The mass number of atoms is calculated by adding the number of neutrons and protons.
The smallest piece of stuff that makes up an element is an atom. It consists of a nucleus with protons and neutrons and orbitals with a specific number of electrons surrounding it. One can identify and distinguish an element's atom from the others by knowing the nuclear makeup of a certain atom. In actuality, the periodic table was created expressly to organize the elements in terms of their atomic and mass numbers and nuclear compositions.
According to the periodic chart, an atom's nuclear composition is closely related to its atomic and mass number. The number of protons in the nucleus or the number of electrons around an atom determines its atomic number for neutral atoms. The amount of components inside the nucleus affects the mass number, meanwhile. The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is used to calculate it. As an illustration, the mass number of the element helium is 4, as its atom has two protons and two neutrons in its nucleus.
Therefore, the correct option is (d).
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Calculate the radius of a palladium atom in nano-meters, given that pd has an fcc crystal structure, a density of 12.0 g/cm3 , and an atomic weight of 106.4 g/mol.
The radius of pd atom will be 137.158 pm
Density of unit cell is given as 12.0 g/cm3
Molar Mass is 106.4 g/mol
We know that
The radius will be calculated by density formula since Pd crystallises in FCC structure , the number of cell per unit cell is 4 and the molar mass is given as 106.4g/mol so the edge length will be calculated as follows
Density= Z× M/ Na × a3
where,
Z= No of atoms per unt cell
M= Molar mass
Na= Avogadro's number
a= edge length
12.0= 4× 106.4/ 6.023× 10²³ × a3
a³= 425.6/ 6.023× 10²³ × 12
a³= 5.88×10-²³
a= 3.88× 10^-8
r= √2a/4
r= √2 × 388pm/4
r=137.158pm
r=0.137 nm
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The pd atom will have a radius of 137.158 pm. It is provided that Pd crystallizes in an FCC structure, the radius will be computed using the density formula, there are 4 cells per unit cell, and the molar mass is given as 106.4g/mol, the edge length will be determined as follows:
The unit cell's density is 12.0 g/cm3.
106.4 g/mol is the molar mass.
We know that ,
density = ZM/ Na× a³
where,
Z=Atoms in each unit cell
Molar mass
Avogadro's number is Na.
a = edge length
12.0= 4× 106.4/ 6.023× 10²³ × a³
a³= 425.6/ 6.023× 10²³ × 12
a³= 5.88×10⁻²³
a= 3.88× 10⁻⁸
r= √2a/4
r= √2 × 388pm/4
r=137.158pm
r=0.137 nm
So, the radius of the pd atom will be 0.137nm
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What is the net force and direction of the block?
Answer:
We know that the forces are added if they are in the same direction and they are subtracted if they are in opposite directions. So, the net force = 10 N (North) + 10 N (North) = 20 N (North) and 8 N (West) - 8 N (East) = 0. Therefore the net force on the block is 20 N in the North direction
Atoms of which two elements have a combined total of 16 protons?
Atoms of sulfur two elements have a combined total of 16 proton.
Briefing :A chemical element is sulfur. Each sulfur atom has 16 protons in its nucleus, as indicated by its atomic number of 16 and official symbol, S. The number of protons, positively charged nuclear particles, is represented by the atomic number Z. But Z determines an element's identity. If Z=1, the element is hydrogen; if Z=2, the element is helium; and if Z=16, the element is neon.
What is the element sulfur used for?In addition to being a fungicide and an ingredient in black gunpowder, sulfur is used to vulcanize black rubber. However, the majority of sulfur is utilized in the creation of sulfuric acid, which is arguably the most significant chemical produced by western civilisations.
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After extraction of the benzoic acid into the aqueous solution as its anionic salt, the ether solution was then washed with water two further times. What do you think was the purpose of these two wash steps?.
After extracting benzoic acid as its anionic salt into the aqueous solution, two more washes were carried out to get rid of any unreacted inorganic elements that were still present in the ether solution (due to the added separating reagent).
