The substrate is a cyclohexane ring. There will be six different alkenes produced when the cyclohexane ring is treated with a strong base.
What is alkenes?
Alkenes are a common family of hydrocarbons discovered in crude oil. There is at least one carbon-carbon double bond in this family. This double bond significantly alters the chemistry of the family's compounds.
Alkenes, and ethene in particular, play a crucial role in the chemical industry. They are created through the cracking of the alkanes but are not present in significant amounts in crude oil. Like all hydrocarbons, alkenes burn in the presence of air to produce carbon dioxide and water. Ethene reacts violently in oxygen, making it ineffective as a fuel. Additionally, the alkenes are too useful for the production of plastics and numerous other chemicals that are used as fuels in the chemical industry.
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what is the concentration of nh3 (in mg/l) of household ammonia that contains 3.00 percent by weight of nh3? assume the density of water 5 1,000 kg/m3 .
Therefore the concentration of NH3 is 30000mg/L.
What is density?
A material's density specifies the density of that material in a given region. The mass per unit volume of a material is defined as its density. The density of matter is a measurement of how tightly stuff is packed together. It is a specific physical property of anything. The density principle was established by Archimedes, a Greek scientist. Calculating density is simple if you know the formula and understand the units. The symbol denotes density, which can also be represented by the letter D.
Understanding density is critical since it affects many aspects of life. In physics, density is something that affects which clouds float high in the sky and which sink lower. The motions of gases in the atmosphere are determined by density when one material rises over another. It has an impact on what sinks and what floats in a body of water. So, what exactly does density imply? The definition of density is a measure of how dense matter is. Simply put, how much "things" can fit into a given space. The more "stuff" or substance crammed into a place, the denser it becomes.
Calculate the mass of NH3 in household ammonia as follow
[NH3] = weight of NH3 ( Density of water)
[NH3]= 30Kg/[tex]m^{3}[/tex]
[NH3] IN mg/L
Therefore the concentration of NH3 is 30000mg/L.
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the hcl(aq) solution has a lower concentration than what is indicated on the reagent bottle. will this result indicate the presence of more or fewer moles of base in the antacid? explain.
The hcl(aq) solution has a lower concentration than what is indicated on the reagent bottle. This will result in fewer moles of base in the antacid.
What is the HCI solution's concentration?
Up to 38% HCl solutions are used to create hydrochloric acid (concentrated grade). Chemically, concentrations up to just over 40% are possible, but because of the high evaporation rate at that point, special handling and storage measures like pressurization and cooling are needed.The easiest way to test for hydrochloric acid is with silver nitrate solution. Add silver nitrate solution to the test solution in a test tube and observe the reaction. If a white precipitate forms, hydrochloric acid is present.To learn more about HCl solution, follow the link https://brainly.com/question/28456678
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Silicon carbide (sic) is an important ceramic material that is made by allowing sand (silicon dioxide, sio2) to react with powdered carbon at high temperature. When 10 kg of sand (sio2) is used in the reaction, what is the amount (in grams) of co being produced? sio2(s) + c(s) --> sic(s) + co(g) (unbalanced) aw si = 28. 1 g/mol; aw c = 12 g/mol; aw o = 16 g/mol.
Mole measure the number of elementary entities of a given substance that are present in a given sample. Therefore, the amount (in grams) of co being produced is 9.2Kg.
What is mole?The SI unit of amount of substance in chemistry is mole. The mole is used to measure the quantity or amount of substance. We know one mole of any element contains 6.022×10²³ atoms which is also called Avogadro number.
The balanced equation is
SiO[tex]_2[/tex] (s) +3 C (s) → SiC (s) +2 CO (g)
mass of SiO[tex]_2[/tex]= 10 kg=10,000g
Molar mass of SiO[tex]_2[/tex]=60.08 g/mol
Number of moles of SiO[tex]_2[/tex]= given mass÷ Molar mass
=10,000g÷ 60.08 g/mol
=164.4moles
From 1 mole of SiO[tex]_2[/tex], 2 moles of CO is produced.
