The process of development begins early in a person's life. Infants are born speechless, but by the age of four months, they can recognize speech sounds and engage in babbling.
How the converge to facilitate acquisition, development, and use of language?The first stage of learning or conditioning is called acquisition. At this moment, a response is connected to a stimulus to the point that the organism (a person, an animal, etc.) is said to have "acquired" the response.
The process of development begins early in a person's life. Infants are born speechless, but by the age of four months, they can recognize speech sounds and engage in babbling. According to some studies, a foetus starts to learn in utero when it learns to distinguish the sounds and speech patterns of its mother.
Language use is a formal method of communication that involves the combination of words and/or symbols, whether they are spoken or written, as well as some rules that control them.
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What type of evolution is cichlid fishes?; What adaptations do cichlids have?; What are the 2 main groups of cichlids?; Where are cichlid fish found?
Cichlids, mainly freshwater fishes, are found in tropical America, Africa, Madagascar, and southern Asia. Large African lakes are home to the bulk of species.
Cichlids have relatively deep bodies and only one nostril instead of the usual two on each side of the head. A fractured lateral line and three or more spines are present. Despite being huge for tank fishes, they rarely grow longer than 30 cm and frequently have rounded tails (12 inches). Numerous species have elongated pelvic fins and pointed dorsal fins on their backs. One of the more well-known aquarium cichlids is the firemouth (Cichlasoma meeki), a fish with bright red on its throat and in its mouth.
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If the medium has a slightly acidic pH, it will accumulate acetol and butanol alcohols; will acetol and butanol have any effect on butyric fermentation production?
It's possible that an acidic crash during butanol production could be caused by an accumulation of acids produced during ABE fermentation
What is butyric fermentation?Butyric acid fermentation is exhibited by a number of obligately anaerobic bacteria, the majority of which are members of the genus Clostridium. These bacteria are able to oxidize sugar, and on occasion amylose and pectin, to produce pyruvate through the process of glycolysis.
Pyruvate, in turn, is oxidized to produce acetylCoA by the enzyme system known as pyruvate–ferredoxin oxidoreductase, which results in the creation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The synthesis of ATP is coupled with the conversion of some of the acetylCoA into acetic acid.
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What does lividity in the fingers mean?; What happens to the body when lividity sets in?; How is the lividity pattern used to determine if a body has been moved?; How can lividity be used to determine how long a person has been dead?
Lividity in fingers is symbolic of death of the person in the posture such that stomach lies on the ground or the body has been moved postmortem.
Lividity is the phenomenon of bluish-purple discoloration of skin after death of the person. When lividity sets in, the body shows discoloration within 2 hours of lifelessness. It can be used to determine the approximate time of death of the person by pressing on the body and checking the color change that occurs. Generally, the redness that appears on pressing the body, if disappears soon then it shows that the person died approximately within 2 hours from that instant. If the color remains as such, then it shows permanent lividity, which means over 8 hours have passes since the death of the person. This is specifically termed as blanching.
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which of the following are a result of a failure of the body's mechanisms and usually is usually caused by gram negative bacteria
Sepsis is a result of a failure of the body's mechanisms and usually is usually caused by gram negative bacteria.
The body's severe response to an infection is sepsis. It's a medical emergency that could endanger life. When an infection you already have sets off a series of events throughout your body, it results in sepsis. Sepsis-causing infections typically begin in the gastrointestinal system, urinary tract, skin, or lungs.
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If two parents are heterozygous for a particular trait, which of the following ratios would best reflect the phenotype of their offspring?
A) dominant
B) carriers
C) latent
D) karyotypes
Answer:
The answer would be B. carriers
Explanation:
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If a BLAST result show 100% coverage and 97% identity the sequences are from closely related individuals. True False
True. If a BLAST result show 100% coverage and 97% identity the sequences are from closely related individuals.