NaOH must be added to a mixture in order to extract benzoic acid; any additional NaOH must then be removed in order to proceed. Additionally, the solution is rinsed with water two or three times to remove any extra NaOH.
Washing is done to lessen the amount of residue and other pollutants in the layers. Because ether is non-polar and water is polar, polar contaminants, such as the residual anionic salt of benzoic acid, tend to migrate to the water during washing, giving you a purer organic layer.
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How many water molecules in 25.3 g of solid ice (report in moles)(the density of water here is 0.920 g/cm3and the molar mass is 18.0 g/mol)?
moles of solid ice is = mass/ molar mass
M= 25.3/18
M = 1.405
no of molecules is = moles ×6.022×[tex]10^{23}[/tex]
= 1.405 × 6.022×[tex]10^{23}[/tex]
= 8.464×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules.
What are molecules?The term "molecule" refers to a collection of two or more atoms bound together by the attractive forces known as chemical bonds . Molecular is frequently used to refer to polyatomic ions in quantum physics, organic chemistry, and biochemistry, where the distinction from ions is eliminated.
In general, molecules are not thought of as being made up of a single molecule when atoms and complexes are joined by non-covalent interactions like hydrogen bonds or ionic bonds.
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Complete the following statement with a single word: percent error is a quantitative measure of the _________ of a measurement or result.
Complete the following statement with a single word: percent error is a quantitative measure of the inaccuracy of a measurement or result.
The percent error is an error between an observed value and the true value of a measurement.
Percent Error = (Actual Value - Estimated Value / Actual Value) × 100%
Accuracy is the closeness of a measurement to the true value. Accuracy is the basic of analytical chemistry.
There are three types of error in chemistry: gross errors, random errors and systematic errors.
Percent error indicates value of an error during the experiment.
Percent error shows how unavoidable errors affect the experimental results.
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What is the molar concentration of sodium ion in a 200.0 ml solution prepared from 1.223 g of sodium phosphate (na3po4, 163.9 g/mol), which is a cleaning agent, food additive, and stain remover?
The molar concentration of sodium ion in a 200.0 ml solution prepared from 1.223 g of sodium phosphate (na3po4, 163.9 g/mol) is 0.0373 M
What is molar concentration?
The term "molar concentration" refers to the amount of a substance in a solution represented as a percentage of its volume. It is also used to refer to molarity, quantity concentration, or substance concentration.The number of moles per litre, denoted by the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm3 in SI units, is the most often used unit denoting molarity in chemistry. One mol/L of a solution's concentration is referred to as one molar, or 1 M.
Volume of given solution = 200 ml = 0.2 l
Molecular weight of sodium phosphate = 163.9g
Amount required to make the solution = 1.223g
Thus, no of moles of sodium phosphate = 1.223/163.9 moles = 7.46*10^(-3) moles
Thus molar concentration = molarity = 7.46*10^(-3) moles/0.2 = 0.0373 M
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Which is the correct order of orbital filling according to the aufbau principle?a 4s 4p 4d 4f b 4p 4d 5s 4f c 4s 3d 4p 5s d 4d 4f 5s 5p
The correct order of orbital filling according to Aufbau principle is
(a) 4s 4p 4d
According to the Aufbau principle, electrons must occupy all of an atom's accessible orbitals, working their way up from the lowest energy level to the highest, to ensure that both the electrons and the atom have the least amount of energy possible and are stable.
As a result, electrons begin to occupy orbits in increasing order of "n" value, starting with the first orbit (n = 1).
If any orbital's primary quantum number is "n,"
n2 is the number of orbitals, and 2n2 is the number of electrons in any n-shell.
The orbital's's' sub-orbital count is 1′. P is three, while D is five.