From 164.4moles of SiO[tex]_2[/tex], 2× 164.4=328.8moles of CO is produced.
Mass of CO=moles of CO× molar mass of CO
=328.8moles× 28.01 g/mol
=9,209.6g=9.2Kg
Therefore, the amount (in grams) of co being produced is 9,209.6g or 9.2Kg.
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identify the number of electrons required to balance the following half-reaction. also indicate whether these electrons must appear as reactants or products.
Two electrons are required on the product side to balance the equation.
Fe⁺ → Fe⁺³ + 2e⁻
A balanced chemical equation is an equation where both the products and reactants are balanced in terms of- number of atoms, moles and concentration.
To balance a chemical equation, we need to equalize the number of atoms on both the reactant and the product side, along with the oxidation and reduction of the reaction. Where oxidation takes place, there reduction also happens and hence known as redox reaction.
Oxidation: - It involve the removal of electrons and oxidation state of atom of an element is increased
Reduction: - It involve the gain of electron and oxidation number is decreased.
In the given condition the oxidation takes place in Fe+ as its number increase from 1+ to 3+ and reduction takes place as it loses two electrons.
Therefore, 3 e- are required to balance the equation from the product side.
Complete question: -
How many electrons are required to balance the following half-reaction?
Fe+ ⟶ Fe3+
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How do you know if a valence shell is full?.
The Atoms which is fully occupied by 8 electrons in their outermost shell is said to be full valence shell.
If the atoms have 8 valence electrons in their outermost shell it is said to be compounds are full. this explains the octet rule. The full valence shell means, the valence shell is fully occupied and forms a stable octet. The halogens like Helium, Neon, Argon, Xenon, etc. have fully filled valence shells. Valence electrons are the electrons located at the outermost shell of an atom. full valence shell is the most stable electron configuration. Elements in other groups have partially filled valence shells and gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. Group 0 elements that are helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon have full outer shells. atoms are most stable and least reactive when their outermost electron shell is full.
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the mineral stibnite, antimony(iii) sulfide, is treated with hydrochloric acid to give antimony(iii) chloride and hydrogen sulfide gas. part a what mass of sbcl3 is produced from a 3.05 g sample of stibnite?
The mineral stibnite, antimony(iii) sulfide, is treated with hydrochloric acid to give antimony(iii) chloride and hydrogen sulfide gas. Mass of sbcl3 is produced from a 3.05 g sample of stibnite will be 4.50 g.
Antimony(III) sulfide + hydrochloric acid → antimony(III) chloride and hydrogen sulfide gas.
Sb₂S₃ + HCl → SbCl₃ + H₂S
Sb₂S₃ + 6HCl → 2SbCl₃ +3H₂S
1 mol Sb₂S₃ : 2SbCl₃
Molar mass Sb₂S₃ = 339.715 g/mol
Number of moles = mass in grams / molar mass = 3.35 g / 339.715 g/mol = 0.00986 mol
1 mol Sb₂S₃ / 2 mol SbCl₃ = 0.00986 mol Sb₂S₃ / x
x = 0.01972 mol SbCl₃
Molar mass SbCl₃ = 228.13 g/mol
mass in grams = molar mass × number of moles = 228.13 g/mol × 0.01972 mol = 4.50 g.
In the food, textile, metal, and rubber sectors, hydrogen chloride (HCl) is frequently employed as a bleaching agent to neutralise alkaline substances. When discharged into the soil, it is neutralised, and when it comes into contact with water, it hydrolyzes quickly.
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do yoou think the orbital period for esus would increase, decrease, or staty the same if its mass were increased? explain your reasoning.
Increased mass would not change the orbital period because Kepler's third law does not take mass into account.
Define Kepler's third law.The cubes of the semi-major axes of the planets' orbits are directly proportional to the squares of the planets' orbital periods. According to Kepler's Third Law, as orbiting planet's radius increases, same the time of its orbit around the Sun.
