Which type of bond(s) is/are directional?
a. metallic
b. ionic
c. covalent
d. secondary
Answer:
covalent bonds
Explanation:
because the electrons are shared between atoms therefore the binds are very directional
what is meant pyrolysis?
Answer:
Pyrolysis is the heating of an organic material, such as biomass, in the absence of oxygen. Biomass pyrolysis is usually conducted at or above 500 °C, providing enough heat to deconstruct the strong bio-polymers mentioned above.The use of phenyl isothiocyanate, the key reagent in the edman degradation, makes it possible to?
The use of phenyl isothiocyanate, the key reagent in the Edman degradation, makes it possible to remove and identify one amino acid at a time.
In the process of Edman degradation, Phenyl isothiocyanate is exposed by the protein, which then tends to react with the uncharged alpha-amino group present on the first amino acid which results in the formation of an intermediate molecule. The intermediate molecule of protein thus formed now contains an amino acid that is labeled.
Edman added Phenyl isothiocyanate as it creates a phenyl thiocarbamoyl derivative complex with N-terminal. Then the N-terminal is made to cleave under certain acidic conditions which are harsh, which creates a cyclic complex of phenylthiohydantoin PTH type of amino acid.
In general, it does not damage the structures of protein and then exits out two peptide constituents. This method can be again repeated for the remaining residues, which separates only one residue at a time. Thus phenyl isothiocyanate helps in the removal and identification of one particular amino acid at a time in Edman degradation.
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Complete combustion of 8.00 g of a hydrocarbon produced 25.7 g of CO2 and 8.77 g of H2O. What is the empirical formula for the hydrocarbon? Insert subscripts as necessary.
Complete combustion of 8.00 g of a hydrocarbon produced 25.7 g of CO₂. The empirical formula for the hydrocarbon is C₄H₇.
What is the empirical formula?The empirical formula of the molecule is the simplest whole number of atoms of a compound.
Moles of C in the compound: 27.8 g CO2 x 1 mol CO2/44 g x 1 mol C/mole CO2 = 0.632 moles of C
Moles of H in the compound: 9.96 g H2O x 1 mol H2O/18 g x 2 mol H/mol H2O = 1.11 moles of H
mass C = 0.632 mol C x 12 g/mol = 7.58 g C
mass H = 1.11 mol H x 1 g/mol = 1.11 g H
Sum = 8.69 g total mass (close enough to 8.70 so our assumption of no oxygen is correct)
To find the lowest whole number of moles, we can divide both by the lowest value (0.632) to obtain.
moles C = 0.632/0.632 = 1.0
moles H = 1.11/0.632 = 1.75
Now to get a whole number for H we can multiply both by 4 to obtain
moles C = 4
moles H = 7
Thus, the Empirical formula is C₄H₇.
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The normal boiling point of propane is -42.1 and the normal boiling point of butane is -0.5 calculate the mole fraction of the propane in a liquid mixture that boils at -31.2 at 1 atm.
API assigns a default value of Hs/D = 0.5 and an assumption of αR = αS , resulting in the 32.7 35.2 42.1 50.6 59.6 67.2 70.3 69.2 62.6 51.1 41.2 34.5.
What is API ?Communication between two or more computer applications is made possible via application programming interfaces (APIs). It is a kind of software interface that provides a service to other software. An API specification is a document or a standard that outlines how to create or use a connection or interface of this type. The term "implement" or "expose" refers to a computer system that conforms to this standard. A specification or an implementation may both be referred to as an API.
An application programming interface, as opposed to a user interface, links computer systems to people, while a user interface does the opposite.
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A+compound+is+53.31%+c,53.31%+c,+11.18%+h,11.18%+h,+and+35.51%+o35.51%+o+by+mass.+what+is+its+empirical+formula?+insert+subscripts+as+needed.
The empirical formula of a compound is C₂H₅O.
Take 100 grams of compound:
1) ω(C) = 53.31% ÷ 100% = 0.5331
m(C) = ω(C) × m(compound).
m(C) = 0.5331 × 100 g.
m(C) = 53.31 g.
n(C) = m(C) ÷ M(C).
n(C) = 53.31 g ÷ 12 g/mol.
n(C) = 4.44 mol; amount of carbon
2) ω(H) = 11.18 % ÷ 100% = 0.1118
m(H) = 0.1118 × 100 g.
m(H) = 11.18 g.
n(H) = 11.18 g ÷ 1 g/mol.
n(H) = 11.18 mol; amount of hydrogen
3) ω(O) = 35.51 % ÷ 100%.