There can be a total of two electrons in each orbital 0f an atom
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The correct order to fill the orbitals according to the Aufbau's principle is:
(a) 4s 4p 4d
According to the Aufbau principle, electrons occupy all accessible orbitals of an atom, rising from the lowest energy level to the highest energy level so that both the electron and the atom are at the lowest possible energy and are stable you need to make sure that
As a result, electrons start occupying orbitals in order of increasing "n" value, starting with the first orbital (n=1).
If the first quantum number of the orbital is "n",
n2 is the number of orbitals and 2n2 is the number of electrons in each n shell.
The number of s orbitals in the orbital is 1'. P is 3 and D is 5. There can be a total of two electrons in each orbital of an atom.
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Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig were trying to solve the problem of seeing atoms directly. List the criteria and constraints of the problem they were trying to solve.
Heinrich Rocher and Gerd Binning were trying to solve the problem of seeing atoms directly. The criteria and constraints of the problem they were trying to solve are given below :
The scanning tunneling microscope is the method used to see the atoms, was developed by Heinrich Rocher and Gerd Binning.
Criteria : Criteria is defined as the requirements we need to solve the problem. The standard needed to create successful solution. Criteria is specific outcome for a problem.
STM should be of metal.
STM works on the top of tip.
It works by scanning sharp metal. Bringing the tip very close to surface.
Applying electric voltage to tip .
Constraints: constraints is defined as the limits based on resources and environment. It has the conditions the problem must satisfy.
Does not require other than sharp tip.
It is limited by wavelength of light.
Thus, Heinrich Rocher and Gerd Binning were trying to solve the problem of seeing atoms directly. The criteria and constraints of the problem they were trying to solve are discussed above.
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The __________ lobe contains the area of the cortex involved in auditory processing called the primary __________ cortex. a. parietal . . . auditory b. temporal . . . motor c. occipital . . . motor d. temporal . . . auditory please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
The temporal lobe contains the area of the cortex involved in auditory processing called the primary auditory cortex.
what is the auditory cortex?
The part of the temporal lobe that processes auditory information in humans and many other mammals is called the auditory cortex. It is a component of the auditory system and performs both fundamental and advanced hearing processes, including those that may be related to language switching. In humans, it curves down and onto the medial surface, on the superior temporal plane, within the lateral sulcus, and includes portions of the transverse and superior temporal gyri, including the planum polare and planum temporale. It is situated bilaterally, roughly at the upper sides of the temporal lobes (roughly Brodmann areas 41 and 42, and partially 22).
The primary auditory cortex, a region of the cortex involved in auditory processing, is located in the temporal lobe.
Thus, the correct answer is d. temporal; auditory.
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16.8 g N205
Express your answer using three significant figures.
explain it with the steps, please help me!
Answer:
0.156 grams or 3.49 liters or 9.39E22 atoms
Explanation:
assuming you want moles:
16.8 / 108 = 0.156
assuming you want liters:
0.156 x 22.4 = 3.49
assuming you want atoms:
0.156 x 6.02E23 = 9.39E22
You are holding two balloons of the same volume. One balloon contains 1. 0 g of helium. The other balloon contains neon. What is the mass of neon in the balloon?.
The mass of neon in the balloon is 5.045 grams.
m(He) = 1.0 g; mass of balloon with helium
M(He) = 4.0 g/mol; molar mass of helium
M(Ne) = 20.18 g/mol; molar mass of neon
m(Ne) = ?; mass of balloon with neon
If the balloons have the same volume, mass of the balloons depand on molar mass of gases.
m(He) / m(Ne) = M(He) / M(Ne)
1.0 g / m(Ne) = 4.0 g/mol / 20.18 g/mol
m(Ne) = 20.18 g / 4.0
m(Ne) = 5.045 g; mass of balloon with neon
Mass is a fundamental measure of the amount of matter in the object.
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The spectrum of an oxygen lamp looks different than the spectrum of a sodium lamp because?
The spectrum of an oxygen lamp looks different because each atom has a unique set of electron orbits.
In chemistry, the word spectrum shows different colors of light after passing through a piece of the prism.
