their genotypic frequencies are referred to as random mating. As an illustration, if a population's genotypic frequencies are MM=0.83, MN=0.16, and NN=0.01, then we would anticipate that 68.9% (0.83 x 0.83 X 100) of matings will take place between MM individuals.
How is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium affected by random mating?Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requires two generations of random mating if the allele frequencies are different between the sexes. Due to the fact that one sex possesses two copies of the gene while the other does not, sex-linked loci require several generations to reach equilibrium As long as these circumstances persist, the population's gene pool will essentially remain unchanged sex only has one.
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the somatic senses are those whose receptors are associated with which areas of the body? multiple select question. muscles skin eyes blood joints
The somatic senses are those whose receptors are associated with muscles, skin and joint areas of the body.
Thus, the correct options are muscles, skin, and joints.
What are the somatic senses?The somаtic senses аre the nervous mechаnisms thаt collect sensory informаtion from аll over the body. These senses аre in contrаdistinction to the speciаl senses, which meаn specificаlly vision, heаring, smell, tаste, аnd equilibrium.
Somаtic receptors аre modified nerve cell endings locаted in the skeletаl muscles, joints, аnd sense orgаns (eyes, eаrs, mouth, аnd nose). When stimulаted, the somаtic receptors generаte electrochemicаl impulses or аction potentiаls in the аxons of somаtic.
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given that chimpanzees and humans are closely related, it is not surprising that early pre-australopithecines such as ardipithecus ramidus had a
Chimpanzees and humans are closely related, which is why early pre-australopithecines such as ardipithecus ramidus had a smaller diamond-shaped canines and some evidence of upright walking.
What is Canine?This is also known as cuspids and it is located on each side of the incisor teeth at the front of the mouth. This type of teeth is used in the tearing of food and has a pointed shape.
Through the discovery of fossils and other parameters, we can infer that Chimpanzees and humans are closely related due to common features present in them.
Early pre-australopithecines such as ardipithecus ramidus had a pointed shaped canines and some evidence of upright walking which is the evidence that depicts the similarities between the two organisms mentioned above.
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________ transmit pain that is sharp, nonchronic, and well localized. a. a-delta fibers b. b-delta fibers c. c-fibers d. d-fibers
A-Delta fibres transmit pain that is sharp, nonchronic, and well-localized.
Thus, the correct option is A.
What are A-delta fibres?А-deltа fibres are 2-5 mm in diаmeter, myelinаted, hаve а fаst conduction velocity (5-40 meters/sec), аnd cаrry informаtion mаinly from the nociceptive-mechаnicаl or mechаnothermаl-specific nociceptors. Their receptive fields аre smаll. Therefore, they provide precise locаlizаtion of pаin.
А-deltа fibres, therefore, send the “first pаin” into the brаin, while the C fibres send the slower pаin. The first pаin is often described аs а more shаllow, shаrper pаin.
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when a muscle is stimulated to contract aerobically, less lactic acid is formed than when it contracts anaerobically because:
When a muscle is stimulated to contract aerobically, less lactic acid is formed than when it contracts anaerobically because under aerobic conditions most of the pyruvate generated as a result of glycolysis is oxidized by the citric acid cycle rather than reduced to lactate.
The manner of breakdown of the glucose molecule into pyruvic acid is called glycolysis. The manner of glycolysis is accomplished below the cardio response. The response which occurred in presence of air is called cardio response.
In this manner, Glucose is absolutely digested into carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Hence, the lactic acid is not shaped.
The lactic acid is shaped because of a scarcity of oxygen and leads to incomplete oxidation.
Hence, the correct is E that is below cardio conditions maximum of the pyruvate generated because of glycolysis is oxidized through the citric acid cycle as opposed to decreased to lactate.
Complete question is
When a muscle is stimulated to contract aerobically, less lactic acid is formed than when it contracts anaerobically because:_____________. 1. glycolysis does not occur to significant extent under aerobic conditions. 2. muscle is metabolically less active under aerobic than anaerobic conditions. 3. the lactic acid generated is rapidly incorporated into lipids under aerobic conditions. 4. under aerobic conditions in muscle, the major energy-yielding pathway is the pentose phosphate pathway, which does not produce lactate. 5. under aerobic conditions most of the pyruvate generated as a result of glycolysis is oxidized by the citric acid cycle rather than reduced to lactate.