Thus, we learn that Mercury, the innermost planet, completes its orbit of the Sun in just 88 days. Saturn needs 10,759 days to complete the same task as the earth does in 365 days. Despite the fact that Kepler had no knowledge of gravitation at the time he developed his three laws, Isaac Newton used them to derive his theory of universal gravitation, which explains the mysterious force behind Kepler's Third Law.
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A 0. 2500 g sample of a compound known to contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen undergoes complete combustion to produce 0. 3664 g of co2 and 0. 1500 g of h2o. What is the empirical formula of this compound?.
The empirical formula of this compound CH₂O and the compound is Methanal
What is empirical formula?The molecular formula of a compound is the simplest integer ratio of the atoms present in the compound.
For the mass of C and H, using molar masses:
12.0 x (0.3664/44.0) = 0.096g C
2.02 x (0.15/18) = 0.016g H
As the sample is completely converted into CO₂ and H₂O.
So, 0.25g sample - 0.096g C - 0.016g H = mass of oxygen
Mass of oxygen = 0.138g
Using molar masses:
0.096g / 12.0 g/mol = 0.008 moles C
0.016g / 1.01 g/mol = 0.015 moles H
0.138g / 16.0 g/mol = 0.008 moles O
0.008 is lesser, so use it to normalize to find the ratio.
The ratios are:
0.008 moles C / 0.008 = 1 moles C
0.015 moles H / 0.008 = 1.8 moles H
0.008 moles O / 0.008 = 1 mole O
Moles of H = 1.8 ≈ 2
This makes the empirical formula as: CH₂O (Methanal)
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a hydrocarbon undergoes combustion, producing 6.00 g co2 and 1.84 g h2o. what is the empirical formula of this hydrocarbon?
For instance, the empirical formula of a hydrocarbon is CH 2, and its M r is 42. Consequently, C 3H 6 is the hydrocarbon's chemical formula.
What is the empirical formula for the CO2 and H2O hydrocarbons?Finding the mass of C in CO2 and H in H2O is the initial stage in this process. This is accomplished by multiplying by the mass of the compound formed after dividing the atomic mass by the molecular mass. The empirical formula for this hydrocarbon is CH3, as we have a ratio of 1 carbon atom to 3 hydrogen atoms.
What is the hydrocarbon chemical equation?A saturated hydrocarbon with one ring has the generic formula CnH2n. For the majority of compounds, details other than the chemical formula are required to clarify their structure. However, a chemical formula's C:H ratio can reveal information about the chemical structure.
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When exactly half of the ch3co2h has been converted to ch3co2-, what is the ratio:.
The ratio of converting CH3CO2 is 49:1.
Calculation:-
The pH of an acidic buffer is calculated by Henderson equation as:
pH = pKa + log [ salt] / [acid]
Given, ka for acetic acid = 1.76 x 10^-5
Therefore, pKa = -log ka = - log 1.76 x 10^-5
= 5 - log 1.76 = 5 - 0.246 = 4.75
pH = 4.44
Hence, using Henderson's equation,
pH = pka + log [CH3COO- ] /[CH3COOH]
4.44 = 4.75 + log [CH3COO- / CH3COOH]
log [CH3COO- / CH3COOH ] = - 0.31
[CH3COO- / CH3COOH] = antilog -0.31 = 0.49
Therefore, ratio of , [CH3COO- / CH3COOH] = 0.49 : 1
Ratios indicate how often one number contains another number. The term ratio is used in social media sensation and refers to situations where a post has a higher percentage of replies compared to likes and reposts. It usually indicates that the post is inundated with negative replies that criticize and often ridicule.
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If cell length is held constant, a lambert-beer’s law plot of a given analyte will result in a linear relationship between?.
If the length of the cell is constant, a beer-lambert law plot will give a linear relationship between the concentration and the wavelength.
The Beer-Lambert law states that there is a linear relationship between the concentration and absorbance of a solution and that the concentration of a solution can be calculated by measuring its absorbance.
The Beer-Lambert Law is a linear relationship between the absorbance of a solution and its concentration, molar extinction coefficient, and optical coefficient:
A = εCL
where A is the absorbance
ε is the extinction coefficient
C is the concentration
L is the length of the cell.
