Answer:
[tex]\boxed {\boxed {\sf 11 \ grams \ NaCl}}[/tex]
Explanation:
We are asked to find how many grams of sodium chloride are in a solution.
1. Moles of SoluteMolarity is a measure of concentration in moles per liter.
[tex]molarity= \frac{ moles \ of \ solute}{liters \ of \ solution}[/tex]
We know the molarity is 0.75 molar. 1 molar is the same as 1 mole per liter, so the solution contains 0.75 moles of sodium chloride per liter.
There are 250 milliliters of solution but molarity uses liters for volume. We must convert milliliters to liters. Remember that 1 liter contains 1000 milliliters. Set up a ratio and use dimensional analysis to convert.
[tex]250 \ mL * \frac{1 \ L} {1000\ mL} = \frac{ 250}{1000} \ L = 0.250 \ L[/tex]
Now we know the molarity and the liters of solution, but the moles of solute are unknown.
molarity = 0.75 mol NaCl/L moles of solute =x liters of solution = 0.25 LSubstitute the values into the formula.
[tex]0.75 \ mol \ NaCl/L = \frac{x}{0.250 \ L}[/tex]
We are solving for the moles of solute, so we must isolate the variable x. It is being divided by 0.250 liters. The inverse of division is multiplication, so multiply both sides of the equation by 0.250 L.
[tex]0.250 \ L *0.75 \ mol \ NaCl/L = \frac{x}{0.250 \ L} * 0.250 \ L[/tex]
[tex]0.250 \ L *0.75 \ mol \ NaCl/L = x[/tex]
The units of liters cancel.
[tex]0.250 * 0.75 \ mol \ NaCl[/tex]
[tex]\bold {0.1875 \ mol \ NaCl}[/tex]
2. Grams of SoluteNow that we have calculated the moles of solute, we must convert this to grams. We use the molar mass or the mass of 1 mole of a substance. Sodium chloride's molar mass is given and it is 58.44 grams per mole. This means there are 58.44 grams of sodium chloride in 1 mole of sodium chloride.
Set up a ratio so we can convert using dimensional analysis.
[tex]\frac {58.44 \ g \ NaCl}{1 \ mol \ NaCl}[/tex]
Multiply by the number of moles we calculated.
[tex]0.1875 \ mol \ NaCl *\frac {58.44 \ g \ NaCl}{1 \ mol \ NaCl}[/tex]
The units of moles of sodium chloride cancel.
[tex]0.1875 *\frac {58.44 \ g \ NaCl}{1}[/tex]
[tex]\bold {10.9575 \ g \ NaCl}[/tex]
3. Round using Significant FiguresThe original measurements of molarity and volume have 2 significant figures, so our answer must have the same. For the number we calculated, that is the ones place. The 9 in the tenths place tells us to round the 0 up to a 1.
[tex]11 \ g \ NaCl[/tex]
There are approximately 11 grams of sodium chloride in 250 mL of a 0.75 molar solution.
Enough of a monoprotic weak acid is dissolved in water to produce a 0.0118 M solution. The pH of the resulting solution is 2.32 . Calculate the Ka for the acid.
Answer:
1.94 × 10⁻³
Explanation:
Step 1: Calculate the concentration of H⁺ ions
We will use the definition of pH.
pH = -log [H⁺]
[H⁺] = antilog -pH = antilog -2.32 = 4.79 × 10⁻³ M
Step 2: Calculate the acid dissociation constant (Ka) of the acid
For a monoprotic weak acid, whose concentration (Ca) is 0.0118 M, we can use the following expression.
Ka = [H⁺]²/Ca
Ka = (4.79 × 10⁻³)²/0.0118 = 1.94 × 10⁻³
How are radioactive isotopes used to diagnose thyroid problems?
Answers
A.
Production of radioactive iodine by the thyroid is measured.
B.
Uptake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland is measured.
C.
Destruction of damaged cells by radioisotopes is measured.
D.
