Answer:
Climate change impacts where species live and how they interact, also including the timing of biological events. Climate change can immense the capacity of ecosystems to extreme events and disturbance, such as wildfires, floods, and droughts.
Explanation:
which feature of a membrane describes wether molecules can cross the membrane
Answer:
Permeability
Explanation:
Membranes are semi-permeable that only certain things can come cross on its own. This feature of permeability describes whether molecules can cross the membrane
Different protists use cilia, _______, or pseudopodia to move.
Answer:
Different protists use cilia, flagella , or pseudopodia to move.
You have isolated a new mutation in the T4 bacteriophage rII A gene and you map its location within the gene by recombination frequency. You find that this new mutation fails to give wild type recombinants with several different adjacent mutations located in the same gene. What type of mutation is this new one you just isolated
Answer:
A lethal mutation, thereby the resulting phenotype is not observed .
Explanation:
Lethal mutations are the result of genomic changes that may be lethal in certain conditions. In genetic research, this type of mutation has shown to be very useful in analyzing gene function (i.e., genes whose protein products are key for the survival of the organism in question), and they are perfect gene markers. In bacteriophages, for example, temperature-sensitive mutants of phage T4 that can not grow at temperatures higher 42°C have been identified (Edgar & Lielausis 1964).
Citation:
R. S. Edgar, & I. Lielausis (1964). Temperature-sensitive mutants of bacteriophage T4D: their isolation and genetic characterization. Genetics, 49(4), 649.
what is is a specific version of a gene on a homologous chromosome that has a corresponding version of a similar gene on a homologous chromosome. For example, hair color gene (ie. red from mom) will be on one homologous chromosome and a possibly different version of hair color gene (ie. black from dad) will be on the other corresponding homologous chromosome.
Answer:
This statement is partially true.
Explanation:
There are many phenotypic features that display a quantitative mode of inheritance and exhibit a continuous range of variation. Hair color is controlled by different genes that work together to express this trait. In consequence, this trait has a polygenic mode of inheritance, where a particular phenotype depends on both additive and dominance genetic effects. The most important gene associated with the hair color is Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R), which is involved in the biosynthesis pathway that controls the synthesis of melanin.
. What was Sharon’s experience with the experimental drug?
a) she suffered severe side effects b) she had few side effects c) it made her very sick
Answer:
imagine being on brainly
Explanation:
A cohort of 3000 individuals was chosen to be part of a study on the potential relationship between being infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and liver disease. 800 of the cohort members acquire an HCV infection and out of those infected persons 640 develop liver disease. 200 of the remaining cohort members also develop liver disease.
A. What is the relative risk of developing liver disease based on exposure to HCV?
B. What is the odds ratio for developing liver disease based on exposure to HCV?
Answer:
Relative risk = percentage of disease after exposition/percentage of disease without exposition
= (800/3000) / (200/3000)
= 26,66 % / 6,66 % = 400 %
Odds ratio = odds of disease after exposition/odds of disease without exposition
= (800/3000) / (200/3000)
= 0.2666 / 0.0666 = 4
Explanation:
The relative risk estimates the probable outcome in the exposed group in regard to the expected outcome in the non-exposed group. A relative risk of 400 % is indicative of 4 times the average risk. On the other hand, the odds ratio estimates the association between the exposure and the outcome for a particular disease.
Both the relative risk and the odds ratio are estimated in a very similar mode, however, the first is calculated as percentages.
Which of these statements are accurate? Hexokinase is a type of transferase that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP to a hexose. Hexokinase transfers the terminal phosphate of ATP to carbon 3 of glucose. The conformational shift that occurs when glucose, but not water, enters the active site prevents water from hydrolyzing ATP. Hexokinase consists of two domains, or lobes, that come together when glucose and the MgATP2–MgATP2– complex are bound. Most kinases require the presence of a monovalent metal ion cofactor to prevent ATP hydrolysis. Hexokinase is found in the mitochondrial membrane.
Answer:
A. The conformational shift that occurs when glucose, but not water, enters the active site prevents water from hydrolyzing ATP. True
B. Hexokinase consists of two domains, or lobes, that come together when glucose and the MgATP2–MgATP2– complex are bound. True
C. Hexokinase is a type of transferase that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP to a hexose. True
Explanation:
A. Hexokinase suffers and conformational changes by binding glucose in a reaction that prevents ATP hydrolysis.
B. Hexokinase is an enzyme with two domains that function by binding to the substrate (i.e., glucose). The region linking both protein domains is responsible for the catalytic activity.