ω(O) = 0.3551
m(O) = 0.3551 × 100 g
m(O) = 35.51 g.
n(O) = 35.51 g ÷ 16 g/mol.
n(O) = 2.22 mol.
4) n(C) : n(H) : n(O) = 4.44 mol : 11.18 mol : 2.22 mol /2.22 mol.
n(C) : n(H) : n(O) = 2 : 5.03 : 1
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change each of the following numbers into scientific notation
d) 0.000 000 000 000 001 72
f) 568,200,000,000,000
g) 0.000 000 081
h) 0.000 000 000 000 904
i) 7,123
If a saturated open chain hydrocarbon has 15 carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms are present?
32 hydrogen atoms are present in a saturated open chain hydrocarbon has 15 carbon atoms.
Saturated hydrocarbons have only single bonds between carbon atoms.
The carbon atoms are saturated with hydrogen as many hydrogen atoms as possible.
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.
General formula for alkanes is CₓH₂ₓ₊₂.
x is the number of carbon atoms in hydrocarbon.
x = 15; the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon
The number of hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon = 2 × 15 + 2
The number of hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon = 32
Hydrocarbons can form open chains, branched chains and rings.
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The production of uric acid is advantageous to birds because uric acid __________.
The production of uric acid is advantageous to birds because uric acid is safe to store, has little toxicity, and uses little water to excrete when an embryo grows in an egg.
Uric acid is a safe, nontoxic compound that is produced by birds. It is advantageous to birds because it can be stored safely, uses little water to excrete, and is little toxic to embryos. Uric acid is produced as a waste product of purine metabolism and is typically excreted in the urine. However, in birds, uric acid is secreted in the feces. Uric acid has a number of benefits for birds. First, it is safe to store. Second, it uses little water to excrete. Third, it is little toxic to embryos. Uric acid is produced by the liver and is excreted by the kidneys. It is a waste product of purine metabolism and is typically excreted in the urine. However, in birds, uric acid is secreted in the feces. Uric acid has a number of benefits for birds. First, it is safe to store. Second, it uses little water to excrete. Third, it is little toxic to embryos.
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What intermolecular forces will be present in a sample of dichloromethane (ch2cl2)? (select all that apply)
In a sample of dichloromethane intermolecular forces that will be present are dispersion interactions and dipole - dipole forces.
There are two kinds of Van der Waals forces: weak dispersion interactions and stronger dipole-dipole forces.
Intermolecular forces are the forces between molecules or particles.
The London dispersion force is the weakest intermolecular force.
Dispersion force is also called an induced dipole-induced dipole attraction.
The London dispersion force (intermolecular force) is a temporary attractive force between molecules.
There are several types of intermolecular forces: hydrogen bonding, ion-induced dipole forces, ion-dipole forces andvan der Waals forces.
In the molecule of dichlormethane (CH₂Cl₂) there are dipole-dipole forces between negatively charged chlorine atom from one molecule of the compound and positively charged hydrogen atom of another molecule of the compound.
Missing options: dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, dispersion forces.
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According to kinetic molecular theory At a temperature of a confined Gas rises which of the following characteristics of the gas molecules increase
A lot of the fundamental ideas of thermodynamics were established with the help of the kinetic theory of gases, a straightforward yet historically significant classical model of the thermodynamic behavior of gases.
According to kinetic molecular theory At a temperature of a confined Gas rises which of the following characteristics of the gas molecules increase
The macroscopic characteristics of gases, such as volume, pressure, and temperature, as well as their transport characteristics, such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, and mass diffusivity, are all explained by the kinetic theory of gases. The model also takes into consideration associated phenomena like Brownian motion.
According to the kinetic molecular theory, collisions between gas particles happen in a way that is completely elastic. Consequently, as the temperature rises, the speed at which the gas molecules move also does so. First, the gas molecules' conviction energy rises more quickly. The faster the molecules move, the more frequently they will crash with the container's walls, raising the gas pressure.
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4. the first reaction in glycolysis is the phosphorylation of glucose. one possible reaction might be:_________
The phosphorylation of glucose occurs first in the glycolysis process. ADP + Glucose-6-phosphate + Glucose (6C) is the product of the same process.