It also indicates the intensity of radiations having different wavelengths and energy.
A simple spectrum looks like a rainbow displaying various colors and intensities of light such as visible light.
Similarly, when an electron jumps from a higher state to a ground state it also emits a spectrum in the form of electromagnetic radiation.
Fluorescence and absorption are examples of the spectrum.
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How does an increase in the temperature of a chemical reaction affect the reaction rate? the reaction rate decreases. the reaction rate increases. the reaction rate does not change.
The reaction rate increases with increase in Temperature.
The average velocity of the particles increases as the temperature rises. These particles' average kinetic energy is likewise raised. As a result, because the particles move faster and encounter more reactant particles, they will collide more frequently. However, this is only a small portion of the rationale for the rate hike. Just because particles collide more frequently is not guarantee that the reaction will occur.
The main impact of increasing the temperature is that more of the particles that collide will have the necessary energy to collide effectively. In other words, more particles will have the activation energy required.
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Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 61.3 grams of c2h6o in 3.4 l solution.
The molarity of a solution containing 61.3 grams of C₂H₆O in 3.4 l solution is 0.39M.
The molarity of a solution is the quantity of solute in moles per liter of solution. Molarity is represented by a capital M. A solution is a combination of two or more compounds in chemistry in which neither substance undergoes chemical change.
Molarity = given mass / molecular weight × volume of solution (in L)
Molarity = 61.3 / 46.07 × 3.4
Molarity = 61.3 / 156.63 = 0.39M
Therefore, the molarity of a solution containing 61.3 grams of C₂H₆O in 3.4 l solution is 0.39M.
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A website will be most accessible if all of its content can be accessed with:
A. a mouse.
B. no headers.
C.a tab key.
D..a touch screen.
Answer:a mouse
Explanation:
Answer: a mouse
Explanation:
How does a winnowing basket work
Answer:
The farmer places the wheat in the winnowing basket after flailing the grain. The threshing barn doors are opened on windy days. The farmer throws the grain into the air using the winnowing basket, where the wind removes the chaff.
Explanation:
160 cm³ of ethyl alcohol has a mass of 126.4 grams. What is the density of this alcohol?
1.27 g/cm³
1.8 g/cm³
1.0 g/cm³
0.79 g/cm³
Answer: 1.27 g/cm3
Explanation:
160cm3/126.4 grams
Determine the mass of oxygen gas obtained from the decomposition of 7.5 g of hydrogen peroxide according to the equation: 2 H2O2 --> 2 H2O + O2
The mass of oxygen gas obtained from the decomposition of 7.5 g of hydrogen peroxide is 32 grams.
What is mass?Mass is the quantity of matter in a physical body.
The equation is
2 H₂O₂ --> 2 H₂O + O₂
H₂O₂ = 2 x 1 + 2 x 16 = 34
mol = m /Mr = 68 / 34 = 2 moles
We must compare the moles of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen gas. According to the corrected equation, this mole ratio is as shown below:
The ratio of moles are
2 : 1
moles = 2/2 = 1 moles
Moles into mass = 32
mol x mr 1 x 32 = 32 grams
Thus, the mass of oxygen gas is 32 grams.
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A student obsevers a substance that is highly refletive and able to conduct electricty. The subtance also has a high meltiling point. Which is most likely classification for this subtance
The substance is classified as metal as it is highly reflective, conducts electricity and has a high melting point.
Elements with distinctive chemical and physical characteristics are referred to as metals.
A metal is a substance that has a shiny look when freshly processed, polished, or shattered, and conducts heat and electricity rather effectively. Generally speaking, metals are malleable, ductile, and opaque. These characteristics are the outcome of the metallic link that exists between the metal's atoms or molecules.
Metals make up around 75 percent of all chemical elements that are currently understood. Compared to other elements, metals are denser.
Ferrous metals, which include iron, and non-ferrous metals, which do not, are the two basic categories into which metals may be separated.