BLAST - Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
In biological sequences, BLAST looks for areas of similarity. The software determines the statistical significance by comparing protein or nucleotide sequences to sequence databases. Using a substitution matrix, the query is compared to words of length "W" that score at least "T" in the initial search. In an effort to produce an alignment with a score higher than the "S" criterion, word hits are then stretched in either direction. The "T" option controls the search's sensitivity and speed.
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The nitrogen cycle is one of the most important and complex of the biogeochemical cycles. It is an important cycle because nitrogen:
is a greenhouse gas
is an essential part of biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
is the most toxic element to living organisms
dilutes the oxygen in the atmosphere causing respiratory problems
can lead to an ozone hole if it is not cycled properly.
Thus, nitrogen gas is transformed into more useful forms by the nitrogen cycle. This is advantageous because living molecules absolutely require nitrogen.
What part of the biogeochemical cycle does nitrogen play?Because nitrogen is a crucial component for supporting life on Earth, it is important to understand the nitrogen cycle. Amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins, and nucleic acids, which are the building blocks of genetic material, are both fundamentally composed of nitrogen.
What is the biogeochemical cycle's most crucial cycle?The most significant cycles that typically make up the core of biogeochemical cycles are the water, carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen cycles. The water cycle, one of the most significant cycles, is a key regulator of the biogeochemical cycles.
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A common trait found in orange tabby cats is the following: being awesome (A) is dominant to being average (a).
A male cat that is homozygous dominant for the A trait is mated with a female cat that is homozygous recessive.
For a cross with four offspring, what is the probability that they will have an offspring who is heterozygous?
_____ out of _____.
WORD BANK: 4, 0, 25, 75, 100, 4, 50
There is a 50% chance that they will have a heterozygous offspring.
What is a trait and how to find out the possibility of heterozygous offspring using a cross?A trait is a characteristic or feature of an organism that can either be modified by the environment or expressed genetically. Genes, environment, or a combination of the two may affect traits. Qualitative and quantitative qualities both exist. An unchangeable constant passed down from parent to child at birth is known as a characteristic.
Now, for a cross with four offspring, it is given that-
Male cat- AA Bb
Female cat- aa bb
Cross: AA Bb × AB
From Punnett square, gametes are- AB, Ab, and ab AaBb ab ab Aabb
The trait probability for a heterozygous trait is either 1 or 100%.
Half, or 50%, of individuals have the heterozygous b trait.
50% = 50% is the total probability.
Therefore, the probability that the cats will have a heterozygous offspring is 50 %.
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They have a 50% chance of producing a heterozygous child.
What is a characteristic, and how can a cross be used to determine whether there might be heterozygous offspring?
An organism's trait is a quality or characteristic that can either be changed by its environment or expressed genetically. Traits may be influenced by genes, environment, or a mixture of the two. There are both qualitative and quantitative attributes. A characteristic is an unalterable constant transferred from parent to child at birth.
Now, given that a cross produced four children,
Cat male, AA Bb
Cat female, aa bb
Cross: AB AA Bb
Gametes are AB, Ab, and ab AaBb ab ab Aabb according to Punnett's square.
A heterozygous trait has a probability of either 1 or 100%.
In 50% of people, the heterozygous b characteristic is present.
The entire probability is 50%.
Therefore, there is a 50% chance that the cats will produce heterozygous offspring.
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Match each category of eukaryotes (according to the 6-supergroup system) with examples of group members:
Every class of eukaryotes (in line with the 6-supergroup gadget) with examples of organization members amoeboids, and mobile slime molds.
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-sure organelles there may be a wide variety of eukaryotic organisms, which include all animals, flowers, fungi, and protists, in addition to most algae. Eukaryotes may be both unmarried-celled or multicellular.
A eukaryote is any cell or organism that possesses a sincerely described nucleus. The eukaryotic mobile has a nuclear membrane that surrounds the nucleus, in which the well-defined chromosomes (bodies containing the hereditary material) are located.
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Explain the relationships between the following terms: DNA, chromosomes, sister chromatids,
homologous chromosomes and replicated chromosomes.
Answer:
DNA is the genetic material that is organized into genes and located on chromosomes.