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HELP ME PLEASE JUST BALANCE THE EQUATION
Answer:
2CO2 + 3H2O ---> C2H5OH + 3O2
The working is in the picture.
why is a solution not a pure substance?
a, it is made up of one substance
b, the solute and solvent cannot be seperated
c, it is a mixture between a solute of solvent
d, it is made up of two substances that are chemically combined
i just took the test the anwser is c
A solution is not a pure substance as it is a mixture between a solute and a solvent.
Pure substances are substances that are made up of only type of particles and have a fixed structure. In pure substances the matter cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical means.
A homogenous mixture of two or more substances in relative amounts that can be varied continuously up to what is called the limit of solubility. The term solution is commonly applied to the liquid state of matter, but solutions of gases and solids are possible.
A solution cannot be a pure substance because it is made up of a homogenous mixture of solute and a solvent. Homogenous means the matter cannot be separated out and therefore a solution cannot be a pure substance.
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what is the atom for each formula of 4 P4010
suppose you begin with an unknown volume of 8.61 m h2so4and add enough water to make 5.00*102ml of a 1.75 m h2so4solution. what was the unknown volume of your 8.61 m h2so4solution that you began with? express your answer in ml.
The unknown volume of 8.61 M H2SO4 solution after adding water to make 5.00*102ml of 1.75m H2SO4 was 102 ml, or 1.02 × 102 ml.
1.02x10^2 ml The product of molarity and volume will remain constant as mole solvent is added since molarity is defined as moles per liter. In order to describe this, let's build up an equality: m0*v0 = m1*v1, where m0, v0 are the molarity and volume of the original solution and m1, m1 are those of the final solution.
Calculate by first solving for v0, then substituting the known values: m0*v0 = m1*v1, where v0 = (1.75 M * 500 ml)/8.61 M and V0 = 101.6260163. The result of rounding to three significant figures is 102 ml.
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reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction's . reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction's . entropy equilibrium point free-energy content activation energy request answer
Reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must overcome activation energy.
The least amount of energy necessary to bring atoms or molecules into a state where they can undergo a chemical transformation or physical transport is known as the activation energy in chemistry. The difference in energy content between atoms or molecules in an activated or transition-state configuration and the same atoms and molecules in their original configuration is known as the activation energy in transition-state theory. The activation energy is usually represented by the symbol Ea.
Exothermic reactions require activation energy to begin, just like all other chemical reactions. Reactants require activation energy in order to move collectively, overcome repulsive forces, and begin bond-breaking.
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At a constant temperature, which of the gases will have the highest average kinetic energy?.
The average kinetic energy depends on the mass and speed of the particles. At constant temperature, every gas molecules have the same average kinetic energy.
What is kinetic energy?Kinetic energy is a form of energy generated by virtue of motion of an object. When the object is at rest the energy is stored in the form of potential energy whereas, when they start to move they gain a kinetic energy.
Average kinetic energy of a particle, depends on temperature by the equation :
K = 3/2 KT
Therefore it is independent of mass and speed of the particles. However the speed of ions at constant temperature will be different.
Hence, at constant temperature, the average kinetic energy of all the gases will be the same. Thus, option E is correct.
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Your question is incomplete. But your complete question probably was:
At a constant temperature, which of the gases will have the highest average
kinetic energy?
A) H2
B) N2
C) O2
D) F2
E) All the gases will have the same average
kinetic energy.
Please explain how you would determine whether a particular molecular compound was polar if you were given the lewis structure.
The way to determine whether a particular molecular compound was polar if you were given the Lewis structure is by:
The molecule is nonpolar if the arrangement is symmetrical and the arrows are of equal length. The molecule is polar if the lengths of the arrows differ and they do not balance one another. A polar molecule has an asymmetrical configuration.How can the Lewis structure tell if a molecule is polar?The way to Spot Polar Molecules are:
Sketch out the Lewis framework.Calculate the geometry (using VSEPR theory)Draw or visualize the geometry.Find the net dipole moment (if you can see it, you may skip the math)It is non-polar if the net dipole moment is zero. Everything else is polar.Therefore, Keep in mind that an unbalanced distribution of electrons defines a polar bond.