Absorption of gamma rays from ingested radioisotopes is measured.
Question
Answer:
A
Explanation:
uptakw of raduoactive iofine by the thyroid gland js measurd
Three important nutritional additions to training for a long distance race are
O Protein
O Water
O Increase calories
O All of the answer choices
Two flasks are connected by a closed valve. One contains gas particles and the other contains a vacuum. If the valve is opened such that the particles move until they fill both flasks, the process by which the particles can reconvene entirely in one of the flasks is:
Answer: The process by which the particles can reconvene entirely in one of the flasks is: NONSPONTANEOUS.
Explanation:
The spontaneity of a process can affect the distribution of energy and matter within the system. Different chemical or physical processes have the natural tendency to occur in one direction under a given set of conditions. For example:
--> when water is pour down a hill it naturally flows down but it requires outside energy maybe from a water pump to flow up the hill and ,
--> during an iron rust, iron that is exposed to atmosphere will corrode, but rust is not converted to iron without intentional chemical treatment.
Therefore, a spontaneous process is one that occurs naturally under certain conditions. While a NONSPONTANEOUS process, on the other hand, will not take place unless it is initiated by the continual input of energy from an outside source. A process that is spontaneous in one direction under a particular set of conditions is nonspontaneous in the REVERSE direction.
From the two flasks that where connected through a valve, once the valve was opened, the gas spontaneously becomes evenly distributed between the flasks. To reverse this, it would require an external energy making the reconvening of the particles back to the first flask a NONSPONTANEOUS PROCESS .
(URGENT FOR BRAINLIEST!!)
The diagram below shows the movement of Earth plates.
The picture shows two Earth plates one beside the other. The plate on the left is shown moving towards the right and the plate
Which of these features is most likely formed as a result of the movement of Earth plates shown in the diagram? (2 points)
a canyon
a fault
a mountain
a ridge
Answer:
mountain
Explanation:
when plates move towards each other they create mountains
Rank the compounds NH3, CH4, and PH3 in order of decreasing boiling point. Choices: A) NH3 > CH4 > PH3 B) CH4 > NH3 > PH3 C) NH3 > PH3 > CH4 D) CH4 > PH3 > NH3 E) PH3 > NH3 > CH4
Answer:
C) NH3 > PH3 > CH4
Explanation:
The boiling point of a substance depends on the nature of intermolecular interaction between the molecules of the substance. The greater the magnitude of intermolecular interaction between the molecules of the substance, the higher the boiling point of the substance.
Both NH3 and PH3 have intermolecular hydrogen bonding between their molecules. However, since nitrogen is more electronegative than phosphorus, the magnitude of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in NH3 is greater than in PH3 hence NH3 has a higher boiling point than PH3.
CH4 molecules only have weak dispersion forces between them hence they exhibit the lowest boiling point.
An important difference between fuel cells and batteries is that batteries _______. Select the correct answer below: do not require a continuous source of fuel require a continuous source of fuel are able to expel products are constantly resupplied with reactants
Answer: the correct option is that batteries (do NOT require a continuous source of fuel).
Explanation:
A battery can be classified as an electrochemical cell that has the ability to produce electric current. They do NOT require a continuous supply of fuel because it contains all the reactants needed to produce electricity. Below are some examples of batteries that are commonly used:
--> Primary battery: This is a single use battery because it can't be recharged. A typical example is the dry cell.
--> Secondary battery: This type of battery can be recharged. They are used as a power source for smartphones, electronic tablets, and automobiles.
A FUEL CELL is known as a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Fuel cells are similar to batteries but require a continuous source of fuel, often hydrogen. They will continue to produce electricity as long as they are constantly resupplied with reactants. Hydrogen fuel cells have been used to supply power for satellites, space capsules, automobiles, boats, and submarines.
Answer:
accumulate reaction byproducts
Explanation:
Batteries accumulate reaction byproducts. Fuel cells are similar to batteries but require a continuous source of fuel, often hydrogen. They will continue to produce electricity as long as fuel is available. Hydrogen fuel cells have been used to supply power for satellites, space capsules, automobiles, boats, and submarines. A battery is an electrochemical cell or series of cells that produces an electric current.