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a glycerol molecule and three 2-pentenoic acid molecules are shown. delete atoms and add bonds as necessary to form a triacylglycerol (triglyceride). draw only the triacylglycerol product.
The compound that is formed by the combination of the pentenoic acid and the glycerol molecule is shown in the image attached.
What is the triglyceride?We know that the way in which a fat is formed is by the reaction between a fatty acid and glycerol. The fatty acid is known to contain the acid group which can then be able to couple with the glycerol molecule and then be able to form the triglyceride.
Let us look at the compound as it has been shown in the image that have been attached to this answer. We can see that there is the glycerol molecule which contains three -OH groups and these are the -OH groups that would finally combine with the acid groups in the compounds of the fatty acids in an acid base reaction. Molecules of water are lost in the reaction.
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which statement is false? group of answer choices bacillus and clostridium are capable of sporulation endospores are microscopic endospores are resistant to killing by heat, radiation, and chemicals germination occurs when water and nutrients are abundant vegetative cells sporulate when they enter the human body
The moment that they enter the human body, vegetative cells sporulate. This claim is untrue. The developing cell, also known as a vegetative cell, forgoes typical cellular division to create an endospore during sporulation.
Some bacteria, primarily Firmicutes, will sporulate as a dramatic reaction to intense stress. When the environment is favorable for bacterial growth and reproduction, endospores re-grow into vegetative cells, active bacterial cell that engages in metabolism. It transforms from vegetative cells into endospores in hazardous environments if they can. Endospores are subsequently created inside the vegetative cell as a result, and these cells lyse to release the endospores.
Thus, we can conclude that when vegetative cells reach the human body, they do not sporulate.
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What type of mutation has occurred in the following example?
A.) deletion mutation
B.) insertion mutation
C.) point mutation
Which letter choice is correct? A, B, or C?
Use the screenshot to answer question
Point mutation is type of mutation has occurred in the following example.
Point mutations: What are they?A single base pair that is added, deleted, or changed in a genome is known as a point mutation. While most point mutations are harmless, they can also have a variety of functional effects, such as changes in gene expression or modifications to proteins that are encoded.
Point mutations occur when a single nitrogenous base is substituted, deleted, or added to a single base pair of DNA. Sickle cell anemia is an illustration of a point mutation. It involves a mutation in just one base pair of the beta-globin chain, which is the blood pigment known as hemoglobin.
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when our esophagus contracts involuntarily to move a bolus of food down, it is acting based on which subdivision of the motor nervous system?
The force that moves food through the esophagus into the stomach is Push force from contractions of the esophagus moves food through the esophagus.
When we are sitting upright and eat food, the food moves down the esophagus and into the stomach.
Now, that will be a logical explanation because just like a flow, it goes with gravity position and would go from up down like a free fall.
However, when we are not sitting upright but upside down with our head on the ground and legs up, what happens is that the food still goes to the stomach via the esophagus but this time because of the position of the body, the esophagus will contract i.e. contraction in the walls of the food pipe which will lead to a push force that takes the food into the stomach.
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Food is moved through the digestive tract by a sequence of wave-like muscle contractions called peristalsis. The process begins in the esophagus, where powerful waves of smooth muscle transport balls of swallowed food to the stomach.
The somatic and autonomic nervous systems are the two divisions of the motor division, and they are different depending on the kind of motor function to be performed. The portion of the nervous system that controls free will and conscious thought is known as the somatic nervous system. The peripheral nervous system's autonomic nervous system controls physiological functions that are carried out automatically, such as digestion, blood pressure, respiration, and sexual desire.
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this view demonstrates the location of bones that form the cranium. what important roles does thecranium play in regard to the brain?
What is the cranium?
The head's skeletal structure. The cranium is made up of facial bones and cranial bones, which surround and guard the brain (bones that form the eye sockets, nose, cheeks, jaw, and other parts of the face). The spinal cord attaches to the brain through a hole at the base of the skull.