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a mixture of xenon and oxygen gases contains xenon at a partial pressure of 162 mm hg and oxygen at a partial pressure of 568 mm hg. what is the mole fraction of each gas in the mixture? xxe
The mole fraction of oxygen gas in the mixture is 0.778 and the mole fraction of xenon in the mixture is 0.222.
What is mole fraction?
Mole fraction is the moles of a particular gas divided by total number of moles of all the gases in the mixture. The total pressure of the gas is the the sum of partial pressures of the given gases that constitutes the mixture. Mole fraction of all the gases in any mixture when added gives 1.
Mole fraction of oxygen gas and xenon gas in the mixture can be calculated as,
Mole fraction of Oxygen gas = 568 / 568 + 162 = 0.778
Mole fraction of xenon gas = 162 / 568 + 162 = 0.222
Therefore, mole fraction of oxygen and xenon gases with partial pressures of 568mm Hg and 162 mm Hg are 0.778 and 0.222 respectively.
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Benzene (c6h6) burns in air to produce carbon dioxide and liquid water. Calculate the change in heat (in kilojoules) per gram of the compound reacted with oxygen. The standard enthalpy of formation of benzene is 49. 04 kj/mol.
For gram of the chemical that interacted with oxygen, -41.83 KJ of heat were released.
Describe heat.Heat is the exchange in "thermal" energy caused by a temperature difference. Imagine a system that is isolated and has two subsystems that really are initially running at different temperatures. Energy is moved from the lower temperature subsystem 1 to the high thermal subsystem 2.
What really is heat in a unit?Because heat is a type of energy, the SI unit for heat also is joules (J), which is defined as the quantity of energy required to elevate the temperature of the a mass m by one degree. This is significant because heat is a kind of energy. To calculate heat, divide the temperature change of a water sample by its mass.
Briefing:2C6H6 + 15O2 -> 12CO2 + 6H2O
2x49.04 2x10 12x-393.5 6x-285.8
= [12(-393.5)+6(-285.8)] - [2(49.04)+(2x10)]
= -6936.8 -98
= -6534.8 KJ/mole
Per gram of C6H6
= (-6534.8 KJ / 2 mole of C6H6)(1 mole of C6H6 / 78.108g)
= -41.83 KJ / mole
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What does the law of definite proportions state?
Atoms will never break bonds in a chemical reaction.
Atoms combine in whole number ratios.
Atoms will always form compounds.
Atoms cannot be created or destroyed.
The law of definite proportions state atoms combine in whole number ratios. Therefore, option B is correct.
What is the law of definite proportions ?According to the rule of definite proportions, every chemical compound has the same elements in the exact same mass quantities.
According to the law of definite proportions, sometimes referred to as the law of constant proportions, each of the constituent components of a chemical compound must always be present in a certain ratio in terms of their mass.
According to the law of definite proportion, the mass ratio of the components in compounds is constant. As an illustration, water from various bodies of water will still have 11% hydrogen and 89% oxygen.
Thus, option B is correct.
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which of the following has the greatest mass? which of the following has the greatest mass? 1 mole of na 1 mole of pb 1 mole of be 1 mole of h2 all have the same mass. submit
One mole of Pb has the greatest mass and the mass is 207g
We know, that mass = given mole × Molecular weight
According to the given question, we need to find the masses of 1 mole of Na(Sodium), Pb(Lead), Be(Beryllium) and H₂
So,
Mass of Na = 1 × 23 = 23g
Mass of Pb = 1 × 207 = 207g
Mass of Be = 1 × 9 = 9g
Mass of H₂ = 1 × 2 = 2g
Therefore, one mole of Pb (lead) has the greatest mass among the given four elements that are Na, Be and H₂.
The Molar mass of a substance is the mass in grams of one mole of the compound. Pb( lead) is a soft, malleable, ductile and dense metallic element.