C. Hexokinase is a type of transferase that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP to a hexose. During the first stage of glycolysis, the hexokinase transfers one phosphorous group from magnesium-ATP (Mg-ATP) to one hexose molecule, such as fructose, mannose or glucose.
False statements:
- Most kinases require the presence of a monovalent metal ion cofactor to prevent ATP hydrolysis. False: In canonical kinases, conserved amino acids bind to divalent metal ions before the transference of the phosphate group to their substrates.
- Hexokinase is found in the mitochondrial membrane. False: Hexokinase is found in the cytosol.
- Hexokinase transfers the terminal phosphate of ATP to carbon 3 of glucose. False: Hexokinase catalyzes the transfer of the terminal phosphate ATP to form glucose 6-phosphate.
Identify the structure represented in the picture . Then, identify the parts labeled A—D.
Given structure is that of a virus, which includes the viral capsid, nucleic acid, etc.
A= spike
B= Envelop
C= Nucleic acid
D= Capsid
What are Viruses?Small infectious agents known as viruses can multiply only in the living cells of other animals. They are composed of genetic material, which can be DNA or RNA, encased in a protein shell called a capsid. Some viruses also have a lipid-based outer coat.
Because they cannot perform metabolic functions on their own and require a host cell to reproduce, viruses are not considered living organisms. They spread infection to various living things including bacteria, plants, animals and people.
A virus replicates its genetic material and forms new viral particles when it infects a host cell using the host cell's machinery. This can lead to the death of the host cell and result in the spread of the virus to other cells of the host.
Therefore, given structure is that of a virus, which includes the viral capsid, nucleic acid, etc.
A= spike
B= Envelop
C= Nucleic acid
D= Capsid
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The genetics of a-thalassemia are similar to narrow sense heritability in that there is a gradation of phenotype, with each allele seeming to contribute equally to the trait. However, there are also differences from narrow sense heritability. In particular, as you can see from your answers above, it is difficult to predict offspring phenotype based only on parental phenotype. What two aspects of HBA1 and HBA2 combine to offset what would otherwise appear to be narrow sense heritability of a-thalassemia?
Answer:
In strict mode, the narrow-sense heritability is the proportion of the additive genetic variance that contributes to the total of the phenotypic variance. This value can be associated with the inheritance of the a-thalassemia .
Explanation:
A-thalassemia is a genetic disorder caused by mutations affecting four different genes that encode alpha-globin, thus affecting the hemoglobin production process and, consequently, oxygen transport. The mode of inheritance of the a-thalassemia may be associated with narrow sense heritability since the phenotype is manifested by gradation, i.e., each allele might contribute in similar mode to this genetic condition.
you have selected the following prediction to test: Previously thinned forests will have higher tree survival than adjacent forests that were not thinned. Now you need to define the key variables that you will use to test this prediction. For the following variables, sort them as independent variables, dependent variables, or variables that should be controlled (held constant)1. thinning or no thinning before the fire elevation of the site 2. dominant tree species 3. tree survival rate after the fire A. Independent variableB. Dependent variable C. Controlled variable
Answer:
A. Independent variable 2. dominant tree species
B. Dependent variable 3. tree survival rate after the fire
C. Controlled variable 1. thinning or no thinning before the fire elevation of the site
Explanation:
A. An independent variable doesn't undergo changes during the experiment because it is not conditioned by other variables in the experiment. In this example, dominant tree species represent a variable that is independent of the experiment itself.
B. A dependent variable is those that you need to measure and depends on the other factors in the experiment. In this example, tree survival is dependent on the factors that affect the results (i.e. humidity in the trees, presence of resinous material in the trees that are non-combustible, etc.)
C. A controlled variable is those that we use to observe an expected outcome in the experiment and therefore it is used to compare with the test group. In this case, thinning or no thinning are used as positive and negative controls, respectively, because they enable their comparison with the test group in the experiment.
Mendel used monohybrid crosses to study the inheritance of pea plant characteristics. In one of his classic experiments, Mendel crossed a purple-flowered plant with a white-flowered plant. All of the offspring plants produced purple flowers.
1. Using the symbols P for the purple allele and p for the white allele, provide the following information:
A. What the genotypes of the Parental Generation plants?
Purple parent: White parent:
B. What is the genotype of the F1 generation?
C. Organisms with two copies of the same allele are called
D. Organisms with two different alleles are called
2. When is it necessary to perform a test cross?
3. In rabbits, brown coat (B) is dominant to white coat (b). A rabbit breeder wants to know the genotype of his best looking male brown rabbit using a test cross. He has brown females and white females available to conduct his breeding experiments.
A. What should be the coat color of the female he must use in this test cross?
B. If the test cross produces seven (7) brown rabbits and one (1) white rabbit, what is the genotype of the brown male rabbit?