Bond length is the distance between the centers of two bonded atoms. On the potential energy curve, the bond length is the internuclear distance between the two atoms when the potential energy of the system reaches its lowest value. Given that the atomic radii of H and Br are 37.0 pm and 115 pm , respectively, predict the upper limit of the bond length of the HBr molecule. Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. View Available Hint(s)for Part C
Answer:
The answer is "152 pm".
Explanation:
The bond length from the values inside the atomic radii is calculated according to the query. This would be the upper limit of a molecule's binding length.
The atomic radius of [tex]H= 37.0 \ pm[/tex]
The atomic radius of [tex]Br = 115.0 \ pm[/tex]
[tex]\text{Bond length = Atomic radius of H + Atomic radius of Br}[/tex]
[tex]= 37.0\ pm + 115.0 \ pm\\\\= 152\ pm[/tex]
A certain watch’s luminous glow is due to zinc sulfide paint that is energized by beta particles given off by tritium, the radioactive hydrogen isotope 3 H, which has a half-life of 12.3 years. This glow has about 1/10 of its initial brightness. How many years old is the watch? g
Answer:
The watch is 40.9 years old.
Explanation:
To know how many years old is the watch we need to use the following equation:
[tex] I_{(t)} = I_{0}e^{-\lambda t} [/tex] (1)
Where:
[tex]I_{(t)}[/tex]: is the brightness in a time t = (1/10)I₀
[tex]I_{0}[/tex]: is the initial brightness
λ: is the decay constant of tritium
The decay constant is given by:
[tex] \lambda = \frac{ln(2)}{t_{1/2}} [/tex] (2)
Where:
[tex]t_{1/2}[/tex]: is the half-life of tritium = 12.3 years
By entering equation (2) into (1) we have:
[tex] I_{(t)} = I_{0}e^{-\lambda t} = I_{0}e^{-\frac{ln(2)}{t_{1/2}}t} [/tex]
[tex] \frac{I_{(t)}}{I_{0}} = e^{-\frac{ln(2)}{t_{1/2}}t} [/tex]
By solving the above equation for "t" we have:
[tex] ln(\frac{I_{(t)}}{I_{0}}) = -\frac{ln(2)}{t_{1/2}}t [/tex]
[tex] t = -\frac{ln(\frac{I_{(t)}}{I_{0}})}{\frac{ln(2)}{t_{1/2}}} = -\frac{ln(\frac{1}{10})}{\frac{ln(2)}{12.3}} = 40.9 y [/tex]
Therefore, the watch is 40.9 years old.
I hope it helps you!
What is the oxidation state of rubidium (Rb)?
A. +1
B. -2
C. +2
D. -1
Answer:
The answer is A. +1
Explanation:
there is 3.5 g of fat in a granola bar. You determine the fat content to be 4.0 G in the lab. What is the percent error
Answer:
[tex]error = 4.0 - 3.5 = 0.5 \\ \\ percent \: error = \frac{0.5}{3.5} \times 100 \\ \\ = 14.29\% [/tex]
The enthalpy of formation for CO2 (s) and CO2 (g) is: -427.4 KJ/mole and -393.5 KJ/mole, respectively. The sublimation of dry ice is described by CO2 (s) → CO2 (g).
The enthalpy needed to sublime 986 grams of CO2 is:
(a) 181.5 Kcal
(b) 611.7 Kcal
(c) 248.3 Kcal
(d) 146.2 Kcal
Answer:
a. 181.5 kcal
Explanation:
Step 1: Calculate the enthalpy of the process (ΔH°).
Let's consider the following process.
CO₂(s) → CO₂(g)
We can calculate the enthalpy of the process using the following expression.