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consider the electron configuration of the element mn. how many unpaired electrons are there in the ground state electron configuration of mn?
In its ground state in the d orbital, manganese possesses a total of five unpaired electrons.
Define Manganese.Manganese is a trace mineral that the body contains in very small amounts. The liver, kidneys, pancreas, and bones are where it is most commonly found. In the body, manganese helps to build sex hormones, connective tissue, bones, and blood clotting components. Additionally, it aids in calcium absorption, blood sugar regulation, and the metabolism of fats and carbs. Additionally essential for healthy nerve and brain function is manganese.
Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant enzyme that aids in the battle against free radicals, is made up in part of manganese. Free radicals are produced by the body normally, but they can harm DNA and cell membranes. They might contribute to aging and the emergence of several diseases, such as cancer and heart disease.
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Which of these molecular structures could be found in a lipid, but not a carbohydrate, protein, or nucleic acid?.
The molecular structures that could be found in a lipid, but not in a carbohydrate, protein, or nucleic acid is a long chain made only of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
What is a lipid?Lipids аre hydrophobic (“wаter-feаring”), or insoluble in wаter, becаuse they аre nonpolаr molecules. This is becаuse they аre hydrocаrbons thаt include only nonpolаr cаrbon-cаrbon or cаrbon-hydrogen bonds. Lipids perform mаny different functions in а cells. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of lipids cаlled fаts.
Lipids аnd cаrbohydrаtes аre composed of cаrbon, hydrogen аnd oxygen аtoms. Proteins аnd nucleic аcids hаve nitrogen аtoms. However, even though lipids аnd cаrbohydrаtes hаve cаrbon, hydrogen аnd oxygen аtoms, cаrbohydrаtes аre mostly cyclic structures аnd not strаight chаin molecules like lipids аnd they do not hаve а long chаin mаde only of cаrbon аnd hydrogen аtoms.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full options were
A. a long chain of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms
B. a long chain made only of carbon and hydrogen atoms
C. a phosphate group joined to a chain of carbon atoms
D. an amino group and a carboxyl group bonded together
Thus, the correct option is B.
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the wobble hypothesis predicts that codons coding for the same amino acid differ as they are read in the 5' to the 3' direction.
The Wobble Hypothesis describes how different codons can represent the same amino acid. The less precise base pairings that can form between the third base of the codon and the base at the first position on the anticodon allow one tRNA molecule (with one amino acid attached) to recognize and bind to several codons.
Give a brief idea about amino acids.A basic amino group (NH2), an acidic carboxyl group (COOH), and an organic R group (or side chain) that is specific to each amino acid make up an amino acid, an organic molecule.
Alpha-amino carboxylic acid is referred to as an amino acid informally.
An amino and a carboxyl group are both joined to the core carbon (C) atom, known as the -carbon, in every molecule. A hydrogen (H) atom and the R group typically fulfill the remaining two bonds of the -carbon atom.
The building components of proteins are amino acids. The vast majority of chemical processes that take place in cells are catalyzed by proteins. They give cells a lot of their structural components and aid in fusing cells into tissues.
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a 1 liter solution contains 0.245 m nitrous acid and 0.327 m potassium nitrite. addition of 0.123 moles of potassium hydroxide will:
Addition of 0.123 moles of potassium hydroxide will increase the PH of the solution by several units .
Why the addition of 0.124 moles of potassium hydroxide will increase the PH by some units?PH is the basic term in chemistry which signifies the hydrogen ion concentration in a given solution.Here is given in a 1 liter solution is 0.245 molal nitrous acid and 0.327 molal potassium nitrite.And the question is asked of effect in the solution after the addition of 0.123 moles of potassium hydroxide in the same solution.See nitrous acid that is KNO2 is a strong acid , and KOH is a strong base so it will completely ionize in the solution.The k+ component of the KOH will react with nitrous that is NO2 component and will form KNO2 which is a weak base .So being basic in nature it will slightly increase the PH of the solution where in it will react.To know more about solution visit:
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If the density of your unknown liquid is 0. 65 g/ml, calculate the volume in liters that 3 ml of your unknown liquid would occupy when vaporized at the barometric pressure and temperature of your boiling water bath in run 1. Use the accepted molar mass of your suspected unknown.