4. How is Mendel's Law of Independent related to the events of Meiosis?
5. In your own words, state the Law of Segregation
There are other patterns of inheritance that require explanations beyond the predictions of Mendel's Law of Dominance and Segregation. These patterns are known in biology as non-Mendelian inheritance and include:______.
A. Incomplete dominance
B. Codominance
C. Multiple Alleles
D. Pleiotropy (explained in the first assigned video)
E. X-linked inheritance
F. Epistasis
6. Write in the space provided the type of non-Mendelian inheritance from the list above that matches the descriptions or the examples listed below:
1. When a gene has more than two allele variants.(Example)
2. When a single gene or allele controls the expression of 2 or more traits.
3. When offspring show a blended phenotype, a physical appearance intermediate to the phenotype of both parents
4. When an allele is carried in the X chromosome.
Answer:
Explanation:
A. To produce all purple flowers from a cross between purple and white flowers, it means the parents genotype are dominant homozygous purple and the recessive homozygous white ( PP and pp)
B. The F1 generation will possess a phenotype of purple colour with genotype ( Pp )- heterozygous
C. Organisms with two copies of the same allele are called homozygotes
D. Organisms with two different alleles are called heterozygotes
2. When is it necessary to perform a test cross?
This test is only perform when the identity/genotype of one of the parents is unknown then a testcross is carried out.
3.A The coat color of the female he must use is white...a testcross is done with the recessive parents
B. The genotype of the male brown rabbit is Bb to produce a white rabbit.
4. The law of independent assortment amd meiosis relates in that the independent assortment law talks about independent separatíon of gens from each other and in meiosis, it takes into account the independent separation of homologous chromosomes.
5. The law of segregation of genes takes into account that an individual that is diploid possessing 2 copies of a gene/alleles on each homologous chromosome, that each of these alleles segregation or separate into each gametes, as one allele per gamete.
5. Non-Mendelian inheritance includes all listed below
6.
1. When a gene has more than two allele variants - multiple alleles
2. When a single gene or allele controls the expression of 2 or more traits - Pleitropy e.g. as in the ABO blood group
3. When offspring show a blended phenotype, a physical appearance intermediate to the phenotype of both parents: incomplete dominance
4. When an allele is carried in the X chromosome - X linked inheritance
Answer: the biological
Explanation: the biological
The
called the pleura.
are enclosed in a membrane
The
are branch-like extensions
found in the lower respiratory system.
Identify the structures labeled in the diagram to
the right
Label A
A
In the 1930s, medical journal
articles linked asbestos to cancer.
Answer:
Lungs
bronchioles
alveoli
positive impact
Explanation:
Answer:
The -lungs- are enclosed in a membrane called the pleura.
The -bronchioles- are branch-like extensions found in the lower respiratory system.
-alveoli- Label A
-positive impact- In the 1930s, medical journal articles linked asbestos to cancer.
Explanation:
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. Which of the following is a function performed by the kidneys?
How can you determine the optimum pH of an enzyme?
You can determine the optimum pH of an enzyme by graphing its pH activity and studying the results.
Enzymes each perform differently in distinct environments. Some require lower pH to function, while others achieve maximum performance at higher pH levels.
This relationship between the productivity of the enzyme and the pH can be studied and graphed. Once done, we can expect this graph to look like a parabola, increasing steadily until maxed, then gradually decreasing back to zero at the other extreme. The vertice of this parabola will give us the optimum pH for the enzyme.
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Regulation of expression of genes is important because: Group of answer choices A. some genes function in opposition to other genes. B. it is energetically wasteful to produce all possible genes. C. multicellular bacteria need specialized cell types. A and B. All of the above
Answer:
All of the above.
Explanation:
Regulation of the expression of genes refers to different processes tge cells use to increase or decrease the production of some gene content. It involve Turing gene on and off so as to ensure that appropriate genes are expressed at the right times. This allow organism to respond to changes in their environment.
What is the function of the seed coat ?
• it protects the new plant.
• it contains food.
• it performs respiration.
• it attracts animals.
Answer:
It protects the new plant.
What causes an ecosystem to move from a primary successional stage towards a relatively-stable mature ecosystem?
Answer:
The correct answer is "secondary succession, an ecological succession step where an area previously occupied by living beings is disrupted".
Explanation:
In ecological succession, an ecosystem changes and develops through a series of steps. The first step, is the primary successional stage where rocks or other sedimentary structures are colonized by microorganisms. The second step, where the ecosystems changes towards a relatively-stable mature stage, occurs when an area previously occupied by living beings is disrupted. This step is named secondary succession, and the most clear example of this phenomena occurs when wildfire clears oak and hickory forests.