Metals are excellent building materials. Strength, hardness, and rigidity are just a few of the qualities that metals possess. Metals may be heated and formed into anything, from a little paperclip to an enormous airplane. They are important for electrics and frying pans since they are strong conductors of heat and electricity.
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The pressure of a gas is 0.975 atm when its volume is 400 ml. calculate the pressure if the gas is allowed to expand to 600 ml at constant temperature.
The final pressure is 0.65 atm is allowed to expand the gas. Boyle's law, an experimental gas law, states that as a container's capacity rises, a gas's pressure tends to drop.
1) A current formulation of Boyle's law is:
If the temperature and amount of gas remain constant in a closed system, the absolute pressure exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies.
2) Boyle's law can be expressed mathematically as follows:
P ∝ 1/V
or
PV = k
Acc to the Boyle's law ,
P1V1 = P2V2
The initial pressure = 0.975 atm
The initial volume = 400 ml
When the gas is allowed to expand ,
The final Volume = 600 ml
We need to find the Final pressure by using the above formulae and substitute the values in the formulae.
0.975× 400 = P2 ×600 ml
The final pressure = 0.975× 400/600
= 0.65 atm
The final pressure of the gas is 0.65 atm provided that the temperature is constant by using the Boyle's law.
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Analyze the structure of 4‑sec‑butyl-5-ethyl-3-methyloctane. Identify the number of ethyl and methyl groups in the compound. Note that these groups are not necessarily confined to those specifically mentioned in the name.
One methyl group and one ethyl group.
What is a compound?
A compound can be obtained by a combination of atoms. We know that an organic compound would have a parent chain which is the longest straight chain of carbon atoms. There are normally side chains that could be attached to the longest chain.
We can see the compound that we are analyzing to be 4‑sec‑butyl-5-ethyl-3-methyloctane. The image of the compound is found in the image attached to this answer.
We can see that there is one methyl group and one ethyl group.
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Explain the effect that increasing the nacl concentration have on osmotic pressure.
Increasing the NaCl concentration will increase the osmotic pressure.
Osmotic pressure, alongside the vapor pressure depression, freezing point depression and the boiling point elevation are the colligative properties od solution.
The direction of osmotic pressure is always from the side with the lower concentration of solute to the side with the higher concentration.
π = c(NaCl) × T(NaCL) × R
π is osmotic pressure
c is concentration of solution.
T is temperature in Kelvins.
R is universal gas constant.
Greater the concentration of sodium chloride, the greater is the osmotic pressure, because the osmotic pressure and the concentratio are in direct proportion.
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Which would you expect to be the stronger nucleophile in a polar aprotic solvent?
In a polar aprotic solvent:
(a) [tex]CH_{3} O^{-}[/tex] is a better nucleophile than [tex]CH_{3} CO_{2} ^{-}[/tex]
(b) [tex]H_{2} O[/tex] is a better nucleophile than [tex]H_{2} S[/tex]
(c) [tex](CH_{3} )_{3} N[/tex] is a better nucleophile than [tex](CH_{3} )_{3} P[/tex].
The nucleophiles have more mobility in solution because polar aprotic solvents do not significantly hydrogen bind to them. In these circumstances, nucleophilicity and basicity have a strong correlation.
(a) The negative charge in [tex]CH_{3} CO_{2} ^{-}[/tex] is in resonance with carboxylic group so [tex]CH_{3} O^{-}[/tex] is a better nucleophile than [tex]CH_{3} CO_{2} ^{-}[/tex].
The strength of a nucleophile grows along the periodic table in polar protic liquids. On the other hand, the strength diminishes down the periodic table in polar aprotic solvents.
(b) Sulphur atom is placed below Oxygen atom in periodic table as elements are placed on the basis of their atomic number in the periodic table so [tex]H_{2} O[/tex] is a better nucleophile than [tex]H_{2} S[/tex].
(c) Phosphorus atom is placed below Nitrogen atom in periodic table as elements are placed on the basis of their atomic number in the periodic table so [tex](CH_{3} )_{3} N[/tex] is a better nucleophile than [tex](CH_{3} )_{3} P[/tex].
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What is the density of a substance with a mass of 45. 00 g and a volume of 26. 4 ml?.
1.70 g/mL is the density of a substance with a mass of 45. 00 g and a volume of 26. 4 ml.
What is density ?Mass per unit of volume is referred to as density. Although the Latin letter D can also be used, the symbol for density is most frequently written as (the lower case Greek letter rho). Mass divided by volume is the mathematical definition of density: where is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume. Density is sometimes loosely defined as a substance's weight per unit volume, while this is incorrect scientifically; the term "specific weight" is more appropriate. An example of this is in the oil and gas business in the United States.
The density and mass concentration of a pure substance are numerically equivalent. Density can affect buoyancy, purity, and packing. Varied materials typically have different densities.
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O
6
The symbols of two atoms may be written as shown.
53X 52Y
Which statement about these atoms is correct?
A They are different elements because they have different numbers of neutrons.
They are different elements because they have different numbers of protons.
B
C
They are isotopes of the same element because they have the same nucleon number.
D They are isotopes of the same element because they have the same proton number.
41 Chapter
The only correct statement about the elements is that they are isotopes of the same element because they have the same proton number.
What are isotopes?Isotopes are two atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different mass number. The fact that they both have the same atomic number tells us that they are atoms of the same element. The atomic number is the identity of an element. It helps us to identify which element is which.
Now, when we have elements that differ in the mass number, what this simply means is that the number of the neutrons that are in the atoms are not the same.
Looking at the two atoms as we have seen in the question which are 53Xand 52Y, we can see that the only correct statement about the elements is that they are isotopes of the same element because they have the same proton number.
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Liquids with many free hydroxide ions (OH-) are called _________.
Answer:
hypothesis testing center of the year with 32 days
Copper has a density of 8.96 g/cm3. if a cylinder of copper weighing 20.18 g is dropped into a graduated cylinder containing 20.00 ml of water, what will be the new water level?
The new water level will be = 20 + 5.45 = 25.45 mL.
First step is to calculate the volume of the copper cylinder as follows:
density = mass / volume
volume = mass / density = 48.85 / 8.96 = 5.45 mL
Then we add the volume of the cylinder to the volume of water to get the new water level:
New water level = 20 + 5.45 = 25.45 mL
The elevation of a sea, stream, lake, or reservoir's free surface in relation to a given vertical datum is referred to as the water level, sometimes known as gauge height or stage.
To determine how much is in the tank, ultrasonic sensors use sound waves that bounce off the surface of the liquid. These liquid level sensors feature an accuracy of 0.25% of the detected range and a precision of up to 0.1 in. (2.5 mm) (current reading).
The level spot on two objects that are distant from one another, like posts or stakes in the ground, is frequently determined by the water level.
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Which is NOT an SI base unit?
Second
meter
degree Celsius
kilogram
Answer:
degree Celsius
Discuss the molar equivalents of sodium borohydride. does this make sodium borohydride the limiting reagent? why or why not. (a couple sentences are sufficient).
The sodium borohydride is a limiting agent. 1 mole of sodium borohydride contains 4 mole of hydride.
What are limiting agent?A limiting agent is define as the reactant that get consumed first in a chemical reaction and therefore limits how much product can be formed.
2NaH + B2H6 -> 2NaBH4
According to the reaction 2 mole of NaH will give 2 mole of NaBH4. NaH is a limiting agent.
The borohydride will reduce to aldehyde or ketone involves the addition of two hydrogen atom.
RCHO -> RCH2OH in presence of BH4- and H+
We can write major steps as:
4RCHO + BH4- -> (RCH2O)4B-
This is one mole of BH4- and four mole of H+
Thus, the sodium borohydride is a limiting agent. 1 mole of sodium borohydride contains 4 mole of hydride.
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