ΔH° = ∑ np × ΔH°f(p) - ∑ nr × ΔH°f(r)
ΔH° = 1 mol × ΔH°f(CO₂(g)) - 1 mol × ΔH°f(CO₂(s))
ΔH° = 1 mol × (-393.5 kJ/mol) - 1 mol × (-427.4 kJ/mol) = 33.9 kJ
According to the balanced equation, 33.9 kJ are required to sublime 1 mole of CO₂.
Step 2: Convert 986 g of CO₂ to moles
The molar mass of CO₂ is 44.01 g/mol.
986 g × 1 mol/44.01 g = 22.4 mol
Step 3: Calculate the enthalpy needed to sublime 22.4 moles of CO₂
22.4 mol × 33.9 kJ/1 mol = 759 kJ
We can convert it to Kcal using the conversion factor 1 kcal = 4.184 kJ.
759 kJ × 1 kcal/4.184 kJ = 181.5 kcal
All of the following statements concerning real cases is correct EXCEPT Group of answer choices molecules of real gases are attracted to each other. molecules of real gases occupy no volume. nonideal gas behavior is described by the Van der Waals Equation. the pressure of a real gas is due to collisions with the container. the pressure of a real gas at low temperatures is lower than for ideal gases.
Answer:
molecules of real gases occupy no volume.
Explanation:
As all the real gases are composed of particles that occupy the non-zero volume that is the excluded volume. If the gas is behaving in an ideal manner. The correction becomes negatable and is relative to the total volume. The extended volume is volume that is taken by the non ideal gas particles.A eudiometer is used to collect hydrogen gas in a chemical reaction, as in your Exp 7. The volume of the gas in the tube (when pressure is held
constant) is 479.10 mL. The pressure of the atmosphere during the experiment is 758.3 mmgHg, and the temperature of the water and gas is
19.0*C. The water vapor pressure at this temperature is 16.5 torr.
Calculate the mass of hydrogen, in mg, collected.
Answer:
39.29 mg
Explanation:
Step 1: Calculate the partial pressure of hydrogen
The pressure of the atmosphere is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the water and the hydrogen. (1 Torr = 1 mmHg)
P = pH₂O + pH₂
pH₂ = P - pH₂O = 758.3 mmHg - 16.5 mmHg = 741.8 mmHg
We will convert it using the conversion factor 1 atm = 760.0 mmHg.
741.8 mmHg × 1 atm/760.0 mmHg = 0.9761 atm
Step 2: Convert 19.0 °C to Kelvin
We will use the following expression.
K = °C + 273.15 = 19.0 + 273.15 = 292.2 K
Step 3: Calculate the mass of hydrogen
First, we will calculate the moles of hydrogen using the ideal gas equation.
P × V = n × R × T
n = P × V / R × T
n = 0.9761 atm × 0.47910 L / (0.08206 atm.L/mol.K) × 292.2 K = 0.01950 mol
The molar mass of hydrogen is 2.015 g/mol. The mass of hydrogen is:
0.01950 mol × 2.015 g/mol = 0.03929 g = 39.29 mg
what is the charge on the Mn ions in Mn2o3? 1+, 2+, 3+,3-,4+?
Which shampoo would be displayed third?
Answer:
Biolage is the answer
Explanation:
Because it's price is third most
How many grams of H₂SO₄ are contained in 2.00 L of 6.0 M H₂SO₄?
Please explain and show work.
Answer:
1176 grams
Explanation:
nH2SO4 =2*6=12 mol
mH2SO4=12*98=1176 grams
Answer:
solution given:
molarity of H₂SO₄=6 M
volume=2L
no of mole =6M*2=12mole
we have
mass =mole* actual mass=12*98=1176g
the mass is 1176g.
An equilibrium mixture of PCl5(g), PCl3(g), and Cl2(g) has partial pressures of 217.0 Torr, 13.2 Torr, and 13.2 Torr, respectively. A quantity of Cl2(g) is injected into the mixture, and the total pressure jumps to 263.0 Torr at the moment of mixing. The system then re-equilibrates. The chemical equation for this reaction is
Answer:
p'PCl3 = 6.8 torr
p'Cl2 =26.4 torr
p'PCl5 =223.4 torr
Explanation:
An equilibrium mixture of PCl5(g), PCl3(g), and Cl2(g) has partial pressures of 217.0 Torr, 13.2 Torr, and 13.2 Torr, respectively. A quantity of Cl2(g) is injected into the mixture, and the total pressure jumps to 263.0 Torr at the moment of mixing. The system then re-equilibrates. The chemical equation for this reaction is
PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ---> PCl5(g)
Calculate the new partial pressures after equilibrium is reestablished. [in torr]
pPCl3
pCl2
pPCl5
Step 1: Data given
Partial pressure before adding chlorine gas:
Partial pressure of PCl5 = 217.0 torr
Partial pressureof PCl3 = 13.2 torr
Partial pressureof Cl2 = 13.2 torr
A quantity of Cl2(g) is injected into the mixture, and the total pressure jumps to 263.0 Torr at the moment of mixing
Step 2: The equation
PCl3(g)+Cl2(g) ⇔ PCl5(g)
Step 3: The expression of an equilibrium constant before adding chlorine gas
Kp = pPCl5 / (pPCl3 * pCl2)
Kp = 217.0 / (13.2 * 13.2)
Kp = 1.245
Step 4: The expression of an equilibrium constant after adding chlorine gas
Partial pressure of PCl5 = 217.0 torr
Partial pressure of PCl3 = 13.2
Partial pressure of Cl2 = TO BE DETERMINED
Step 5: The total pressure of the system
Ptotal = pPCl5 + pPCl3 + pCl2
263.0 torr = 217.0 torr + 13.2 torr + pCl2
pCl2 = 263.0 - 217.0 -13.2 = 32.8 torr
Step 6: The initial pressure
The equation: PCl3(g)+Cl2(g) ⇔ PCl5(g)
pPCl3 = 13.2 torr
pCl2 = 32.8 torr
pPCl5 = 217.0 torr
Step 7: The pressure at the equilibrium
p'PCl3 = (13.2 -x) torr
p'Cl2 = (32.8 - x) torr
p'PCl5 = (217.0 + x) torr
Step 8: The equilibrium constant
'Kp = p'PCl5 / (p'PCl3 * p'Cl2)
1.245 = (217.0+x) / ((13.2-x)(32.8-x)
x = 6.40 torr
p'PCl3 = 13.2 -6.40 = 6.8 torr
p'Cl2 = 32.8 - 6.40 =26.4 torr
p'PCl5 = 217.0 + x) 6.4 = 223.4 torr
How many grams are of aluminum nitrate are contained in 0.150 moles of Al(NO3)3?
Answer:
31.95 g
Explanation:
find the molar mass of Al(NO3)3
(Al = 27, N = 14, O = 16)
molar mass of Al(NO3)3 = 27+ (14+16×3)×3
= 213 gmol^-
mass = 213 ×0.15
= 31.95g
Which redox reaction would most likely occur if zinc and copper metal were
added to a solution that contained zinc and copper ions?
Click for a reduction potential chart
A. Cu + Zn → Cu2+ + Zn2+
B. Cu + Zn2+
Cu2+ + Zn
C. Cu2+ + Zn → Cu + Zn2+
D. Cu2+ + Zn2+ → Cu + Zn
Answer:
C
Explanation:
b/c when copper and zinc metal are addedto solution,then the solution will be consider under redox reaction
[tex]Cu^{2+} + Zn[/tex] → [tex]Cu + Zn^{2+}[/tex] is the redox reaction. Hence, option C is correct.
What is Redox Reaction?A chemical reaction taking place between an oxidizing substance and a reducing substance.
The oxidizing substance is used to lose electrons in the reaction, and the reducing substance is used to gain electrons.