Chromosomes are replicated during cell division, producing sister chromatids.
Humans have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes, and each pair is composed of one chromosome inherited from the mother and one chromosome inherited from the father.
Sister chromatids are identical copies of replicated chromosomes that are joined together at the centromere.
Which of the following can produce a foodborne intoxication?A. Clostridium botulinum and SalmonellaB. Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureusC. Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium botulinumD. Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus
Answer:
C) Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium botulinum
Explanation:
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while hiking, you must push aside thick branches that are near your face. one of them rips the skin on your arm and you begin to bleed from the cut. which of the following plays an important role in initially protecting you from infection?
The first line of defense against pathogens is mechanical barriers, which physically prevent pathogens from entering the body. The skin is very crucial to infection.
The most significant mechanical barrier is the skin. In actuality, it is the body's most crucial line of defense. Pathogens find it highly challenging to enter the skin's outer layer because of its toughness. At body openings, mucous membranes act as a mechanical barrier. Pathogens cannot enter the body because of mechanical barriers, which include the skin, mucous membranes, and bodily fluids like tears and urine. Pathogens on bodily surfaces are eliminated by chemical barriers, such as the enzymes in saliva, perspiration, and sperm. The components of innate immunity include physical barriers (epithelial tight junctions, tight junctions in the skin), biological barriers (such as infection)
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A(n) ______ is a stretch of DNA consisting of an operator, a promoter, and genes for a related set of proteins, usually making up an entire metabolic pathway.
A(n) operon is a stretch of DNA consisting of an operator, a promoter, and genes for a related set of proteins, usually making up an entire metabolic pathway.
An operon is a functional piece of DNA in genetics that houses a collection of genes that are all regulated by the same promoter. The genes are combined during transcription to form an mRNA strand, which is then either translated in the cytoplasm as a single unit or split into monocistronic mRNAs, which are translated individually and consist of many strands of mRNA that each encode a single gene product. The operon's genes as a result either express themselves simultaneously or not at all. An operon is defined by the co-transcription of many genes.
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if zoologists want to study how tigers interact with each other in their habitats, which of these research methods will they most likely use?
Naturalistic observation includes everything from monitoring an animal's feeding habits in a forest to witnessing kids' conduct in a classroom and how tigers interact with each other in their habitats.
What naturalistic observation experiments are there?In a naturalistic observation study, scientists might observe monkeys in their natural habitat. To investigate monkey behavior without influencing it, researchers might use covert audio recording, covert researcher observation, hidden cameras, or all of the above.
What are the four defining features of naturalism?Social Darwinism, objectivity, determinism, and the indifferent natural world are components of the naturalist movement.
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depending on the external solute concentration, the internal solute concentrations of osmoregulators are: select all that apply.
Depending on the external solute concentration, the internal solute concentrations of osmoregulators are different.
What is osmoregulators?
The organism that actively regulate the osmotic pressure but they are not depend on the surrounding.
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which of the following is a major artery that supplies blood to the shoulder, scapular muscles, and humerus? a.Ulnar, b.Axillary, c.Vertebral
The right option is b) Axillary. It is the major artery which provides blood to shoulder, scapular muscles and humerus.
The axillary artery is a large muscle vessel that runs through the axilla. It is responsible for supplying oxygen-rich blood to the upper limb as well as to a component of the musculocutaneous system of the scapula and upper lateral thorax. The neurovascular bundle formed by the artery and brachial plexus cords is encased in the axillary fascia. The clavipectoral fascia is then connected to the suspensory ligaments of the axilla, a continuation of the clavipectoral fascia, for additional protection. When the arm is abducted (away from the midline of the body) and the suspensory ligaments are tense, the axillary artery can be palpated more easily in the axilla's concavity than when it is adducted (near the midline of the body).
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Which of the following structures are strongly attached to the sclera of the eye and must be cut off to be isolated during dissection? Check All That Apply comea ロロロロ vitreous humor
Strong attachments between both the structures of the cornea and iris and the sclera of the eye must be severed in order to isolate them during dissection.
