Mass extinction events influence subsequent species composition and diversity by reducing competition among surviving organisms.
What caused the most extinction-level change?Around 252 million years ago, the end of the Permian epoch was marked by the greatest extinction in Earth's history. Our world was home to a variety of flora and creatures long before the emergence of dinosaurs, most of which were wiped off by a series of enormous volcanic eruptions in Siberia.How is humanity contributing to the next extinction event?According to the report, this mass extinction is different from others because human activity—changes in land use, temperature, pollution, hunting, fishing, and poaching—is the sole reason. Both on land and in the oceans, the absence of these powerful predators has had an impact.
To learn more mass extinction visit:
https://brainly.com/question/11872946
#SPJ4
Explain what would happen to the carbojn cycle if there were no decomposers present in an ecosystem.
If there were no decomposers, the carbon would remain locked in dead organisms and could only be released through combustion.
What are decomposers?Decomposers are organisms that break down or decompose dead or decaying organisms. The primary decomposers in the ecosystem are bacteria and fungi. The organic and nutrient matter released by decomposers is absorbed or taken up by the ecosystem's plants or producers. Decomposers interact with the ecosystem by reintroducing essential components into the food cycle. They include fungi as well as invertebrate organisms such as earthworms, termites, and millipedes, which are sometimes referred to as detritivores. Fungi play an important role in decomposition, particularly in forests. Some fungi, such as mushrooms, resemble plants. Fungi, insects, earthworms, and bacteria are the four main types of decomposers.To know more about decomposers:
https://brainly.com/question/386133
#SPJ4
Which of the outcomes could potentially result if a mutation in the gene encoding the gα subunit eliminates its gtpase activity?.
The following three results are possible if a mutation in the gene that codes for the G subunit causes it to lose its GTPase activity:
3. The signaling pathway could be activated for an extended period, possibly resulting in undesirable cell proliferation.
4. The concentration of cAMP in the cell would be continuously elevated.
6. Gα would be activated for an extended period.
The hydrolase enzymes known as GTPases attach to the nucleotide guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and hydrolyze it to produce guanosine diphosphate (GDP). The highly conserved P-loop "G domain," a protein region shared by numerous GTPases, is where GTP is bound and hydrolyzed.
The components of the Gα subunit include Gs, Gi, Gq/11, and G12/13. Adenylyl cyclase activity is regulated by the Gs and Gi families, whilst the Gq family promotes PLC-, and the G12/13 family can activate small GTPase families. The signaling pathway could be active for a long time, which could lead to unfavorable cell growth. The amount of cAMP in the cell would constantly increase. G would be turned on for a long time.
Here is another question with an answer similar to this about GTPase activity: https://brainly.com/question/15719848
#SPJ4
Question correction:
Which of the following outcomes could potentially result if a mutation in the gene encoding the G? subunit eliminates its GTPase activity? Choose three outcomes.
1. The cell would be unresponsive to molecules that act via cAMP.
2. The rate of GTP hydrolysis would increase.
3. The signaling pathway could be activated for an extended period, possibly resulting in undesirable cell proliferation.
4. The concentration of cAMP in the cell would be continuously elevated.
5. G would be ineffective as a signal molecule (that is, it could not activate other proteins).
6. G would be activated for an extended period.
Which layer of an arterial wall is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and the continuous flow of blood through the circulation?
Tunica media is responsible for maintaining blood pressure and the continuous flow of blood through the circulation.
Blood circulates throughout the body through tubes called blood vessels. These vessels come in a range of sizes and have various characteristics. Large blood vessels called arteries transport blood out from the heart. Smaller blood channels called arterioles branch off of arteries. The smallest of the vessels, capillaries, are next supplied with blood by arterioles. Blood that has passed through the tissues in the capillaries is subsequently injected into the venules. After that, the venules drain into the veins, which return the blood to the heart. The intermediate layer of the arteries and veins is known as the tunica medium. It is made up of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The arteries are where this tunic is thickest, and as the smooth muscle in this layer contracts, the diameter of the vessels is reduced, which raises the pressure inside the artery. The interior layer of the vessel, known as the tunica interna, is made up of stratified squamous epithelium. The connective tissue layer that surrounds the outside of the blood vessel is known as the tunica externa, also known as the tunica adventitia.
Learn more about the Blood circulation with the help of the given link:
https://brainly.com/question/12836593
#SPJ4
12. _______ I contain genetic material such as DNA.
The nucleus contains genetic material such as DNA. In eukaryotes, the cell's genetic material, or DNA, is contained within an organelle called the nucleus, where it is organized in long molecules called chromosomes.
What is DNA?DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It may be defined as a molecule inside cells that significantly contains the genetic information responsible for the development and function of an organism. These molecules allow this information to be passed from one generation to the next.
The genetic information of an organism is contained in DNA molecules in the form of chromosomes. The nucleus is the cell organelle that holds all sorts of this genetic information. Due to this, it is also known as the controlling center of the cell.
Therefore, the nucleus contains genetic material such as DNA.
To learn more about the nucleus, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/141626
#SPJ2
What creates a sense not only of enclosure and connection, but also movement and direction?.
The implied line creates a sense not only of enclosure and connection, but also movement and direction.
What is an implied line?An implied line is typically used to depict a small change in plane. Color, tone, and texture shifts, as well as shape borders, all imply them. A viewer follows an illustrative path to follow a figure's gaze. It directs the viewer's gaze without directly displaying a line. In portrait drawing, for example, implied line is frequently used across the bridge of the nose or along the jaw to appear more like the line found along the edge of a box. Implied lines are most common in areas with a subtle contrast between the object and the surrounding objects or elements.In art, implied lines are created through the use of colors, shadows, shapes, textures, and spaces between objects rather than by drawing them.To learn more about implied line:
https://brainly.com/question/20165490
#SPJ4
A nonnative species of ant is introduced into a woodland ecosystem. Which situation would most likely stop the species from becoming invasive?
A.The nonnative ant species tolerates the woodland's abiotic factors.
B.The nonnative ant has no predators in the woodland ecosystem.
C.There are no other ant species living in the woodland ecosystem.
D.Native ant species outcompete the nonnative ant species
sustaninability issues that come from electricity
Fundamentally, sustainability is about how people interact, how they affect one another and the environment, and how they deal with social and environmental problems. Although generally regarded as the third pillar of sustainability, others only view economics as a type of social issue.
The environment can be impacted by nearly every component of the power system, and the extent of these affects will vary depending on where and how the electricity is produced. The following are examples of generic environmental effects: emissions, particularly when a fuel is consumed, of greenhouse gas emissions and other air pollutants. Use of water resources for cooling, steam production, and other purposes. Thermal pollution is one type of pollution that is released into waterways (water that is hotter than the original temperature of the water body). Solid waste generation, which may also include hazardous garbage. Use of land for the development of power plants, transmission lines, and distribution networks. Effects of the mentioned consequences on air, water, waste, and land on plants, animals, and ecosystems. Some of these external factors may also have an impact on people's health, especially if they expose individuals to toxins in the air, water, or soil. The consequences of our growing and inefficient resource consumption include climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, ill health, and poverty. These problems are connected, and they frequently make one another worse. The environmental and social challenge is massive in scope.
Learn more about Sustainability
https://brainly.com/question/13353436
#SPJ9
Select all the molecules that can be catabolized such that the resulting carbon can be used to create ketone bodies. carbon dioxide glycogen glucose fatty acids amino acids
Fatty acids & amino acids are molecules that can be catabolized such that the resulting carbon can be used to create ketone bodies.
The metabolic process known as ketogenesis results in the production of ketone bodies in the body. Ketone bodies are produced as a substitute for carbs as an energy source. Ketone bodies form in diabetic cells as a result of their inability to use glucose as an energy source.
The main source of ketone molecules is the beta-oxidation of fatty acids, which produces acetyl CoA. Ketone bodies are created by breaking down fatty acids into two-carbon units. Therefore, fatty acids are the main source of ketone bodies in the cell, whereas ketogenic amino acids only cause ketone body production.
Two amino acids that promote ketosis are lysine and leucine. Isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine are among the amino acids that induce ketosis.
Here is another question with an answer similar to this about Fatty acids & amino acids: https://brainly.com/question/19485546
#SPJ4
how could you describe the size of a virus
A. larger than a parasite
B.about the size of a dime
C. smaller than bacteria
D. smaller than a proton
Answer: C. smaller than bacteria
Explanation: Parasites are typically seen with the bare eye (not all, but many) or with a very low magnifying microscope, and dimes are obviously able to be seen without magnification. Protons are extremely small (in the femtometer region), and bacteria are in the micrometer region. Viruses are typically in the nanometer region, so they are larger than protons but smaller than bacteria.
The graph shows the change in surface water temperatures from 1880 to the present.
How could the change in surface temperatures shown in the graph most likely impact tropical areas?
There is less average global ice, and coral bleaching will occur.Increases in surface temperature have caused an boom in the quantity of atmospheric water vapor over the oceans. This water vapor feeds climate structures that produce precipitation, growing the hazard of heavy rain and snow.
Warmer water temperatures put off ice boom withinside the fall and winter, and the ice melts quicker the subsequent spring, exposing ocean waters for an extended duration the subsequent summer. Changes in the quantity of sea ice can disrupt regular ocean circulation, thereby main to modifications in international weather.
Higher temperatures are worsening many sorts of disasters, consisting of storms, warmth waves, floods, and droughts. A hotter weather creates an surroundings which could collect, retain, and unharness extra water, converting climate styles in one of these manner that moist regions turn out to be wetter and dry regions drier.
To learn more about surface temperature here
https://brainly.com/question/5344945
#SPJ1
Answer:
There is a pattern of stronger storms and coral bleaching will occur.
Explanation:
I just read that guys answer^^
Match the patterns of inheritance with the examples. Group of answer choices
incomplete dominance [ Choose ]
dominant-recessive [ Choose ]
polygenic inheritance [ Choose ]
multiple allele [ Choose ]
Pattern of inheritance can be seen with dominant recessive alleles. The other three option follow non-mendelian principles.
What is mendelian genetics?Mendelian genetics is referred as the inheritance pattern in which the traits are passed from parents to their offspring.
For every gene, there are two expressible forms. This is known as allele. Thus, an allele can be dominant (frequently expressed) or recessive (masked in the presence of dominant allele).
According to mendelian genetics, both these forms can be expressed and inherited by the offspring.
Mendelian genetics is popularly known for its three laws of inheritance.
Therefore, through mendelian genetics many genetic disorders or their probability of occurrence in a child can be studied.
Learn more about mendelian genetics, here:
https://brainly.com/question/10189802
#SPJ1
7. Design an experiment to test the effect of varying the pH on the functioning of the enzyme
catalase.
b) describe your experimental group
pH values for catalase - Each enzyme has a specific pH range within which it functions best. Catalase only functions in people between a pH of 7 and a pH of 11. The enzyme loses its structure and becomes denaturated if the pH is more than 11 or less than 7, respectively.
Each enzyme has a best operating temperature, as well as every enzyme has a best operating pH. For instance, the digestive system's trypsin and pepsin enzymes sever long protein chains in meals into smaller pieces, such as peptide chains or individual amino acids. The stomach's extremely acidic environment is where pepsin operates. Its ideal pH is at around 1.5.Trypsin, on the other contrary, functions in the intestinal tract, which has certain areas with a pH of about 7.5. The ideal pH for trypsin is around 8. Amino acids with opposite charges will attract within the enzyme molecule. This affects how the enzyme molecule folds, how it is shaped, and how the active site is shaped. The charge on the molecules of the amino acids will change when the pH changes. The volume of oxygen evolved over a five-minute period was plotted versus the relative reaction rate. Every time the experiment was conducted, the control displayed the same enzyme activity. Up until the optimal pH level, which is around 6.3, the relative reaction rate went up with pH; however, as pH climbed, the rate of reaction declined.
Learn more about Enzyme catalase
https://brainly.com/question/15147026
#SPJ9
If a scientist is studying a coral reef, including both the biotic and abiotic components, what level of ecology is being studied?.
If a scientist is studying a coral reef, including both the biotic and abiotic components, community level of ecology is being studied
What process(es) can transfer carbon from the biotic reservoir to the abiotic reservoir?During photosynthesis, carbon is transferred from an abiotic source to living things. As a result of cellular respiration, carbon is transferred from living things to an abiotic reserve.
Every trophic level results in an exponential increase in DDT levels. Osprey are at the greatest trophic level in this group because they are the tertiary consumers, and their tissues have the highest DDT contents.
This graph illustrates the yearly growth in world population between 1950 and the present, as well as the forecast until the year 2100. In the late 1980s, the population growth rate in absolute terms reached a peak of almost 90 million new residents annually.
learn more about biotic components refer
https://brainly.com/question/12689972
#SPJ4
Nerve cells in the visual system, anywhere from the retina back to the occipital lobe, are known as.
Nerve cells from the retina to the back of occipital lobe are known as visual neurons which constitute the optic tract.
The specialized neurons in the retina of the eye called rods and cones which are involved in perceiving light and creating images. They are known as photoreceptors. After taking in the light, these rods and cones transmit impulses to the optic nerve. TOptic nerve is a bundle of nerve fibers coming out of the eyeball from a point called blind spot where the rods and cones are absent and no image can be formed. The two optic nerves, one from each eyeball cross at the optic chiasm from where onwards they are known as optic tracts. The optic tract sends impulses from the optic chiasma to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe of the brain, which is where the image is experienced through visual neurons.Hence, the correct answer is that they are called visual neurons which constitute the formation of the optic nerves and optic tract.
Learn more about optic nerve here:
https://brainly.com/question/15024733
#SPJ4
A high-mass star near the end of its life undergoes successive cycles of energy generation within its core in which gravitational collapse increases the temperature to the point where a new nuclear fusion cycle generates sufficient energy to stop the collapse. This process does not work beyond the silicon-fusion cycle that produces iron. Why is this?"".
A high mass star will not be able to generate enough energy beyond the silicon fusion cycle to stop its collapse because iron fusion doesn't generate excess energy and gas pressure to prevent the core from collapsing. Instead, it requires additional energy.
All stars generate energy by nuclear fusion at the core of the star. Fusion starts form the lightest element, hydrogen. Two hydrogen atoms fuse to form helium atoms, releasing vast amounts of energy in the form of radiation, light and heat. After a while the amounts of hydrogen atoms in a star starts to reduce, while helium becomes predominant.
Helium fusion requires way more heat and pressure to occur than hydrogen fusion. This is because the heavier the element, the greater the temperature and pressure needed to fuse it. Low mass stars are unable to produce such high amounts of energy, so they just become white dwarfs after using up all their hydrogen, but the story is different for high mass stars.
A massive star is able to generate enough heat and pressure to fuse helium. In fact, it is so hot that it is able to fuse the product of helium fusion - carbon into oxygen, oxygen into neon and phosphorus, and finally silicon is formed, which also fuses to form iron. However, beyond the silicon fusion, iron doesn't undergo any nuclear fusion. This is because the energy needed to fuse an element as heavy as iron is just too much for any star to produce no matter the size. Iron fusion also doesn't produce any gas pressure or excess energy to sustain the core; thus, the star eventually runs out of energy and collapses, leading to a supernova.
Learn more about stars here:
https://brainly.com/question/9068743
#SPJ4
Which two organelles work together to produce something and how can you tell?
Ribosomes and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) work together to synthesize proteins.
Ribosomes are the nucleoproteins That are present ether in the cytoplasm of the cell or attached to the ER. Ribosomes are also referred as protein factory because they play a central role in protein synthesis. Ribosomes can be of two types: 70S and 80S.
ER is of two types: Rough ER and Smooth ER. Rough ER contains ribosomes attached to it. RER also plays major role in protein synthesis. It helps in the modification and transport of the synthesized protein. The proteins formed in the RER are the secretory proteins.