The upper, bowel-shaped portion of the skull that houses the brain is called the cranium. There are eight bones in the cranium (two parietal, two temporal, and one each of the occipital, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones).The roof and sides of the cranium are formed by the paired parietal bones.It supports the facial structure and creates the cranial cavity, which houses the brain. The brain is housed in the cranial cavity, which supports and shields the organ.It shields the brain from any harm from the outside world.The muscles that are needed for head movement and chewing are attached to the cranium.It encircles the meninges to offer structure and protection.Hence, the cranium plays an important role in regard to the brain.
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We can use a punnett square to predict the outcome of self-fertilization for the f1 hybrids of a monohybrid cross. In this case, the punnett square should be set up as a blank______ square.
2x2 Punnett squares represent crosses between monohybrid individuals and are composed of two rows and two columns. We can use a punnett square to predict the outcome of self-fertilization for the f1 hybrids of a monohybrid cross. In this case, the punnett square should be set up as a 2x2 square.
What is a Punnett square?
The Punnett square is a representation of crosses between different individuals, in which the probabilities of getting offspring with different genotypes and phenotypes are expressed.
During these crosses, different gamete combinations occur according to the alleles involved in a cross. Let us remember that each gamete carries an allele of one of the involved genes.
In Punnett squares, raws represent one of the parental gametes, and columns represent the other parental gametes. Gamete combinations occur when raws and columns intercross.
When talking about monohybrid crosses, we assume we are referring to a single diallelic gene coding for a single trait. Since two alleles are involved, the Punnett squares that represent this cross will be composed of two rows and two columns. It is a 2x2 Punnett square.
We can use a punnett square to predict the outcome of self-fertilization for the f1 hybrids of a monohybrid cross. In this case, the punnett square should be set up as a 2x2 square.
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Regarding most cells, the orderly process consisting of interphase and cell division is called the.
Regarding most cells, the orderly process consisting of interphase and cell division is called the cell cycle.
What is cell cycle?The cell cycle refers to a series of events that occur within a cell as it grows and divides. Cells spend most of their time in what is called interphase, during which they grow, replicate chromosomes, and prepare for cell division. The cell then exits interphase, undergoes mitosis, and completes division.The cell cycle can be thought of as the life cycle of a cell. In other words, it is the series of growth and development steps that a cell goes through between its "birth" (formation by division of the mother cell) and reproduction (dividing into two new daughter cells).A central component of the cell cycle control system is the cyclin-dependent protein kinase, whose activity depends on its association with the regulatory subunit, cyclin.Oscillations in the activity of different cyclin complexes lead to the initiation of different cell cycle events.To learn more about cell cycle from the given link :
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in the photosystem i reaction center, light energy captured by pigment molecules is passed to a special reaction center chlorophyll a called
In the photosystem I reaction center, light energy captured by pigment molecules is passed to a special reaction center chlorophyll a called P700.
Photosystem I is a complex of integral membrane proteins. Its function is to capture the sunlight energy and excite an electron to mediate its flow through a series of electrons in order to make the usable form of energy ATP and NADPH. The wavelength of light absorbed by photosystem I is 700 nm.
Chlorophyll a is the most important type of chlorophyll essentially required for photosynthesis. It has the maximum capability to absorb the sunlight energy and convert it into chemical energy.
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the condition in which the bones become more porous, brittle, and fragile and are more likely to fracture is called:
The condition in which the bones become more porous, brittle, and fragile and are more likely to fracture is called Osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis reasons bones to turn out to be susceptible and brittle — so brittle that a fall or maybe moderate stresses together with bending over or coughing can motive a fracture. Osteoporosis-associated fractures maximum usually arise withinside the hip, wrist or spine. Bone is dwelling tissue this is continuously being damaged down and replaced.
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imagine we have two of these chambers. in chamber a we turn the the carbon dioxide valve all the way up. in chamber b we only provide half as much carbon dioxide as the first chamber. we also make sure to water both plants whenever they appear to be low on water. what do you expect the results of our experiment to be?
In the chamber, we turn the carbon dioxide valve all the way up. in chamber b we only provide half as much carbon dioxide as the first chamber plants.