What is dissection medical term?To cut or separate tissues is to dissect. During surgery, doctors dissect the tissue. This surgery typically done to remove a body portion that is deemed to be unhealthy. Physicians examine corpses after death. the act of chopping or separating tissue, as can be done during a surgical procedure or when studying anatomy, for example.
What are the causes of dissection?Dissection seems to be an integral part of forensics and is employed to assist in identifying the cause of death during autopsy (also known as necropsies in the case of other animals).
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Is a cell made of atoms and/or molecules?
chemoreceptors . chemoreceptors . are present in the carotid bodies provide information on blood pressure to cardiovascular and respiratory control centers consist of free nerve endings that branch within the elastic tissues in the walls of hollow organs monitor changes in pressure
Chemoreceptors. One way to control breathing is through feedback from the chemoreceptors. There are two types of respiratory chemoreceptors.
While peripheral chemoreceptors act faster because they detect changes in the periphery such as air/oxygen pressure. When there is a partial pressure of oxygen. The chemoreceptors of the cardiovascular system are located in two places. The carotid bodies are located in the carotid arteries that run through the neck to the brain, and the aortic bodies are located in the aortic arch, an arterial feature near the heart. They have main functions in respiratory regulations and gustatory and olfactory sensory reactions. A trigger for peripheral chemoreceptors is hypoxia, or reduced oxygen levels in the body due to high altitudes, etc. This stimulates the carotid and aortic bodies to signal to the brain that it needs more oxygen.
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24) Over time, the movement of people on Earth has steadily increased. This has altered the course of human evolution by increasingA) nonrandom mating.B) geographic isolation.C) genetic drift.D) gene flow.
The course of human evolution has been altered due to D) gene flow.
In the field of biology and inheritance, gene flow can be described as a phenomenon in which traits or genetic material is transferred from one type of population to another type of population.
With the increase in scientific developments and technology, the movement of people or traveling on the Earth has become far easier than it was before. Due to this people from one population move to another population where they might interbreed to promote gene flow.
Gene flow, in this way, has caused alteration in the traditional evolution methods as people of all kinds can be found due to gene flow.
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where does translation take place; rna to protein is called; explain the process of translation; where does transcription occur; trna; 7 steps of translation; dna to rna is called; rna to dna process
Translation takes place on ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm, where mRNA is read and translated into the string of amino acid chains that make up the synthesized protein.
In general, mRNA carries the genetic material from the DNA to the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. In the process of translation, proteins are made by utilizing the information stored in the mRNA sequence. These mRNA are attached to a structure called a ribosome these are able to read the genetic information.
On the other hand, Transcription occurs in the nucleus in eukaryotic organisms, while translation is said to take place in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum.
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Please need an answer.
Internal gestation followed by live birth is an evolutionary development most likely driven by which of the following?
A) The need to give birth and reproduce on dry land where eggs could dry out
B) The eggs' inability to acquire nutrients to grow complex animals
C) Environmental conditions caused eggs to over-absorb dangerous molecules from the environment.
D) The threat of predators to eat eggs.
* D is not correct answer
Internal gestation followed by live birth is an evolutionary development most likely driven by D) The threat of predators to eat eggs.
What are evolutionary development and adaptive features?Evolutionary development is a term used to indicate how natural selection tends to favor embryo development in regard to certain features that increase adaptive fitness, i.e the differential survival rate and also the differential reproductive rate.
Moreover, adaptive features make reference to all features aimed at increasing the survival rate of an individual under particular environmental conditions such as the survival of mammals that are located in terrestrial environments (i.e., in the land).
Therefore, with this data, we can see that evolutionary development and adaptive features are associated with the survival and differential reproduction rate of mammals through the process of internal gestation which is aimed at increasing the adaptive fitness of species.
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What kinds of gene variants are possible?
Answer: I’m not exactly sure
Explanation:
thanks 4 the points tho
What is the genetic outcome of fertilization?; What happens if a mutation occurs in an egg or sperm?; What is the process where genes are inserted into the genome of a different organism?; How does the DNA from sperm and egg combine?