The volume of 3 mL evaporated unknow liquid is
V 3mL = 1.95
30.688 X Mass molar
To calculate the volume in liters that 3 ml of your unknown liquid would occupy when vaporized, it can be calculated as follows:
as we know :
boiling presure at 1 atm is 100°C or 373°Kstandard STP temperature = 273°KSTP volume = 22.4 Lfirst we calculate the temperature of unknown
T = 373 °K / 273°K
T = 1.37 °K
D = 0.65 g/mL
so,
V 3 mL = volume of unknown liquid X D
mass molar X V X T
V 3 mL = 3 mL X 0.65 g / mL
mass molar X 22.4 L X 1.37
V 3mL = 1.95
30.688 X Mass molar
when we know the value of molar mass, we can easily calculate the value now.
Hence, The volume of 3 mL evaporated unknow liquid is
V 3mL = 1.95
30.688 X Mass molar
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gallium crystallizes in a primitive cubic unit cell. the length of an edge of this cube is 362 pmpm . what is the radius of a gallium atom? express your answer numerically in picometers.
The gallium atom's radius is 181 pm.
What is an atom of gallium's radius?The basic cubic structure of a primitive cubic unit cell has one atom in each of the cube's eight corners. In addition, eight additional cubes share each atom evenly, resulting in one atom per unit cell.
A basic cube's edge length (a) and atomic radius (R) are connected by the formula: a = 2*R.
A = 362 pm for the Ga unit cell.
R = a/2 = 362/2 = 181 pm as a result.
As a result, the gallium atom's radius is 181 pm.
How is the basic cubic unit cell made?Only the corners of the original cubic unit cell contain atoms. Eight adjacent unit cells share each atom at the corner. Both the upper (or lower) layer and the same layer have four unit cells each. Consequently, a specific unit cell only contains 1/8th of an atom.
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the process of crenation occurs when the concentration of solute outside the cell is than inside the cell and the solution is said to be .
The process of crenation occurs when the concentration of solute outside the cell is than inside the cell and the solution is said to be hypertonic.
What is crenation?
In botany and zoology, the term "crenation" refers to the round-toothed or scalloped shape of an object, particularly a leaf or shell. Modern Latin crenatus, meaning "scalloped or notched," is derived from common Latin crena, meaning "notch."
The term can refer to a variety of items, including cells. One process of crenation is the contraction of a cell upon exposure to a hypertonic solution due to the loss of water through osmosis.Cucumber pickling and salt-curing of beef are practical applications of crenation.
In a hypertonic environment, the cell's solute concentration is lower than that of the extracellular fluid around it, and water diffuses out of the cell by osmosis, resulting in a reduction in the volume of the cytoplasm. The result is cell membrane irregular notchings and cell membrane shrinkage.Hence, the process of crenation occurs when the concentration of solute outside the cell is than inside the cell and the solution is said to be hypertonic.
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assuming 57.0 mg of pure aluminum react completely with hydrochloric acid, how many milliliters of hydrogen gas are produced at stp?
30 ml of hydrogen gas are produced.
What is ideal gas law?The ideal gas law is also known as the general gas equation, is the equation of state for a hypothetical ideal gas. It may have some limitations, but is a good approximation of the behavior of many gases under many conditions. It is expressed as PV = nRT
The reaction is expressed as:
2Al + 6HCl ⇒ 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂
The ratio of Al and H₂ is 2:3
Moles of aluminium = 0.057 /26.98
= 0.0021 moles
The mole ratio indicates that,
The number of moles of H₂ = 0.0021 × 2/3
= 0.0014 moles
Using PV = nRT
where,
T = 273 K
P = 1 atm
R = 0.0821 Kj /mol K
n = 0.0014 moles
Substitute the values in equation which gives,
V = nRT/P
V = 0.0014×0.0821×273/1
V = 0.03 L or 30 ml
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