On the reduction potential chart, zinc is a stronger oxidizing agent than, Copper (Cu), which is a reducing agent as compared to silver
The redox reaction most likely occurs if silver and copper metal were added to a solution that contained silver and copper ions is ;
[tex]Cu^{2+} + Zn[/tex] → [tex]Cu + Zn^{2+}[/tex]
Learn more about Redox Reaction here ;
brainly.com/question/13293425
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All of the following statements concerning crystal field theory are true EXCEPT Group of answer choices in an isolated atom or ion, the five d orbitals have identical energy. low-spin complexes contain the maximum number of unpaired electrons. in low-spin complexes, electrons are concentrated in the dxy, dyz, and dxz orbitals. the energy difference between d orbitals often corresponds to an energy of visible light. the crystal field splitting is larger in low-spin complexes than high-spin complexes.
Answer:
low-spin complexes contain the maximum number of unpaired electrons.
Explanation:
In the crystal field theory, the magnitude of crystal field splitting and the pairing energy determines whether a complex will be low spin or high spin.
Low spin complexes often have greater magnitude of crystal field splitting energy than low spin complexes.
High spin complexes have maximum number of unpaired electrons(most of the electrons are unpaired) while low spin complexes have a minimum number of unpaired electrons in a complex(most of the electrons are paired).
A sample of nitrogen gas occupies 117 mL at 100°C. At what
temperature would it occupy 234 mL if the pressure does not
change? (express answer in K and °C)
47
Page
8 I 8
- Q +
Answer:
The new temperature of the gas is 746 K.
Explanation:
Given that,
The volume of the gas, V₁ = 117 mL
Temperature, T₁ = 100°C = 373
Final volume of the gas, V₂ = 234 mL
We need to find the final temperature. The relation between temperature and volume is given by :
[tex]\dfrac{V_1}{V_2}=\dfrac{T_1}{T_2}\\\\T_2=\dfrac{T_1V_2}{V_1}\\\\T_2=\dfrac{373\times 234}{117}\\\\T_2=746\ K[/tex]
So, the new temperature of the gas is 746 K.
Hydrogen chloride decomposes to form hydrogen and chlorine, like this:
2HCl(g) + H2(g) â Cl2(g)
Also, a chemist finds that at a certain temperature the equilibrium mixture of hydrogen chloride, hydrogen, and chlorine has the following composition:
compound pressure at equilibrium
HCl 84.4 atm
H2 77.9 atm
Cl2 54.4
Required:
Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for this reaction. Round your answer to significant digits.
Solution :
Given :
Partial pressure of HCl, [tex]$P_{HCl}$[/tex] = 84.4 atm
Partial pressure of [tex]H_2[/tex], [tex]$P_{H_2}$[/tex] = 77.9 atm
Partial pressure of [tex]Cl_2[/tex], [tex]$P_{Cl_2}$[/tex] = 54.4 atm
Reaction :
[tex]$2HCl (g) \leftrightharpoons H_2(g) + Cl_2(g)$[/tex]
Using equilibrium concept,
[tex]$k_p=\frac{(P_{H_2})(P_{Cl_{2}})}{(P_{HCl})^2}$[/tex]
[tex]$k_p=\frac{77.9 \times 54.4}{(84.4)^2}$[/tex]
[tex]$k_p=0.594$[/tex]
[tex]k_p=0.59[/tex] (in 2 significant figures)
or [tex]k_p=5.9 \times 10^{-1}[/tex]
Diisopropyl ether reacts with concentrated aqueous HI to form two initial organic products
a. True
b. Fasle
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The reaction between Diisopropyl ether and concentrated aqueous HI forms two initial organic products as shown in the image attached.
The hydrogen of the HI becomes attached to the oxygen in the ether leading to a cleavage of the C-O bond to yield the first compound. The I^- become attached to the other moiety in the original molecule to yield the second compound as shown in the image attached.
Classify these bonds as ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent. You are currently in a sorting module.