The procedure of inserting a gene from one organism into another is ;
Recombinant DNA technologyRecombinant DNA technology is a part of genetic engineering whereby the DNA molecule from different species are fused together ( I.e. DNA molecule is taken from a donor and inserted into the DNA of the host ).
Intermolecular forces are the forces that bind molecules together. These forces are significant because they aid chemists in determining a substance's physical characteristics, such as its state, melting and boiling points, and so on.
The stronger the intermolecular interactions, the higher the melting and boiling temperatures. During fertilization, egg and sperm combine to form a zygote, a cell with 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). One homologous chromosome originated from each parent for each chromosomal pair.
They have the same genes in the same order, however the DNA letters of those genes differ somewhat.
If a mutation develops in a germ-line cell (one that will give birth to gametes, such as egg or sperm cells), the mutation can be passed on to the progeny of an organism. This means that the mutation will be carried by every cell in the growing embryo.
Genetic Modification For example, genetic engineering may entail introducing a gene from one species into an organism from another species in order to achieve a desired feature.
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Which of the following is true of detritivores?
A. they convert organic materials from all trophic levels to inorganic compounds usable by primary producers
B. some species are autotrophic, whereas others are heterotrophic
C. they synthesize organic molecules that are used by primary producers
D. they secrete enzymes that convert the organic molecules of detritus into CO2 and H2O
A. they convert organic materials from all trophic levels to inorganic compounds usable by primary producers
A detritivore is a heterotrophic creature that feeds on debris to get nutrition. The organic debris known as detritus is composed of dead plant and animal components.
Which of the following is true about Detritivores?Detritivores eat animal and plant tissue that has decomposed (i.e. vultures). Decomposers consume decaying tissue, but instead break it down through biochemical processes (i.e. fungi).
Detritivores: what do they do?An organism that consumes rotting or dead plants or animals is referred to as a detritivore. Bacteria and other microscopic animals, as well as larger ones like fungus, insects, worms, and some crustaceans, are examples of detritivores.
an organism that consumes organic stuff that has died and is rotting, such as an earthworm or fungus
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if your friend asked you to explain how the structures of the kidneys are involved in the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion, which of the following would you most likely say?
The part of kidney which is most likely to be involved in filtration, reabsorption, and secretion processes are the renal pyramids.
Blood enter the nephron through the glomerulus. The glomerulus pushes blood cells and proteins into the glomerular capsule. The filtrate flows into the proximal convoluted tubule. Nephrons in the renal pyramids filter blood for the renal artery. Renal pyramids are small structures that contain strings of nephrons and tubules. Humans have an average of seven to eighteen renal pyramids per kidney. The processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion ensures that only waste and excess water are removed from the body. Filtration is the process of mass movement of water and solutes from plasma to the renal tubules.
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Each of the species concepts (morphospecies, biological, and phylogenetic) have strengths and weaknesses. Compare and contrast all three, and evaluate them for their relative usefulness.
Morphospecies: A species that only differs from others in terms of morphology.
Strength ;
Differences in physical characteristics serve as the basis for defining species.species are simpler to distinguish because they are regarded as species if several organisms share a similar appearance.because it is a simpler approach to categorize organisms.Weakness ;
Quite subjective, thus it might be difficult to decide which characteristics to use to identify a species.There is no thought given to reproduction or reproductive seclusion.Errors might arise while identifying species if morphological characteristics are not clearly visible, remain in an immature form, or are damaged.Biological : Biology-related or having to do with life and living things. refers to a material created from a living thing or one of its byproducts in medicine. Biologicals can be used to treat, diagnose, or relieve disease symptoms.
Strength ;
species distinguished by uniqueness.Populations make up species rather than isolated individuals.isolated populations in terms of reproduction.In this case, species serve as both an ecological and genetic unit. In its surroundings, the species as a whole interacts with other species. It is a genetic unit that functions as a gene pool, and each person is in possession of a fraction of that gene pool.Species are reproductive groups where members identify potential partners for reproduction.Weakness ;
Only applies to creatures that reproduce sexually.species that are not distinguished by any outward features.This concept cannot be used to evaluate hybrid complexes.Phylogenetic :
The study of evolutionary relationships among biological things, most frequently between species, people, or genes, is known as phylogenetics (which may be referred to as taxa).
Strength ;
The smallest group of individuals within whom a parental pattern of ancestry and descent is discernible is referred to as a species in this context.Each species needs to be distinct from every other species.Diagnostic traits that can be used to categorize reproductive communities must be passed down from one generation to the next.The species, or group of people, must not contain any other exclusive groups.Weakness ;
Removing reproductive isolation as a factor in species classification.Recognizes any character, not only morphological ones, as being appropriate for diagnosis.Many species that are recognized by other concepts are not taken into account.Evaluation:
According to the comparison above, adopting the morphological or morphospecies notion is the simplest method to identify a group as a species.
If conditions are favorable, all features must be clearly visible and undamaged, all organisms must be of the same age group or close to it, and the characteristics to be used as characters for differentiating must be pre-specified or pre-determined by researchers
2. The phylogenetic species idea is useful for tracing ancestry since it recognizes species as the smallest collection of people who share a common ancestor.
But given the removal of reproductive isolation or patterns, as well as the non-use of morphological traits, this is completely undesirable.
3. The biological species notion is the one that is most widely recognized. Because it recognizes the reproductive system and declares that a population, rather than a collection of unrelated or disconnected organisms, constitutes a species.
This general observation fits quite well with the statement of this concept, namely that species serve as genetic and ecological units. We can observe normally that one species interacts with another species even after being isolated (reproductively), and that the species also serve as a reservoir of genes. In light of all of the information, we can say that the idea is viable and likely to produce positive outcomes.
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mutation produces new genetic variations, at random, with no forethought about which variations might prove blank. individuals with mutations that are blank will not produce many offspring, but individuals with blank mutations will produce many offspring. the beneficial mutations will thus blank in frequency through blank.
Because mutations are unpredictable, mechanisms of evolution like natural selection and genetic drift may operate with them. Environment-related factors are considered to affect the rate of mutation but not often the direction of mutation.
Genetic variety is the presence of genetic variation throughout an entire species. Natural selection can only change the allele frequency that is already present in the population, hence genetic variety is crucial for the process.Because it helps some people adapt to their environment, genetic variety benefits the population as a whole. Genetic variety is primarily caused by mutation, gene flow, sexual reproduction, haphazard mating of organisms, haphazard fertilisation, and crossing over. Phenotypic variance in a population is brought about by genetic and environmental variation. The height of a plant is an illustration of phenotypic diversity.
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please choose all of the statements that are true regarding transcription and translation in prokaryotes.
The statements that are true regarding transcription and translation in prokaryote
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both engage in transcription and translation; but, in eukaryotic cells, these processes occur at distinct locations than in prokaryote cells Prokaryotic cells do not go through the considerable processing that occurs in eukaryotic cells before the mRNA is prepared for translation.Transcription and translation are independent processes that happen in eukaryotic cells; transcription happens in the nucleus, while translation happens in the cytoplasm. Transcription and translation are ongoing processes in prokaryotic cells that both take place in the cytoplasm. Prokaryotes but not eukaryotes have continuous transcription and translation processes.
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the concentration gradient, morphogens, induction, and cell adhesion provide___to a developing organism.
The concentration gradient, morphogens, induction, and cell adhesion provide positional information to a developing organism.
Morphogens are compounds that produce a graded distribution and different biological reactions in a dose-dependent way. They serve as a means of supplying positional data to specific cells within a field, which is then processed to produce spatial patterns. Morphogens may include intracellular components that diffuse throughout the cytoplasm to create a concentration gradient.
The majority of the time, morphogens are composed of secreted proteins that create an extracellular gradient inside a field of cells. Many different methods for creating extracellular morphogen gradients have been supported by experimental research and computational analysis.
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