Plants combine carbon dioxide and water to make what
substance?
O A. Glucose
O B. Ammonia
O C. Peptide
O D. Nitrogen
SUBMIT
Answer:
A. glucose right good brilliant
Congenital hyperinsulinism is a rare condition in which infants experience frequent episodes of hypoglycemia. Based on the functions of the two main hormones that control blood sugar homeostasis, which of the following would be effective at treating the hyperinsulinemia?
A. Glucagon
B. Glucocorticoids
C. Preventing insulin release or production
D. All of the choices are correct.
Answer:
Any treatment which involves reduction in the levels of insulin to curb excessive influx of glucose into the cells from the blood will be an ideal treatments.
Glucagon, which converts excess glucose to glycogen. Glucocorticoids induces insulin resistance thus raises glucose levels.
suppressing insulin release will be another option.
Therefore all options are correct.
Explanation:
Amanda hates her new student ID photo. Her hair looks dry, the extra weight she's gained shows, and her neck looks fat. Amanda's also been feeling very tired and mentally dull. Amanda goes to the clinic where you are working. You draw her blood. The test results show her T4 levels are low and her TSH levels are low. Later she is given a TSH stimulation test in which TSH is injected and the T4 levels are monitored. After TSH injection her 14 levels rise. A) Does Amanda have problems with her pituitary or with her thyroid gland? B) How did you come to your conclusion?
Answer:
A) Pituitary Gland B)By analysing the given observations in the question.
Explanation:
THS, thyroid stimulating hormone, is an hormone produced by the pituitary gland and in return it stimulates the thyroid gland that produces hormones such as T3 and T4.
We can conclude from the given information that Amanda's thyroid gland does not have a problem with producing and secreting the T3 and T4 hormones when THS is present in her body.
But the low THS levels show that the problem is with her pituitary gland causing her to have low levels of THS.
We can reach this decision by analysing the given information.
I hope this answer helps.
Why is the Copernicus Revolution significant? Check all that apply
Answer:
Yes. If you're trying to solve a multiple choice question, you'll need to put in the answer choices, but here is what i think.
Explanation:
The Copernican Revolution gives us an important framework for understanding the Universe. The Universe and everything in it can be understood and predicted using a set of basic physical laws. The entire Universe obeys the same physical laws everywhere (and at all times).
You have decided to examine the dynamic properties of a flagellum. After having isolated flagella from sea urchin sperms, you placed them into an aqueous buffer with a pH of 7.0. Very rapidly, however, you observed that the movement of the isolated flagella stopped. Which hypothesis are you likely to propose to explain that result?
Answer:
Osmosis
Explanation:
In this case, osmosis has occurred, and that is why the movement of the flagellum stops.
It should be understood that osmosis is the movement of substances from the region of lower concentration to the region of lower concentration through a semi- permeable membrane.
In the lab, metabolic poisons can be used to study ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption. Many of these poisons have – or have had – other uses, from diet aids to animal poisons to antibiotics. Poison Action oligomycin binds to F0F0 and blocks the proton channel cyanide inhibits cytochrome oxidase by reacting with heme a3 trifluorocarbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone (FCCP)(FCCP) increases membrane proton permeability rotenone blocks electron transfer at NADHNADH dehydrogenase (NAD−Q(NAD−Q oxidoreductase) bongkrekic acid binds to inward‑facing site of ATP‑ADP translocase Classify the metabolic poisons as electron transport inhibitors, uncoupling agents, ATP synthase inhibitors, or transport inhibitors.
Answer:
Electron transport inhibitors: Cyanide, Rotenone
Uncoupling agents: trifluorocarbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone (FCCP)(FCCP)
ATP synthase inhibitors: Oligomycin
Transport inhibitors: Bongkrekic acid
Explanation:
Electron transport inhibitors: Cyanide, Rotenone
Cytochrome oxidase also known as complex IV in the electron transport chain, carries electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen. It is a large enzyme having 13 subunits. Subunit 1 contains two heme groups , a and a3. Electrons are tranferred from heme a to oxygen bound to heme a3. The reaction of cyanide with heme a3 blocks this process of eleron transport
.Rotenone blocks electron transfer at NADH dehydrogenase (NAD−Q(NAD−Q oxidoreductase) by preventing electron transfer from Fe-S center to ubiquinone.