To know more about ER, here
brainly.com/question/13118914
#SPJ1
For crossing over to occur, homologous chromosomes must align precisely early in prophase i so that nonsister chromatids can exchange corresponding segments of dna. True or false?.
False
The given statement "For crossing over to occur, homologous chromosomes must align precisely early in prophase 1 so that nonsister chromatids can exchange corresponding segments of DNA." is false.
In order for non-sister chromatids to exchange matching DNA segments, homologous chromosomes must properly align early in prophase I for crossing over to take place. Instead of close to the centromeres, chromosomes' ends are where crossing over takes place.For genes with the same corresponding loci, homologous chromosomes are made up of chromosome pairs that are roughly the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern.What takes place during prophase 1's crossing over?The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, or crossing-over, takes place during prophase I. Remember that homologous chromosomes align in pairs, gene for gene down their whole length, generating a configuration with four chromatids known as a tetrad during prophase I.What is the relevance of prophase 1 and metaphase 1 crossover?The importance of crossing over during prophase I/metaphase I is that two homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material in the same locations.To learn more about homologous chromosome visit:
https://brainly.com/question/13242901
#SPJ4
Matter is made of what plssssss
Answer: Atoms.
Explanation: Hope this helps <3
Answer:
atoms and molecules they are what make us up
The lacrimal glands produce ____.
a. saliva
b. cerumen
c. sebum
d. tears
Carbohydrate and protein molecules both contain ___________, however, protein molecules also contain ___________ in addition.
The muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum, is the:____.
The muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum, is the small intestine.
The small intestine, also known as the small bowel, is a muscular tube between the large intestine and stomach.
The process of digestion takes place here as it receives moderately digestive food from the stomach.
Moreover, the absorption of minerals, vitamins, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates also occurs here along with water which is later used by the body.
It is the longest organ found in the gastrointestinal tract and assists in food digestion.
If you need to learn more about the large intestine click here:
https://brainly.com/question/26413445
#SPJ4
Nerve cells in the visual system, anywhere from the retina back to the occipital lobe, are known as.
Nerve cells in the visual system, anywhere from the retina back to the occipital lobe, are known as visual neurons
Where are the visual processing cells situated?A collection of light-sensing cells called photoreceptors are found in the retina. Rods and cones are the two different kinds of photoreceptors.
Therefore, the three layers of cells in the retina of the human eye are arranged as follows: "Ganglion cells, bipolar cells, and photoreceptor cells" from inside to outside.
Visual illusions are distortions of how visual images are perceived. When we observe an illusion, we may have a tendency to underestimate the visual stimuli's length, curvature, location, speed, or direction. The trick here is on the intellect, not the eye.
The primary pathway for information to travel from photoreceptors to the optic nerve is a direct three-neuron chain, consisting of photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells.
learn more about visual neurons refer
https://brainly.com/question/27177850
#SPJ4
The mechanism by which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme that catalyzes an earlier step in the pathway is most precisely described as?.
Answer:
Feedback Inhibition
Explanation:
Yes, this mechanism being one of importants for the regulatory mechanism in our cells. They use non competetive inhibitors. Example: Synthesis of amino acids, etc.
In what way is symbiosis a simpler or easier explanation for the origin of eukaryotic organelles than a gradual darwinian explanation?
The symbiotc theory explains that some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbe .
Why symbiosis is necessary in evolution?
In nature, symbiosis—the close association of two or more organisms—occurs frequently. Symbiotic interactions impact the physiology of the interacting partners, affect their ecological dynamics and evolutionary processes, and eventually change the distribution of species over the world.
The endosymbiotic theory explains that some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes. Mitochondria and Chloroplast are the same size as prokaryotic cells and divide by binary fission. Mitochondria and Chloroplast have their own DNA which is circular not linear.
To learn more about Symbiosis refer https://brainly.com/question/26838647
#SPJ4
A tree species that is perfectly happy growing very slowly is not also likely to do what?
A tree species that is perfectly happy growing very slowly is not also likely to reach a gap in the forest canopy quickly before other species occupy it.