Describe glycolysis.
The metabolic process known as glycolysis turns the molecule glucose (C6H12O6) into pyruvate (CH3COCO2H).
The high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide are produced using the free energy produced during this process (NADH).Glycolysis is a set of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Carbohydrates' binding energy is preserved. ATP retention
Glycolysis is one metabolic pathway that doesn't require oxygen (In anaerobic conditions pyruvate is converted to lactic acid). Numerous species commonly undergo glycolysis, indicating that it is an ancient metabolic pathway.
Thus, the reaction involved in the first reaction of glycolysis is
Glucose (6Carbons) + ATP → Glucose-6-phosphate + ADP.
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Although an amine nitrogen atom containing an electron pair and bonded to three different groups is technically a stereogenic center, the chirality of the amine nitrogen is often ignored. why is that?
Amine nitrogen atom containing an electron pair and bonded to three different groups is technically a stereogenic center, the chirality of the amine nitrogen is often ignored due to its four bonds are needed to define stereoganic center.
What is stereoganic center?A stereogenic center is any atom that gives different isomers when atoms or groups attached to it are exchanged. These isomers are called stereoisomers because the structures of the molecules are the same but their spatial arrangements are different from each other.
Chirality only exists with the tetrahedral carbon atoms Because there Is usually rapid inter conversion between the two isomeric forms at room temperature. Because there usually slow Inter conversion between the two Isomeric forms at room temperature.
Atom bearing groups such that interchanging of any two groups leads to a stereoisomer, plane of symmetry so that there are no stereoisomers tetrahedral atom enantiomer, non-superimposable mirror image tetrahedral atom bonded to four different substituents.
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The carbon dioxide concentration in the pre-industrial atmosphere was around ____ ppm but has increased to around ______ ppm today.
The carbon dioxide concentration in the pre-industrial atmosphere was around 280 ppm but has increased to around 400 ppm today.
Burning fossil fuels for electricity production and transportation, making cement, destroying forests, farming, and many other activities all contribute to CO2 pollution. The planet's atmosphere warms steadily as a result of the presence of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, which trap heat that would otherwise radiate from the surface and escape into space. This warming of the atmosphere triggers a variety of weather changes, such as periods of extreme heat, drought, and wildfire activity, as well as heavier precipitation, flooding, and tropical cyclone activity.
The effects of greenhouse gas pollution on the world's oceans include increasing sea surface temperatures, rising sea levels and increased carbon absorption, making seawater more acidic, deoxygenating the oceans and making it harder for some marine organisms to survive.
Hence,the CO2 concentration has increased in todays atmosphere.
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what should you do if you are wearing a tie in lab day? what do you think your teacher will suggest other than removing the tie?
Answer: Probably why are you wearing it and why do you have it on
Explanation:
Answer:
remove it, tuck it under ur shirt
Explanation:
What’s a good reasoning for this?
Density is a measure of how heavy something is compared to its size. If an object is more dense than water it will sink when placed in water, and if it is less dense than water it will float. Density is a characteristic property of a substance and doesn't depend on the amount of substance.
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5. A 483 L balloon at 42° C is heated to 81° C. What will be the balloon's final volume?
A 483 L balloon at 42° C is heated to 81° C the balloon's final volume is 604.17.
What does volume over temperature mean?Volume-temperature (constant pressure) When pressure is constant, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature. Volume to temperature ratio is constant when pressure stays constant. Charles' law or Gay-law Lussac's are two names for this relationship.
Why is volume constant?A thermodynamic process known as an isochoric process, also known as a constant-volume process, isovolumetric process, or isometric process, occurs when the volume of a closed system going through the process stays constant.
Briefing:According to Charles law:
V1/T1 = V2/T2
initial temperature = 42⁰ C
42⁰ C+273 = 315 k
Final temperature = 81⁰ C
81⁰+273 = 354 k
V1/T1 = V2/T2
483L/315k = V2/354k
354 * 483 = 315 * V2
170982/283 = (315)V2/315
V2 = 604.17 L
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How can a knowledge of chemistry help you be a more informed citizen?
Knowledge of chemistry help you be a more informed citizen in many ways because it is the foundation of our world.
Chemistry and other scientific knowledge can help you assess the evidence offered, create an informed judgement, and take the necessary action.Our basic needs of food, clothes, shelter, health, energy, and pure air, water, and soil are all met by chemistry.It is beneficial to have some knowledge of chemistry because it gives a solid foundation for comprehending the physical universe in which we live. Everything is chemical, for better or worse.Chemistry knowledge is necessary to create synthetic materials, life-saving pharmaceuticals, and spacecraft.A fundamental understanding of chemistry is necessary before one can comprehend why an autumn leaf turns red, why a diamond is hard, or why soap makes us clean.So,Society as we know it, has been greatly influenced by chemistry, from the creation of stronger materials for large-scale construction to the kind of cosmetics you use on a daily basis.
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For visible clouds to form, water droplets must cling to
a
Dust
b
Heat
c
Ice
d
Water
Answer:
A. dust
Explanation:
A medication order states, administer meperidine hydrochloride 50 mg im stat. available is meperidine hydrochloride injection 100 mg/ml. how many ml should the nurse administer?
The nurse should administer 0.5ml of meperidine hydrochloride injection.
Meperidine hydrochloride is an analgesic drug which acts on the central nervous system used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain which requires opioid treatment. It is a very strong pain killer and sometimes has severe side effects like mood swings, nausea, etc. it may also lead to addiction and thus needs to be taken only in the dosage prescribed by a physician.
Given:
Stock concentration: 100mg/ml
Working concentration: 50mg
To find:
Volume = ?
Formula:
Volume = Working concentration / stock concentration
Calculations:
Volume = 50 / 100
Volume = 0.5ml
Result:
0.5ml of the meperidine hydrochloride injection should be administered by the nurse.
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Which of the following are a type of scientific model?
a. Mathematical
b. Physical
c. Conceptual
d. All of the above
Answer:
Physical
Explanation:
Molarity1. how many moles of koh are contained in 252 ml of 0.960 m potassium hydroxide solution?
The solution of potassium hydroxide with a volume of 252 ml and a concentration of 0.960 m has: 0.24192 mol
To solve this problem, the formula and the procedure that we have to use is:
m = n(solute)/v(solution) L
Where:
m= molarityn = molesm = massInformation about the problem:
v(solution) = 252 mLm = 0.960 mol/Ln (koh) =?By converting the volume units from (ml) to (L) we have;
v(solution) = 252 mL * 1L/1000 mL
v(solution) = 0.252 L
Applying the molarity formula, and clearing the moles we get:
m = n(solute)/v(solution) L
n(solute) = m * v(solution) L
n(koh) = 0.960 mol/L * 0.252 L
n(koh) = 0.24192 mol
What is a solution?In chemistry a solution is known as a homogeneous mixture of two or more components called:
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Determine the volume occupied by 1.5 g of ethyl alcohol. the density of ethyl alcohol is 0.789 g/ml
The volume occupied of ethyl alcohol with a density of 0.789 g/ml and a mass of 1.5 g is: 1.9011 ml
The density formula and the procedure we will use is:
d = m/v
Where:
v= volumed= densitym= massInformation about the problem:
d= 0.789 g/mlm = 1.5 gv = ?Applying the density formula and clearing the volume we get:
d = m/v
v = m/ d
v = 1.5 g/0.789 g/ml
v = 1.9011 ml
What is density?It is a physical quantity that expresses the ratio of the body mass to the volume it occupies.
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If a forensic scientist is trying to identify a specific type of white powder, what is one physical test they might do?
Test the rate at which the substance catches fire
Test for how much heat is given off when it is burned
Test for a color change when adding a testing solution
Calculate the density of the powder by adding it to acetone
The first physical test that we will do is flame test, Test the rate at which the substance catches fire.
So in flame test the white powder sample is introduced to a non-luminous, hot flame and observing the colour of the flame and observing the colour of the flame. The main concept behind the flame test is the sample atoms evaporate and since they are hot, they emit light when being in flame.
Here we are looking into the chemical change which is happening to the substance. Burning is a chemical change as new substance is formed with new properties and it cannot be reserved.
So the first physical test a forensic scientist might do is Test the rate at which the substance catches fire.
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The pauling electronegativity scale says carbon is 2.5. however, hybridization changes this value. which carbon is the least electronegative?
Carbon with sp³-hybrid orbitals is the least electronegative.
Electronegativity (χ) is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself.
Atoms with higher electronegativity attracts more electrons towards it, electrons are closer to that atom.
Carbon can form chemical bonds with sp, sp² and sp³-hybrid orbitals.
The more percentage s-orbital in hybrid orbitals of carbon, the greater is the electronegativity of the carbon atom.
sp³-hybrid orbital has 25% character of s-orbital, so it is the least electronegative.
sp²-hybrid orbital has 33% character of s-orbital.
sp-hybrid orbital has 50% character of s-orbital.
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If 8.22 g ca(no3)2 is dissolved in enough water to make 0.250 l of solution, what is the molar concentration of ca(no3)2?
8.22 g ca (no3) Enough water is used to dissolve 2 to create a 0.250 l solution.
The solution's molarity is 0.050/0.250 M, or 0.2 M.
How is Molar concentration is defined?
The term "molar concentration" is used to define the concentration of a chemical species, specifically a solute, in a solution. It denotes the quantity of a substance per unit volume of solution. Other synonyms for this phrase include quantity, substance concentration, and molarity.
M = n/V
where, n = no of moles of solute
V = volume of solution
and, M = molarity of the solution.
Molecular weight of Ca(NO3)2 = 164g = 1 mole pf calcium nitrate
Thus, 8.22 g Ca(NO3)2 = 8.22/164 moles. = 0.050 mole
Volume(given) = 0.250l
Therefore, Molarity of the given solution = 0.050/0.250 M = 0.2 M
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A potential energy function is given by u(x) = (3.00 n/m)x - (1.00 n/m3)x3. at what position or positions is the force equal to zero?'
The position at which force is equal to 0 is +1 and -1.
The potential energy of the function is U.
U = 3x + 1 x²
Force is F.
F = 0
[tex]F = \frac{ - dU}{dx}[/tex]
[tex]F= \frac{ - d(3x + 1x ^{2} }{dx} [/tex]
= ( -3 - 3 x²)
= -3 ( 1+ x²)
As the force is zero.
The position at which force is equal to 0 is,
0 = -3 ( 1 + x ²)
[tex]x = \sqrt{ 1} [/tex]
x = 1
Therefore, the position at which force is equal to 0 is +1 and -1.
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Oxalic+acid+is+a+toxic+substance+used+by+laundries+to+remove+rust+stains.+its+composition+is+26.7%+c,+2.2%+h,+and+71.1%+o+(by+mass),+and+its+molecular+mass+is+90+amu.+what+is+its+molecular+formula?
The molecular formula of a compound is C₂H₂O₄.
Take 100 grams of compound:
1) ω(C) = 26.7% ÷ 100% = 0.267
m(C) = ω(C) × m(compound)
m(C) = 0.267 × 100 g.
m(C) = 26.7 g.
n(C) = m(C) ÷ M(C).
n(C) = 26.7 g ÷ 12 g/mol.
n(C) = 2.22 mol; amount of carbon
2) ω(H) = 2.2 % ÷ 100% = 0.022
m(H) = 0.022 × 100 g.
m(H) = 2.2 g.
n(H) = 2.2 g ÷ 1 g/mol.
n(H) = 2.2 mol; amount of hydrogen
3) ω(O) = 71.1 % ÷ 100%.
ω(O) = 0.711
m(O) = 0.711 × 100 g
m(O) = 71.1 g
n(O) = 71.1 g ÷ 16 g/mol
n(O) = 4.4 mol; amount of oxygen
4) n(C) : n(H) : n(O) = 2.2 mol : 2.2 mol : 4.4 mol /2.2 mol.
n(C) : n(H) : n(O) = 1 : 1 : 2
M(CHO₂) = 45 amu; empirical formula
90 amu ÷ 45 amu = 2 CHO₂
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Question 19
1 pts
For the reaction
? C+? 02→? CO (not balanced)
what is the maximum amount of CO which could be formed from 18.37 g of C and 14.74 g of O₂?
Answer:
Explanation:
14.74
Describe the Kinetic-potential energy Conversion that occur when a basketball bounces.
Answer:
Hope this helps :)
When a person is holding a basketball, there is potential energy, and when the ball is dropped/bounced then there is potential energy. The basketball has the highest amount of kinetic energy when it is falling and bounces on the floor.