Carbon dioxide is an odorless, colorless fuel. it's miles a waste product that your body makes whilst it makes use of food for energy. Your blood consists of carbon dioxide in your lungs. when you exhale, you breathe out carbon dioxide. Having too much or too little carbon dioxide in your blood can be a signal of a health problem.
Natural resources of carbon dioxide include most animals, which exhale carbon dioxide as a waste product. Human activities that cause carbon dioxide emissions come primarily from energy production, along with burning coal, oil, or natural fuel.
Hypercapnia, or hypercarbia, is when you have an excessive amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in your bloodstream. It generally occurs because of hypoventilation or no longer being able to breathe properly and get oxygen into your lungs.
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The actual boilling point of pure water is 100.0c.
Answer:
The boiling point of pure water is measured to be 99.1°C.
Explanation:
Hope it helps
Answer: 100.0 C
Explanation: It is 100.0 degrees C because that is water boiling point.
Dna damage leads to accumulation of ________ p53, which _______ production of a cdk inhibitor to ________ the cell cycle.
When DNA is damaged, phosphorylated p53 builds up and causes a rise in the creation of a cdk inhibitor, which stops the cell cycle.
A DNA simple definition is what?the molecule that houses the hereditary material needed for a creature to develop and work, and is present inside cells. Dna strands enable the transmission of this knowledge from one generation to the next.
How does DNA affect a person?Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the essential component of a person's whole genetic make-up. Almost all of the body cells contain it. A child's DNA is also the same in all of their cells. As an illustration, a man's blood shares DNA with his skin cells, sperms, and saliva.
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What are two ways that the regulation of gene expression is different in eukaryotes than prokaryotes?.
Prokaryotic gene expression is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level. Epigenetics, transcription, post-transcription, translation, and post-translation all influence eukaryotic gene expression.
Due to the lack of a defined nucleus, prokaryotic gene expression (both transcription and translation) occurs within the cytoplasm of a cell; thus, the DNA is freely located within the cytoplasm. In prokaryotic cells, gene expression is regulated at the transcriptional level. An operon's transcription can be controlled in three ways: repressive control, activator control, and inducible control.
Transcription and translation are two critical steps in gene expression. Both processes are tightly coupled in time and space in bacteria, and they are highly regulated. Gene expression must be tightly regulated.
Gene expression in eukaryotic cells is controlled by both repressors and transcriptional activators. Eukaryotic repressors, like their prokaryotic counterparts, bind to specific DNA sequences and inhibit transcription. Eukaryotic gene expression is controlled during transcription and RNA processing in the nucleus, as well as protein translation in the cytoplasm. Proteins can be further regulated via post-translational modifications.
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Reactant Cellular Respiration Equation Glucose + PLEASE HELP THIS IS HOMEWORK
Answer: Chemical equation: 6CO2 + H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Explanation:
Carbon Dioxide (6CO2) + Water (H2O) -> Glucose (C6H12O6) + Oxygen (6O2)
Quick clays are very fine-grained, loosely packed sediments. Water fills the pore spaces between the grains, which are glued weakly together by.
The water molecule has a positive and negative charge. The surfaces of clay minerals are negatively charged forming covalent bond.
What is quick clay?
When subjected to excessive pressure, a certain variety of clay known as "quick clay" completely disintegrates and begins to move along its surface in a liquid-like fashion. The most common locations for quick clay are Norway and Sweden; however, it can also be found in Russia, Finland, Canada, and Alaska.
quick clay, are sensitive sediments that were deposited in marine and brackish water throughout the late glacial and postglacial periods. Due to the elimination of salt, their ability to be reshaped has become less, and as a result, they now respond like liquids when they are disturbed.
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To generate lightning, a cloud must have a ____ charge in the top half of the cloud and a _____ charge in the bottom half of the cloud.
lightning that develops when negative charges build up at the bottom of the cloud. Positive charges are build up at the top of cloud.
What happens in a thunderstorm that causes charge separation?One hypothesis for the cause of lightning is the theory of precipitation. According to this view, the collision of ice crystals within the cloud is what causes charge separation in clouds. Negative charge gathers close to the cloud base as a result of ice crystal collisions.