Ionic Polar Covalent Nonpolar covalent
C-O , Mg-F , Cl-Cl
Answer:
C-O: polar covalent
Mg-F: ionic
Cl-Cl: nonpolar covalent
Explanation:
Ionic bonds are formed between an atom of a metallic element and another atom of a non-metallic element. Thus, Mg-F is an ionic bond, in which Mg is the metal and F is the nonmetal.
Covalent bonds are formed between two non-metallic elements. So, C-O and Cl-Cl are covalent bonds, because C, O, and Cl are nonmetals.
In C-O, the atom of oxygen (O) has more electronegativity than the atom of carbon (C). Thus, O will attract the electrons with more strength and a difference in charge will be established between the two bonded atoms. So, this covalent bond is polar.
In Cl-Cl, both atoms have the same electronegativity because they are from the same chemical element (Cl). Thus, this bond is nonpolar.
How many moles of HNO3 are needed to prepare 5.7 liters of a 1.64 M solution of HNO3
We are given:
Volume of Solution: 5.7 Liters
Concentration: 1.64 Molar
Number of moles required:
We know that the formula for concentration (in molar) is:
M = N / V
where M is the concentration, N is the number of moles, and V is the volume of solution (in L)
plugging the given values in the equation:
1.64 = N / 5.7
N = 1.64 * 5.7
N = 9.35 moles
Write the symbol for every chemical element that has atomic number greater than 55 and less than 140.8 u
Which of the following is most likely to happen when a sound wave reflects
off a hard surface? (Assume that neither the source of the sound nor the hard
surface is moving.)
A. A change in speed
B. An echo
C. A change in pitch
D. A beat frequency
В
an echo is caused by the fact that waves can be reflected by solid surfaces, this is due to the dynamic pattern of rarefactions and air seals near the reflecting surface
The graph below shows how the temperature and volume of a gas vary when
the number of moles and the pressure of the gas are held constant. What
happens to the
temperature of a gas as its volume increases?
A. The temperature decreases
B. The temperature increases
C. The temperature remains the same.
D. The temperature doubles.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
because it remains the same
In nature, one common strategy to make thermodynamically unfavorable reactions proceed is to couple them chemically to reactions that are thermodynamically favorable. As long as the overall reaction is thermodynamically favorable, even the unfavorable reaction will proceed.
Part A
Consider these hypothetical chemical reactions:
A⇌B,ΔG= 14.8 kJ/mol
B⇌C,ΔG= -29.7 kJ/mol
C⇌D,ΔG= 8.10 kJ/mol
What is the free energy, ΔG, for the overall reaction, A⇌D?
Part B
Firefly luciferase is the enzyme that allows fireflies to illuminate their abdomens. Because this light generation is an ATP-requiring reaction, firefly luciferase can be used to test for the presence of ATP. In this way, luciferase can test for the presence of life. The coupled reactions are
luciferin+O2ATP⇌⇌oxyluciferin+lightAMP+PPi
If the overall ΔG of the coupled reaction is -7.50 kJ/mol , what is the equilibrium constant, K, of the first reactions at 11 ∘C ? The ΔG for the hydrolysis of ATP to AMP is −31.6 kJ/mol.
Answer:
[tex]\triangle G= -6.7 KJ/mol[/tex]
Explanation:
From the question we are told that:
Chemical Reactions:
X=A⇌B,ΔG= 14.8 kJ/mol
Y=B⇌C,ΔG= -29.7 kJ/mol
Z=C⇌D,ΔG= 8.10 kJ/mol
Since
Hess Law
The law states that the total enthalpy change during the complete course of a chemical reaction is independent of the number of steps taken.
Therefore
Generally the equation for the Reaction is mathematically given by
[tex]T = +1 * X +1 * Y +1 *Z[/tex]
Therefore the free energy, ΔG is
[tex]\triangle G=1 * \triangle G*X +1 * \triangle G*Y +1 * \triangle G *Z[/tex]
[tex]\triangle G= +1 * (14.9) +1 * (-29.7) +1 * (8.10)[/tex]
[tex]\triangle G= -6.7 KJ/mol[/tex]