Uncoupling agents: trifluorocarbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone (FCCP)(FCCP)
The transfer of electrons from NADH through the respiratory chain to molecularoxygen is coupled to proton pumping from the inner mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. This generates a proton motive force which is utilized in ATP synthesis. Trifluorocarbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone (FCCP)(FCCP) increases membrane proton permeability, causing protons to leak back into the mitochondrial matrix, thereby uncoupling the processs of ATP synthesis and proton flux.
ATP synthase inhibitors: Oligomycin
ATP synthase is the enzyme rensponsible for ATP synthesis. It has two functional domains,: F₁ and F₀. Oligomycin binds to F₀ and blocks the proton channel preventing rotation of the F₁ subuni, thus, preventing ATP synthesis from ADP.
Transport inhibitors: Bongkrekic acid
Adenine nucleotide translocase is a transport protein that transports free ADP from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix, while ATP produced from oxidative phosphorylation is transported from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytoplasm o the cell.
Bongkrekic acid inhibits Adenine nucleotide translocase, thus preventing ATP from leaving the mitochondria and starving cells of needed energy.
This skull belongs to a multituberculate non-therian mammal, Taeniolabis, from the Paleocene. It looks superficially like some rodent skulls. Given that multituberculates diverged before rodents had evolved, would their overall similarity be homologous or convergent
Answer:
Convergent evolution
Explanation:
Convergent evolution can be described or explained as a process in evolution in biology. It usually occurs when two species from unrelated lines develop the same traits or features. This is believed to have happened due to the fact that they live in similar or related habitats, and have to develop solutions to the same kind of problems.
Therefore, in this case, the type of evolution between the two organisms mentioned is convergent.
Why do rocks on the ocean floor form a pattern of magnetized stripes?
Answer: D trust me on this
Explanation:
the rocks contain iron that points in different directions depending on earths polarity
The polarity of Earth affects the iron in the rocks, which points in various ways, so rocks on the ocean floor form a pattern of magnetized stripes.
How form a pattern of magnetized stripes?The idea of paleomagnetism, according to which the arrangement of the earth's tectonic plates depends on the iron present in magma, is one of the theories explaining seafloor spreading. The positive and negatively charged ions are represented by the stripes.
The magnetic strips, also known as magnetic anomalies, are identified by white and black strip patterns. They have ions that are positively and negatively charged. As a result, the magma magnetizes with the Earth's magnetic field when it emerges from the ridges.
Therefore, the polarity of Earth affects the iron in the rocks, which points in various ways.
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what is 9 + 10??? VERY IMPORTANT
Answer:
9 + 10 = 19
the answer is = 19
Why do you find glucose in the filtrate but not formed elements of the blood (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and
platelets)?
Answer:
Formed elements of the blood are too large to fit through the filtration slits of the filtration membrane. ... Nephron tubules cannot reabsorb large proteins and cells that enter the filtrate.
Which of the following statements about cell differentiation is true?
A. Cell differentiation occurs only in adult organisms
B. Cell differentiation cannot be affected by the environment
C. Cells differentiate because the dna in each cell of an organism is different
D. Cells differentiate because different areas of the dna are activated in each cell type.
Answer:
I think is B, Cell differentiation cannot be affected by the enviroment
Which of the following describes how damaged DNA can lead to a mutation?
A. The damaged DNA stops all protein synthesis by the cell.
B. An error occurs when the damaged DNA is repaired.
C. The segment of DNA that is damaged is transcribed into RNA.
D. The nucleotide sequence of the damaged DNA is restored
perfectly
Answer:
B.an error occurs when the damaged DNA is repairex
Explanation:
the best answer is B
The damaged DNA can lead to a mutation represent that option b. An error occurs when the damaged DNA is repaired.
Reason for damaged DNA?In the case when the DNA is damaged so it should be replicated that shows an incorrect base which should be inserted opposite the site of the damaged base in the strand i.e. complementary.
Due to this, it should become the mutation at the coming replication round.
Moreover, the double-strand DNA split might be repaired.
Hence, the option b is correct.
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The table below compares three galaxies the information about galaxies is correct in
Answer:
A. Column 1
Explanation:
The information in column 1 is correct for all galaxy but information in coulmn 2 and Column 3 has some incorrect information about Elliptical galaxy.
Information about spiral galaxy is correct in all three columns that spiral galaxy has pinwheel shape and made up of several stars, dust and gas particles hold together by gravitational force.
Elliptical galaxy has round or oval shape and made up of mostly old stars and do not have much gas and dust particles which are hold together by gravitation force and not by electrical force.
Irregular galaxy has no defined shape as of spiral and elliptical and are made up of large amount of gas and dust and forms new stars which allow them to look brighter.
Hence, information in coulmn 1 is correct for all the galaxy.
Answer:
Column 1
Explanation:
