Each cell contains 46 unique chromosomes. There are 46 chromosomes in total after replication, each containing 92 distinct chromatids.
Which phase do the 92 chromatids belong to?
Prophase: The 92 sister chromatids are housed within the nuclear envelope of the cell, which starts to degrade during prophase. Only found in animal cells, the centrioles split apart and migrate to opposing ends of the cell.
How many chromatids and chromosomes are present in each meiotic stage?
The creation of four cells with two fewer chromosomes is the goal of meiosis. Chromosome number 46 is present here at the start of meiosis (diploid). The resultant cells or gametes after meiosis have 23 chromosomes (haploid).
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This illustration shows a kind of animal that is a free-living organism. What is the common name of this organism?
green, elongated structure with a flatter, long brown structure coming out of what appears to be an opening in the green portion of the structure.
An creature that demonstrates the type of animal that is a free-living organism is the Planarian, a kind of flatworm.
The flatworms, also known as Platyhelminthes, are a phylum of soft-bodied, bilaterian, very simple invertebrates. They are acoelomates (have no body cavity), unlike other bilaterians, and lack specific circulatory and respiratory organs, which forces them to adopt flattened forms that permit oxygen and nutrients to diffuse through their bodies. Food cannot be continually processed because there is only one opening in the digestive cavity for both ingestion (the absorption of nutrients) and egestion (the elimination of unprocessed trash).
Although there are a few species of flatworms that live in the wild, the majority of flatworms are parasitic. Turbellarians, also known as planarians are free living flatworm. They have basic body structures. Although there are various species, they all have some characteristics. Their bodies are bilaterally symmetrical, with what essentially amounts to a back, a belly, and a head on each of their left and right sides.
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in the formation of biofilms, such as those forming on unbrushed teeth, cell signaling serves which function?
In the formation of biofilms, such as those forming on unbrushed teeth, cell signaling serves aggregation of bacteria that can cause cavities.
Tooth decay, often known as cavities or caries, is the breakdown of teeth brought on by the acids produced by bacteria. The cavities could be any colour, including black, yellow, and others. Pain and problems ; are a few of the indicators. A tooth infection or abscess may develop, the surrounding tissue may swell, and the tooth itself may eventually fall out. Bacterial acid eroding the hard tissues of the tooth is what causes cavities (enamel, dentin and cementum). Acid is produced when sugar or food scraps are broken down by microbes on the surface of teeth. Since simple sugars are these bacteria's primary source of energy, a diet heavy in them raises some red signs.
The complete question is:
In the formation of biofilms, such as those forming on unbrushed teeth, cell signalling serves which function?
A) formation of mating complexes
B) digestion of unwanted parasite populations
C) aggregation of bacteria that can cause cavities
D) secretion of substances that inhibit foreign bacteria
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Stems transport water and nutrients throughout a plant. Why is an Arctic
plant unable to do this in the winter?
F. The water is frozen.
G. There is no sunlight.
H. There are too many nutrients.
L The air is too cold.
From 2004 to 2010 which genetically engineered crop had the greatest increase in acreage? Explain your reasoning.
PLSSS HELP!
Herbicides-resistant corn saw the greatest increase in acreage between 2004 to 2010 because it leaped from 20 to over 70%.
What are genetically engineered crops?Genetic Modification (GM) is a technology that involves inserting DNA into an organism's genome. New DNA is transferred into plant cells to create a GM plant. Typically, the cells are grown in tissue culture and eventually develop into plants. The new DNA will be passed down to the seeds produced by these plants.
Most existing genetically modified crops have been developed to increase yield by introducing resistance to plant diseases or increased herbicide tolerance. Herbicide-resistant corn saw the greatest increase in 2004 and 2010, increasing from 20% to more than 70%.
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hydroelectric power plants are most commonly located near group of answer choices coal-powered plants. nuclear-power plants. estuaries. artificial reservoirs.
hydroelectric power plants are most commonly located near d. artificial reservoir
Hydroelectric power plant is a power plant driven by hydraulic power of water. Hydroelectric power plants work by converting potential energy into mechanical energy and then this energy is converted into electrical energy through a generator.
Reservoir is a place on the ground surface that is used to collect or store water during the rainy season. Reservoirs function for agricultural purposes, besides that reservoir water can be used for hydroelectric power. The water in the reservoir will be converted into potential energy with the help of a water turbine into mechanical energy, then the generator will convert it into electricity. That is why hydroelectric power plants are most often located near artificial reservoirs so that they can use the water to convert it into electrical energy.
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fill in the blank. In man, two abnormal conditions, cataracts (C) in the eyes and excessive fragility (F) in the bones, seem to depend on separate dominant genes located on different chromosomes. Normal vision and normal bones are recessive traits. A man with cataracts and normal bones, whose father had normal eyes, married a woman free from cataracts but with fragile bones. Her father had normal bones. _________ What is the genotype of the man with cataracts and normal bones? _________ What is the genotype of the woman with normal vision and fragile bones?
Because the gentleman has normal bones, which is a recessive trait, his genotype for such a characteristic is ff.
Recessive trait: what is it?corresponds to a trait that can only be seen in homozygous individuals; it is a trait that is often hidden by other inherited qualities but persists in populations of heterozygous individuals. It is a trait that a recessive mutation expresses.
What human qualities are recessive traits?One type of heritable changes for a trait, illness, or problem that is passed down through families is autosomal recessive characteristics. 2 cells of something like the trait or condition must be present in order for a recessive gene or disease to manifest. The gene or characteristic will be found on a completely non genome.
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An agent used to reduce the number of bacteria on a toilet seat would most accurately be called a(n): a. disinfectant b. antiseptic
c. aseptic d. sterilant
e. virucide
An agent used to reduce the number of bacteria on a toilet seat would most accurately be called a(n):b. antiseptic
Which of the following approaches to bacterial control is the most effective?Only fungi are killed by antifungals; not bacteria. To combat the microorganism that has to be controlled, a suitable antimicrobial agent must be chosen. The best method for preventing microbial development is heat sterilisation and disinfection.
High or low temperatures, desiccation, osmotic pressure, radiation, and filtration are examples of physical agents. Disinfectants, antiseptics, antibiotics, and chemotherapeutic antimicrobial compounds are examples of chemical agents used for control.
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jessica recently that she is pregnant. she knows that fertilization normally takes place in the oviduct. which structure functions in this manner?
jessica recently that she is pregnant. she knows that fertilization normally takes place in the oviduct. The structure function of Fallopian tube manner in this.
Between the ovaries and the uterus in the female pelvis lie the fallopian tubes, which are bilateral conduits. They serve as conduits for the movement and fertilisation of oocytes. Due to their function, the fallopian tubes are frequently the cause of infertility and are also the object of intentional surgical sterilisation.
You are unable to become pregnant naturally if you have a bilateral salpingectomy, which involves removing both fallopian tubes. You can try for a pregnancy with IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) if you've had a salpingectomy. In vitro fertilisation (IVF) entails fertilising your eggs in a lab before inserting them into your uterus.
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Represented by word descriptions, such as black and short-haired: a) genotype onlyb) phenotype only c) neither phenotype and genotype d) both phenotype and genotype
Only traits, also known as phenotypes characterized by adjectives like dark and short-haired.
The set of observable qualities or characteristics of an organism is known as the phenotype in genetics. The expression of an organism's genetic code and the impact of environmental circumstances are the two fundamental factors that determine an organism's phenotype. The phenotype may be further impacted by the interaction of the two elements. A species is referred to as polymorphic if there are two or more distinct phenotypes present in the same population.
When a parent passes on a dominant allele to their child, the characteristic is known as a dominant trait and manifests in the child. Phenotypes can include characteristics like eye color, hair color, immunity or susceptibility to specific diseases, as well as physical traits like freckles and dimples on the face.
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Which represents a system that is almost completely closed? A. a pot of boiling water. B. a washing machine. C. a capped soda bottle
Answer:
C. a capped soda bottle represents a system that is almost completely closed.
Explanation:
C. A Soda bottle with the top on symbolizes an almost closed system.
In a closed system, energy can only be exchanged through heat or work and matter cannot enter or depart. A Coke bottle with the cap on is a good illustration of a closed system because, after the cap is on, no matter can enter or leave the bottle, and the pressure inside the bottle rises as the liquid's carbon dioxide cannot escape.
Steam and water vapor can escape from a partially closed saucepan of boiling water. Due to the possibility of adding or removing water and detergent during the cycle, a washing machine is never fully closed.
What are three factors that increase genetic diversity?
Mutation, recombination and gene migration are the three main factors that increase the genetic diversity.
Mutation is the sudden change in the normal gene sequence of the DNA. This occurs due to missed proofreading activity of the polymerase enzymes. Mutations can occur due to several reasons and they result in the synthesis of abnormal protein or no protein is formed at all.
Recombination is the process of exchange of the genetic material between the non-sister chromatids of two homologous chromosomes. This occurs during the process meiotic cell division. This results in the progeny having genotype different from their parents and these offspring are termed as recombinants.
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List three of the deviations from anatomical position of the figure below. 1. Person is not looking forward, face is facing on lateral side 2. Thumbs are pointing inward when they should be pointing
away from body
When a person is standing straight, looking ahead, with both arms hanging loosely at their sides and their palms facing forward, this is known as being in anatomical position or the typical anatomical position.
Supine, prone, right lateral recumbent, and left lateral recumbent are the four primary positions from an anatomical perspective. With their feet level on the ground and looking forward, the legs are parallel. Either in front or to the side (example, the kneecap is located on the anterior perspective of the leg). back, dorsal or posterior (example, the shoulder blades are located on the posterior side of the body). Toward the body's mid-line is referred to as medial (example, the middle toe is located at the medial side of the foot).
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In a population of 2500, how many babies would you expect to have cystic fibrosis, a homozygous recessive condition, if the frequency of the dominant allele is 0.9, and the population is at Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium?
a) 0.9 x 2500 = 2025
b) 2 x 0.9 x 0.1 x 2500 = 800
c) 0.9 x 0.1 x 2500 = 400
d) 0.1 x 0.1 x 2500 = 25
if the frequency of the dominant allele is 0.9, and the population is at Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium d) 0.1 x 0.1 x 2500 = 25 expected to have cystic fibrosis.
The Hardy–Weinberg principle, also known as the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, model, theorem, or law, states that in the absence of other evolutionary influences, allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation. The Hardy-Weinberg equation can be used to estimate the frequency of alleles in a population.
Based on this equation:
p = the frequency of the dominant allele (represented here by A1)
q = the frequency of the recessive allele (represented here by A2)
freq (A1)= 0.9, so freq (A2)= 0.1.
Freq (A1A2)= q^2 = (0.1)^2= 0.01.
The number of babies with cystic fibrosis= 2500(0.01)= 25.
Hence d is the correct answer.
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some hormones such as estrogen and testosterone are lipids and are therefore nonpolar. explain why a cell membrane receptor would not be needed for this type of ligand to activate a response in a cell.
Hormones such as estrogen and testosterone are lipids and are nonpolar, which means they are hydrophobic and can readily diffuse through the hydrophobic regions of the cell membrane.
Because of this property, they do not need a cell membrane receptor to activate a response in a cell. Instead, they can directly interact with intracellular receptors, such as those located in the cytoplasm or the nucleus, by passing through the cell membrane. This process is known as "passive diffusion," and it allows lipophilic molecules to cross the cell membrane without the need of a specific receptor. Cell membrane receptor would not be needed for this type of ligand to activate a response in a cell.
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Please help with all questions
The chromosomes in a cell are often grouped in pairs, from largest to smallest, in a karyotype, which is a photographic image or other depiction of the entire chromosome population.
A karyotype: what is it?
A cell's full complement of chromosomes captured during cell division and placed in a predictable order.A person's entire chromosomal set is known as their karyotype. An image of a person's chromosomes that has been created in a lab, separated from a single cell, and placed in numerical order, is also referred to by this phrase. An abnormality in chromosomal number or structure can be detected via a karyotype.The chromosomes in a cell are often grouped in pairs, from largest to smallest, in a karyotype, which is a photographic image or other depiction of the entire chromosome population.A person's entire chromosomal set is known as their karyotype. An image of a person's chromosomes that has been created in a lab, separated from a single cell, and placed in numerical order, is also referred to by this phrase.The complete question is,
How do you define a karyotype kid?
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if the same scientist extracts the dna for this gene and finds that it becomes methylated over the life of the organism, how will digestion change over time?
If the same scientist extracts the DNA for this gene and finds that it becomes methylated over the life of the organism then it will involve a lesser quantity of this enzyme over time.
Chemically, enzymes are comparable to any catalyst and neither consume materials in chemical reactions nor alter the equilibrium of a reaction. In comparison to most other catalysts, enzymes are significantly more specialized. The activity of enzymes can be affected by other substances, including activators and inhibitors. While inhibitors boost enzyme activity, activators decrease it. Numerous medications and poisons contain enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases dramatically when its optimal temperature and pH range are exceeded, and many enzymes become (permanently) denatured when exposed to high temperatures, losing their structure and catalytic properties.
The complete question is:
Use the passage to answer the question. If the same scientist extracts the DNA for this gene and finds that it becomes methylated over the life of the organism, how will digestion change over time?
A. It will occur at lower pH.
B. It will rely more on this enzyme over time.
C. It will use methylated copies of the enzyme.
D. It will involve a lesser quantity of this enzyme over time.
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Refer to the figure below. Which description of the gene pool shown is correct
a. Size of gene pool = 30
b. Frequency of X1= 0.80
c. Population size = 60
d. Frequency of X1X3 = 0.10
e. Number of genes = 2
The following description of the gene pool shown is correct that is the Frequency of X1X3 = 0.10.
All the genes (including alleles) present in a population or species that is capable of reproduction make up the gene pool. A large gene pool is more resistant to environmental pressures and has a wide spectrum of genetic variation. The gene pool's size is mutable. When organisms have mutations that are passed down to the following generation, the gene pool grows. When all of the creatures carrying a specific allele perish without procreating, the gene pool shrinks. Gene pool is computed by dividing the total number of copies of the gene by the number of times the allele occurs in the population. The gene pool of a population is made up of all the copies of each gene in that population.
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explain the relationship between the following components of a signal transduction pathway: a) ligand (first messenger) b) receptor c) second messenger
Many pathways involve second messengers, small, non-protein molecules that pass along a signal initiated by the binding of a ligand (the “first messenger”) to its receptor.
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which results in a cellular response. Proteins that detect stimuli are commonly referred to as receptors, though the term sensor is also used in some cases. The changes caused by ligand binding (or signal sensing) in a receptor initiate a biochemical cascade, which is a chain of biochemical events known as a signaling pathway. When signaling pathways interact with one another, they form networks that allow cellular responses to be coordinated, often through combinatorial signaling events.
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once a motor neuron has fired, all the muscle fibers in a muscle contract. T/F
It is false that once a motor neuron has fired, all the muscle fibers in a muscle contract.
What is motor neuron?Motor neurons are a type of brain cell that may be found in both the spinal cord and the brain. They are classified into two types: upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons. Upper motor neurons emerge from the brain and descend to link with lower motor neurons. Motor neurons are brain and spinal cord cells that allow humans to move, talk, swallow, and breathe by transmitting orders from the brain to the muscles that perform these actions. The spinal cord's motor neurons are part of the central nervous system (CNS) and link to muscles, glands, and organs throughout the body.
Here,
It is false to believe that once a motor neuron fires, all muscle fibers contract.
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Which of the following is NOT a good reason why venipuncture is a common technique for obtaining a blood sample
One reason that is not a good reason for venipuncture would be "because it causes no harm to the patient". While venipuncture can be done with minimal discomfort to the patient, it is not completely harmless as it can result in complications such as pain, bleeding, infection, or hematoma.
for a typical neuron at rest, which value would be considered a depolarization from resting potential?
The membrane resting potential is a condition where the potential difference between the cytosol and the extracellular fluid is -70 mV. At rest, the ion potential concentration is kept constant using a Na+/K+ pump.
All body cell membranes have a membrane potential that is related to the spread of Na+ and K+ ions. This membrane potential can be found in two types of cells, namely nerve cells, and muscle cells. Changes in the membrane potential are experienced by the two cells quickly.
In a resting membrane, there are charges between the outside of the membrane and the inside of the membrane. The outside of the membrane will be more positive, and the inside of the membrane will be more negative. In such circumstances, it is said that the membrane is polarized and has a resting potential (-70mV).
When the membrane is depolarized, the membrane potential moves in the direction of 0 mV towards the positive membrane potential (+30 mV). A hyperpolarized membrane has a greater negative membrane potential than when the membrane potential is ruptured or the membrane potential is depolarized. During repolarization, the membrane returns to its resting potential.
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which synergist would assist the upper-body pectoral muscles to enhance chest stabilization, strength, or power?
Answer:
The synergist that would assist the upper-body pectoral muscles to enhance chest stabilization, strength, or power is the serratus anterior muscle. This muscle is located on the side of the ribcage and helps to stabilize the shoulder blade when doing chest exercises. It also assists the pectorals in producing force and power when pushing movements. Strengthening this muscle can help to improve your chest stabilization, strength, and power.
explain how it is possible for a cell to enter and exit this non dividing phase of the cell cycle.
The G0 (G zero) phase is the stage at which a cell exits the cell cycle. Cells have the ability to enter and leave the cell cycle. When cells are at rest, they are in what is known as the G0 (G zero) phase.
They can re-enter the cell cycle in the G1 phase if they receive a signal to begin cell division.
The G0 phase is a resting phase in which the cell has exited the cycle and has ceased dividing. In multicellular eukaryotic organisms, non-dividing cells go from G1 to G0. These cells, like neurons, can remain in G0 for extended periods of time, even indefinitely.
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what is xylem? (1 point) responses tube-like structures that move food through vascular plants tube-like structures that move food through vascular plants tube-like structures that move food through nonvascular plants tube-like structures that move food through nonvascular plants tube-like structures that move water through vascular plants tube-like structures that move water through vascular plants tube-like structures that move water through nonvascular plants
Xylem is a vascular plant tissue that transports water and nutrients from the plant-soil interface to stems and leaves, as well as providing mechanical support and storage.
One of the most distinctive characteristics of vascular plants is their ability to conduct water. Water is the primary solvent for plant nutrition and metabolism, as well as being necessary for photosynthesis, turgor, and the transport of minerals, hormones, and other signaling molecules. The internal hydrophobic surface of the water-conducting xylem cells facilitates water transport as well as mechanical strength. The weight of the water transported upward in the plant, as well as the weight of the plant itself, is supported by the xylem cells. For many trees, xylem is wood, which has long been used as a raw material by humans.
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the level of biological organization studied by cell biologists is the
The level of biological organization studied by cell biologists is the Cell
Cell biology (also known as cellular biology or cytology) is the study of the structure, function, and behavior of cells. Cells are the building blocks of all living beings. A cell is the fundamental unit of life, responsible for organisms' survival and function.
Cell biology is the study of cells' structural and functional components. Cell biology includes both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and comprises several subtopics such as cell metabolism, cell communication, cell cycle, biochemistry, and cell composition. Cells are studied utilizing a variety of microscopy methods, cell culture, and cell fractionation.
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Enter a formula using arithmetic operators and parentheses in cell D11 that adds the number of participants in cells D4, D5, D6, and D7, and then multiplies that result by 12.
Following is the procedure to enter a formula using arithmetic operators and parentheses in cell D11 that adds the number of participants in cells D4, D5, D6, and D7, and then multiplies that result by 12.
How to enter the formula using arithmetic operators?Select cell D11 Type "=("Select cell D4Type (+) in cell D11Click cell D5Type (+)Click cell D6Type ")"Type (*12) in cell D11Click enter on the formula bar.This is how a formula using arithmetic operators and parentheses is entered
.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, floor division, and exponentiation are some arithmetic operators.
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one of two identical sister parts of a duplicated chromosome
Chromatid is the name for one of the two identical sister pieces of a duplicated chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division.
Our chromosomes, which contain the genetic material that defines who we are, must be copied during cell replication and sent to each of the new cells. To maintain the proper number of chromosomes in each cell, these chromosome copies, called chromatids, have a unique structure connecting the two that permits meticulous separation into new daughter cells.
One of a chromosome's two identical halves that has undergone replication in order to facilitate cell division is referred to as a chromatid. The two "sister" chromatids are joined together by the centromere, a constricted region of the chromosome. Spindle fibers connected to the centromere pull sister chromatids to opposite sides of the cell during cell division. The cell then splits into two daughter cells with identical DNA very quickly.
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in a micelle, which portion of the amphipathic molecules are oriented toward the surface of the sphere?
The hydrophobic tails of the amphipathic molecules are oriented towards the center of the micelle, while the hydrophilic heads are oriented towards the surface of the sphere.
This is because the hydrophobic tails are repelled by water and are more stable when they are away from the water environment. On the other hand, the hydrophilic heads are attracted to water and are more stable when they are in contact with it. Therefore, the amphipathic molecules self-assemble in such a way that the hydrophobic tails are "hidden" inside the micelle, while the hydrophilic heads are exposed to the water environment.
This arrangement creates a hydrophobic core inside the micelle, which is shielded from the water environment. The hydrophobic core is stabilized by the close packing of the hydrophobic tails, and it provides a "safe haven" for hydrophobic molecules, such as lipids and fatty acids, that would otherwise be insoluble in water.
The hydrophilic heads, on the other hand, form a hydrophilic shell on the surface of the micelle, which interacts with the water environment and gives the micelle its spherical shape.The amphipathic molecules can also form different types of micelles, depending on the concentration of the solution. For example, in a low concentration of amphipathic molecules, spherical micelles are formed, while at high concentrations, the micelles can form long and cylindrical structures called "Rods" or "Cylindrical Micelles".
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scientists discover that fish have abnormally high levels of lead in their bodies. which type of waste disposal most likely caused this phenomenon? landfills combustion composting ocean dumping
Of the four types of waste disposal, ocean dumping is the most likely cause of this phenomenon.
Ocean dumping is the disposal of waste materials into the ocean, usually from large ships. This can include anything from sewage, industrial waste, chemicals, and even radioactive materials. Unfortunately, lead from these materials can leach into the ocean and accumulate in the bodies of fish and other marine life.
Lead is a heavy metal and does not break down easily in the environment. It can be transported by water and sediment and can accumulate in fish over time. Lead can be toxic to fish, as it can damage their nervous systems and reproductive organs. In addition, lead can be transferred to humans who eat fish contaminated with lead.
The effects of ocean dumping on the environment are far-reaching and can have serious consequences. In the case of lead, the high levels found in fish are likely due to long-term exposure to ocean dumping. The best way to prevent this type of pollution is to reduce the amount of waste that is sent to the ocean.
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Axons from which neuron in the retina make up the optic nerve? a. amacrine cells b. photoreceptors c. bipolar cells d. retinal ganglion cells.
Answer:
d. Retinal ganglion cells.
Explanation:
Retinal ganglion cells are the type of neuron located in the retina that send axons out of the eye to form the optic nerve. These cells receive input from other neurons in the retina, such as bipolar cells and photoreceptors, and then transmit visual information to the brain via the optic nerve. Amacrine cells and bipolar cells also play important roles in processing visual information in the retina, but they do not make up the optic nerve.