Since it is growing very slowly, it has a tendency to live for a longer time period. And it also has a low maximum growth rate.Climax community refers to an ecological setting where plant or animal populations are stable and coexist in harmony with one another and their surroundings. The last stage of succession is a climax community, which lasts until it is destroyed by an occurrence like a fire or human intervention. Since it is a very slow growing plant, it has the chances of being a member of the climax community. It's growth will be relatively slower as compared to the other surrounding species. Hence, it can also grow and establish underneath the members of its same species which could be at different growth stages.Therefore, due to its extremely slow growth rate, the tree species is not also likely to reach a gap in the forest canopy quickly before other species occupy it.
Learn more about the stages of ecological succession here:
https://brainly.com/question/13556633
#SPJ4
Which of the following is NOT a stimulus that a living thing might sense and respond to?
A. Hunger
B. Sound
C. DNA
D. Light
Answer:
C. DNA
THATS THE ANSWER PO
Question 2 (2 points)
Identify the input (reactants) and outputs (products) of cellular respiration:
Column A
2
3.
5.
6.
7.
-
-
-
-
ATP
carbon dioxide
chlorophyll
glucose
light energy (sunlight)
methane
oxygen
water
Column B
a output of cellular respiration
b.
not a part of the reaction
C input of cellular respiration
Answer:
carbon dioxide: PRODUCT
chlorophyll: REACTANTS
glucose: PRODUCT
light energy: REACTANTS
methane: PRODUCT
oxygen: PRODUCT
water: REACTANTS
All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function. This property is called polarity. True or false?.
Answer:
This statement is true.
Explanation:
There are several epithelial tissues in the human body. They make up the majority of the tissue in the body. Safeguarding, secretion, ingestion, excretion, purification, transport, and sensory reception are just a few of the many tasks they carry out.
In epithelial tissue, there is relatively little intercellular matrix and the cells are closely packed together.
Each epithelium has two surfaces: one would be revealed to the outside environment, which may include liquids like those found in the circulatory as well as urinary systems, also gases such as in the respiratory system, or semisolids like those found in the digestive system. Other surface rests on the basal lamina, a structural layer.
The broad protection provided by epithelia that surround or line surfaces against diseases, physical harm, and poisons.
You can learn more at:
https://brainly.com/question/28579049
#SPJ4
If the force of gravity and the force of fusion within a star are equal, what might that mean about the star’s life and mass?
Explanation:
Once the fusion reactions begin, the stars exert outward pressure. As long as the inward force of gravity and the outward force generated by the fusion reactions are equal, the star remains stable.
In a stable star, the gas pressure pushing out from the centre is equal to the gravity pulling atoms inward to the centre – when these forces are equal, the star is at equilibrium.
When the force of gravity and the force of fusion in a star are equal to each other, then the life of the star increases and mass of the star is maintained.
What happens to a star when the force of fusion is equal to the force of gravity?When the inward force of gravity and the fusion reactions are equal to each other, the star remains in stable condition. There is direct relationship between force of gravity and fusion reaction. When the force of gravity compresses the core of a star, the temperature increases to a higher limit. At last, the temperature is high enough that the star initiates fusion reaction in which fusing hydrogen into helium occur. When the outward pressure that is produced by fusion energy, it balances gravity which results in the formation of a stable star.
So we can conclude that If the force of gravity and the force of fusion within a star are equal to each other, the star’s life increases and mass of the star is maintained.
Learn more about gravity here: https://brainly.com/question/557206
#SPJ1
Out of the four measuring instruments (micropipette, serological pipette, transfer pipette, and eyedropper), which do you expect to be the most accurate? why?
Serological pipettes are more accurate as the smallest increment.
What is the difference between serological pipettes and micropipette?Pipettes and micropipette are invaluable pieces of laboratory equipment used to draw up , measures and deliver accurate volume of liquid. The difference between the two is that micropipette measures between 1 and 100μl , while pipettes generally start at 1 mili liter.
Serological pipettes ,each has clear ascending and descending graduation marked on the side. This accurate measurement when dispensing or aspirating.
To learn more about pipettes refer
https://brainly.com/question/4522590
#SPJ4