What causes lightning to form in clouds?Ice crystals exist in the frigid air. Water droplets are in the heated air. During the storm, the airborne droplets and crystals collide and disperse. In the clouds, this rubbing generates static electrical charges.
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during translation in prokaryotes formation of the intiation complex requires all the following except
a. a small ribosomal subunit. b. mRNA. c. RNA charged with N-formylmethionine. d. RNA polymerase. e. initiation factors.
during translation in prokaryotes formation of the initiation complex does not require RNA polymerase.
what is translation in prokaryotes ?In prokaryotes nucleus is absent, so transcription and translation occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm, where these two processes are coupled
Due to this coupling process prokaryotes produce proteins more efficiently, and faster in situations of need like during DNA replication or when it faces an environmental challenge.
This is different than gene expression in eukaryotic cell where transcription occurs in a membrane-enclosed nucleus together with processing of mRNA and transported to the cytoplasm.
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deforestation decreases the number of plants available to take up co2 and use it to make glucose during photosynthesis. what impact could this have on the ph of the oceans?
CO₂ combines with H₂O to form carbonic acid. As CO₂ concentrates in the ocean, it becomes more acidic.
What is deforestation?Deforestation is the targeted logging of forested areas. Throughout history, and right up to the present day, forests have been cut down for timber for agriculture, grazing, fuel, manufacturing, and construction. Deforestation has profoundly changed the landscape around the world.
What are the consequences of deforestation?Deforestation impacts the environment through loss of biodiversity and disruption of ecosystem processes and economies through impairment of ecosystem services and inefficient use of resources.Loss of trees and other vegetation can cause climate change, desertification, soil erosion, reduced yields, flooding, increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and many other problems for indigenous peoples.To learn more about deforestation visit:
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ii) What name is given to the process by which Lance's maize plants absorb the
mineral salts from the soil?
The name of the process by which the roots of the maize plant absorb mineral salts from the soil is: diffusion.
Roots are the bottom-most part of the plant that are present inside the soil. Their function is to absorb water and minerals from the soil and provide it to the whole plant. These are the also the organs of anchorage that help the whole plant to stand erect and upright.
Diffusion is the process by which the materials travel from one region to another without the use of energy. The direction of transport is from the region of high concentration of molecule to the region of low concentration.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
Lance set up an experiment to investigate how the root of maize plants absorb mineral salts from the soil and he discovered the following points: If the roots were given a poison the prevented respiration, the plant did not absorb any minerals: If the roots Were in waterlogged soil and, therefore lacked oxygen, the plants did not absorb any minerals.
What name is given to the process by which Lance's maize plants absorb the mineral salts from the soil?
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the development and use of the muscle biopsy procedure by swedish researchers in the 1960s allowed for the original determination of how:
The development/improvement and use of the muscle biopsy process through swedish researchers withinside the Nineteen Sixties allowed for the authentic willpower is achieved through depleting rapid muscle glycogen become in the course of exercising.
FACTORS INFLUENCING GLYCOGEN STORES:
Glycogen shops in liver and muscle lower in the course of bodily activity; the longer and extra extreme the activity, the more the charge and normal discount of glycogen shops. Consuming a weight-reduction plan that elements enough carbohydrates and strength (energy) to suit or exceed each day prices consequences in a slow supercompensation of muscle glycogen shops over days and weeks, a reaction that may be further stronger through nutritional interventions. Improved bodily health is an extra stimulus for stronger muscle glycogen shops, assisting make certain that enough carbohydrate strength is to be had to gas extreme and extended education and competition. Dietary and exercising interventions that have an impact on muscle glycogen synthesis.
It is apparent from the clinical proof that eating a weight-reduction plan excessive in carbohydrate content (eg, often's 60% of overall energy or preferably the quantity of carbohydrate enough to update the carbohydrate oxidized in the course of relaxation and education), mixed with right education and ok relaxation, consequences in supercompensation of muscle glycogen shops. However, it seems that many athletes might not be eating sufficient carbohydrates on a each day foundation to completely repair muscle glycogen.
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